Volume 7, Issue 1, January – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

The Effect of High Mercu on Water Jump on Type

Vlughter (Laboratory Test)
Ratna Musa Dwi June Putri Lestari Syarifah Nur Fauziah Trifandy M.W
Lecturer, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Great Hall of the Pompengan
Universitas Muslim Indonesia Universitas Muslim Indonesia Universitas Muslim Indonesia Jenneberang River Region
Makassar, Indonesia Makassar, Indonesia Makassar, Indonesia Makassar, Indonesia

Abstrac:- Hydraulic jumps are used as energy dampers by the height of the hydraulic jump, which occurs in the flow.
that cover part or all of the pool called the olak pool. The Broadly speaking there are several models of olak ponds that
study of this can be done through a study of the flow in can be used as energy reducers in weir, including Bucket type
small open channels that pass through the shedding with olak ponds, Schoklitch, USBR and Vlughter. Broadly
a model of vlughter type of abundant building. The speaking there are several models of olak ponds that can be
purpose of this study is to find out the different influences used as energy reducers in weir, including Bucket type olak
of upstream and downstream height on the length of the ponds, Schoklitch, USBR and Vlughter.
water jumping pool in vlughter type buildings with
variations in discharge and to find out the effect of Energy damper planning (olak pond) is indispensable to
changes in the height of the olak pond on the length of the meet the desired requirements or specifications and adapted
water jumping pool in vlughter type buildings with a fixed to the circumstances and behavior of the flow that occurs. An
discharge. The different influence of height in the assessment of this can be done through a study of the flow in
temperature and downstream on the length of the spring a small open channel that passes through the overflow with a
jumping pool is influenced by the varying height of the Vlughter type overflow building model.
lighthouse. The results of the study for the length of the
water jumping pool at the lighthouse 0.08 m discharge The purpose of this research related to the problems that
0.0015 m3 / etc. obtained 1.19 m while for theoretical at a have been formulated before is as follows:
discharge of 0.0015 m3 / stk lighthouse 0.08 m obtained  knowing the influence of high difference between
0.2203 m shows the difference between research in the upstream and downstream to the length of the jumping
laboratory with the calculation in theory this is due to the pool on the wake of the type vlughter pelimpah with
absence of endsill in the olak pool in the laboratory then variations in discharge.
the length of the water loncar pool that occurs very far.  valuate how the effect of changes in the height of the olak
pond mercu to the length of the jumping pool on the
Keywords:- High of Lighthouse, Pool of Olak Vlughter, building of the type vlughter pelimpah with variations in
Water Jumping Pool. discharge.

I. BACKGROUND II. THEORETICAL STUDIES

Flow dams will cause a difference in water level A. Weir

elevation between upstream and downstream weir is quite According to [3], Weir is a building placed across the
large, resulting in a plunge and a considerable change in river, and is useful for regulating the flow of the river. Based
energy when the water passes through the weir lighthouse. As on its function weir can be classified in flooding weir, no
a result the flow will experience a normal shock or hydraulic water retaining weir and eavesdropper weir. In addition
jump that is a flow that undergoes a supercritical flow change depending on its construction weir can be classified in fixed
to subcritical [1] in [2]. The free-falling water in the overflow weir and weir motion. Type is weir remains made across the
will move slowly until it becomes a supercritical flow, river to produce a minimum water elevation so that the water
resulting in the formation of hydraulic jumps downstream, can be avoided and weir motion can be used to regulate the
hydraulic jumps are changes in flow type from super critical height and discharge of river water with the opening of the
to subcritical. Hydraulic jumps are used as energy dampers doors contained in the weir.
covering part or the entire pond called the olak pond.
B. Lighthouse
The olak pond is a construction that serves as an energy There are two types of lighthouses that are commonly
reducer contained in the flow by utilizing hydraulic jumps used, namely the ogee type and the round type as shown in
from a high-speed flow. The olak pool is largely determined Figure 1

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Volume 7, Issue 1, January – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 1:- Shape of weir lighthouse, Source [4]

C. Jump Water jumping. In open channels jump water can be observed when
The theory of hydraulic stepping began to be developed water passes through measuring buildings. Water jumping
and applied in most channels in the field of civil engineering occurs due to the influence of flow speed that affects the
water as an energy reducer in preventing the erosion of length of water jump as well as high water jump. If the type
downstream weir structures where there is a supercritical of flow in the turbulent channel changes from supercrititcal
flow [5]. Water jumping is a change of flow from a to subcritical, water jumps will occur. As in figure 2 below.
supercritical flow to a subcritical flow that causes water

Fig 2:- Water jump, Source [6]

Which shows the elongated look of the channel with the

slope changing from a steep slope to a ramp. The upstream 𝑦2 1
𝑦1
= 2 (√1 + 8𝑓𝑟12 − 1) (2)
flow is subcritical while the downstream flow is supercritical,
between the two types of flows there is a transition area. With:
𝑉1
A hydraulic jump will form on the channel, if the froude 𝐹𝑟 = (3)
√𝑔 𝑦1
number of flow F1, the depth of flow y1, and the depth
downstream of y2, fulfill the following equation: Information:
y2 = Water depth above the tip threshold, (m)
1
𝑉1 = √2 𝑔(2 ℎ1 + 𝑧 ) (1) y1 = The initial depth of the water jump, (m)
Fr = Froude Numbers
v1 = Jump start speed, (m/s )
Information: g = Acceleration of gravity, (m/s2)
v1 = Jump start speed, (m/s)
g = Acceleration of gravity, (m/s2) (= 9,8)
H1 = High energy above the threshold,(m)
z = High fall, (m)

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Volume 7, Issue 1, January – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
D. Pool Lenght Information:
The length of the water jump pool behind the U piece Lj = Length of Olak Pond, (m)
(figure 3) is usually less than the free length of the jump there n = Tip threshold height, (m)
is an endsill. The threshold that serves to solidify this flow is y2 = Water depth above the threshold, (m) behind the U.
generally placed at a distance. [7] in [4] Piece of Height required this tip threshold as a function of
froude number (Fr), the depth of water entering yu, and the
𝐿𝑗 = 5 (𝑛 + 𝑦2 ) (4) height of downstream water level.

Fig 3:- Water jump parameters

The hydrolyzed form of this pond will be influenced by water level (Z). For the calculation of vlughter type energy
the high energy upstream above the lighthouse (He), and the reducer dimensions using the formula as shown in figure 4.
difference in energy upstream with the downstream flood

Fig 4:- Olak pond according to Vlughter

Information: III. RESEARCH METHODS

Hc = critical water level, (m)
R = radius of the pool, with the center in parallel to the The research was conducted in the Hydraulic
elevation of the lighthouse, (m) Laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering, Civil Department
D = the depth of the pond is measured from the top of the of the Muslim University of Indonesia. This study uses
lighthouse to the surface of the pond, (m) laboratory research methods that include observation or
a = end sill measurement of the length of hydraulic jump and the depth
t = downstream water depth, (m) of the olak pond against the discharge of Vlughter type by
z = height difference, (m) using a variety of discharges in the open channel. Tools and
L= pool length measured from intersection of slope and materials used in supporting this research consist of: 1).
Horizontal, (m) Channels open; 2). Overflow type vlughter (0,080 m, 0,100
m, 0,120 m); 3). Silicon glue as an adhesive tool; 4). Current
meter to measure flow speed; 5). The ball is a way to measure

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Volume 7, Issue 1, January – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
speed; 6). Ruler to measure the water level; 7). Stopwatch To
measure the time used on discharge flow; and 8). Medium
pertition

Fig 5:- Three kinds of shape of weir lighthouse

IV. RESULT OF RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION

0.16
0.14
0.12
Water level (m)

0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
View point distance (m)

Q 0.0015 m³/sec Q 0.0020 m³/sec Q 0.0025 m³/sec Q 0.0030 m³/sec

Fig 6:- Graph of the relationship between the height of the water level and the review distance at a height of 0.080 m against the
variation in discharge.

0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
Water level (m)

0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
View point distance (m)
Q 0.0015 m³/sec Q 0.0020 m³/sec Q 0.0025 m³/sec Q 0.0030 m³/sec

Fig 7:- Graph of the relationship between the height of the water level and the review distance at a height of 0.100 m against the
variation in discharge.

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Volume 7, Issue 1, January – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

0.21
0.19
0.17
0.15
0.13
Water level (m)

0.11
0.09
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50
View point distance (m)
Q 0.0015 m³/sec Q 0.0020 m³/sec Q 0.0025 m³/sec Q 0.0030 m³/sec
Fig 8:- Graph of the relationship between the height of the water level dihulu with the review distance at a height of 0.120 m
against the variation of discharge.
A. Height Difference
The difference in water level upstream and downstream against hydraulic jump can be seen in Table 1 with discharge of
0.0015m3/s, 0.0020 m3/s, 0.0025m3/s, and 0.0030m3/s.

Debit Height of the lighthouse H upstream H downstream Z

No (m)
(m3/sec) (m) (m) (m)
1 0.0015 0.080 0.1250 0.1057 0.0193
2 0.0020 0.1414 0.1264 0.0150
3 0.0025 0.1504 0.1375 0.0129
4 0.0030 0.1540 0.1420 0.0120
5 0.0015 0.100 0.1455 0.1233 0.0232
6 0.0020 0.1591 0.1385 0.0206
7 0.0025 0.1633 0.1423 0.0178
8 0.0030 0.1685 0.1517 0.0168
9 0.0015 0.120 0.1686 0.1354 0.0332
10 0.0020 0.1772 0.1471 0.0301
11 0.0025 0.1885 0.1622 0.0263
12 0.0030 0.2036 0.1796 0.0240

Table 1:- Table Result Qstatistic & Q arithmetic in 2009-2019

Based on Figures 6, 7, and 8, and also Table 1 shows an in 0.117 m and at the highest discharge of 0.0030m3/s
increase in the flow height at 0.08 m with a discharge of producing 0.128 m.
0.0015 m3/s resulting in 0.073 m and at the highest discharge
of 0.0030 m3/s resulting in 0.077 m, and at a high of 0.100 m B. Water Jumping Pool
with a discharge of 0.0015 m3/s resulting in 0.098 m and at Calculations for water jumping ponds for high inland
the highest discharge of 0.0030 m3/s producing 0.102 m, and 0.080 m, 0.100 m, and 0.120 m for various variations of
at a high of 0.120 m with a discharge of 0.0015 m3/s resulting discharge can be seen in Table 2 as follows.

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Volume 7, Issue 1, January – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Q Height of the lighthouse V1 Y2
No. Fr Information
(m3/s) (m) (m/s) (m)
1 0.0015 0.906 2.361 0.0431 super critical
2 super critical
0.0020 0.947 2.319 0.0479
0.080
3 super critical
0.0025 0.971 2.193 0.0528
4 super critical
0.0030 0.980 1.980 0.0586
5 super critical
0.0015 0.955 2.272 0.0495
6 super critical
0.0020 0.992 2.239 0.0541
0.100
7 super critical
0.0025 0.985 2.120 0.0559
8 super critical
0.0030 1.001 1.945 0.0620
9 super critical
0.0015 1.062 2.460 0.0573
10 super critical
0.0020 1.073 2.310 0.0617
0.120
11 super critical
0.0025 1.090 2.246 0.0652
12 super critical
0.0030 1.136 2.130 0.0741
Table 2:- Water jumping pool calculation

Based on Table 2 shows that the fr value that occurs is caused by the flow speed and high ingesti. The lowest Froude value
can be seen at 0.0030 m3/s discharge and 0.080 m high of 1,980 m and froude's highest value can be seen at 0.0015 m 3/s discharge
and 0.12 m high of 2,460

Q Height of the lighthouse Z Hc Z/Hc t a D=R=L

No
(m3/s) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)

1 0.0015 0.0193 0.0061 3.2 0.1057 0.000960 0.0800

2 0.0020 0.080 0.0150 0.0082 1.8 0.1264 0.001698 0.0800
3 0.0025 0.0129 0.0102 1.3 0.1375 0.002540 0.0800
4 0.0030 0.0120 0.0123 1.0 0.142 0.003487 0.0800
5 0.0015 0.0232 0.0061 3.8 0.1233 0.000876 0.1000
6 0.0020 0.0206 0.0082 2.5 0.1385 0.001449 0.1000
0.100
7 0.0025 0.0178 0.0102 1.7 0.1455 0.002163 0.1000
8 0.0030 0.0168 0.0123 1.4 0.1517 0.002947 0.1000
9 0.0015 0.0332 0.0061 5.4 0.1354 0.000732 0.1200
10 0.0020 0.0301 0.0082 3.7 0.1471 0.001198 0.1200
0.120
11 0.0025 0.0263 0.0102 2.6 0.1622 0.001779 0.1200
12 0.0030 0.0240 0.0123 2.0 0.1796 0.002466 0.1200
Table 3:- Calculation of olak pond type vlughter

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Based on Table 3 shows that the value of olak pool at the height of the lighthouse 0,080 m, 0,100 m, and 0,120 m for the debit
varies is the same.

Height of the Lj Lj
Q a Y2
No lighthouse Theoretical Laboratory
(m3/s) (m) (m)
(m) (m) (m)
1 0.0015 0.080 0.000960 0.0431 0.2203 1.19
2 0.0020 0.001698 0.0479 0.2480 1.61
3 0.0025 0.002540 0.0528 0.2767 1.68
4 0.0030 0.003487 0.0586 0.3104 1.74
5 0.0015 0.100 0.000876 0.0495 0.2519 1.60
6 0.0020 0.001449 0.0541 0.2777 2.00
7 0.0025 0.002163 0.0559 0.2903 2.21
8 0.0030 0.002947 0.0620 0.3247 2.29
9 0.0015 0.120 0.000732 0.0573 0.2902 1.96
10 0.0020 0.001198 0.0617 0.3145 2.23
11 0.0025 0.001779 0.0652 0.3349 2.43
12 0.0030 0.002466 0.0741 0.3828 2.54
Table 4:- Calculation of the length of the water jumping pool

Based on Table 4 shows the length of the lowest water REFERENCES

jumping pool can be seen at the discharge of 0.0015 m3/s and
the height of 0.08 m which is 2.29 m and the length of the [1]. Frank, M. W, Fluid Mechanics Volume 2, Erlangga,
highest water jumping pool is at the discharge of 0.0030 m3/s Jakarta, 1991
and the height of 0.120 m which is 3.54 m, while at the length [2]. Fitriana, N. (2014). Scour Analysis Downstream of The
of the water jumping pool theoretically the lowest can be seen Vlughter Type Weir (Model Test in The Laboratory).
at the discharge of 0.0015 m3/s and the height of 0.080 m Final Task. Sriwijaya University. Palembang.
which is 0.377 m and the length of the highest water jumping [3]. Chow, V. T., 1959, Open Line Hydraulics, Erlangga,
pool is at the discharge of 0.0030 m3/s and the height of 0.120 Jakarta.
m is 0.640 m. [4]. Directorate General of Irrigation. 1986 Standard
Irrigation Planning Main Building Planning Criteria (
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[5]. Chow, Ven Te. 1985. Translation of Suyatman,
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 The influence of high differences in the head and [6]. Henderson. F.M, 1966, Open Channel Flow, Collier
downstream on the length of the water jump pool is Macmillan Publishers, London
influenced by the height of the weir that varies with the [7]. J. W. Forster and R. A Skirde. “Control of the Hydraulic
change in discharge where the higher the rake and the Jump by Sills.” Trans. Am. Soc. Civil Engrs., Vol. 115
greater the flow discharge, the longer the pool of water (1950), p. 973, with discussion by E.-Y. Hsu, p. 988
that occurs and the value of the difference in the height of
upstream and downstream the smaller it is caused by the
form of a cross-section of channels and a fixed slope
 The results of the study for the length of the water jump
pool at the lighthouse 0.08 m discharge 0.0015m3/s
obtained 1.19 m while for theoretical at discharge 0.0015
m3/s mercu 0.08 m obtained 0.2203 m shows the
difference between research in the laboratory and the
calculation of theory this is due to the absence of end sill
in the olak pond in the laboratory then the length of the
pool of water that occurs very far.

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