Purok 2, Brgy.

Cobangbang, Daet, Camarines Norte

Quarter 1 – Module 1
Preparation of Tools and Workplace for Installation and Service

This module contains information and suggested learning

activities in preparation of tools for installation and servicing. It covers
the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to acquire a certain
competency in EPAS. Completion of this module will help you better
understand the succeeding module on maintaining and servicing
electronically-controlled domestic appliances.

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

• Identify tools needed to conduct servicing electronically-

controlled domestic appliances.
• Use appropriate tools for specific type of work.
• Maintain hand tools.

Hand tools are any tool that is

powered by hand rather than a
motor. Categories of hand tools
include wrenches, pliers, cutters, files,
striking tools, struck or hammered
tools, screwdrivers, vises, clamps,
snips, saws, drills and knives.

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Classification of Hand Tools
1. Driving Tools
Driving tools include a variety of
steel tools used to install, repair
and maintain a variety of
constructions. Drivers are used to
drill, insert and drive screws, nuts
and bolts into surfaces with
mechanical and manual force.
Tools defined as drivers include hammers, screwdrivers, mauls
and sledges, according to Reference.com

a. Screwdriver - is a device specifically designed to insert and

tighten, or to loosen and remove screws. A screwdriver
comprises a head or tip, which engages with a screw, a
mechanism to apply torque by rotating the tip, and some way
to position and support the screwdriver. A typical hand
screwdriver comprises an approximately cylindrical handle of
a size and shape to be held by a human hand, and an axial
shaft fixed to the handle, the tip of which is shaped to fit a
particular type of screw. The handle and shaft allow the
screwdriver to be positioned and supported, when rotated, to
apply torque.

i. Slotted Screwdriver - used to drive or fasten

negative slotted screws.

ii. Phillips Screwdriver – used to drive or fasten

positive slotted screws. It is a screwdriver
that could take greater torque and could
provide tighter fastenings.

b. Torx Screwdriver Set - used to drive or

fasten six pointed star screws. In
modern electrical appliances, they
use screws with heads of non-
standard shape to prevent users of the
device from easily disassembling
them.

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 c. Hex (Allen Wrench) – used to drive or fasten
hexagonal screws. The head has a
hexagonal hole turned by an allen key. An
Allen key is a hexagonal shaped wrench
bent in letter-L. The Allen key may have
been invented by American, Gilbert F.
Heublein

d. Jeweler's Screwdriver Set – is a set of small

screw drivers composed of slotted and Philips
screwdrivers.

e. Socket Wrench – is a type of wrench,

or tightening tool, that uses
separate, removable sockets to fit
many different sizes of fittings and
fasteners, most commonly nuts and
bolts. It generally includes a
ratcheting mechanism that allows
the nut to be tightened or loosened
with a continuous motion, rather
than requiring that the wrench be removed and refitted after
each turn. Typically, a lever behind the socket switches the
wrench between tightening and loosening modes. The
sockets attached to the ratchet through a square fitting that
locks onto them and come in four common sizes: 1/4 inch, 3/8
inch, 1/2 inch, and 3/4 inch.

2. Soldering Tools

a. Soldering Iron – is a device for applying

heat to melt solder in attaching two
metal parts. A soldering iron is
composed of a heated metal tip and
an insulated handle. Heating is often
achieved electrically, by passing a
current, supplied through an electrical
cord, through a heating element. For
electrical work, wires are usually soldered to printed circuit
boards, other wires, or small terminals. A low-power iron (15-30
Watts) is suitable for this work.

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 b. Soldering Tool Stand – is a place of the soldering
iron to keep them away from flammable materials.
The stand often also comes with a sponge and flux
pot for cleaning the tip.

c. Desoldering Sucker – is the removal of solder

and components from a circuit for troubleshooting,
repair purposes and to salvage components.
Electronic components are often mounted on a
circuit board and it is usually desirable to avoid
damaging the circuit board, surrounding
components, and the component being removed.

3. Splicing Tools

a. Long Nose – is used for holding,

bending and stretching the
lead of electronic component
or connecting wire.

b. Side Cutter - is a wire-cutting plier, though

they are not used to grab or turn
anything, but are used to cut wire.

c. Wire Stripper - is a pair of

opposing blades much like
scissors or wire cutters. The
addition of a center notch
makes it easier to cut the
insulation without cutting the
wire. This type of wire stripper
is used by rotating it around the insulation while applying
pressure in order to make a cut around the insulation. Since
the insulation is not bonded to the wire, it then pulls easily off
the end.

4. Boring Tools

a. 12V Mini-Drill – is used to bore or drill hole

in the printed circuit board (pcb).

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 b. Portable Electric Drill – is used for boring
hole/s in the plastics chassis or metal
chassis with the used of drill bits.

c. Metal Files –is a hand tool used to shape metals by grinding.

A file series of sharp, parallel ridges or teeth. Most files have a
narrow, pointed tang at one end to which a handle can be
fitted.

i. Flat File - are parallel in width and tapered

in thickness; they are used for flat
surfaces and edges.

ii. Half Round File - is a taper in width

and thickness, coming to a point,
and are narrower than a standard
half round. Used for filing inside of
rings.

iii. Round File - is also called rat-tail

files, are gradually tapered and
are used for many tasks that
require a round tool, such as
enlarging round holes or cutting a
scalloped edge.

5. Cutting Tools

a. Utility Knife – is a common tool used in

cutting various trades and crafts for a
variety of purposes.

b. Hacksaw - is a saw for cutting metal.

Some of them have pistol grips which
keep the hacksaw firm and easy to grip.
The small hand-held hacksaws consist
of a metal arch with a handle that fits
around a narrow, rigid blade. The blade
has many small saw teeth along one
side. It can either be attached such that
the teeth face away from the handle, resulting in sawing
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 action by pushing, or be attached such that the teeth face
toward the handle, resulting in sawing action by pulling. On
the push stroke, the arch will bend a little, releasing the tension
on the blade. The blade is normally quite brittle, so care needs
to be taken to prevent brittle fracture of the blade.

6. Auxillary Tools

a. Ball-peen Hammer –is a type

of hammer used in
metalworking. The ball-peen
hammer remains useful for
many tasks such as tapping
punches and chisels. The
original function of the
hammer was to "peen" riveted or welded material so that it
will exhibit the same elastic behavior as the surrounding
material. Specifically, striking the metal imparts a stress at the
point of impact which results in strain-hardening of that area.
Strain hardening raises the elastic limit of a material into the
plastic range without affecting its ultimate strength. A strain-
hardened material will not deform under the same low
stresses as a non-hardened material. Most metals can be
"worked" by such methods until they lose all of their ductile
characteristics and become strong but brittle

b. Magnifying Glass – a convex lens

which is used to produce a magnified
image of an object. The lens is usually
mounted in a frame with a handle
(see image). Roger Bacon is the
original inventor of the magnifying
glass. A magnifying glass works by
creating a magnified virtual image of
an object behind the lens. The
distance between the lens and the object must be shorter
than the focal length of the lens for this to occur. Otherwise,
the image appears smaller and inverted, and can be used to
project images onto surfaces. The framed lens may be
mounted on a stand, keeping the lens at the right distance
from the table, and therefore at the right distance from the
object on the table. The latter applies if the object is small and
also if the height is adjustable. Some magnifying glasses are
foldable with built-in light.

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 c. Paint Brush – made of bristles set in
handle, use for cleaning dirty parts of a
circuit or an object.

Safety Requirements with the Use of Personal Protective Equipment

1. Weight - Use the lightest weight tool possible to avoid injury.
Excessively heavy tools should be equipped with a means of
mechanical support and attached hoses should be supported.

Support - Equip tools with

some means of mechanical
support so you don't need to hold
a heavy tool continuously while
working. If mechanical support
cannot be provided, the
workstation should be designed so
you can put the tool down or rest it
in a holster when it is not in use.

2. Balance - Additional force is

required to use a badly balanced
tool. The tool's center of gravity
should be close to the body, close
to the handles, and in line with the
center of the hand holding the
tool. Also, the weight of an
unsupported hose can unbalance
a tool.

3. Torque Control - High torque

requires a lot of force to keep the
tool from rotating out of your hand.
Torque settings should be set to the
minimum required by job
specifications, especially for in-line
and pistol-shaped tools.

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 4. Grip - Tool handles should
allow stable and efficient
grip. The handle should be
cylindrical or oval in shape,
with a diameter of between
1.25 and 1.75 inches. Tool
handles should contact as much of the hand and fingers as
possible. Grips should be made of non-slip compressible and
non-conductive material. However, if the task requires fine
manipulations, a small handle and a precision grip are
preferred. Handles should not press on the base of the palm. Use
tools with long handles or handles which are large and rounded
enough to distribute the force over a large area of the palm.
Avoid form-fitting handles (handles with finger grooves), since
they may not fit the hand size of every user. Handles should be
kept clean of slippery grease, oil, or sweat.

5. Span - On two-handled manual tools, like scissors, the open span

should be about 4 inches and the closed span should be about
1.5 inches.

6. Spring-loaded handles - A spring-loaded mechanism saves

muscular effort and reduces mechanical stress on the backs
and sides of fingers for such tools as scissors, pliers, and other
manual cutting and gripping tools which have to be opened
and closed repeatedly during use.

7. Choose the right tool shape - Pistol-shaped tools should be used

on a vertical surface or on a horizontal surface below waist
height. Bend the tool, not the wrist.

8. Avoid bending over your work.

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 9. Avoid overhead work. Use a ladder to reduce the need for
outstretched arms.

10. Keep the elbows close to the body.

11. Tilt the work surface instead of

the wrist.

12. Stand with weight evenly distributed

between feet. When standing for long periods
of time, rest one foot on a sturdy object above
floor height and switch legs periodically.

13. Sit up straight so the

chair offers good back
support. Adjust the chair
back so it comfortably
supports the natural
curve of the lower back.
Adjust the seat height to
allow thighs to be parallel
to the floor.

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 Maintaining and Storing of Hand Tools
Procedure in maintaining and storing of hand tools
1. Provide a safety cabinet for all the
hand tools and assign a specific
area for each tool.
2. It should be cleaned before
returning it to the tool rack.
3. Damage hand tools should be
repaired.
4. Apply oil on all moving parts if
possible.
5. Cover the sharp parts of the tools
with a cork when not in use.

1. Active State - It is a condition of a semiconductor device that is

working.
2. Alternating Current - It is an electric current that is continually
varying in value and reversing its direction of flow at regular
interval.
3. Circuit - An arrangement of one or more complete paths of
electron flow.
4. Conductor - A wire, cable, or other body or medium that is
suitable for carrying electric current.
5. Current - It is the rate of transfer of electricity from one point to
another.
6. Cut-off State - It is a condition of a semiconductor device that is
not working.
7. Desoldering - It is a process of unsoldering unwanted parts or
components in the circuit with the support of soldering tool.
8. Dielectric Material - A material that serves as insulator because it
has poor electric conductivity.
9. PCB - It is a Printed Circuit Board or (PCB) which is actually printed
wiring boards that have components inserted into the hole and
soldered to form its circuit connection.
10. Soldering - It is a process of joining two metals caused by heat
11. Soldering Technique - It is a right process in which the solder
(lead) is being applied in a connection or in the printed circuit
board.

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 12. Splicing - It is defined as a joint that connect two lengths of
conductor.
13. Voltage - It is the electrical pressure that existed between two
points and capable of producing a flow of current when a close
circuit is connected between the points.

Practice Task #1
Name the tools

Direction: Match the different hand tools with their actual pictures.
Write the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

_____1. Desoldering Sucker _____6. Portable Electric Drill

_____2. Soldering Iron _____7. For cutting metal
_____3. Soldering Stand _____8. For cutting wires
_____4. Long Nose Pliers _____9. Wire Splicer
_____5. For drilling small hole _____10. Magnifying Glass

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 Practice Task #2:
The photo shows?

Direction: Write the safety requirement indicated in each photo.

Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. ______________________________

2. _____________________________

3. _____________________________

4. ______________________________

5. _______________________________

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 Practice Task #3:
Layout

Prepare a layout of a tool cabinet that will fit the following tools.
Illustrate your layout on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Set of screwdriver
2. Set of Torx Screwdriver Set
3. Hex (Allen Wrench)
4. Jeweler's Screwdriver Set
5. Set of socket wrench
6. Soldering Iron
7. Desoldering Sucker
8. Long Nose
9. Side Cutter
10. Wire Stripper
11. 12V Mini-Drill
12. Set of metal file
13. Utility knife
14. Hacksaw
15. Ball peen hammer
16. Paint brush

I. Give the function of the following tools. Write the correct answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Screwdrivers ______________________________________

2. Soldering Iron ______________________________________

3. Utility knife ______________________________________

4. Magnifying Glass ______________________________________

5. Mini Drill ______________________________________

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 Direction: Write the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. These are the tools that is powered by hand rather than a

motor.
a. Heavy equipment c. Hand tools
b. Power tools d. Electric tools
2. It is a common tool used in cutting various trades and crafts
for a variety of purposes.
a. Metal file c. Side cutter pliers
b. Utility knife d. Portable electric drill
3. It is a device specifically designed to insert and tighten, or to
loosen and remove screws.
a. Screwdrivers c. Hacksaw
b. Mini drill d. Ball peen hammer
4. Using appropriate tools for specific work will your work _______.
a. easier c. faster
b. safer d. All of the above
5. Which of the following storage will help you maintain your
tools properly?
a. Plastic bag c. cabinet
b. Box (karton) d. none of the above

II. Give at least 3 safety requirement in using tools. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. __________________________
2. __________________________
3. __________________________

III. Give 2 procedure in maintaing your tools. Write your answer on a

separate sheet of paper.
1. _____________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________

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Try using any hand tool that is available in your house. Answer the
following questions and Write the your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What are the steps in using your hand tool?
a. ___________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________
e. ___________________________________________________

2. How do you maintain your hand tool?

_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

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