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1.3. Activities in Project Identification and Initial Screening

The document describes steps in project identification and initial screening including situation analysis, stakeholder analysis, SWOT analysis, problem analysis, and objective analysis. It provides details on each step. For stakeholder analysis, it discusses identifying needs/interests of stakeholders, encouraging participation at different stages, and potential risks. It also includes a power/interest matrix for stakeholder mapping. For problem analysis, it explains developing a problem tree to visually represent relationships among problems. Finally, it covers reformulating the problem tree into an objective tree to clarify the means-ends relationship between desirable situations and solutions.

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Debebe Sori
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23 views

1.3. Activities in Project Identification and Initial Screening

The document describes steps in project identification and initial screening including situation analysis, stakeholder analysis, SWOT analysis, problem analysis, and objective analysis. It provides details on each step. For stakeholder analysis, it discusses identifying needs/interests of stakeholders, encouraging participation at different stages, and potential risks. It also includes a power/interest matrix for stakeholder mapping. For problem analysis, it explains developing a problem tree to visually represent relationships among problems. Finally, it covers reformulating the problem tree into an objective tree to clarify the means-ends relationship between desirable situations and solutions.

Uploaded by

Debebe Sori
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.3.

Activities in Project identification


and initial screening:
 Situation analysis
 Stakeholders analysis
 SWOT analysis
 Problem analysis
 Objective analysis
 Alternative Tree Analysis or project selection
a) Situation analysis
 This is about describing the problem or
situation to be addressed by the project.
 This can be ‘problem based’ or ‘opportunity
based’.
 e.g. what are the prevalent problem
situations or ‘opportunity based’, e.g. is there
an opportunity to serve people with disability?
Or is there an opportunity to establish a Cement
Factory (suitable soil)
B. Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder is any individual, group or
organization, community, with an interest in the
outcome of a program/project.

Key Question
Whose problems or opportunities are we
analyzing? Who will benefit or loose-out,
and how, from a potential project
intervention?
27
Stakeholder Analysis _ Cont’d
Purpose: To identify:

▪ Needs and interest of stakeholders


▪ Organizations and groups that should be encouraged
to participate in different stages of the project
▪ Potential risks that could put at risk program
▪ Opportunities in implementing a program

28
29
Four steps of stakeholder mapping
and management:

30
Stakeholder Analysis: the power/interest matrix

A B
Context setter
High Keep Key Players
satisfied

POWER

C The Crowd: D Subject: Keep


Minimal informed
Low effort

Low LEVEL OF INTEREST High


C. SWOT Analysis-Cont’d
SWOT analysis is a tool for institutional appraisal and a
brainstorming exercise in which the representatives of
the organization participate fully.

Strengths
SWOT stands for: Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats 32
SWOT analysis of strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats.

33
D. Problem Analysis
Problems Analysis visually represents the causes and
effects of existing problems in the project area, in the form
of a Problem Tree. It clarifies the relationships among the
identified problems.

34
Problem Analysis-Cont’d
Relationships of Problems?

Simply connect causes and effects by directly “Because”

EFFECT
I am not motivated to work

I am not sure My salary is low I get poor respect


what to do in this from the boss
work

I am lack of My My post My poor We have


expertise/skills company is not communi different
is not high yet cation to ways to
getting boss think
I am lack of
profit
training
CAUSE 35
Problem Analysis-Cont’d

Steps in Undertaking Problem Tree


1. Identify problems that the project will address.
State problems in negative manner.
2. Group problems by similarity of concerns.
3. Develop the problem tree:
a) Select a Core/Focal problem from the list and relate
other problems to the core/focal problem.
b) If the problem is a cause of the core problem the tree is
placed below the core problem
c) If the problem is an effect of the core problem is goes
above
36
Problem Analysis-Cont’d

37
Problem Analysis-Cont’d

Exercise (3 minutes)
Let us make the problem tree around education in your district

38
E. Objective Analysis
 This involves turning a problem tree into an
objectives tree

 Objective Analysis clarifies the means-ends


relationship between the desirable situation that
would be attained and the solution for attaining it.
This stage also requires an Objective Tree.

39
Objective Analysis-Cont’d
How to Make the Objective Tree

Step 1: Reformulate all negative situation of the problem tree into


positive situations that are :
• Desirable
• Realistically achievable

Step 2: Make sure that there is a means – ends (results) relationship (if
this is implemented then this will be achieved)
The causes become the starting point for the objectives.
The effects become the results of the objectives.

Step 3: IF necessary:
• Revise statements
• Add new objectives if these seem to be relevant and necessary to
achieve the objective at the next higher level
• Delete objectives which do not see suitable or necessary
40
Objective Analysis-Cont’d
Reformulating of Problems?
Results
I enjoy
I am
working
not motivated
and am so
to work
motivated

Knowsure
Not whatwhat
to doto Salary
Salaryisisincreased
low Respected andfrom
Poor respect
well
do in this work encouraged
the boss by boss

Adequate
Lack of My
My Get
Not high Better
Poor Understandi
Different
skills/expertise
expertise/skills company
company promoted
post yet communic
communi ng of to
ways
is ation to his/her
is getting
not cation to think
profits boss perspective
getting boss
Get
Lacktrained
of training
profit

Means
41
Objective Analysis-Cont’d

Exercise (5 minutes)
Let you make the objective tree from the problem tree
you created. [ Education]

42

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