De. caer SAP Fie g methods, strategies, tactics and techniques Description of teac! Teaching method Ateaching method comprises the principles and methods used by teachers to enable student learning. These strategies are determined partly on subject matter to be taught and partly by the nature of the learner. It is systematic way of doing something. It implies and orderly logical arrangement of steps. It is more procedural. Teaching method can be defined as the set of moments and techniques logically coordinated to direct the student toward certain goals or objectives. It is a set of didactic procedures that lead the learning. It includes presentation of the subject, development of the subject, verification and rectification of learning. Method refers to the procedure within an approach. It is nothing but a scientific way of presenting the subject keeping in mind the psychology and physical requirements of the children. It is a process or procedure whose successful completion results in learning or as a means through which teaching becomes effective Teaching methods can be defined as the principles and methods of instruction. Teaching methods may be defined as the devices or tools used to create learning situation in which effective communication can take place between the teacher and the learner. The term teaching method refers to the general principles, pedagogy and management strategies used for classroom instruction. Your choice of teaching method depends on what fits you — your educational philosophy, classroom demographic, subject area(s) and school mission statement. In teaching method the main focus is on effective presentation of subject matter to have mastery over it. It is step by step scientific way of presenting the subject matter. It is overall plan for systematic presentation based on a selected approach means method is the practical realization of an approach through a procedure in a system. Teaching method is the formal structure of the sequence of acts. The term method covers both strategy and techniques of teaching. Different strategies may be adopted in following a method. It is wider term, Method is related to the nature of content of a subject to be taught. Teaching method is a style of presentation of content in classroom. Method refers to the formal structure of the sequence of acts commonly denoted by instructions. It involves the choice of what is to be taught and in which order is to be presented. There are two main types of teaching method which are non-participatory method and participatory method. 1. Non-Participatory method: In these type of methods teacher casts himself/herself in the role of being a master of the subject matter. The teacher is looked upon by the learners as an expert or an authority. Learners on the other hand are presumed to be passive and copious recipients of knowledge from the teacher. Examples of such methods are lecture method and demonstration method. General Methods of Teaching Scanned with CamScanner+2. participatory methods: This refers to the way in which teachers and students are in constant ‘teraction, active involvement and continuous exchange of views and ideas in the overall teaching and learning. These methods are sometimes known as interactive teaching method or iearner centered teaching method. It isa shift from a belief that learners are empty plate who are supposed to be imparted with knowledge to a belief that learners can construct knowledge ‘and learn on their own if properly guided. They are designed only for smaller groups of participants, but their advantage is that they encourage better retention of learned. They are contemporary modern methods of education. . Examples of such methods are discussion method, question answer method, project method, problem solving method ete. Teaching strategies Before going to discuss teaching strategy, first we should know what is strategy? Strategy is borrowed term from military which actually means to utilize all of a nations forces through large scale planning and development to ensure security or victory. According Encyclopedia Strategy is the science or art of planning and directing large military movements and operations. Lawton define teaching strategy is a generalized plan for a lesson(s) which include structure desired learner behavior in terms of goals of instructions and an outline of planned tactics necessary to implement the strategy. Mackenzie defined the terms strategy and teaching separately. For him, “Teaching refers to a system of actions involving an agent, a situation, an end-in-view and two sets of factors in the situation-one set over which the agent has no control and one set which the agent can modify with respect to the end in view. It is a long term plan of action designed to achieve particular goals. t is a plan of action designed to achieve a specific goal or series of goals. It refers to the pattern of acts that serve to attain certain outcomes. If we use strategy in teaching learning situations, then it is known as instructional strategies. It means the determination of some policy before presenting the content with the help of which teaching objectives are achieved. It is some sought of planning for achieving goals. Strategy is that skill full planning of a working system by which the objectives can be achieved easily. Strategy changes according to the changing situation. Teaching strategy is the means to ‘achieve learning objectives. According to E. Stones and S. Morris teaching strategy is a generalized plan for a lesson which includes structure, desired learner behavior in terms of foals of instruction and an outline of planned tactics necessary to implement the strategy. For Example: 1. free writing Is a strategy for encouraging students to explore ideas in writing. 2. Debate is a teaching strategy in which students organize planned presentation for various viewpoints. Teaching strategies refer to the structure, system, methods, techniques, procedures and processes that a teacher uses during instruction. These are strategies the teacher employs to “ssist student learning. Teaching strategies refer to methods used to help students learn the General Methods of Teaching Scanned with CamScannerdesired course cont ents and be able to develop achievable goals in the future. Teaching strategies identify the different available learning methods to enable them to develop the right strategy to deal wil students provides Difference between strategy and method ith the target group identified. Assessment of the learning capabilities of a key pillar in development of a successful teaching strategy. f Strategy Method | [a |it is the new term belonging to | It is old term related with pedagogy. | | educational technology. This term | firstly used in military science. 2 [It is used to create appropriate | It is used for the effective presentation of the | teaching learning environment which | specific content of the subject which help the helps the students in attaining | student to understand it. teaching learning objectives 3 _ | Its assumption is that teaching is the | Its assumption is that teaching is an art. science and quite technical in nature. 4 | itis quite flexible in its application. | The steps taken in method are quite rigid and fixed. The emphasis is laid over teaching activities for the proper organization | of teaching learning environment. The effectiveness of strategy is evaluated in terms of realization of set objectives. The emphasis is laid over the instructional steps taken for the proper presentation of subject matter. - The effectiveness of instructional method is | evaluated in terms of mastery over the subject | matter. | 7 |The behavioral objectives and | The content and mode of presentation are the | teaching condition are the two basic | two main elements of teaching method. | elements of teaching strategy. Examples: Discussion Method, Lecture Method Teaching techniques Techniques can as pi using while teachin‘ accomplish a speci mapping, cooperative | procedure to accomplis! harmony with the approacl teaching activity. It is based on the General Methods of Teaching be well defined as the skills you have acquired with experience and applying it ver requirement: Technique can also be called as the methodology or the skill a teacher gin the class. Teaching technique is a well-defined procedure used to ific activity or task. Teaching techniques include brain storming, mind learning and drama technique etc. Technique is a particular trick or h an immediate objective. It must be consistent with the method and has well. A technique is a detailed list of rules or a guideline for any description of steps, or a set of do’s and don'ts, and can Scanned with CamScanneroften be linked to a method or strategy. It is a skill or procedure for completing a specific task. ‘An approach determines the method and a method determines techniques. Teaching techniques are the unique ways of carrying out a particular task, in the teaching and learning process Teaching Tactics The dictionary meaning of tactics is skillful use of available means to achieve an objective. It is the condition necessary for effective strategy. "Tactics" are methods used to achieve a goal, purpose, or objective. When teaching is organized, the teacher should, at first, select appropriate teaching tactics .teaching strategies are comprehensive method of teaching. Teaching tactics are more comprehensive than the teaching strategies. A teaching tactics can be used in many teaching strategies. By using one are more teaching tactics in one strategy. The teacher selects teaching strategies, tactics and aids on the basis of the structure of each element of the subject matter. The word tactic is an ancient Greek origin of term ‘taktike’ which means ‘art of arrangement.’ To put simply, tactics refers to the skill of dealing or handling difficult situations, to achieve a specific goal. E. Stones and S. Morris (1972) defines teaching tactics as “Teaching tactics is goal linked influenced or influencing behaviour of the teacher, the way he behaves in the instructional situation in working towards the development of the strategy; unites of teaching behaviour through which the teacher fulfils his various instructional roles with the students of his class from moment to moment; the components of teaching behaviour through which the teacher, the students and subject-matter interact”, From the analysis of this definition, the meaning and nature of tactics is as follows: — Teaching tactics represent those behaviours or activities of a teacher which he works out and makes use for the development of a particular teaching strategy. Teaching tactics are fundamental or basic units of teacher behaviour helpful in creating suitable learning structure for realisation of set objectives. Teaching tactics help the teacher for playing various instructional roles from time to time in —Teachi ir 9f a teaching strategy i the implementation of connection with 4, may include all those activities and teaching behaviours-verbal or non-verbal — Teaching tactic: ful in making a healthy triangular interaction among the teacher, taught and which may be help! ubject matter. : em help in the creation of appropriate learning structure for enabling the i tics es a Tent the determined learning objectives. learner to at General Methods of Teaching a Scanned with CamScannerepmitions of the root words provided by the various dietionares, itis clear to see thatthe rom the erroach, strategy and technique are not the same and therefore cannot be used petro ean approach is informed by ones’ view or perspective on issues, a strategy isa carefully se ities use to achieve a goal; a method becomes the procedure one adopts in solving an issues aie becomes ones’ own unique ways of solving a situation at hand. These definitions, while ot ear relationship between the terms: teaching approaches provide a basis forthe development ping methods, teaching strategies also evolve to define the components of each teaching method of eachiMaching techniques provide the unique ways of going about a strategy. In other words, teaching oad hecomes a universal set from which we get teaching methods. Teaching methods also give fae nae aching strategies from which we ae defined by specifi teaching techniques. Scanned with CamScanner