General Physics

Quarter 2 – Week 7
Name: Rona Mae N. Betita Grade and Section: STEM-12 Vygotsky

Exercises / Activities
Activity No. 1 – Solving Ideal Gas Problems
What you need: Calculator
What to do 1: Transforming PV=nRT
Direction: Using the Ideal Gas Laws Equation (PV=nRT), transform the equation to derive a formula for
solving P, T, V, and n. Write the derived equation of each quantity on the table.
Quantity Derived Equation from PV=nRT
Pressure (P) P = nRT
V
Temperature (T) T = PV
nR
Volume (V) V = nRT
P
Number of moles (n) n = PV
RT

What to do 2: Solving Ideal Gas Problems

Direction: Solve the problems using the Ideal Gas Laws Equation (PV=nRT). Remember to convert the
temperature in Celsius to Kelvin.
1. Find the volume of 2.40 mol of gas whose temperature is 50.0 oC and whose pressure is 2.00 atm.
Given: n = 2.40 mol
T = 50+273.15 = 323K

P = 2atm = 2.026×105 pascals

R = 8.314 J/mol•K
V=?
Solution: V = nRT/P
V = 2.40 mol(8.314 J/mol•K)(323.15 K)
2.026×105 Pa
V = (2.40 mol)(2,686.6691 J/mol)
2.026×105 Pa
V = 6,448.00584 J
2.026×105 Pa
V = 0.031826287462 m3
2. What is the pressure of a 3.00-mol gas whose temperature is 60.0°C and whose volume is 5.00 L?
Given: n = 3.00 mol
T = 60 + 273.15 = 333.15 K
R = 8.314 J/mol•K
V = 5.00 L
P=?
Solution: P = nRT
V
P = (3.00 mol)( 8.314 L•atm/mol•K)( 333.15 K)
5.00 L
P = (3.00 mol)(2,769.8091 L•atm/mol)
5.00 L
P = 8,309.4273 L•atm
5.00 L
P = 1,661.88546 atm or P = 1,661.88546 atm = 1.68348997098 × 108 Pa

3. A 1.50-mol gas has a pressure of 4.00 atm and a volume of 7.50 L. What is the temperature of the
gas?
Given: n = 1.50 mol
P = 4.00 atm = 4.05200 × 105 Pa
V = 7.50 L
R = 8.314 J/mol•K
T=?
Solution: T = PV
nR
T= (4.00 atm)( 7.50 L)
(1.50 mol)( 8.314 L•atm/mol•K)
T= 30 atm•L
12.471 L•atm /K
T = 2.4055809477988 K

4. Find the number of moles of a certain ideal gas whose volume, temperature, and pressure are 3.00 L,
25.0 °C, and 2.00 atm, respectively.
Given: V = 3.00 L
T = 25.0 °C + 273.15 = 298.15 K
P = 2.00 atm
R = 8.314 J/mol•K
n=?
Solution: n = PV
RT
n= (2.00 atm)(3.00 L)
(8.314 J/mol•K)( 298.15 K)
n= 6.00 L• atm
2,478.8191 J/mol
n = 0.00242 mol

5. An ideal gas occupies a volume of 100 cm3 at 20 °C and 100 Pa. Find the number of moles of gas in
the container. Note that 1 J = 1 Pa•m3.
Given: V = 100 cm3 = 0.1 L
 T = 20 °C + 273.15 = 293.15 K
P = 100 Pa/101325 = 0.000986923 atm
R = 8.314 J/mol•K
n=?
Solution: n = PV
RT
n = (0.000986923 atm)(0.1 L)
(8.314 J/mol•K)( 293.15 K)
n = 0.0000986923 L•atm
2,437.2491 J/mol
n = 4.04933168300 × 10-8 mol

Activity No. 2: Analyzing PV Diagrams of Thermodynamic Processes

What you need: PV Diagrams
What to do: Describe each of the given PV diagrams and identify the thermodynamic process represented
by the PV diagram. In the diagrams, A is the initial state, and B and C are the final states. The first item is
already done for your reference.
PV diagram Description Thermodynamic Process
In the diagram, Isobaric Process
pressure (P) is
constant and the
volume (V) increases
from A to B.

1.
In the diagram,
volume (V) is Isochoric process
constant and the
pressure (P) decreases
from A to B.

2.
The upper curve is an  Isothermal Process
isothermal process  Adiabatic Process
(ΔT = 0), whereas the
lower curve is an
adiabatic process
(Q  = 0). Both start
from the same point
A, but the isothermal
process does more
work than the
adiabatic because
heat transfer into the
gas takes place to
3. keep its temperature
constant. This keeps
 the pressure higher all
along the isothermal
path than along the
adiabatic path,
producing more
work. The adiabatic
path thus ends up
with a lower pressure
and temperature at
point C, even though
the final volume is
the same as for the
isothermal process. 

Activity No. 3: Solving Problems Related to 1st Law of Thermodynamics

What you need: Calculator
What to do: Solve the following problems. Show your solutions and box your final answers. Write them on
a separate sheet of paper.
A. Internal Energy:
1. If 100 J of heat is added to a system that does no external work, by how much is the internal energy of
that system raised?
Given: Q = 100 J
W=0
ΔU = Q –W
ΔU = 100 J – 0
ΔU = 100 J
2. If 100 J of heat is added to a system that does 40 J of external work, by how much is the internal energy
of the system raised?
ΔU = Q –W
ΔU = 100 J – 40 J
ΔU = 60 J

B. Thermodynamic Process:
1. An ideal gas expands isothermally, performing 3.40 x 103 J of work in the process. Calculate (a) the
change in internal energy of the gas, and (b) the heat absorbed during this expansion.
a) Since it's isothermally expanding, there will be no change in internal temperature, so: ΔU=0
b) Q = -W, so: Q=-3,400 J
2. A gas is enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a light frictionless piston and maintained at atmospheric
pressure (1.01 x 105 Pa). When 1,400 kcal of heat is added to the gas, the volume is observed to increase
slowly from 12.0 m3 to 18.2 m3. Calculate (a) the work done by the gas and (b) the change in internal energy
of the gas. (1kcal=4186J)
a. W = p(V2-V1)
W = 1.01 x 105 Pa(18.2 m3 - 12.0 m3)
W = 1.01 x 105 Pa(6.2m3)
W = 626,200 J
b. ΔU = Q –W
ΔU = (1,400 kcal)(4186 J) - 626,200 J
ΔU = 5,860,400 – 626 200
ΔU = 5,234,200 J