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A Language With Multiple Origins

A contact language is used for basic communication between people who don't share a common language. Lingua francas and planned languages are examples of contact languages. While lingua francas emerge naturally, planned languages are consciously constructed. Mixed languages have multiple influences on their vocabulary and grammar, unlike most languages which are dominated by a single source. Pidgins and creoles are other results of language contact, with pidgins used mainly for trade and creoles developing when a pidgin becomes a community's native language.

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24 views

A Language With Multiple Origins

A contact language is used for basic communication between people who don't share a common language. Lingua francas and planned languages are examples of contact languages. While lingua francas emerge naturally, planned languages are consciously constructed. Mixed languages have multiple influences on their vocabulary and grammar, unlike most languages which are dominated by a single source. Pidgins and creoles are other results of language contact, with pidgins used mainly for trade and creoles developing when a pidgin becomes a community's native language.

Uploaded by

Shang Marie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A contact language is a kind of lingua franca used by people who do not share a common language for

basic communication. A lingua franca is a language that is used as a medium of communication by


people who don’t have the same native language. One example of a lingua franca is the Tagalog
language. Because there are different dialects found in the Philippines, using a lingua franca is essential
for faster and easier communication.

Contact between people who speak different languages can have a wide range of outcomes. In some
cases, only a few words are borrowed, while in others, entire new languages may emerge.

While under the contact language we have the planned language and mixed language.

Planned language also called as a constructed language it is intended for circumstances involving
international contact in which the parties interacting do not share a shared language or one language.
Planned languages are languages that have been purposefully designed. They are the result of
deliberate controlling intervention, thus of a form of language planning. Few examples of a planned
language are Esperanto, Klingon, and Dothraki--that has been consciously created by an individual or
group.

While a mixed language is a language with multiple origins. Although all languages have certain
loanwords or other examples of influence, much of the basic vocabulary and grammar comes from a
single source; the term "mixed" is generally reserved for situations where this isn't the case. One
example of a mixed language is the Bonin English, it is a mixture of Japanese and English creole.

Different authors disagree on the precise meaning of mixed language, particularly when it comes to the
inclusion of pidgins and creoles.

Pidgins and creoles are developed in multilingual communities. These languages involve several
substrate languages spoken by majority of population and a superstrate language spoken by small but
economically powerful social group. Before going on with the topic, let me first explain what is a
substrate and superstrate. A substrate language is one that was in a place before a new language arrived
and took over. A superstrate language is one that makes inroads or progress into a place where a
language is already fully established.

Among the most fascinating cases of language contact are those that occurred as a result of trade or
colonial expansion. Such compromises frequently result in pidgins, which are highly reduced languages
with a limited vocabulary and grammar that are primarily used for trade. The term 'pidgin' is thought to
have originated from the word 'business.' Pidgins have also emerged in other contexts other than trade,
such as military occupation (Pidgin English in Japan), domestic settings for communication between
masters and servants of different linguistic backgrounds (Indian Butler English), and on plantations
(Hawaiian Pidgin English). Some pidgins use a wider range of vocabulary than others. Some pidgins are
evolved from simply being pidgins to being a fully developed natural language. One Example include
languages like Tok Pisin and Bislama, official languages of Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu respectively,
both descended from an earlier plantation pidgin.

Creoles are thought to be formed when a pidgin developed by adults for use as a second language
becomes the native and primary language of their children – a process known as nativization. Creole, is a
stable natural language that develops from the simplifying and mixing of different languages into a new
one within a fairly brief period of time. Like any language, creoles are characterized by a consistent
system of grammar, possess large stable vocabularies, and are acquired by children as their native
language. These three features distinguish a creole language from a pidgin

Pidgins are mainly distributed with direct or easy access to oceans. They are found mainly in the
Caribbean and around the north and east coasts of south America and Africa.

Reference:

https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/languages-contact

http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Mixed_language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creole_language

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