BTEC Level 3 Unit 1 Past Paper Questions:Calculations: RFM, RAM, Moles,

Concentration, Balancing equations, Finding Masses (from equations), % Yield

Relative Formula Mass
Q1. Manganese, Mn, is a metal.
It has a metallic structure.

KMnO4 is a useful compound of manganese.

Calculate the relative formula mass for KMnO4.

(2)

relative formula mass = ...........................................................

 (Total for question = 2 marks)

 Q2. Ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are used in fertilisers.

Calculate the relative formula mass of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl.

(2)

relative formula mass = ...........................................................

 (Total for question = 2 marks)

 Q3. Iron is extracted from iron oxide in a blast furnace.

The balanced equation for the reaction is

Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2

Calculate the relative formula mass of iron oxide.

Show your working.

 Relative formula mass = ...........................................................

 (Total for question = 2 marks)

Q4. The table shows some data about three compounds.

Calculate the relative molecular mass for ethanol.

Show your working.

Relative molecular mass = ...........................................................

 (Total for question = 2 marks)

 Q5. Magnesium chloride, MgCl2, is an important industrial chemical.
It can be made by reacting magnesium with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Calculate the relative molecular mass for magnesium chloride.
Show your working.

...........................................................

 (Total for question = 2 marks)

Balancing equations

 Q6.  Ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are used in fertilisers.

Ammonia reacts with sulfuric acid to form ammonium sulfate.

Complete and balance the equation for this reaction.

(2)
..................NH3 + ................................... → (NH4)2SO4
  (Total for question = 2 marks)

 Q7.  Hydrogen (H2) is a simple covalent molecule.

Hydrogen reacts with fluorine to form hydrogen fluoride gas (HF).

Complete the balanced equation, including state symbols for the reaction.
(3)

 (Total for question = 3 marks)

 Q8. Magnesium sulfate is an ionic compound.

Magnesium reacts with sulfuric acid to form magnesium sulfate and hydrogen.

Complete the equation for this reaction.

(2)

 (Total for question = 2 marks)

 Q9.  Industrial chemists have to understand the chemistry of oxides.

For example, silicon dioxide is used in glass making and carbon monoxide is used in the extraction of iron
from iron ore.

(i)  Explain how burning carbon in air can lead to the formation of carbon monoxide. (2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii)  Write the balanced equation for the reaction between silicon and oxygen.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

 (Total for question = 4 marks)

 Q10. Silver bromide, AgBr, is an important chemical in the manufacture of photographic film.

Potassium bromide reacts with silver nitrate, AgNO3, to form silver bromide.

Write the balanced equation for the reaction of potassium bromide with silver nitrate.

.............................................................................................................................................

 (Total for question = 2 marks)

Moles
 Q11. Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change your mind
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
Sodium sulfate is an ionic compound.
Sodium hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid to form sodium sulfate.
The equation for this reaction is:

(i)  Calculate the number of moles in 2.842 g of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4.

(relative formula mass of Na2SO4 = 142.1)
(1)

number of moles = ...........................................................

(ii)  Calculate, using your answer to (i), the minimum mass of sodium hydroxide needed to form 2.842 g of
sodium sulfate.
(relative formula mass of NaOH = 40.0)
If you did not get an answer for (i), use the value 0.025 for the number of moles.
(3)

minimum mass of sodium hydroxide = ............................................g

(iii)  A learner reacted sodium hydroxide with sulfuric acid.

The reaction produced a mass of 1.700 g of sodium sulfate.
The learner expected a mass of 2.842 g of sodium sulfate to be produced.
Identify the percentage yield for the learner's reaction.
(1)
   A    1.67%
   B    4.83%
   C    45.42%
   D    59.82%

 
(Total for question = 5 marks)
 
Q12. Magnesium chloride, MgCl2, is an important industrial chemical.
It can be made by reacting magnesium with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid in 50 cm3 of 0.2 M hydrochloric acid.

Show your working.

........................................................... moles

 (Total for question = 3 marks)

 Q13. Magnesium sulfate is an ionic compound.

(i)  A learner is given 6.02 g of magnesium sulfate.

Calculate the number of moles of magnesium sulfate.
(relative formula mass of MgSO4 = 120.4)
(1)

number of moles = ...........................................................

Molar Concentration

(ii)  The learner dissolves the magnesium sulfate in distilled water to make 500 cm3 of solution.
Calculate, using your answer to (c)(i), the molar concentration of this magnesium sulfate solution.
If you did not get an answer for (c)(i), use the value 0.04 for the number of moles.
Show your working.
(3)

molar concentration = ........................................................... mol dm -3

 
(Total for question = 4 marks)
 Q14. Potassium iodide, KI, is an ionic compound.
(i)  Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the bonding in potassium iodide.
Show the outer electrons only.
(3)

(ii)  Potassium iodide is soluble in water.

A student dissolves 16.6 g of potassium iodide in distilled water and makes the volume of the solution
up to 500 cm3.
Calculate the molar concentration of the solution produced.
(relative formula mass of potassium iodide = 166)
Show your working.
(4)

Concentration = ........................................................... mol dm −3

 (Total for question = 7 marks)

 Finding Masses (from equations)

Q15. Ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are used in fertilisers.

Ammonia reacts with nitric acid to make ammonium nitrate.

NH3 + HNO3 → NH4NO3

Calculate the mass of ammonia required to make 5.0 g of ammonium nitrate.

relative formula mass of NH3 = 17

relative formula mass of NH4NO3 = 80

(3)

mass of ammonia ........................................................... g

  (Total for question = 3 marks)

 
Q16. Calcium is a metal.
Word equations for two reactions of calcium are shown.

The equation for the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with calcium is

Ca + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2

Calculate the maximum mass of calcium chloride produced by reacting 8.02 grams of calcium with excess
hydrochloric acid.

relative atomic mass: Ca = 40.1

relative formula mass: CaCl2 = 111.1

Show your working. (3)

Maximum mass = ........................................................... g

 (Total for question = 3 marks)

Working out Relative Atomic Mass

 Q17. Figure 1 shows a molecule of the covalent compound tetrachloromethane.

A sample of chlorine contains 80% chlorine-35 and 20% chlorine-37.

Calculate the relative atomic mass of this sample of chlorine.
Show your working. (2)

relative atomic mass = ...........................................................

 (Total for question = 2 marks)

 Q18. Table salt contains sodium chloride.
Sodium chloride can be prepared by reacting chlorine with sodium.
(i)  Describe how a chlorine atom forms a chloride ion, Cl−.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

Percentage Yield
(ii)  Sodium reacts with chlorine to form sodium chloride.
      The balanced equation for the reaction is
2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
      In an experiment, 4.6 g of sodium was reacted with chlorine.
      The actual yield of the experiment was 7.5 g.
      Calculate the percentage yield.
      (relative formula mass of sodium chloride = 58.5)
      Show your working. (4)

Percentage yield = ........................................................... %

 (Total for question = 6 marks)

 Q19.  Oxygen exists as the molecule O2 in the Earth's atmosphere and is needed for combustion.
A student burns magnesium in air to produce 1.40 g of magnesium oxide.
The theoretical yield of magnesium oxide for the experiment is 2.00 g.
(i)  Calculate the percentage yield for the student's experiment.
(2)
 percentage yield = ........................................................... %

(ii)  Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.

2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
2.43 g of magnesium was burned.
Calculate the theoretical yield of magnesium oxide. (3)

theoretical yield of magnesium oxide = ........................................................... g

 (Total for question = 5 marks)