Roll No- 2 6

Name Shubha m Lah

Assign ment N0. 2

What ase the uncti.ons o*30-tectNe selays.

Funethoa ot pxotective RelayinqS to Couse he Dicri
aemoued s o m aay sexvice o element_oLa pouwe

System when s u t e s s a shozt Cseultox uheat

SteKs o operate 0 cy abnoxmal mannes hat mau
Ceuse damage os othe ulse intestese wthhe
et}ecaNe opesQtio.nsot
othesest o he SyStem

2 DeB1ne pxo tectcd zone wih example

> Psotecthon 2one is oeRined as he pav o* the

Powe System uhich is cxeated by Cex tain ree

- uve 5 Scheme. Thus, only h e tou lt system
Qastelement will be isolated wlthout distvibi
Test ist the System,

3. hat oxe unit nd on-Ualt Sy

y stem
Aunit System s one in which only faults occu
wIthin its psoteetecd 2one as e isolated.
Ystem wheh
A Hon-Unit 5ystem is a rotec t1NC System
Covaed when taultts a v e ex ternQl to
1ts p1o1t

2one
hat simaay pxot eetion {
s

Thesimaxy psoteetio0 is the is une xoeoio-

whieh ONIdes 9uitkK.
Qctin and selecaye eaxi n
a y l r wlthin the bound0xy
he Ciscult Sectia
is protecBs

SWhat is baek-»p ssteetton

Baek-up xoteetion pxONIdes he baeK up tohe molN-
Yotecnon uneneve t 4alls in pexatLon otlts
Cut ovt to73epairs

Dekme opesatng hme ot aelay

h e o0eKatinq ime_afazelay 1s_ defmed ashe
me whieh ela.pses Detueen he instan uheohe
Gckuating quantity exceeds the pieKup Nglue o the
nstant when the relay Con4acts elose

l h a t are the tectures at direetional relays 1

ea tuses o dlsectional Relays ase as

a Hgh Sqeed opes0tio0

b)Hogh Sen siwity-
C) Advo cate shot tme
d Iheamal Rating
 Lgn ns. Qestions
wlhat ase the dResent t p e s f eleetsomagneHc
Telays Dseuss their ield o apli00t1ons
Dapendinq o n the wocKing 0Tinaple these on be
duded mto «BelloLaing e s et Clectsamagnehe
selayS-
I AtLtedAxmatse y e zela-
ductionDisc Oe gelay.
adueion Cup 0 e selay
N Banced Beamtyee selay.
lauiag Col e elay-
NI Pola-sizea Mouno Tson 4Pe selay
Hplucat1ans oR electreomagaec RelaY
These Qse asmegous Gplucations
Rox elechso mech
-Ca elays Vaxious tNe otselays Gre vsed in va

applucaions based on diRexegtCitexia Such as sti-

otConacts nmbes and eo+ Contects ,the Nalkac
Tang 6 oo tocts 0Pesetine WBetime Col
Current ,paekag e and Nolkage
So on.
Relays Te tsequency
being
being Used in
ovoe System netwosKS tos
coDo
UspOse, autdmaAion PUnpose , cnd
The y0ical
psotectlon 9uspos
applueatton s atelectaormagne ic selays-
nelude motos ontaol
,avtomotiv e &Pp\iea41ons Such
an elecBical vel
ump ndus Aaicl a Plicatuons wheec-
onttol of high Voltages and Cussents 1s 0 tendec
Controllun lasge powex lo2dsG.n d soo0,
 Desexibe the ConsiauCAion 0nd pziaciple o4 o0esotion
oa0 \nduetio typeDisc 4 Cu 5elay
CoOst CtOo
h e magnetiC System o ne xel is consuced
by ctta.ching numbeaso solas_Cu seel Sheets
The nagaetie ole ose pxoje0 ked inae innex peipheay
ak these laminaAea sheets. he ield Cslls are wcund
on these lamanaed poles The eld Csil e4 Auo
6pposite Aaungoles ae Connected in Sexies
h e alomnums4 CupOs daum1ate o a a lam1notecd
ixoae core is Casiea bya sp1ndle uhose ends At
n jaueied eup.s ox beasiags he lem1nated magnete
Phela is pouided on nside he Cup.os dium &o
Saeng taen he_magneiic ield_Cutting the p

Pantex
LCang-ted
mognetC
Systen

Alumnium Ovvm
No-inductiv e
eSSience

Tnductoncel
 bYKing fzneiple oTadudtio Cp Rela
The woxKinq psinLiple ot Tnductlon aup elay
Same as theinduction morD A 0tating mar
Lelo ispiaduced by dexent-paiss a eld.
m tou loles desuga bon 00 lesare Supiu
somone (urxent ransBor meis secondisy
íecondasy
hase dutiesence hetween he CusxenS ao
pa1ss1s o leg This is_done oy insestiag co und
10 Sexles with Coil ot one pole aiKana byinsexr
a sesstos in Sesies u l h Coll_ of ns thes o l e R

The sot0ting mag.neHC Aield inouces urxet_0h

Qlumaum bxum ox Cwp Hper Lwonkine incigE_
0 ducton motor he cup Stasts 7Onne in n

section ok the sotatiaq nec-e bine magneic tield

Q Speed Slghtl less thaa the zotetino MAgnetic +it
The alum1nium Cup i s attached wlth a hals Spiing-
n nxmal Comdtion h e bes ton1ne toxque
toxque
Spsing s highes than deAiecALno tosque ot the Cof
So thexe is no Movement o4 he Cup. TheContau
Cta.ched to he movine t the Cu t spec1tic
Ong le D Ototlon
3 OesieNe me nises sa)
toxque equotio0
et oseume he
tolloolng
= Noltage agped

CUsent hrogh l0di0g

Angle e between Noltcge oQnd Cuxxen
T Aax1mum korquecngl&-

TUnivedsel oxqe equatio0.

-Toque setUP by the uaxent Col
oxque set p y he loltcge Coil
ToXque Set up ny both valt&ge Cnd Cuazent (oilL
T Tosque pzaduced oy Contol spsM-

he
xotectiNe sel@y (o0sIsts o4 eleroma_nets
with atmatuxe os mdluctlon dlsc Some o h e
electromegne ts wil haue lmgl1 0gs 4ox Cusxeot ox
ValtageThe tosque se by he Cuxent Cot\ 1s
disecty 3opOstional to h e Squase aB the canco

i.e

The tox que set by t h eNoaltageCotl s dnecty

noporio na to thee Suaae o the Noltee L.e.

The to que rocuceu by both the loltage and (usren

Coils is directly 30p.0stionel to the pxaslu.et o
Gnol
Noltage i s l o e n t 1e
T < VT cos ( -A)
he torque Set U mby the ContTol Spino 1s Qiv
The

torqve equaHon
i s obtained when
he univexsel
the elemens axe ConSidexed In fhe Telay i e

SubstitutLQg eguations o T,T T3 nd T

h e cbave equaion , i e e

Ahe obove euatloq epxesea-t n e V0ivess|

eque o n ot e@y

EXplain tae pxotectton ttaibutes_in sO¥ective

selcying System
n 6s des hat xotective elcy System ma iex
mis tonetion SQs Bactosy it-shoulel have the iollou
Cualuties
Selectislty
I s the c b i l t o t the paotective Syste) to Seiea

Coxxeety that pat 4 he System in t7ouble and

h
cisconnect the Haulty pavt thout ds tuz bi ng
%est aot h e ys tem
Awel desigmecd&nal ettiesent <eley System Shou u
SecctNe ie.1t hovld be able to aleteet he poln
Gtwhch h e tau Ib occuss and Cauce h e openingy
the Cwt reoe5 eem closect to he teuult
 mmimumOs no
damage to the System.
Speed
The xe&y System fhould ouseonnect the a u l y

Section as astas possble on the Poilowing

eso0s

Electaical cpaxa tus may be demage i4 hey aze

made to Cexy the ault Cuxxents SoxaLong
me.
T h e high - speed elay System eecxeaces the
0t o0e type ot tault
ossiblyof developmeat
0to the other moi eSevex e tpe
3 SensitHIy 1

IFSthe Qbltuty of tha seley System to opexcte

with 0 loo yolue oB Lctuating quantly.

The Smallex the ldl4 -ompeve input aequired to

he mose senstive ghe-

Quse aeny pexation,

ela.
Reliailuty to opercte
t i s the abuy t the selay System
Condtiuns. yihovt ratettl-
unes re-detesmined
funetion properly the clie
t
Ve
ve elayine fails
nefPective.
ation teatuves Cte laYgely
m4g
SSim plu u ty so mQ+ 1
Simple
Shavlo be
he e l a y i n o y s t e m
Reliability is clased
Can be easlly main tauned,
th&rotetecto
seloted oStmPucity. The Stm ple
 Scheme Hae qseater oill be its Telabiliy..

5 Explaun he CT4 PT along with iEs anstxyetian

appli.ca-hon in poex System
h e Constxve+oa uaeot saosR Ose me ncludes
cdtes ent teatuses bosed on the desigo like
prl mazy ompese - Auxos cose, windi0gs aned insuld~i=

Timasy Ampuse Tuxn s

The noo PsimQiy-0mpeae- uxns in the txanstames
nge s x o m 50o0 to \oo Oo so hese a e
decidecd hough he ximaayCovset
Cose
lo chlev e khe \ouw magne ti 21n Cmpere
twrsts,
the CoTe mates1al mustaclude \ 6u non losses
Cnd lou 7elutten ce Coxematexials \ike tualcEE
an an alloy of I1on include difPex eot a0pex +1e
ike Lo 10ss,high 0exmeabiliy.
indings
hetaKagexecctance n the taangtozme Con
on be
u
TLduce. by plaeinq the windings close to eaenothe

he r e s used in h e almasy windings axe oPppex

Stlpsnal oy 5econdasy Slor
The
wlses e us
designa9 othese. indings or
Can be done
&ppxopiate stength ixed braaing wlthou 7
haTm
Insulation-
h eindlogs o Ahe txens oame[ cze insulate
Sin Ncanisht tap ee. he plca-i.ons 6
hig
Voltage
Voleage need asutaH00 asxeagemeots uh1th ase-
abse b ec by h e oiL Used
2on the wl0dings
Ihedles1gn0g he cose ia the xaastoxmex
C&n be done usingSilucon steel lamine tloo.me-
Ax
ans Fosmers xima omuiag3 CAaes Casxles
the Cuxen t 4 i s Conoecked to the
majox acyt
Ihe lment 0 the Secondasy oladings is_ Ps0lastone
to
the Coment n he
pumaiy.uinaings tits
Coanec ted to n e meexs oainstunmett s

Consuetion o o Potentiel tosomex

Fuse

-12oV
Y Soiey Volt me+C3
Potential ixoasRoame C<e ConsAucted wItn hgh
Quad to opesate ot louo 4UX densiY 1ouo mognehi
Cwent, nel mioimized load , Whea compased toq
ConuenonalransRosme3 ,it Uses lasgeSaduc
Qnu cn ison Lose iF Coa be designed i n the ozu

OR C o s e tye Gmo Shell tye n d Shell ype to

ensuze the hi_hest accOracyUsuelly eoxetype

potential tiaostoxmexs ase xe Rexxeod to transfcr
tne high Noltage o loues Naltage.
U s e s co-axial windings o reel uce the leaka
zea0tanee As he potea Hol transReamezk Qre oleie
thagh uolrages *he high voltcge xnasy undling
1s divided 19to Small sections tuxas_Cotls to

edute me insulotion costend damag e, Theph

ShP edvee between an tnput voltage and outf
Votage Shoull be moqitosed Caxe Rully to Ynainttain
l o w e otage byVanying h e lodel, Wndings cove

wtn Vanish Cembyie n d Cotton t a pe ta seauc e t

0suLatlon Cost