Math 10 - Week 2 - Arithmetic Sequence and Series
Math 10 - Week 2 - Arithmetic Sequence and Series
Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 2
Arithmetic Sequence and Series
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Mathematics - Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 : Arithmetic Sequence and Series
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education - Region III
Secretary : Leonor M. Briones
Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio
Gregorio
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Education M. Blanco,
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Mathematics, B. Macale
Focal Person
Joannarie C. Garcia
Librarian II
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Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 2
Arithmetic Sequence and Series
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Supplementary Learning Resources on Arithmetic
Sequence and Series.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Supplementary Learning Resources on Arithmetic
Sequence and Series.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
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In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to
What’s New you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice to
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
What’s More You may check the answers to the exercises using
the may check the answers to the exercises using
the Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/
What I Have Learned paragraph to be filled in to process what you
learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will help you
What I Can Do transfer your knowledge or skills into real life
situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
Assessment mastery in achieving the learning competency.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module aims to provide various activities to help you understand the different
concepts involved in the study of arithmetic sequences.
What I Know
Directions: Find out how much you already know about this module. Choose the letter
of the best answer. Take note of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and
find the right answer as you go through this module.
4. If three arithmetic means are inserted between 11 and 39, find the second
arithmetic mean.
A. 18 B. 25 C. 32 D. 46
6. The first term of an arithmetic sequence is 2 while the 18th term is 87.
Find the common difference of the sequence.
A. 7 B. 6 C. 5 D. 3
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7. What is the 8th term of the sequence 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, . .?
A. 19 B. 21 C. 23 D. 25
9. Which of the following is the sum of all the multiples of 3 from 15 to 48?
A. 315 B. 360 C. 378 D. 396
10. The first term of an arithmetic sequence is 6 and the common difference is 3. Find the
value of the 25th term.
A. 75 B. 78 C. 81 D. 84
11. The first term of an arithmetic sequence is 200 and the common difference is -10.
Find the value of the 20th term.
A. 0 B. 30 C. 20 D. 10
12. If you are to insert 6 numbers between 3 and 24 to make it an arithmetic sequence,
what are the numbers?
A. 4, 6, 9, 13, 18, 21 C. 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21
B. 5, 8, 10, 13, 15, 20 D. 6, 9, 13, 15, 18, 21
13. From the sequence: 3, 7, 11, ___, 19, ___ …, what are the missing terms?
A. 15, 21 B. 15, 22 C. 15, 23 D. 15, 24
15. What is the sum of all odd integers between 20 and 41?
A. 341 B. 300 C. 280 D. 261
What’s In
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Exercises:
A. Determine the following sequence if arithmetic or not. Write YES if the given
illustrates an arithmetic sequence, otherwise write NOT.
___________4. 1, 4, 9, 16, …
B. Find the common difference and the next three terms of each arithmetic sequence.
1. 24, 14, 4, ____, ____, ____ d = _____
2. 6, 10, 14, ____, ____, ____ d = _____
3. -7, 4, 15, ____, ____, ____ d = _____
4. -8, -6, -4, ____, ____, ____ d = _____
5. 4, 11, 18, ____, ____, ____ d = _____
Great! If you answered the exercises by finding the common difference using the
formula d = a 2 - a 1, where a 1 and a 2 are any two consecutive terms of the sequence,
then you did a good job.
Let us take the first item in Exercise B, 24, 14, 4, … . The common difference is
d = 14 - 24. Hence d = -10. We obtained the next three terms by adding -10.
a 4
= a 3 + (-10)
a 4
= 4 + (-10)
a 4= -6,
Thus, a 5= -16 and a 6= -26
Now you are ready to explore more about arithmetic sequence.
What’s New
You already know sequences and their terms. Now, we will look at sequences of
numbers that change at a constant rate. Such sequences display arithmetic growth and
are useful in modeling many real-life situations.
Recall that an arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term after the first is
found by adding a constant, called common difference d, to the previous term.
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Consider these two common sequences 1, 3, 5, 7, . . . and 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, . . . .
It is easy to see how these sequences are formed. They each start with a particular
first term, and then to get successive terms we just add a fixed value to the previous term.
In the first sequence we add 2 to get the next term, and in the second sequence we add 10.
So the difference between consecutive terms in each sequence is a constant. We could
also subtract a constant instead, because that is just the same as adding a negative
constant.
Now, let us try to find a specific term in a sequence, the mean of two terms, and the
sum of the terms of the arithmetic sequence.
What is It
Illustrative Example:
2, 9, 16, 23, …
a1 2
a 2
=a 1
+d 2+7=9
a 3 = (a 1 + d) + d or a1 + 2d 9 + 7 = 16 or 2 + 2(7) =16
a 4
= (a 1
+ 2d) + d or a1 + 3d 16 + 7 =23 or 2 + 3(7) = 23
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Examples:
A. Find the 21 st term of the arithmetic sequence: 4, 7, 10, 13, …
Solution: a 1
= 4, d = 3, and n = 21
a n = a 1 + (n -1) d
a 21 = 4 + (21 -1) 3
a 21 = 4 + (20) 3
a 21 = 4 + 60
a 21 = 64
Thus, the 21 st term is 64.
Remember:
a n = a 1 + (n -1) d
Arithmetic Means
The arithmetic mean , also called the average or average value, is the quantity
obtained by summing two or more numbers or variables and then dividing the sum by the
number of numbers or variables. The arithmetic mean is important in statistics.
rithmetic means
rithmetic extremes
4 and 24 -the first and last term of a finite arithmetic sequence are called arithmetic
extremes ,
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The arithmetic mean between two numbers is sometimes called the average of two
numbers. If more than one arithmetic means will be inserted then employ the formula for d,
where
Examples:
Thus 2 is the common difference and is positive. Therefore, add it to the first term to get the
succeeding term. Hence, 10, 12, 14, are the arithmetic means.
Remember:
Arithmetic Series
A series is the indicated sum of the terms of a sequence. The word “series” can be
used both in the singular and in the plural form.
An arithmetic series is an indicated sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence.
The sequence : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, …
The series : 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6, …
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Practice 1:
Write each arithmetic sequence as an arithmetic series.
1. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25,…
2. -3, -6, -9, -12, -15,…
3. 8, 3, -2, -7,…
4. -7, 2, 11, 20,…
5. 1, 5, 9, 13,…
Practice 2:
Write each arithmetic series as an arithmetic sequence.
1. 2 + 5 + 8,…
2. 3 + 5 + 7,…
3. -12 +( -6 ) + 0,…
4. 5 + 8 + 11,…
5. 12 + 21 + 30,…
How do we find the sum of the 1st n terms of an arithmetic sequence? Gauss
solved the problem in almost no time at all. His idea was the following.
Sn = (a 1
+ an )
Sn = [ 2a 1 + ( n – 1)d ]
Where a 1
= first term,
n = number of terms,
d = common difference ,
a n
= nth terms
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Examples:
A. Find the sum of the first 100 natural numbers.
Solution:
The sum of the first 100 natural numbers is 1 + 2 + 3 + ,…+ 100
In this arithmetic series, a 1
= 1, a n = 100, n = 100
Since the last term is given use the first formula, S n= (a1 + a n )
S 100
= 50(101)
S 100 = 5050 answer
B. Find the sum of the first 14 terms of the arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 15, 17…
Solution:
The last term is not given so we use the second formula.
a 1 = 2, d = 3, n = 14
Sn= [ 2a 1 + ( n – 1)d ]
Substitute the given,
S 14 = [ 2(2) + ( 14 – 1)3]
S 14 = 7 [ 4 + 13(3)]
S 14 = 7(43)
S 14 = 301 answer
Solution: a 1 = 3, a n = 99, d = 3
First, we determine how many multiples of 3 there are between 1 and 100.
a n = a 1 + ( n -1) d Thus, there are 33 multiples of 3 between 1 and 100.
99 = 3 + (n – 1)3 To find the sum, we use the formula
99 = 3 + 3n -3 Sn = (a 1 + a n )
99 = 3n S 33 = (3 + 99)
33 = n S 33
= 1683 answer
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What’s More
Independent Activity 1
A. Write the first five terms of the arithmetic sequence from the given data.
1. a 1
= 1; d =1
2. a 1
= 15; d = -3
3. a 1= -18; d =7
4. a 1= ;d=
5. a 1
= 2; d =3
th
__________3. 9, 18, 27, … the 10 term
th
__________4. 3, 9, 15, 21, … the 50 term
th
__________5. 3, 7, 11, 15, … the 25 term
Independent Assessment 1
4. If a 1 = 5 and a 7
= 17, find the common difference.
Independent Activity 2
A. What is the arithmetic mean between the two given numbers?
___________1. 5 and 19
___________2. -2 and 58
___________3. 17 and 7
___________4. 1 and 9
___________5. -5 and 3
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B. Find the missing terms of each arithmetic sequence.
1. 7, _____, 9
Independent Assessment 2
1. The first term of an arithmetic sequence is 2 while the 5th term is 30. Find the
common difference of the sequence.
a. 7 c. 6
b. 5 d. 3
3. If three arithmetic means are inserted between 11 and 39, find the second
arithmetic mean.
a. 18 c. 32
b. 25 d. 46
a. 0 c. 9
b. –9 d. 18
a. –7 c. –14
b. 7 d. 14
Independent Activity 3
1. 2, 5, 8, … to 8 terms
2. 3, 5, 7 ,… to 31 terms
4. Find the sum of the first ten terms of the arithmetic series 4+10+16+…
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Independent Assessment 3
A. 50 B. 80 C. 290 D. 350
5. Find the sum of the Arithmetic Series if the given are a 1 =7, d=5 and n=15.
Complete the concept of arithmetic sequence by choosing the correct word inside the
parenthesis.
I have learned in this module that an arithmetic sequence is a list of numbers where
the _____ (1. sum , difference) between each number is the same or constant. The
constant number is called the _____ (2. term , common difference) . To tell whether or not
a sequence is arithmetic, we need to be able to see what is happening between each _____
(3. term , constant) . Understanding arithmetic sequences, and how to identify them is a
great way to develop critical thinking skills.
For example, in this sequence, 5, 12, 19, 26…, we can tell that this is an arithmetic
sequences by _____ (4. adding , subtracting) each term from the one following it.
Meanwhile, arithm etic _____ (5. mean , series) is a value that is betw een any tw o
terms of the sequence. Hence _____ (6. 5 and 26, 12 and 19) are the arithmetic means
in the example.
An arithmetic series is the _____ (7. sum , difference) of the terms in an arithmetic
sequence with or without a definite number of terms. The formula for the sum if the last term
is given is ____(8. , , ) .When the last term is not given, the
formula to find the sum is (9. , )
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What I Can Do
It is alarming that many people now are being infected by COVID -19. As
a student in your school, you invited people to give a five-day series of talks
on COVID-19 and its prevention every first Friday of the month from 12 noon
to 1 P.M. using any online platform. On the first day, 20 students attended.
Finding the talk interesting, these 20 students shared the talk to other
students and 10 more students attended on the second day, another 10 more
students on the third day, and so on.
b. Represent the data in the table using a formula. Use the formula to justify
your data in the table.
c. You feel that there is still a need to extend the series of talks, so you
decided to continue it for three more days. If the pattern continues where
there are 10 additional students for each talk, how many students are
there in all?
Assessment
1. Find the 25th term of the arithmetic sequence 3, 7, 11, 15, 19,...
a. 109 b. 99 c. 90 d. 89
2. Give the common difference of the arithmetic sequence –15, -10, -5, …
a. 5 b. 10 c. –5 d. –10
3. Which term of the arithmetic sequence is -18, given that a 1
= 7 and a 2
= 2?
a. 6th term b. 5th term c. 4th term d. 3rd term
4. Which term of the arithmetic sequence 18, 11, 4, …. Is -73?
a. 24th term b.11th term c. 21st term d. 14th term
5. Find the twelfth term of 16, 12, 8, ….
a. 28 b. 26 c. –28 d. –26
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6. Find the arithmetic mean between -1 and -21.
a. 11 b. –11 c. 6 d. –6
7. If five arithmetic means are inserted between - 9 and 9, what is the third mean?
a. 0 b. –1 c. –2 d. –3
8. What are the first and last terms of an arithmetic sequence when its arithmetic
means are 35, 15, and - 5?
a. 55 and 25 b. –55 and 25 c. 55 and –25 d. –55 and –25
9. Find 2 arithmetic means between -5 and 4.
a. –2 and –1 b. 2 and 1 c. –2 and 1 d. 2 and –1
10. Insert 3 arithmetic means between 0 and 8.
a. 1, 2, 3 b. 3, 6, 9 c. 4, 8, 12 d. 2, 4, 6
For numbers 11 - 15, find the sum of each of the following:
11. integers from 1 to 50
a. 1375 b. 1075 c. 1175 d. 1275
12. odd integers from 1 to 100
a. 1000 b. 1500 c. 2000 d. 2500
13. even integers between 1 and 101
a. 2550 b. 2650 c. 2750 d. 2850
14. first 25 terms of the arithmetic sequence 4, 9, 14, 19, 24, ...
a. 1300 b. 1400 c. 1500 d. 1600
15. Multiples of 3 from 15 to 45
a. 230 b. 330 c. 430 d. 530
Additional Activity
Try This:
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Answer Key
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References
Jose-Dilao, Soledad, Intermediate Algebra for Second Year , Revised Edidtion, Julieta G.
Bernabe .Quezon City : SD Publications, Inc. 2009
Callanta, Melvin M., Canonigo Allan M., Chua Arnaldo I., Cruz Jerry D., Esparrago Mirla
S., Garcia, Elino S., Magnaye, Aries N., Orines Fernando B., Perez Rowena S.,
and Ternida, Concepcion S., Learning Materials for Grade 10 , First Edition, Pasig
City: REX Book Store. 2015
Floresca Jr., Emeterio Jovinal, Math for Today’s Learner 10 , Lucena: Kampana Publishing
House, Inc. 2014
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