Groton Local Energy Seminar Series # 4:

R ed u cing P ow er C onsu mp tion of Ligh ts,

Electronics, & H ou seh old A p p liances

12-D e c -0 7
L a w re n c e A c a d e m y
L e o L a v e rd u re

P r e s e n ta tio n a v a ila b le a t:
h ttp ://g r o to n lo c a l.o r g /s e m in a r .s h tm l
E m a i l : l e o l a v 123 @ c h a r t e r . n e t
 Topics
• W h y b oth er?
• R ed u cing electricity consu mp tion
–L ig h ts
– E l e c t r o n i c s ( i n c l u d i n g “P h a n t o m L o a d s ”)
–H o u s e h o ld a p p lia n c e s
• Some th ou gh ts f or h olid ay gif ts
 W h y b ot h e r ?
• H u g e g lo b a l c h a lle n g e s :
– G l o b al w ar m i n g : c l i m at e c h an g e / d i s r u p t i o n / c h ao s
– P e ak i n g o f f o s s i l f u e l s : o i l & g as ( c o al , t o o )
• T h e re s p o n s e :
– L o w e r c o n s u m p tio n o f e n e r g y
• C o n s e r v a tio n : u s e le s s
• E ffic ie n c y : d o m o r e w ith w h a t w e u s e
( b u t b e w a r e th e e ffic ie n c y p a r a d o x )
– S w i t c h t o r e n e w ab l e s o u r c e s
• A d d itio n a l b e n e fit: s a v e $ $
• I s t h i s j u s t “r e a r r a n g i n g d e c k c h a i r s ”?
 Climate change is a “r eal, r ising, imminent and u niv er sal”
thr eat to the f u tu r e o f the E ar th.
“O u r w o r ld is sp inning o u t o f k ilter . T he v er y w eb o f lif e
o n w hich w e d ep end is b eing r ip p ed and f r ay ed .
“W e, the hu man sp ecies, ar e co nf r o nting a p lanetar y
emer gency — a thr eat to the su r v iv al o f o u r civ iliz atio n that
is gather ing o mino u s and d estr u ctiv e p o tential ev en as w e
gather her e.
“B u t, ther e is ho p ef u l new s as w ell: w e hav e the ab ility to
so lv e this cr isis and av o id the w o r st — no t all — o f its
co nseq u ences, if w e act b o ld ly , d ecisiv ely and q u ick ly . ”

Al Gore, Nobel Peace Prize lecture, 10-D ec-07 , O s lo

Energy & Electricity Use in US
b y S e c to r

Energy Use by Sector El ectri ci ty Use by Sector

Source: Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC)

 Energy Use in US
b y H o m e T y p e

Energy Use f or Si ngl e-F a m i l y H om es Energy Use f or M u l ti -F a m i l y H om es

Source: Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC)

 E n e r g y S ou r ce s
M a ss Energy by F u el T yp e M a ss R enew a bl e El ectri ci ty Sou rces

Source: Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC)

G r ot on E l e ct r ic E n e r g y S ou r ce s

? ?
G r ot on E l e ct r icit y C on su m pt ion
Groton Electric Residential Customers
A v erag e M in & M ax M onth s U sag e
1 1 8 3 1 6 0
1 2 00 $ 1 4 2 .4 7
1 4 0
1 000
1 2 0
8 00
6 7 4 1 00
6 00 M in 8 0 M in
$ 6 4 .6 4
M a x M a x
4 00 6 0
4 0
2 00
2 0
0 0
K W H $

Source: G roton E lectric L ight, A nnual R ep ort f or 2 0 0 5

 H ow m u ch C O 2 e m ission s?
C oh a sset H i gh Sch ool ’s
1 ( m etri c) T on of C O 2 C u be
• A verage em ission f or each
U S resid ent in 18.6 days,
or f or each household (of
2 . 6 p eop le) in 7 .2 days!
• I nclud es our share of
total econom y
• 2 7 f t. p er sid e
• D om estic electricity use in
G roton em its about 6 . 6 m T
CO 2 p er year p er resid ence
(~ 1 3 % of total em issions)
• 1 K W H ~ = 1 . 3 lbs CO 2
1 m etric ton ~ = 1 . 1 U S tons
 Time for Action:
Reducing our Consumption of Electricity
• Ligh ting
• Electronics
• Large electric ap p liances
 W h ere d o es th is inf o co m e f ro m ?
• O w n ex p erience
–M e a s u r in g ( & e s tim a tin g )c o n s u m p tio n
–P r io r itiz in g & im p le m e n tin g c h a n g e s
• L ife s ty le
• H o u s e h o ld s y s te m s
–T r a c k in g r e d u c tio n s
• Local ex p erience/ ex p ertise
• P u b lish ed d ata/ ex p ertise
–D e v ic e s p e c s /ta g s , b o o k s , m a g a z in e s , o n lin e
 U se f u l t ool s
Electric Bills
 L ig h t s
• 49% o f r e s i d e n t i al e l e c t r i c i t y c o n s u m p t i o n ! ?
• E as y s av i n g s ( C O 2 & $ ) , l o w i n v e s t m e n t , q u i c k p ay b ac k ,
little o r n o in c o n v e n ie n c e
• H u g e im p r o v e m e n ts in C F L s
– Q u a l i t y o f l i g h t , s i z e s & s h a p e s , s t a r t -u p t i m e , d i m m a b i l i t y ,
a v a ila b ility , c o s t
– 25 % o f w a t t a g e o f e q u i v a l e n t l y b r i g h t i n c a n d e s c e n t
– R e c y c le b e c a u s e o f ( m in o r ) m e r c u r y c o n te n t
• L E D s h av e s am e e f f i c i e n c y o f C F L s b u t c o s t
c o n s i d e r ab l y m o r e ; a f e w g o o d ap p l i c at i o n s
• N o -b r ai n e r s av i n g s : t u r n o u t t h e l i g h t s w h e n n o t n e e d e d !
– M a n u a l, lig h t s e n s o r , m o v e m e n t s e n s o r , tim e r , c o n tr o l c e n te r
C F L s com e of a g e

I n c an d e s c e n t v s . C F L

6 0 w at t s P o w e r u s e 1 5 w at t s

2 5 ¢-$ 1 A v e r ag e p r i c e $ 2

1 ,0 0 0 h o u rs L i f e s p an 1 0 ,0 0 0 h o u rs

C o s t f o r f i v e y e ar s
$ 2 6 2 .8 0 $ 6 5 .7 0
( a t 10 ¢ p e r k W )
Tim e m agaz ine, 1 7 -D ec-2 0 0 7
 Electro nics
( inclu d ing “P h antom Load s”)
P h an t o m L o ad : the continuation of an
ap p l iance to d r aw p ow er w hen s w itched “off ”
– A ls o c a lle d : e n e r g y v a m p ir e s , s ta n d b y p o w e r ,
le a k in g e le c tr ic ity
– C a u s e d b y :
• inef f iciencies in converting A C into D C electricity
• ind icator lights, clock s, etc. on ap p liances
• stand by p ow er used f or electronic m em ory or a rem ote …
– A l w a y s a s m a l l a m o u n t p e r d e v i c e ( < 1 t o > 20 w a t t s ) , b u t m u l t i p l i e d
b y 24 h r s / d a y f o r m a n y d e v i c e s ( i n m a n y h o m e s )
• E x am p le: Cable box = 2 0 w atts x 2 4 hours = 4 8 0 w att-hours/ d ay or
1 7 5. 2 k w h/ yr =$ 2 2 . 4 3 / yr at $ 0 . 1 2 8 / k w h
– F or G roton average rate p ayer = ~ 2 . 5% of electric bill!
• 1 w att-year = 2 4 x 3 6 5 / 1 0 0 0 = 8 . 7 6 K W H = $ 1 . 1 2 / yr
 P h a n t om L oa d s: E x a m pl e s
• A n y t h i n g w i t h a “w al l w ar t ” ( A C / D C t r an s f o r m e r )
– L a p to p s , p h o n e s , c h a r g e r s , to y s , r a d io s , k e y b o a r d s , c a b le
m o d e m , r o u te r s /w ir e le s s a c c e s s , p r in te r s , fa x m a c h in e s , …
• A n y t h i n g w i t h a c l o c k o r al w ay s -o n p o w e r i n d i c at o r l i g h t
– C a b le b o x , k itc h e n a p p lia n c e s , …
• A n y th in g w ith ar e m o te c o n tr o l
– T V , c a b le b o x , a u d io s y s te m , a ir c o n d itio n e r , fa n , …
• A n y t h i n g y o u t u r n “o f f ” t h at h as a “s t an d b y ” m o d e
– P C s !
– T V s , c a b le b o x e s , …
– M o t i o n -s e n s i t i v e l i g h t s w i t c h e s , …
– L ig h t -s e n s i t i v e s w i t c h e s
 K ey T est f o r A C / D C A d a p ters:
A re th ey w a rm w h en no t in u se?
V isib le L ig h t I m a g e I n f ra red I m a g e
 D ia gno sing & Elim ina ting
P h a nto m L o a d s
D i ag n o s i n g : E lim i n at i n g :
• V i s i b l e L E D , w ar m t o • U n p lu g
t o u c h , i n s t an t o n , … • P o w e r -s t r i p s
• F i n d ap p l i an c e o n a l i s t o f • S w itc h e d o u tle ts
P h an t o m l o ad s , e . g . : • T im e r s
h t t p : / / s t an d b y . l b l . g o v / D at
a/ S u m m ar y C h ar t . h t m l • O p e n c i r c u i t b r e ak e r
• K i l l -a-w at t m e t e r • G o o d P C p o w e r m g t.
• M ak e s t an d b y p o w e r p ar t
o f p u r c h as e d e c i s i o n s
– E n e rg y S ta r
– E ffic ie n t A C /D C a d a p te rs
S tandb y P ow er ( w atts) :
M i n , A v e r ag e , M ax

http :/ / stand by. lbl. gov/ D ata/ Sum m aryChart. htm l

S tandb y P ow er ( w atts) ( continued) :
M i n , A v e r ag e , M ax

http :/ / stand by. lbl. gov/ D ata/ Sum m aryChart. htm l

 So m e G lo b a l & N a tio na l Estim a tes
f o r P h a nto m L o a d s ( 1 9 9 9 )
O EC D Uni ted Sta tes J a p a n F ra nce

F ra cti on of
resi d enti a l el ectri ci ty 5-1 0 % 5% 1 2 % 7 %
u se ( % )

50 - 50
W a tts p er h om e 6 0 3 8
1 0 0 (=4 3 8 K W H / yr)

4 5
N a ti ona l ( T W h / yea r)
(=$ 4 . 5B )

T ota l C O 2 em i ssi ons

2 7
( M T / yea r)

http :/ / stand by. lbl. gov/ D A TA / I nternational. htm l

 E n e r g y S t a r . g ov
Home Electronics
• C o n s u m e r e l e c t r o n i c s > 25 %
o f h o u s e h o ld e le c tr ic ity u s e .
S a v e En erg y , S a v e M o n ey
• T h e s e p ro d u c ts u s e e n e rg y • A n a d a p te r th a t h a s e a rn e d th e
w h e n t h e y 'r e o f f f o r f e a t u r e s E N E R G Y S T A R m e e ts s tr ic t
lik e c lo c k d is p la y s a n d r e m o te e n e rg y -e f f i c i e n c y g u id e lin e s
c o n tr o ls . E N E R G Y S T A R • A v e ra g e 3 0 % m o r e e ffic ie n t
p ro d u c ts u s e a s m u c h a s 6 0 % th a n c o n v e n tio n a l m o d e ls .
le s s e n e r g y fo r th e s e fu n c tio n s , • O fte n lig h te r a n d s m a lle r in
w h ile p r o v id in g th e s a m e s iz e
p e r fo r m a n c e a t th e s a m e p r ic e
a s l e s s -e f f i c i e n t m o d e l s .
 P C P o w er C o nsu m p tio n Ex a m p les
L ap to p De s k s id e , w / 1 7 ”C R T
• O p e r at i n g : 2 2 -3 5 W • O p e r at i n g : 1 5 0 W
• S c re e n o ff: 1 4 W • S c re e n o ff: 8 0 W
• S le e p in g : < 1 W • S le e p in g : 7 W
• H i b e r n at i n g / t u r n e d o ff: • H i b e r n at i n g / t u r n e d o ff:
< 0 .5 W < 1 W
• U n p lu g g e d : 0 W • U n p lu g g e d : 0 W
• P o t e n t i al s av i n g s u s in g • P o t e n t i al s av i n g s u s in g
af t e r -h o u r s p o w e r m g t: af t e r -h o u r s p o w e r m g t:
~ $ 1 5 /y r ~ $ 1 5 0 /y r
S et p ow er
ma na g ement
op tions on
W ind ow s/ X P u sing :
-S t ar t /
-C o n tro l P an e l /
-P e rfo rm an c e an d
M ai n t e n an c e /
-P o w e r O p tio n s
 H ou se h ol d A ppl ia n ce s
S a v e En erg y , S a v e M o n ey
• T w o p r ic e ta g s fo r a n a p p lia n c e :
1 . w hat you p ay to tak e it hom e
2 . w hat you p ay f or the energy and w ater it uses.
E N E R G Y S T A R a p p l i a n c e s u s e 10 –5 0 % l e s s e n e r g y a n d w a t e r .
T h e m o n e y s a v e d o n u tility b ills c a n m o r e th a n m a k e u p fo r a n y
e x tr a c o s t o f a m o r e e ffic ie n t E N E R G Y S T A R m o d e l.

H elp P ro tect th e En v iro n m en t

• S im p le a c tio n s c a n m a k e a b ig d iffe r e n c e . O n e i n 10 h o m e s u s i n g
E N E R G Y S T A R q u a lifie d a p p lia n c e s w o u ld b e e q u iv a le n t to p la n tin g
1. 7 m i l l i o n a c r e s o f tre e s .
• F o r to p p e rfo rm a n c e , p r e m iu m fe a tu r e s , a n d e n e r g y s a v in g s , lo o k
f o r e n e r g y -e f f i c i e n t c lo th e s w a s h e r s , r e fr ig e r a to r s , d is h w a s h e r s ,
r o o m a ir c o n d itio n e r s a n d d e h u m id ifie r s th a t h a v e e a rn e d th e
E N E R G Y S T A R .
http :/ / w w w . grotonelectric. org/ calculate. p hp
 C l ot h e s W a sh e r
• A n E N E R G Y S T A R q u al i f i e d c l o t h e s
w as h e r c an sav e y o u
– $550 in operating costs a n d
– 5, 000 l b s . of C O 2 em issions
o v e r its life tim e
• M u c h m o r e i m p o r t an t t o g e t an e f f i c i e n t
w as h e r t h an a d r y e r
– t h e h i g h -s p e e d s p i n c y c l e g r e a t l y s h o r t e n s t h e SS a a v v eeb b igig : :
d r y in g tim e uu sesecoco ldld
– e a s ie r to d r y m a n u a lly th a n w a s h ww a a ter!
ter!
• W as h e r m u s t al s o p e r f o r m w e l l , e l s e y o u r
s av i n g s w i l l d i s ap p e ar i n e x t r a w as h an d
r in s e c y c le s
 R e f r ig e r a t or / F r e e z e r s
• E N E R G Y S T A R q u al i f i e d r e f r i g e r at o r s r e q u i r e ab o u t h al f
as m u c h e n e r g y as m o d e l s m an u f ac t u r e d b e f o r e 1 9 9 3 .
• T h e y u s e h i g h -e f f i c i e n c y c o m p r e s s o r s , i m p r o v e d
in s u l at i o n , an d b e t t e r t e m p e r at u r e an d d e f r o s t
m e c h an i s m s t o i m p r o v e e n e r g y e f f i c i e n c y .
• F o r b e s t p e r f o r m an c e : p l ac e aw ay f r o m h e at , k e e p c o ils
c le an , s e al s i n t ac t , ai r c i r c u l at i n g u n d e r n e at h & ar o u n d ,
c lo s e th e d o o r!

Current E nergyStar
(’9 3 ) m od el: m od el:
$ 1 0 8 / yr. $ 56 / yr.

http :/ / energystar. gov/ ind ex . cf m ? f useaction=ref rig. calculator

 O t h e r E n e r g y S t a r A ppl ia n ce s
T y p i c al T y p i c al
A p p l i an c e E n e r g y S t ar A n n u al N o te s
E ffic ie n c y S av i n g s
D e h u m id ifie r 1 0 –2 0 % $ 3 0 H u m i d i s t at
F u l l l o ad s ,
D i s h w as h e r > 4 0 % $ 1 5
ai r d r y
F re e z e r > 1 0 % $ 1 0 C h e s t b e s t
P r e f e r n at u r al
R o o m A /C > 1 0 % $ 5
v e n t i l at i o n , f an s
R o o m T y p i c al l y 8 0 0
3 5 % $ 1 6
A i r C l e an e r K W H /y r
 T ypica l W a tta ges of V a rious A pplia nces
h ttp ://w w w .e e r e .e n e r g y .g o v /c o n s u m e r /y o u r _ h o m e /a p p lia n c e s /in d e x .c fm /m y to p ic = 1 0 0 4 0

• A q u a r i u m = 5 0 –1 2 1 0 W a t t s • P e rs o n a l c o m p u te r
• C lo c k r a d io = 1 0 – C P U -a w a k e / a s le e p = 1 2 0 / 3 0 o r
le s s
• C o f f e e m a k e r = 9 0 0 –1 2 0 0
– M o n it o r -a w a k e / a s le e p = 1 5 0 / 3 0 o r
• C l o t h e s w a s h e r = 3 5 0 –5 0 0 le s s
• C l o t h e s d r y e r = 1 8 0 0 –5 0 0 0 – L a p to p = 5 0
• D i s h w a s h e r = 1 2 0 0 –2 4 0 0 ( u s i n g t h e • R a d i o ( s t er eo) = 7 0 –4 0 0
d r y in g fe a tu r e g r e a tly in c r e a s e s • R e f r i g e r a t o r ( f r os t -f r ee, 1 6 c ubic f eet )
e n e r g y c o n s u m p tio n ) = 7 2 5
• D e h u m id ifie r = 7 8 5 • T e le v is io n s ( c o lo r )
• E l e c t r i c b l a n k e t - Single/Double = 6 0 / – 1 9 " = 6 5 –1 1 0
1 0 0 – 2 7 " = 1 1 3
• F a n s – 3 6 " = 1 3 3
– C e ilin g = 6 5 –1 7 5 – 5 3 " -6 1 " P r o je c t io n = 1 7 0
– W in d o w = 5 5 –2 5 0 – F la t s c re e n = 1 2 0
– F u rn a c e = 7 5 0 • T o a s t e r = 8 0 0 –1 4 0 0
– W h o le h o u s e = 2 4 0 –7 5 0 • T o a s te r o v e n = 1 2 2 5
• H a i r d r y e r = 1 2 0 0 –1 8 7 5 • V C R / D V D = 1 7 –2 1 / 2 0 –2 5
• H e a t e r ( p or t a ble) = 7 5 0 –1 5 0 0 • V a c u u m c l e a n e r = 1 0 0 0 –1 4 4 0
• C lo th e s ir o n = 1 0 0 0 –1 8 0 0 • W a t e r h e a t e r ( 4 0 ga llon) = 4 5 0 0 –5 5 0 0
• M ic r o w a v e o v e n = 7 5 0 –1 1 0 0 • W a t e r p u m p ( d eep w ell) = 2 5 0 –1 1 0 0
• W a t e r b e d ( w it h h ea t er , no c ov er ) =
1 2 0 –3 8 0
 O t h e r Th ou g h t s on A ppl ia n ce s
• A v o id e n e r g y c o n v e r s io n s . E x a m p le s :
– G as r an g e an d c l o t h e s d r y e r h av e 1 / 3 t h e o p e r at i o n al
c o s t o f e l e c t r i c v e r s i o n s at t o d ay ’s p r i c e s
– K e e p i n g h e at i n o r o u t o f y o u r t h e r m al e n v e lo p e is
m u c h l e s s e x p e n s i v e t h an ad d i n g o r r e m o v in g it
– G r o u n d -s o u r c e h e at p u m p s u s e r e f r i g e r at i o n
t e c h n o l o g y t o e x t r ac t h e at fro m th e g ro u n d ( h e at i n g )
o r t r an s f e r i t t o t h e g r o u n d ( c o o lin g )
• M u c h le s s e x p e n s iv e th a n e le c tr ic h e a tin g
– L e as t -e x p e n s i v e l i g h t i s d ay l i g h t
 L ow -e n e r g y A ppl ia n ce s
L ig h tin g :

In fo ta in m e n t:

A p p lia n c e s :
D ecrea sing electricity co nsu m p tio n
is p o ssib le
 So m e energy-sa v ing h o lid a y gif ts
• C F L 4 -p ac k , < $ 1 0 , m an y s o u r c e s
• P o w e r s t r i p , $ 5 , m ay s o u r c e s
• T i m e r / o u t l e t , $ 1 5 , m an y s o u r c e s
• T he Car b o n B u ster ’s H o me E ner gy H and b o o k , $ 1 0 . 3 6 ,
am az on. com
• C l o t h e s d r y i n g r ac k , $ 1 0 -$ 8 0 + , m an y s o u r c e s
h ttp ://w w w .a b u n d a n te a r th .c o m /s to r e /W o o d e n D r y in g R a c k s .h tm l
• K i l l -a-w at t : p lu g g ab l e e l e c t r i c i t y m o n i t o r , $ 2 5 , k illaw att. com
• T E D : T h e E n e r g y D e t e c t i v e , w h o l e -h o u s e e n e r g y m o n i t o r
& d i s p l ay , $ 1 4 0 , theenergyd etective. com
• D u ro th e rm T h e r m al C o o k w ar e , $ 1 6 9 ,
http :/ / w w w . k uhnrik on. com / p rod ucts/ d uro/ group . p hp 3 ? id =3
• E n e r g y -e f f i c i e n t r e f r i g e r at o r , $ 2 5 0 -$ 2 5 0 0 + , m an y s o u r c e s
• E n e r g y au d i t , $ 0 - $ $ $ , a f e w s o u r c e s , i n c l u d i n g G E L D
• “T he S to r y o f S tu f f ” D V D , $ 1 0 , storyof stuf f . com
 O u r g lo b a l fo o d s y s te m fa c e s a c r is is o f u n p r e c e d e n te d s c o p e . T h is c r is is ,
w h ic h th r e a te n s to im p e r il th e liv e s o f h u n d r e d s o f m illio n s a n d p o s s ib ly b illio n s ,
c o n s is ts o f fo u r c o llid in g d ile m m a s ,a ll a r is in g fr o m o u r d e p e n d e n c e o n
d e p le tin g fo s s il fu e ls :
1 . T h e d ir e c t im p a c ts o n a g r ic u ltu r e o f h ig h e r o il p r ic e s : in c r e a s e d c o s ts fo r
a g r ic u ltu r a l fu e ls & c h e m ic a ls ,a n d th e tr a n s p o r t o f fa r m in p u ts a n d o u tp u ts .
2 . A n in d ir e c t c o n s e q u e n c e o f h ig h o il p r ic e s -th e in c r e a s e d d e m a n d fo r
b io fu e ls ,s w itc h in g fa r m la n d fr o m fo o d p r o d u c tio n to fu e l p r o d u c tio n .
3 . T h e i m p a c t s o f c l i m a t e c h a n g e a n d e x t r e m e w e a t h e r c a u s e d b y f u e l -b a s e d
g r e e n h o u s e g a s e m is s io n s . C lim a te c h a n g e –th e g r e a te s t e n v ir o n m e n ta l
c r is is o f o u r tim e –is e n o r m o u s ly c o m p lic a te d b y fo s s il fu e l d e p le tio n .
4 . T h e d e g r a d a tio n o r lo s s o f b a s ic n a tu r a l r e s o u r c e s ( p r in c ip a lly ,to p s o il a n d
fr e s h w a te r ) a s a r e s u lt o f u n s u s ta in a b le r a te s a n d m e th o d s o f p r o d u c tio n
e n a b le d b y d e c a d e s o f c h e a p e n e r g y .
E a c h o f th e s e p r o b le m s is d e v e lo p in g a t a d iffe r e n t p a c e r e g io n a lly ,
e x a c e r b a te d b y th e c o n tin u a lly e x p a n d in g s iz e o f th e h u m a n p o p u la tio n . T h e
r e s u ltin g o v e r a ll fo o d c r is is is lik e ly to b e p r o f o u n d a n d u n p r e c e d e n te d in s c o p e .
T h e p r im a r y s o lu tio n to th e o v e r a ll c r is is o f th e w o r ld fo o d s y s te m m u s t b e a
p la n n e d r a p id r e d u c tio n in th e u s e o f fo s s il fu e ls in th e g r o w in g a n d d e liv e r y o f
fo o d . T h e o r g a n ic m o v e m e n t is u n iq u e ly p o s itio n e d to g u id e th is in e v ita b le
t r a n s it io n o f t h e w o r ld 's f o o d s y s t e m s .
R ich ard H ein berg , “W h at W ill W e E at as th e O il R un s O ut? ”
T h e L a d y E v e B a l f o u r L e c t u r e , N o v e m b e r 2 2 , 2 007