HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE

SOLUTION : PRACTICE ACTIVITY SHEET 1

Q. 1. (A)
(1)  Friedrich Max Muller translated the Sanskrit text of Hitopadesh.
(2)  Television is an audio-visual medium.
(3)  T
 homas Cook established a travel agency selling tourist tickets.

Q. 1. (B) Wrong pairs :

(1)  Dialectics – Herodotus
(2)  Digdarshan – Narendra Sharma
(3)  Chess – Outdoor game

Q. 2. (A)
(1) 
Ajanta and Verul (Ellora) Caves

Group of Monuments
Agra Fort (Temples) at
Mahabalipuram

World Cultural Heritage Sites in India

Group of Monuments
Taj Mahal
(Temples) at Khajuraho

Sun Temple at Konark

(2) 
Guide and translator services

Buying newspapers and other reference
books

Country’s income Revenue from Visa

from foreign
tourists Travel and hotel expenditure

Entry fee at tourist sites

Purchases of local handicraft items

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 (3) 
Paralympics

Olympics and Wimbledon
International
sports Asiad or Asian Games
competitions
Cricket World Cup

Football World Cup

Q. 2. (B)
(1)  Subaltern History :
(1)  History of deprived classes or communities who were deprived of all rights
is known as subaltern history.

(2)  The seeds of subaltern history can be traced in the Marxist history. Italian
historian Antonio Gramsci has special importance in writing the subaltern
history. He presented the idea that history should be written starting from
the bottommost ranks of people in the society.

(3)  Ranjit Guha, an Indian historian, has given prominence to subaltern history
and played a major role in establishing it as an important academic school
of historiography.

(4)  Similar thoughts were expressed by Mahatma Phule and Dr. Babasaheb
Ambedkar which can be found in their writings.

(2)  Need of Mass Media :

  Mass media includes print and electronic and various new media.

(1) It facilitated free flow of information to all strata of the society and brought
the world closer.

(2) Editorials, various columns and supplements are essential parts of

newspapers. Readers also get a platform to voice their opinions. In fact,
newspapers can help to make democracy stronger.

(3) Akashvani broadcasted various programmes of the government as well

entertainment and awareness creating programmes. It fulfilled the need of
the government to connect with people.

(4) Television is an Audio-Visual medium which has made it possible to cross

the inherent limitations of newspapers and radio to show the actual visuals
of an event to people.
  Mass Media is very important as it plays an important role to strengthen
democracy.

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 (3)  Vishwakosh :
(1)  Comprehensive Encyclopaedia (Vishwakosh) means a book which has
information on all subjects known, i.e. all subjects under the sun.
(2)  Vishwakosh is an important medium of documenting and disseminating
information.
(3)  The information is included in encyclopaedia after thorough research and
study.
(4)  (a)  There are two types of encydopaedias – one that includes all subjects like
‘Encyclopaedia Britannica‘, Maharashtriya Dnyankosh, Marathi Vishvakosh.
(b)  The other type of encyclopaedia includes comprehensive information on
one chosen subject, e.g. Bharatiya Samskruti Kosh’, ‘Vyayam Dnyankosh’.

Q. 3.
(1)  (1)  Initially, there was a lot of dominance of male perspective on historical
writing. Simone de Beauvoir, a French scholar, insisted on inclusion of
women perspective in historiography.
(2)  She emphasised on the inclusion of women in the process of writing history.
(3)  She insisted on rethinking of the male dominated perspective of history.
(4)  Because of her efforts historical research was driven to focus in depth on
various aspects of women’s lives their employment, their role in trade
unions, institution working for their cause, and their family life.

(2)  (1)  It has become easier to travel because of the easy availability of a number
of options like railway, marine and air services.
(2)  Marine has linked the coastal regions. Aviation has brought the entire world
closer.
(3)  The economic liberalisation policy of the Indian government has made the
travel more easy.
(4)  People travel for studies, relaxation, sightseeing and professional assignments
(meetings, etc.), also for shooting films.
  Therefore, there has been a considerable increase in the number of people
travelling back and forth from India.

(3)  (1) Balshastri Jambhekar started the first newspaper in Marathi on 6th January,
1832 in Mumbai.
(2)  He is referred to as the ‘First Editor’ as he was the first editor.
(3)  He laid the foundation of Marathi newspaper by starting Darpan.
  As 6th January is his birth date, it is observed as ‘Patrkar Din‘ or ‘ Journalists’
Day‘ in Maharashtra.
(4)  A tradition of making different types of toys for entertainment is going on since
ancient time.

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 (1)  Toys give us an idea about the cultural and religious development of that
period.
(2)  Clay models of forts and the images of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj placed
on fort gives us an idea about the structures of forts during that period.
(3)  An ivory doll found at Pompeii, an ancient city in Italy, sheds light on Indo-
Roman trade and cultural relations.
(4)  The mention of games, toys and flying and dancing dolls in Kathasaritsagara
give us an idea about cultural history of toys.
  In this way, we come to know about cultural history from toys.

Q. 4.
(1) The serial Bharat Ek Khoj is based on ‘Discovery of India’, a book written by
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
(2)  The serial was directed by Shyam Benegal.
(3) The television serial ‘Bharat Ek Khoj‘ presented social, political and economic
life from ancient to the modern period in India.
(1) It portrayed various aspects of Indian history like Harappan civilisation,
Vedic history and the interpretation of epics like Mahabharata and
Ramayana.
(2) It used the technique of dramatisation effectively to recreate the Mauryan
period and show the impact of Turk-Afghan invasions. The Mughal period
and their contributions which have long-lasting effect on social and cultural
fabric of India is shown. The rise of Bhakti movement, role of Chhatrapati
Shivaji Maharaj in getting swarajya is portrayed.
(3) The last episodes (finale) of the serial narrate social movements and India’s
freedom struggle in modern period.
  Thus, the serial effectively portrayed the journey of India from Harappan
civilisation to the modern period and therefore was admired in all parts of
India.

Q. 5.
(1)  Leopold’s view on ways to write history throws light on his perspective of
history :
(1)  He spoke about the critical method of historical research. He gave importance
to information gathered through original documents.
(2)  He also stated that all types of original documents related to the historical
event should be examined in detail and with great care.
(3)  He believed that with this method it was possible to reach the historical
truth. He was critical of imagination in narration of history.

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(2) History gives us knowledge about the events that happened in past. Applied
history helps us in understanding how the knowledge can be put to use for our
benefit as well as for the benefit of future generations. Applied history is
correlated with our present in the following ways :
(1)  Knowledge of our past helps us in deciding our course of action in present.
The heritage of our ancestors exists in tangible and intangible form. We
have the curiosity to know more about our part because they represent the
creative thoughts and traditions of that period.
(2)  With the help of applied history we can not only come to know about the
heritage but also conserve and preserve it.
(3)  We can be better equipped to face social challenges in the present because
the knowledge of history can provide guidance in finding solutions to
contemporary social issues and incorporate them in the social planning.
(4)  The direction of future development is decided when we rightly analyse our
present with our knowledge of the past acquired through applied history.

(3) Local/Interstate Tourism International Tourism

1.  Travelling within our country 1.  Crossing border and going overseas
is local tourism. means international tourism.

2.  There is no need to seek 2.  Visa is required to travel to a foreign

government’s permission or country. Visa is not granted unless we
paper work. complete all paper work. It is essential
to keep documents with us.
3.  Local tourism is hassle free as 3.  Having no acquaintances with the
the land is known to us. people or land can create challenges.

4.  No need for currency exchange. 4.  Currency exchange is required.

5.  We can make changes in the 5.  Fixed itinerary has to be followed. We
itinerary to suit our cannot make any changes in it.
convenience.
6.  Language, mostly, is not an 6.  Language can be an obstacle. One
obstacle. We can communicate should know the language of that
in our mother tongue or in the country if one wants to interact with
national language. locals or at least be well versed in
English.
7.  We can extend our stay if we 7.  Our stay in a foreign country cannot be
desire to. extended. It has fixed time duration as
long as permission is granted.

( Note : Write any six points.)

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 (4)  Museums and libraries mirror the history of the country and that is the reason
they are very valuable for a nation.
  (1)  Museums and Libraries make it easy for the research scholar to write history.
  (2)  Historical events and life stories of important people reach the masses.
  (3)  People get an idea about past social, political and cultural conditions.
  (4)  A visit to museums increases one’s interest.
  (5)  A change in prejudiced view about history is seen.
  (6)  Information on animals, microorganisms, birds and elements of nature.
  (7)  Museums contribute to the process of gaining and dissemination of
knowledge.
  (8)  Ancient historical sources are preserved.
  (9)  Tourism is promoted.
(10) It creates opportunities for employment.
  Hence it can be said that it is important for a nation to have museums and
libraries as they both are symbols of a nation’s progress and glory.

Q. 6.
(1)  Dowry Prohibition Act created a favourable environment for women to secure
freedom and self-development.
(2)  To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with regard to
food grains Green revolution was initiated.

Q. 7. 
(1)  The above statement is True.
Reasons :
(1)  Sometimes, the representative of Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha or the local self-
government resigns from his/her constituency.
(2)  In some cases, death of the representative occurs.
(3)  In such special situations, the Election Commission has to conduct an
election for a second time. It is called By-elections.

(2)  The above statement is True.

Reasons :
(1)  People organise themselves and start a movement to solve social issues.
(2)  Leaders and activists provide all the information regarding those issues to
the government.
(3)  The government takes notice of the problems because of the movement.
(4)  Some movements aim at opposing some policies of the government and
certain decisions. This is the most recognised method of protest in democracy.
  Hence, movements have great importance in democracy.

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 (3)  The above statement is True.
Reasons :
(1)  A country like India has diversity of government language, region and
culture. This diversity creates affinity towards a region.
(2)  This affinity gives rise to excessive regional pride and initiating movements
to save it. The significance of such movements is claimed to be for preserving
culture.
(3)  Asserting to be rightful claimant of material resources, job opportunities
and development of the region these movements strengthen the regional
pride.
(4)  Thus, this excessive regional pride turns morbid taking the form of
regionalism.

Q. 8. (A)

(1)  Rights Based Approach :

(1)  India adopted democracy after independence. Each government which came
to power took efforts to make the democratisation process more profound.
(2)  In the initial stages, these governments considered citizens as ‘beneficiaries’.
(3)  After the year 2000, the approach towards citizens changed. Democratic
reforms were considered as ‘rights’ of citizens.
(4)  Hence, the Right to Information, Education and Food Security was granted
not as beneficiaries but as rights of the citizens.
  This approach is known as Rights Based Approach.

(2)  Worker Movement :

(1)  Industries in public and private sector like textile mills, railway companies
started in India in the latter part of the nineteenth century.
(2)  Due to industrialisation, a large number of labour force came into existence.
(3)  This led to lot of labour issues. In 1920, All India Trade Union Congress was
established to solve their problems.
(4)  M
 any unions were formed after independence. The Trade Union Movement
was very effective from 1960 till 1980s. After 1980s trade union movement
lost its momentum and slowly disintegrated. Globalization gave a final blow
to the movement.

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Q. 8. (B)
(1)
Establishment of constituencies

Finalising voter’s list

Nomination of candidates and scrutiny of their

nomination forms

Election campaign

Actual counting

Counting of votes

Results of election

Resolution of disputes regarding elections

(2) 
Shiv Sena

Bahujan Vikas Aghadi
Regional Parties
Republican Party of India
in Maharashtra
Samajwadi Party

Maharashtra Navnirman Sena

Q. 9.

(1)  The functions of the Election Commission are : 

(1)  Prepare the voters’ list.
(2)  Decide election timetable and decide the entire process of holding
elections.
(3)  Scrutinize the applications of the candidates.
(4)  Conduct free and fair elections and do all the work related to it.
(5)  Give recognition and also de-recognize political parties.
(6)  Resolve all the disputes and complaints regarding elections.

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(2)  (1)  The Indian farmers organised themselves in pre-independence era to fight
against the anti-agricultural policies of the colonial British rulers.
(2)  The farmers were inspired by the thoughts of Mahatma Phule, Justice
Ranade and Mahatma Gandhi. They organised satyagraha against revenue
collection in Bardoli and Champaranya.
(3)  Farmers’ movement slowed down because of tenancy laws under land
reforms. Green revolution failed to improve conditions of the poor farmers.
(4)  Farmers’ movement gained momentum with demands like, appropriate
price for agricultural products, debt relief and debt cancellation after
recommendations from Swaminathan Commission.

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