QUESTION

Figure 1 shows the structural key plan for the ground floor of a single-storey house. The type of
foundation used for the building is pad footing.

Design data:

Concrete characteristic strength for pad footing 30 N/mm2

Concrete characteristic strength for column 30 N/mm2
Concrete characteristic strength for slab and beam 30 N/mm2
Concrete cover to longitudinal bar for column 30 mm
Concrete cover to longitudinal bar for pad footing 40 mm
Concrete cover to longitudinal bar for beam 30 mm
Concrete cover to longitudinal bar for slab 30 mm
All slab thickness for ground floor 125 mm
Characteristic strength of shear and moment reinforcements 500 N/mm2
Size of all beams 200mm x 450mm
Unit weight of concrete 25 kN/m3
Area density of brickwall 3.0 kN/m2
Height of brickwall 3.1 m
Variable action for all slabs 2 kN/m2
Finishes for all slabs 1.5 kN/m2
Column clear height 3.1 m
Column size 200mm x 200mm
Height of stump 2m
Moment at stump face 0 kNm
Soil bearing pressure 100 kN/m2

Brickwalls are located at full length of ground beams 1/A-E, 2/A-E, 3/A-B, 3/C-E, 4/A-C, A/1-4,
A1/2-3, B/2-4, C/1-4, D/1-3 and E/1-3.
Figure 1: Ground floor structural key plan
Answer all questions below and submit all software outputs.

1. Design slab GS1 using software. Identify all critical moments at midspan and
continuous edges for both x and y axes. Take the edge 3/A-B as discontinuous. Use bar
diameter 10 mm for both top and bottom reinforcements at both directions. Find the
moment reinforcements for the slab to cater for each critical moment of the slab. Use
Poisson’s ratio 0.2 for concrete, and ε-time factor = 2.
a) Provide a sketch of critical moments for slab GS1.
b) List the required area of moment reinforcements for each critical moment in 1(a).
c) If H10-300 is to be provided for both short-span and long-span directions at midspan
and continuous edges, check if the provided reinforcement is adequate to take all
critical moments in 1(a).
d) Save your output in pdf format and include all inputs, moments, reinforcements and
text outputs of the slab. Name your output as slab GS1.pdf.

2. Design slab GS2 using software. Identify all critical moments at midspan and
continuous edges for both x and y axes. Use bar diameter 10 mm for both top and
bottom reinforcements at both directions. Find the moment reinforcements for the slab
to cater for each critical moment of the slab. Use Poisson’s ratio 0.2 for concrete, and ε-
time factor = 2.
a) Provide a sketch of critical moments for slab GS2.
b) List the required area of moment reinforcements for each critical moment in 1(a).
c) If H10-300 is to be provided for both short-span and long-span directions at midspan
and continuous edges, check if the provided reinforcement is adequate to take all
critical moments in 1(a).
d) Save your output in pdf format and include all inputs, moments, reinforcements and
text outputs of the slab. Name your output as slab GS2.pdf.

3. Identify all permanent and variable actions for beam GB1. Identify all critical moments
and shear forces for beam GB1. Taking beff of the flange as 350 mm for both spans 4/A-
B and 4/B-C, design all moment and shear reinforcements for the beam. Use moment
reinforcement diameter as 20 mm, and shear reinforcement diameter as 8 mm to
calculate effective depth. Choose downward redistribution, 0% redistribution, 25% live
load permanent, creep coefficient = 2, free shrinkage strain = 300x10-6 and eurocode
shear 2.5.
a) Sketch the beam GB1 with the permanent and variable actions on each span.
b) Sketch the moment diagram with critical moment values for the beam.
c) Sketch the shear force diagram with critical shear forces for the beam.
d) List the moment reinforcements for each critical moment in 2(b)
e) List the shear reinforcements for each span of the beam.
f) Generate bending schedule and save input tables, input sketches, moment, shear &
deflection graphs, output file, reinforcing tables, reinforcing diagrams and reinforcing
graphs in pdf format. Name the file as beam GB1.pdf.
 350

200

GB1 beam section

g) If span B/3-4 of GB7 is removed, find the new permanent and variable actions on
GB1, and evaluate whether your proposed moment reinforcements in 2(d) are still
adequate to cater for the change. Take edge 3/A-C as continuous edge. Save all new
input tables, input sketches, moment, shear & deflection graphs, output file, reinforcing
tables, reinforcing diagrams and reinforcing graphs in pdf format. Name the file as new
GB1.pdf.

4. Identify all permanent and variable actions for beam GB10. Identify all critical
moments and shear forces for beam GB10. Taking beff of the flange as 380 mm for span
E/1-2 and 350 mm for span E/1-3, design all moment and shear reinforcements for the
beam. Use moment reinforcement diameter as 20 mm, and shear reinforcement
diameter as 8 mm. Choose downward redistribution, 0% redistribution, 25% live load
permanent, creep coefficient = 2, free shrinkage strain = 300x10-6 and eurocode shear
2.5.
a) Sketch the beam GB10 with the permanent and variable actions on each span.
b) Sketch the moment diagram with critical moment values for the beam.
c) Sketch the shear force diagram with critical shear forces for the beam.
d) List the moment reinforcements for each critical moment in 3(b)
e) List the shear reinforcements for each span of the beam.
f) Generate bending schedule and save input tables, input sketches, moment, shear &
deflection graphs, output file, reinforcing tables, reinforcing diagrams and reinforcing
graphs in pdf format. Name the file as beam GB10.pdf.

380 350

200 200

GB10 beam sections at span E/1-2 and E/1-3

5. Identify all permanent and variable actions for beam GB9. Identify all critical moments
and shear forces for beam GB9. Taking beff of the flange as 550 mm for both span D/1-2
and span D/2-3, design all moment and shear reinforcements for the beam. Use
moment reinforcement diameter as 20 mm, and shear reinforcement diameter as 8 mm.
Choose downward redistribution, 0% redistribution, 25% live load permanent, creep
coefficient = 2, free shrinkage strain = 300x10-6 and eurocode shear 2.5.
a) Sketch the beam GB9 with the permanent and variable actions on each span.
b) Sketch the moment diagram with critical moment values for the beam.
c) Sketch the shear force diagram with critical shear forces for the beam.
d) List the moment reinforcements for each critical moment in 3(b)
e) List the shear reinforcements for each span of the beam.
f) Generate bending schedule and save input tables, input sketches, moment, shear &
deflection graphs, output file, reinforcing tables, reinforcing diagrams and reinforcing
graphs in pdf format. Name the file as beam GB9.pdf.

200 150

200
GB9 beam section

6. Identify the longitudinal reinforcements for the braced column at grid 2/B from roof to
ground floor. Use diameter of longitudinal reinforcement 16 mm and transverse
reinforcement 8 mm. The column carries characteristic permanent action of 150 kN and
variable load of 60 kN. The column is fully fixed at top and bottom of column. The
column is braced about both x-x and y-y axes. Use building inclination = 0 rad. The
column ultimate limit state design moments are shown in Figure 2.
28 kNm
22 kNm

13 kNm
12 kNm

Mxx Myy
Figure 2
a) If 4H16 is suggested as longitudinal reinforcement of the column, check if the
provided reinforcement is adequate to resist the axial force and bending moments. If the
suggested reinforcement is not adequate, propose suitable longitudinal reinforcement.
b) Save your output in pdf format and include data file, input tables, design calculations,
tabular summary of design results and column design charts. Name your output as
column.pdf.
c) Generate bending schedule using your answer in 3(a) and save as pdf. Name your
file as column bending schedule.pdf.

7. Identify the longitudinal reinforcements for the pad footing at grid 1/A. Use diameter
of bending reinforcement 10 mm. The pad footing size is 1.5m x 1.5m with a depth of
300 mm. The pad footing carries characteristic permanent action of 300 kN and variable
load of 100 kN from the column above it. Use size aggregate 20mm, density of soil 18
kN/m3.
a) Design the bending reinforcements for the pad footing, that is adequate in terms of
bending, vertical shear and punching shear.
d) Save your file as footing.xls.

8. Identify all permanent and variable actions for beam GB3. Identify all critical moments
and shear forces for beam GB3. Taking beff of the flange as 300 mm, design all moment
and shear reinforcements for the beam. Use moment reinforcement diameter as 20 mm,
and shear reinforcement diameter as 8 mm. Choose downward redistribution, 0%
redistribution, 25% live load permanent, creep coefficient = 2, free shrinkage strain =
300x10-6 and eurocode shear 2.5. Take all supports to be pin supports.

Slab Characteristic shear force of slab

GS2 Vsx at discontinuous edge
gk = 4.2 kN/m
qk = 1.8 kN/m

GS3 Vsx at discontinuous edge

gk = 5.2 kN/m
qk = 2.2 kN/m

Vsx at continuous edge

gk = 7.8 kN/m
qk = 3.4 kN/m

Vsy at continuous edge

gk = 5.3 kN/m
qk = 2.3 kN/m

a) Sketch the beam loading diagram for GB3 with the permanent and variable actions
b) Sketch the moment diagram with critical moment values for the beam.
c) Sketch the shear force diagram with critical shear forces for the beam.
e) Find the reactions of beam GB3.
d) List the moment reinforcements for each critical moment in 8(b).
e) List the shear reinforcements for each span of the beam.
f) Generate bending schedule and save input tables, input sketches, moment, shear &
deflection graphs, output file, reinforcing tables, reinforcing diagrams and reinforcing
graphs in pdf format. Name the file as beam GB3.pdf.