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Lecture-4 - Crystal Systems and Bravais Lattices

There is no body-centred monoclinic Bravais lattice because in a monoclinic system, the lattice vectors a, b, and c are not all equal in length and the angles between them are not necessarily 90°. For a body-centered lattice, the lattice vectors must be equal in length and the angles between them must be 90° or 120°, which is not possible in the monoclinic system. A face-centred cubic lattice cannot be considered a body-centred tetragonal lattice because in a body-centred tetragonal lattice, the lattice would have a body centre atom but the faces of the unit cell would be empty. A face-centred cubic lattice has atoms at the corners and centres of each face

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87 views

Lecture-4 - Crystal Systems and Bravais Lattices

There is no body-centred monoclinic Bravais lattice because in a monoclinic system, the lattice vectors a, b, and c are not all equal in length and the angles between them are not necessarily 90°. For a body-centered lattice, the lattice vectors must be equal in length and the angles between them must be 90° or 120°, which is not possible in the monoclinic system. A face-centred cubic lattice cannot be considered a body-centred tetragonal lattice because in a body-centred tetragonal lattice, the lattice would have a body centre atom but the faces of the unit cell would be empty. A face-centred cubic lattice has atoms at the corners and centres of each face

Uploaded by

Sibasish Rout
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MLL 100

Introduction to
Materials Science and Engineering
Lecture-4

Dr. Sangeeta Santra ([email protected])

IIT Delhi
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
January 11, 2022
What we learnt in Lecture-3?

Primitive and non-primitive unit cell

Lattice point calculation per unit cell (2-D)

2-D lattices

Plane groups
Algorithm for plane group determination

1) What is the rotation axis of highest order?

2) Is mirror plane present?

3) Is glide plane (g) present which does not


result from any combination of rotation,
translation and reflection?

4) Is any rotation axis of arbitrary order (not


necessarily the one with the highest
5) order) present but not on a mirror?

6) Is rotation axis of any order present on a


mirror?
Crystal
Homogeneous, anisotropic solid states, whose building blocks are three-dimensional periodically ordered

krystallos

Homogeneous: Uniform chemical composition

Milk Horlicks Milk with honey Quartz


Anisotropy
• Directional dependent properties

Application of pressure along different directions


Importance of crystal systems
Unit cell: Smallest unit which builds up the entire crystal by repeating
translations along all three spatial directions
Crystal systems
Triclinic Monoclinic Orthorhombic
a ≠ b ≠ c; α ≠ β ≠ γ a ≠ b ≠ c; α = γ = 90° ≠ β a ≠ b ≠ c; α = β = γ = 90°

Trigonal Hexagonal
Cubic
a = b = c; α = β = γ ≠ 90° a = b ≠ c; α = β = 90°; γ = 120° a = b = c; α = β = γ = 90°
Tetragonal
a = b ≠ c; α = β = γ = 90°
How many atoms per unit cell in a conventional cell?
Three
Marroquin pattern
• Unit cell as small as possible -----> Lattice vectors as short as possible.
• Unit cell should reflect the symmetry of the lattice -----> Lattice vectors should run parallel to symmetry axes
or perpendicular to planes of symmetry.
• Lattice vectors should be orthogonal (or hexagonal) -----> Enclose an angle of 90° (or 120°)
14 Bravais lattices
Simple Cubic (P) Body centred Cubic (I) Face centred Cubic (F) End centred Cubic

(Atoms located only at the (Atoms located at the corners (Atoms located at the corners (Atoms located at the corners and one
corners of the unit cell) and centre of the unit cell) and faces of the unit cell) of the opposite faces of the unit cell)

Why is there no end-centred cubic unit cell?

End-centred cubic ~ Primitive Tetragonal


❑ Why is there no body-centred monoclinic Bravais lattice?

❑ Why can not a face centred cubic lattice be considered a body-centred


tetragonal lattice?

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