A

Micro-Project Report

on

COAL FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANT

Submitted to
MSBTE
In Partial Fulfilment of Requirement of Diploma of
Electrical Engineering
Under I Scheme
Submitted By –
Mr. Hrishikesh G. Barve
Ms. Vaishnavi V. Padave
Mr. Suyash S. Sangelkar

Under the Guidance of –

Prof. H. A. Pawar

FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-21

YASHWANTRAO BHOSALE POLYTECHNIC, SAWANTADI

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that,

Mr. Hrishikesh G. Barve Roll No. - 22

Mr. Suyash S. Sangelkar Roll No. - 23

Ms. Vaishnavi V. Padave Roll No. - 24

Of Third semester of diploma in Electrical Engineering Of institute Yashwantrao Bhosale

Polytechnic (1742) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in course Electric Power
Generation (22327) For the academic year 2020-21 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Subject Faculty HOD Principal

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that,

Mr/Ms………………………………………………………………Roll No…………………
Of Third semester of diploma in Electrical Engineering Of institute
Yashwantrao Bhosale Polytechnic (1742) has completed the Micro
Project satisfactorily in course Electric Power Generation (22327) For
the academic year 2020-21 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place – Enrollment No. -

Date - Exam seat No. -

Subject faculty HOD Principal

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 INDEX

SR CONTENT PAGE
NO. NO.
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 05
2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION 06
3 AIM OF THE PROJECT 14
4 COURSE OUTCOME 14
5 ACTUAL PROCEDURE 14

6 ACTUAL RESOURCES USED 15

7 OUTPUT OF THE PRJECT 15

8 SKILL DEVLPOED 15
9 CONCLUSION 16
10 ACTUAL IMAGE OF THE MODEL 17

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 1) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to take this opportunity to thank our lecturer Mr. H. A. Pawar sir for
guidance and advice on this project. At the same time I also wont forget my group members and
also colleagues to because they quiet good with sharing some of their information to complete
this second year project successfully.
I am very much thankful to principal Mr. G A Bhosale for the support and encouragement. This
work I complete with blessings of all my family members I express my sincere gratitude towards
them for their kind cooperation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to all teaching and non-teaching staff of department of
electrical engineering. It was indeed a fabulous experience and learning for me to work on this
project.
Last but not the least I would like to thank all my friends and well-wishers who were involved
directly and in-directly in successful competition of the present work.

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 2) BRIEF DESCRIPTION

A Thermal Power Plant converts the heat energy of coal into electrical energy. Coal is burnt in a
boiler which converts water into steam. The expansion of steam in turbine produces
mechanical power which drives the alternator coupled to the turbine. Thermal Power Plants
contribute maximum to the generation of Power for any country. Thermal Power Plants
constitute 61.8%, 231321 MW of the total installed captive and non-captive power generation in
India. In thermal generating stations coal, oil, natural gas etc. are employed as primary sources
of energy.

WORKING PRINCIPLE-

Firstly, the water is taken into the boiler from a water source. The boiler is heated with the help
of coal. The increase in temperature helps in the transformation of water into steam. The steam
generated in the boiler is sent through a steam turbine. The turbine has blades that rotate when
high velocity steam flows across them. This rotation of turbine blades is used to generate
electricity. A generator is connected to the steam turbine. When the turbine turns, electricity is
generated and given as output by the generator, which is then supplied to the consumers
through high-voltage power lines.

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• GENERAL LAYOUT OF THERMAL POWER PLANT -

• MAIN EQUIPMENTS -
1. Coal handling plant
2. Pulverizing plant
3. Boiler
4. Turbine
5. Condenser
6. Cooling towers and ponds
7. Feed water heater
8. Economizer
9. Air preheater

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• COAL HANDLING PLANT -

• Coal is transported to power station by rail or road and stored in coal storage plant and then
pulverized.
• The function of coal handling plant is automatic feeding of coal to the boiler furnace.
• A thermal power plant burns enormous amounts of coal.
• A 200MW plant may require around 2000 tons of coal daily.

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 • PULVERIZING PLANT -

In modern thermal power plant, coal is pulverized i.e. ground to dust like size and carried to
the furnace in a stream of hot air. Pulverizing is a means of exposing a large surface area to the
action of oxygen and consequently helping combustion.  Pulverizing process consists 3 stages
classified as: 1. Feeding 2. Drying 3. Grinding.

• BOILER -

Function of boiler is to generate steam at desired pressure and temperature by transferring heat
produced by burning of fuel in a furnace to change water into steam. TURBINE In thermal power
plants generally 3 turbines are used to increases the efficiency .High pressure turbine,
Inermediate Turbine, Low pressure Turbine

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 • CONDENSER -

The surface condenser is a shell and tube heat exchanger where cooling water flows through
tubes and exhaust steam fed into the shell surrounds the tubes. as a result, steam condense
outside the tubes.

• COOLING TOWERS AND PONDS -

A condenser needs huge quantity of water to condense the steam. Most plants use cooled
cooling system where warm water coming from condenser is cooled and reused.  Cooling tower
is a steel or concrete hyperbolic structure with the height of 150m.

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 • FEED WATER HEATER -

• Feed water heating improves overall plant efficiency.

• Thermal stresses due to cold water entering the boiler drum are avoided.
• Quality of steam produced by the boiler is increased.

• ECONOMIZER -

An air preheater It is any device designed to heat air before another process (for
example, combustion in a boiler With the primary objective of increasing the thermal
efficiency of the process. They may be used alone or to replace a recuperative heat
system or to replace a steam coil.

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 • AIR PREHEATER -

The function of air preheaters is to preheat the air before entering to the furnace by utilizing
some of the energy left in the flue gases before exhausting them to the atmosphere. After flue
gases leave economizer, some further heat can be extracted from them and used to heat
incoming heat. Cooling of flue gases by 20-degree waste centigrade increases the plant efficiency
by 1%.

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 POWER GENERATION AND CONTROL

• ASH HANDLING PLANT -

The ash from the boiler is collected in two forms Bottom ash(slurry) It's a waste which is
dumped into ash pond. Fly ash: Fly ash is separated from flue gases in esp.

• WATER HANDLING PLANT -

Water in a Power Plant is used for:- Production of Steam- for rotating turbine. •
Cooling Purpose- For cooling of various equipment. • Water is recycled and used for
various purpose: Raw Water For Cooling Purposes Steam Condenser Raw Water • About
4 cubic meter water is lost/day/mw.

• ADVANTAGES OF THERMAL POWER PLANT -

1. Thermal power station has less initial cost as compared to hydro-electric
generating station.
2. It requires less space as compared to the hydro-electric power station.
3. The fuel cost is less as compared to gas.
4. Hung amount of power can be generated by TPS.
5. The cost of generation is less as compared to diesel power station.

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3) AIM OF THE PROJECT - Prepare a model on Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant

4) COURSE OUTCOME – Understand the Working, Construction, Function of Each and every
part of Thermal Power Plant

5) ACTUAL PROCEDURE FOLLOWED -

1) We prepared plan for the making model of the project

2) Collected all the information about the project
3) List out the resources required for the project with tentative cost
4) Took guidance from our subject teacher about the project
5) Prepared the project
6) Project name and some information labelled on the project
7) Prepared the project report

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6) ACTUAL RESOURCES USED –

➢ Reference Books
• “Analysis of Engineering Cycles” by R W Haywood
• “Power Generation, Operation and Control” by Wood A J and Wollenberg B F
➢ Texts Books
• Electric Power Generation: Transmission and Distribution By S. N. Singh.
➢ Internet
• http://xn--adwww-rja.sigmathermal.com/
• https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/02lrb&hl=en-
IN&q=Electricity+generation&kgs=c010ebe7338ba66d&shndl=0&source=sh/x/kp/osrp&entrypoi
nt=sh/x/kp/osrp

7) OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT –

1) In this project we learnt about Construction, Working , Advantages - Disadvantages

And Functioning of Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant
2) Get a experience to work in team
3) We got a knowledge about how to prepare the Project.

8) SKILL DEVLOPED –

• Project making skill

• Skills like presentation, Discipline
• Developing idea of the project
• Using the various material to make the project
• Also skills about co-ordination , teamwork , Consistency ,time management developed by
performing this projec

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9) CONCLUSION –

Hereby are the presented our microproject on topic model of Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant ,
which inspires us all and gives us a better inspiration . We all separated the work in various part
and distributed the work to all our group members and we tried to do best for our micro- project
of of Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant
At the time of completion we have learnt many lessons such as Teamwork, Tolerance,
Consistency, Co - operation , patience and also learnt the importance of micro – project.
We successfully completed this project because we not only gained theoretical knowledge but
also practical knowledge. Thank You..

10) ACTUAL IMAGE OF THE MODEL -

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