Scribd
Upload
131 views4 pages

Integrated Circuit: Types of Integrated Circuits

The integrated circuit was conceived when transistors were invented as a way to assemble multiple electronic components onto a single silicon wafer rather than separate printed circuit boards. There are several types of integrated circuits including digital ICs that use binary 1s and 0s, analog ICs that work with continuous signals, and mixed signal ICs that combine digital and analog components on a single chip. Examples are given for each type. Advantages of integrated circuits include their small size, low power consumption, high speed, and ability to include complex circuits on a single chip. However, their small size also means the entire circuit must be replaced if one component fails.

Uploaded by

surafel Tariku
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
131 views4 pages

Integrated Circuit: Types of Integrated Circuits

The integrated circuit was conceived when transistors were invented as a way to assemble multiple electronic components onto a single silicon wafer rather than separate printed circuit boards. There are several types of integrated circuits including digital ICs that use binary 1s and 0s, analog ICs that work with continuous signals, and mixed signal ICs that combine digital and analog components on a single chip. Examples are given for each type. Advantages of integrated circuits include their small size, low power consumption, high speed, and ability to include complex circuits on a single chip. However, their small size also means the entire circuit must be replaced if one component fails.

Uploaded by

surafel Tariku
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Integrated Circuit

The idea of integrated circuits was first contemplated when transistors were
invented. Conventionally, electronic circuits were produced by assembling different
discrete components and interconnecting them on a prototyping or printed circuit
board. With the introduction of transistors, semiconductor technology took an all-
together leap, and researchers started finding ways to get not just transistors but
complete electronic circuits on a single silicon wafer.

Types of Integrated Circuits

The different types of an integrated circuit which includes the following

Digital Integrated Circuits

This kind of IC has two defined levels:1’s and 0’s which implies that they work on
binary mathematics wherein 1 stands for on and 0 stands for off. Such ICs are
accomplished diligently as they contain more than millions of flip flops, logic
gates, and whatnot, all incorporated into a single chip. Examples of digital IC
include microcontrollers and microprocessors.
 Logic ICs
 Memory Chips,
 Interface ICs (level shifters, serializer/de-serializer, etc.)
 Power Management ICs
 Programmable Devices
Analog Integrated Circuits

The analog integrated circuits work by tackling continuous signals and are capable


of performing tasks such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, and
modulation, etc. Sensors, OP-AMP’s are essentially Analog ICs.
 Linear IC’s
 RF IC’s
Mixed Signal

When the digital and analog ICs are used on a single chip; the resultant IC is
known as mixed-signal integrated circuits.

 Data Acquisition ICs (including A/D converters, D/A converter, digital


potentiometers)
Clock/timing IC’s

Advantages of ICs:

 It is more reliable
 The entire physical size of IC is the extremely small size
 Low power consumption because of their small size
 It can easily replace but it can hardly remain in case of failure
 It has suitable for small signal operation
 Greater ability to operate at extreme temperature
 When the absence of parasitic and capacitance effect has an increased
operating speed
 The weight of an IC is very less as compared entire discrete circuits
 Close matching of components and also a temperature coefficient
because of bulk production in batches
 Improved functional performance as some complex circuits can be
fabricated for achieving better characteristics
 The reduction in power consumption is achieved due to the extremely
small size of IC

Disadvantages of ICs:

 If one component in an integrated circuits fails, it means the whole


circuit has to be replaced
 It is difficult to be achieved low-temperature coefficient
 It can be handled an only a limited amount of power
 Coils or indicators cannot be fabricated
 Low noise and high voltage operation are not easily obtained
 The power dissipation is limited to 10 watts
 Inductors cannot be fabricated directly
 High-grade P-N-P assembly low-temperature coefficient
 Operation at low voltage as IC function at fairly low voltage
 Voltage dependence of resistor and capacitors
 A large value of saturation resistance of transistors
 Integrated circuits are not flexible
 It is impossible to fabricate transformers
 The IC will not work properly if wrongly handled or  it must be exposed
to excessive heat
 The power that integrated circuits can produce is limited and calls for
extension
 Higher values of capacitance discrete components exterior to the IC chip
are connected

Bus System
A bus system can be constructed with three-state gates instead of
multiplexers. A three-state gate is a digital circuit that exhibits three states.
Two of the states are signals equivalent to logic 1 and 0 as in a conventional
gate. The third state is a high-impedance state. The high-impedance state
behaves like an open circuit, which means that the output is disconnected and
does not have a logic significance. Three-state gates may perform any
conventional logic, such as AND or NAND. However, the one most commonly
used in the design of a bus system is the buffer gate.
Designs of a bus system in the buffer gate.

Difference between normal buffer and three-state buffer: 


It contains both normal input and control input. Here, the output state is
determined by the control input. 
 
 When the control input is 1, the output is enabled and the gate will behave
like a conventional buffer.
 When the control input is 0, the output is disabled and the gate will be in a
high impedance state.

You might also like