Latin 3 Course Dictionary (Complete)

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Table of Contents
A..................................................................................................................................................................1
B.................................................................................................................................................................. 3
C..................................................................................................................................................................3
D..................................................................................................................................................................6
E................................................................................................................................................................... 7
F...................................................................................................................................................................7
G..................................................................................................................................................................8
H..................................................................................................................................................................9
I................................................................................................................................................................... 9
J................................................................................................................................................................. 11
K................................................................................................................................................................ 11
L.................................................................................................................................................................11
M...............................................................................................................................................................12
N................................................................................................................................................................13
O................................................................................................................................................................14
P................................................................................................................................................................ 15
Q................................................................................................................................................................17
R................................................................................................................................................................ 18
S.................................................................................................................................................................18
T.................................................................................................................................................................20
U................................................................................................................................................................21
V................................................................................................................................................................ 21
Z.................................................................................................................................................................22

1
A
a/ab, prep (+ abl), away from, by (with a passive verb)

abdo, abdere, abdidi, abditus, hide, conceal, remove

absum, abesse, aufui, aufuturum, be away

absumo, absumere, absumpsi, absumptus, reduce, consume, waste, destroy

abutor, abuti, abusus sum (+ abl.), waste, abuse

ac, conj., and

accedo, accedere, accessi, accessus, come near, approach

accingo, accingere, accinxi, accinctus, surround, equip

acer, acris, acre, bitter, hostile

acerbus, acerba, acerbum, harsh, bitter

Achilles, Achillis, m., Achilles (Greek leader)

acies, aciei, f., line of battle

acquiesco, acquiescere, acquievi, acquietus, lie with (+ abl.), rest, relax

ad, prep (+ acc), to, toward; (+ gerund or gerundive), in order to, for

adduco, adducere, adduxi, adductus, lead… to

adeo, adire, adii OR adivi, aditus, approach, encounter

adhuc, adv., thus far

aditus, aditus, m., approach

adnuo, adnuere, adnui, adnutus, nod

adsum, adesse, affui, affuturus, be present

adulescens, adulescentis, young

adventus, adventus, m., arrival

Aeacidus, Aeacidi, m., son of Aeacus (Achilles)

aedifico, aedificare, aedificavi, aedificatum, build

aedificium, aedificii, n., building

2
aeger, aegra, aegrum, sick, ill

Aeneas, Aeneae, m., Aeneas

Aeneis, Aeneidis, m., Aeneid

Aeolia, Aeoliae, f., Aeolia (land of the winds)

Aeolus, Aeoli, m., Aeolus (king of the winds)

aequor, aequoris, n., level, plain, sea

aes, aeris, m., bronze (Greek Noun)

aestas, aestatis, f., summer

aestimo, aestimare, aestimavi, aestimatus, value, assess

aetas, aetatis, f., age, era

aether, aetheris, m., upper-air, heavens, sky

Africus, Africi, m., the Southwest Wind

ager, agri, m., field

aggredior, aggredi, aggressus sum, go to, attack

agito, agitare, agitavi, agitates, disturb, drive, trouble

agmen, agminis, n., line of march

agna, agnae, f., ewe, lamb

ago, agere, egi, actus, do, drive

agricola, agricolae, m., farmer

Albanus, Albana, Albanum, Alban, of Alba Longa (mother city of Rome)

aliquis, aliquis, aliquid, some, any; someone, something, anyone, anything; after si, nisi, num, ne, no ali-

alius, alia, aliud, another, other (gen sing, alius; dat sing, alii)

alter, altera, alterum, another, other

altum, alti, n., the deep (sea)

altus, alta, altum, high, deep, tall

3
ambulo, ambulare, ambulavi, ambulatum, walk

amicus, amica, amicum, friendly

amicus, amici, m., friend

amo, amare, amavi, amatus, love

amor, amoris, m., love, desire

Anchises, Anchisae, m., Anchises (father of Aeneas)

Andramache, Andramaches, f., Andramache (Andramache)

anima, animae, f., spirit

animus, animi, m., mind; pl, courage

annus, anni, m., year

ante, prep (+ acc.), before, in front of; adv., before

antiquus, antiqua, antiquum, old, ancient

antrum, antri, n., cave

aperio, aperire, aperui, apertus, open

Apollo, Apollonis, m., Apollo

appello, appellare, appellavi, appellatum, call, name

appeto, appetere, appetivi, appetitus, grasp after, desire

aqua, aquae, f., water

aquila, aquilae, f., eagle

Aquitani, Aquitanorum, m. pl., Aquitani

arbitror, arbitrari, arbitrates sum, think

arbor, arboris, f., tree

ardor, ardoris, m., fire, flame, heat

Argi, Argorum, m. pl., Argos (Greek city)

argumentum, argumenti, n., proof

4
arma, armorum, n. pl., arms, weapons

arrigo, arrigere, arrexi, arrectus, set upright, raise, erect

ars, artis, f., art, skill

artus, artus, m., joint

arvum, arvi, n., field, soil

arx, arcis, f., citadel, summit, peak

as, assis, m., penny, copper coin

Ascanius, Ascanii, m., Ascanius

ascendo, ascendere, ascendi, ascensus, climb

asper, aspera, asperum, harsh, rough, fierce

at, conj., but

ater, atra, atrum, black

Athenae, Athenarum, f. pl., Athens

atque, conjunction, and

auctoritas, auctoritatis, f., authority

audacia, audaciae, f., audacity, boldness

audio, audire, audivi, auditus, hear

aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus, bear away, take away

aura, aurae, f., breeze, air

auris, auris, f., ear, hearing

aurus, aura, aurum, golden

Auster, Austri, m., South Wind

auxilium, auxilii, n., help, assistance; (pl.) references

aut, conjunction, or; aut … aut …, either … or …

autem, on the other hand

5
aveo, avere, -, -, hail

averto, avertere, averti, aversus, divert, rout

B
basium, basii, n., kiss

beatus, beata, beatum, lucky

Belgae, Belgarum, m. pl, Belgae

bellum, belli, n., war; bellum gero, wage war

bellus, bella, bellum, beautiful, fine

bene, adv., well

biblioteca, bibliotecae, f., library

bonus, bona, bonum, good

bracchium, bracchii, n., arm

brevis, brevis, breve, brief, short

bucolicus, bucolica, bucolicum, pastoral, pertaining to shepherds; Bucolicum, Bucolici, n., Bucolic poem
(of Vergil or Theocritus)

C
cacumen, cacuminis, n., summit, extreme point

cado, cadere, cecidi, casus, fall, sink

caecus, caeca, caecum, blind

caedes, caedis, f., slaughter

caelestis, caelestis, caeleste, divine, heavenly

caelum, caeli, n., sky

Caesar, Caesaris, m., Caesar (Gaius Iulius Caesar)

Calabri, Calabrorum, m. pl., Calabri

campus, campi, m., plain, surface, sea

6
canis, canis, m./f., dog

cano, canere, cecini, cantus, sing, play (an instrument)

capio, capere, capivi, captus, seize, capture; consilium capio, adopt a plan

captivus, captivi, m., captive, prisoner

caput, capitis, n., head

carcer, carceris, m., prison

carmen, carminis, n., song, poem

carus, cara, carum, dear, costly, precious

Cassandra, Cassandrae, f., Cassandra (prophetic Trojan princess)

castra, castrorum, n. pl., camp, fortification

casus, casus, m., accident

Catilina, Catilinae, m. Catiline

Catullus, Catulli, m., Catullus

causa, causae, f., cause; causa in ablative (+ gen), for the sake of

cavus, cava, cavum, hollow

celer, celeris, celere, quick, fast

celeritas, celeritatis, f., speed

celsus, celsa, celsum, high, lofty

Celtae, Celtarum, m pl, Celts

centum, indeclinable adjective, one-hundred

centurio, centurionis, m., centurion, commander

cerno, cernere, crevi, cretus, sift, separate, distinguish

certus, certa, certum, fixed; certain

cerva, cervae, f., deer

charta, chartae, f., paper; map

7
cibus, cibi, m., food

Cicero, Ciceronis, m., Cicero (Marcus Tullius Cicero)

cieo, ciere, civi, citus, move, disturb

cingo, cingere, cinxi, cinctus, surround, encircle, gird

circum (+ acc), around

circumsilio, circumsilire, -, -, jump/hop around

cithera, citherae, f., lyre, lute, stringed-instrument

civilis, civilis, civile, civil

civis, civis, civium, m., citizen

civitas, civitatis, f., state

clarus, clara, clarum, clear, famous

classis, classis, f., fleet, class

claustra, claustrorum, n. pl., bolts, barriers

clemens, clementis, merciful, loving

clementia, clementiae, f., mercy

coerceo, coercere, coercui, coercitus, enclose, confine

cognomen, cognominis, n., family-name

cohors, cohortis, f., cohort

collis, collis, m., hill

colo, colere, colui, cultum, cultivate, till; deum colo, worship a god

columba, columbae, f., dove

coma, comae, f., hair

comes, comitis, m., comrade

commoveo, commovere, commove, commotus, shake, disturb, jolt

concordia, concordiae, f., harmony

8
concursus, concursus, m., assembly, encounter

condemno, condemnare, condemnavi, condemnatus, condemn, convict

condo, condere, condidi, conditus, build, found

confestim, adv., immediately, suddenly

confirmo, confirmare, confirmavi, confirmatus, strengthen

conicio, conicere, conieci, coniectus, throw together; conclude

coniunx, coniugis, m./f., spouse

coniuratio, coniurationis, f., conspiracy

coniuratus, coniurati, m., conspirator

conor, conari, conatus sum, try

conplector, conplecti, conplexus sum, embrace, hug

conscientia, conscientiae, f., guilt

conscribo, conscribere, conscripsi, conscriptus, enroll; patres conscripti, Senators

consilium, consilii, n., plan; consilium capio, adopt a plan

conspicio, conspicere, conspexi, conspectus, observe, witness

constringo, constringere, constrinxi, constrinctus, bind tight, hinder, restrain

consuetudo, consuetudinis, f., custom

consul, consulis, m., consul

consultum, consulti, n., decree

contendo, contendere, contendi, contentus, stretch, contend

contigit, contigere, contigit, -, impersonal verb, happen, be the good fortune of

conturbo, conturbare, conturbavi, conturbatus, confuse, disquiet

convenio, convenire, conveni, conventus, meet, assemble; (3 rd Person Singular) it is agreed

convoco, convocare, convocavi, convocatus, call together, assemble

coorior, cooriri, coortus sum, appear, originate

9
cor, cordis, n., heart

cornu, cornus, n., horn, wing of an army

corpus, corporis, n., body

corripio, corripere, corripui, correptus, snatch

cortex, corticis, m./f., bark, rind, shell

cotidianus, cotidiana, cotidianum, daily

creber, crebra, cerebrum, thick, frequent

credo, credere, credidi, creditus, (+ dat.) believe

cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus, grow, arise

Cresius, Cresia, Cresium, Cretan

crinis, crinis, m., hair

cruciatus, cruciatus, m., torture

culpa, culpae, f., blame

cultus, cultus, m., cultivation, refinement

cum, prep (+ abl), with, together with; (enclitic) set on the end of some pronouns

cum, conj (+ indicative), when; conj (+ subjunctive), when, since, although

cunctus, cuncta, cunctum, all, altogether

cupiditas, cupiditatis, f., desire

Cupido, Cupidinis, m., Cupid

cupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitus, desire, want

cur, interrogative adv, why

cura, curae, f., care

currus, currus, m., chariot, cart

cuspis, cuspidis, f., spear-point

custodia, custodiae, f., guard

10
custos, custodis, m., guard

Cyclopeus, Cyclopea, Cyclopeum, of the Cyclops, Cyclopean

D
Danaus, Danaa, Danaum, Danaan (Greek)

Daphne, Daphnes, f., Daphne (Greek Noun)

Dardanis, Dardanidis, m., descendent of Dardanus, Dardan, Dardanian

de, prep (+ abl), down from, about

dea, deae, f., goddess

deditio, deditionis, f., surrender

dehinc, adv., then, therefore

dein, adverb, then

deinde, adverb, then

deliciae, deliciarum, f. pl., pet; favorite; darling

depono, deponere, deposui, depositus, put down

desertus, deserta, desertum, deserted, empty

desiderium, desiderii, n., pleasure; desire

designo, designare, designavi, designatus, mark

desum, deesse, defui, defuturum, be lacking, neglect

deus, dei, m., god (nom. pl., di; dat. and abl pl., dis); deum colo, worship a god

devoro, devorare, devoravi, devoratus, devour

dextra, dextrae, f., right-hand

dico, dicere, dixi, dictum, say, tell

Dictaeus, Dictaea, Dictaeum, of Dicte, Dictean

Dido, Didonis, f., Dido (queen of Carthage)

dies, diei, m., day

11
differo, differre, distuli, dilatum, differ

discedo, discedere, discessi, discessum, leave, depart

disco, discere, didici, -, learn

discrimen, discriminis, n., crisis, division

disicio, disicere, disieci, disiectus, break up, scatter, halve, divide

dissolvo, dissolvere, dissolvi, dissolutum, destroy, melt

diu, adv., for a long time, all day; (comparative) diutius, longer

divido, dividere, divisi, divisum, divide

divus, diva, divum, divine

do, dare, dedi, datus, give

doceo, docere, docui, doctus, teach

doleo, dolere, dolui, dolitus, suffer, grieve, be angry

dolor, doloris, m., pain, anger, grief

dolus, dola, dolum, deceitful, cunning

domina, dominae, f., mistress

dominus, domini, m., masterfper

domus, domus/domi, f., home

dormio, dormire, dormivi, dormitus, sleep

dubito, dubitare, dubitavi, dubitatum, doubt, hesitate

duco, ducere, duxi, ductus, lead

dum, conj., (+ indicative) while; (+ subjunctive) until

duo, duae, duo, two (gen pl, duorum, duarum, duorum; dat/abl pl, duobus, duabus, duobus; acc pl,
duos, duas, duo)

duplex, duplicis, double, both

duro, durare, duravi, duratus, harden

durus, dura, durum, harsh, cruel

12
dux, ducis, m., leader, general

E
e/ex (+ abl), out of, from

effemino, effiminare, effeminavi, effeminatum, make womanly, weaken

effero, efferre, extuli, elatus, raise, carry out

effreno, effrenare, effrenavi, effrenatus, unbridle

effugio, effugere, effugi, effugitus, flee, escape

effundo, effundere, effudi, effuses, pour out

ego, mei, mihi, me, me, I, me

egredior, egredi, egressus sum, go out, leave

eludo, eludere, elusi, elusus, elude, escape

emitto, emittere, emisi, emissus, hurl, let go, utter

enim, postpositive, indeed

eo, adv., therefore

eo, ire, ivi/ii, iturum, go

equitatus, equitatus, m., cavalry

equus, equi, m., horse

et, and, also; et … et …, both … and …

etiam, adv., also, even

Eurus, Euri, m., the East Wind

excedo, excedere, excessi, excessus, withdraw

excidium, excidii, n., destruction, overthrow

excido, excidere, excidi, -, fall, perish

excrucio, excruciare, excruciavi, excruciatus, torture, torment

exercitus, exercitus, m., trained army

13
exitium, exitii, n., ruin

expallesco, expallescere, expallui, -, become pale

experior, experiri, expertus sum, try, test

exsilium, exilii, n., exile

exspecto, expectare, exspectavi, exspectatus, await, anticipate

exstinguo, exstinguere, exstinxi, exstinctus, quench, extinguish

extemplo, adv., immediately, forthwith

F
fas, indeclinable noun, divine law

facio, facere, feci, factum, do, make

factum, facti, n., deed

familia, familiae, f., family

fatum, facti, n., fate

fax, facis, f., torch, firebrand

felix, felicis, happy, lucky

fere, adverb, almost

fero, ferre, tuli, latum, bear, carry

ferrum, ferri, n., iron; tool, weapon

fetus, feta, fetum, pregnant, filled with, teeming with

figura, figurae, f., shape, form, figure

filius, filii, m., son

fingo, fingere, fixi, fixus, fasten, fix

finio, finire, finivi, finitus, limit, come to and end

finis, finis, finium, m., border

fio, fieri, factus sum, be made, become

14
flammo, flammare, flammavi, flammatus, set on fire

flecto, flectere, flexi, flexus, bend, persuade

fleo, flere, flevi, fletus, cry

fluctus, fluctus, m., wave, flood

flumen, fluminis, n., river

foedus, foederis, n., treaty

for, fari, fatus sum, say, speak

foris, foris, f., door, opening, entrance

fors, fortis, f., luck, chance

forsan, adv., perhaps

fortasse, adv., perhaps

fortis, fortis, forte, strong, brave

Forum, Fori, n., Forum

fossa, fossae, f., ditch

foveo, fovere, fovi, fotus, cherish

fragor, fragoris, m., noise, crash

frango, frangere, fregi, fractus, break

frater, fratris, m., brother

fremo, fremere, fremui, fremitus, murmur, roar

freno, frenare, frenavi, frenatus, bridle, restrain

frigus, frigoris, n., cold, cold weather, winter

frons, frondis, f., leaf, foliage

frumentum, frumenti, n., grain, fruit

fuga, fugae, f., flight

fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitus, flee

15
furo, furere, -, -, rage, rave, be mad, be wild

furor, furoris, m., rage

furtum, furti, n., theft

G
galea, galeae, f., helmet

Gallia, Galliae, f., Gaul, Gallia

Gallicus, Gallica, Gallicum, Gallic

Galli, Gallorum, m pl, Gauls

Ganymedes, Ganymedis, m., Ganymede (son of Trojan king; stolen by Jupiter and made cupbearer to the
gods)

Garruna, Garrunae, f, Garrone

genitor, genitoris, m., father, creator

gens, gentis, f., race, tribe, clan

genus, generis, n., race, seed

Germani, Germanorum, m pl, Germans

gero, gerere, gessi, gestum, wear; bellum gero, wage war

gigno, gignere, genui, genitus, give birth to, bear, beget

gladius, gladii, m., sword

gradior, gradi, grassus sum, walk, go (aggredior, egredior, progredior)

gratia, gratiae, f., favor, popularity, gratitude; (pl.) thanks; (abl.) for the sake of (+ gen.)

Graecia, Graeciae, f., Greece

Graecus, Graeca, Graecum, Greek

gravis, gravis, grave, heavy, painful, important, serious

gravitas, gravitates, f., weight

gremium, gremii, n., lap

16
H
habena, habenae, f., rein

habeo, habere, habui, habitus, have, hold

habesco, habescere, -, -, to become dull, blunt, dim

habito, habitare, habitavi, habitatus, live, inhabit

haereo, haerere, haesi, haesus, stick, adhere

harundo, harundinis, f., reed

Hector, Hectoris, m., Hector

Helvetii, Hevetiorum, m pl, Helvetii

hibernae, hibernarum, f. pl, winter quarters

hic, adv., here

hic, haec, hoc, this (sing), these (pl); the latter/nearer

hiems, hiemis, f., winter

hinc, adv., from here, hence

homo, hominis, m/f., human, person

horribilis, horribilis, horribile, awful

hortor, hortari, hortatus sum, urge, encourage

hospes, hospitis, m., guest, host

hostis, hostis, m., enemy

huc, adv., to here, hither, here

humanitas, humanitatis, f., humanity

I
iaceo, iacere, iacui, -, lie, lie dead

iacio, iacere, ieci, iactus, toss, throw, cast, hurl

iacto, iactare, iactavi, iactatus, hurl, throw away

17
iam, adv., now

ignarus, ignara, ignarum, ignorant, unaware

ignis, ignis, m., fire

ignobilis, ignobilis, ignobile, ignoble, unknown

ignominia, -ae, f., disgrace

ignoro, ignorare, ignoravi, ignoratum, not know, disregard

Iliacus, Iliaca, Iliacum, Ilian, Trojan

Ilium, Ilii, n., Ilium (Troy)

ille, illa, illud, that (sing.), those (pl.), the former

illic, adv., there, at that place

illuc, adv., to there, thither, there

immemor, immemoris, forgetful; lacking memory

immitis, immitis, immite, fierce, cruel

immo, adv., on the contrary

immortalis, immortalis, immortale, immortal

impedimentum, impedimenti, n., hinderance; pl, baggage

impello, impellere, impuli, impulsus, drive, force

imperator, imperatoris, m., commander, emperor

imperium, imperii, n., command, power

impetus, -us, m., attack

importo, importare, importavi, importatum, carry in, import

imus, ima, imum, lowest

in, prep (+ abl), in, on

in, prep (+ acc), into, onto, against

incautus, incauta, incautum, incautious, off-one’s-guard, unprotected

18
incendium, incendii, n., fire

incito, incitare, incitavi, incitatus, enrage; inspire

includo, includere, inclusi, inclusus, enclose, imprison

inclutus, incluta, inclutum, famous, celebrated

incolo, incolere, incolui, incultum, inhabit, live (in)

indigno, indignare, indignatus sum, be angry at, be offended by

inertia, inertiae, f., ignorance, inactivity

infelix, infelicis, unlucky, unhappy

infero, inferre, intuli, illatus, bring in

infestus, infesta, infestum, dangerous, hostile, disturbed

ingemo, ingemere, ingemui, -, groan, lament

ingens, ingentis, huge

inopia, inopiae, f., lack, need

inquiam, -, -, - , (defective), say (most commonly 3rd, singular, present, inquit)

insequor, insequi, insecutus sum, follow

insidia, insidiae, f., ambush

insignis, insignis, insigne, distinguished

institutum, instituti, n., custom

insto, instare, institi, -, pursue; be close to (with dative)

intellego, intellegere, intellexi, intellectus, understand, realize

inter, prep (+ acc), in between, among

interea, adv., meanwhile

interficio, interficere, interfeci, interfectus, kill

intersum, interesse, interfui, interfuturum, be in between

intervallum, intervalli, n, interval (between walls)

19
intono, intonare, intonui, -, thunder

intonsus, -a, -um, uncut, unshorn, with a long beard/hair

inveho, invehere, invexi, invectus, carry in, import

invideo, invidere, invidi, invisus, envy, begrudge

iocor, iocari, iocatus sum, joke, jest

ipse, ipsa, ipsum, (intensive pronoun

ira, irae, f., anger

is, ea, id, (third personal pronoun) he, she, it, his, her, its, him, they, them, their

iste, ista, istud, that (sing.), those (pl.)

ita, adv., so, thus, in such a way

Italia, Italiae, f., Italy

iter, itineris, n., journey

iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus, order, command

iudicium, iudicii, n., testimony

iudico, iudicare, iudicavi, iudicatus, judge

iugum, iugi, n., yoke

J
Iulus, Iuli, m., Iulus, Ascanius (son of Aeneas)

Iuno, Iunonis, f., Juno (queen of the gods)

Iuppiter, Iovis, m., Jupiter

iussus, iussus, m., order, command

iuvo, iuvare, iuvavi, iuvatus, help, delight; impersonal, it delights/pleases

K
Kalendae, -arum, f. pl., Kalends

Karthago, Karthaginis, f., Carthage

20
L
labor, laboris, m., work

laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratum, work

lacertus, lacerti, m., upper-arm

lacrima, lacrimae, f., tear

laedo, laedere, laesi, laesus, strike, hurt, offend

lateo, latere, latui, -, lie hidden, lurk

Latinus, Latina, Latinum, Latin

Latium, Latii, n., Latium (district of central Italy)

Latus, lateris, n., side

laurea, laureae, f., laurel tree

Lavinius, Lavinia, Lavinium, of Lavinia, Lavinian

Lavinium, Lavinii, n., Lavinium

laxus, laxa, laxus, loose, free

legatus, legati, m., envoy

lego, legere, legi, lectus, read

leo, leonis, m., lion

lepus, leporis, m., rabbit, hare

Lesbius, Lesbia, Lesbium, from Lesbos; Lesbia, -ae, f., Lesbia (likely Roman noble Clodia)

letalis, letalis, letale, deadly, fatal

levo, levare, levavi, levatus, lighten; release; polish

lex, legis, f., law

liber, libera, liberum, free

liber, libri, m., book

libero, liberare, liberavi, libratus, free

libido, libidinis, f., pleasure

21
lignum, ligni, n., wood

limen, liminis, n., threshold

lingua, linguae, f., tongue, language

linquo, linquere, liqui, lictus, leave

litus, litoris, n., seashore, beach, coast

locus, loci, m., place

longus, longa, longum, long, far

loquor, loqui, locutus sum, speak

lorum, lori, n., leather-strap; pl., reins

luctor, luctari, luctatus sum, struggle, wrestle

ludo, ludere, lusi, lusus, play; mock; tease; trick

ludus, ludi, m., school, game

lugeo, lugere, luxi, luctus, mourn, lament

lupus, lupi, m., wolf

lux, lucis, f., light

M
machinor, machinari, machinatus sum, devise, plot

maestus, maesta, maestum, sad, gloomy

magister, magistri, m., teacher

magnus, magna, magnum, great, large

malo, malle, malui, -, prefer

malum, mali., n., evil

malus, mala, malum, evil, bad

maneo, manere, mansi, mansurus, stay, remain

Mantua, Mantuae, f., Mantua

22
mare, maris, marium, n., sea

Martius, Martia, Martium, of March

mater, matris, f., mother

Matrona, Matronae, f., Marne

mellitus, mellita, mellitum, honeyed

membrum, membri, n., member, limb, organ

memini, meminisse, -, -, defective, remember (perfect in form, present in meaning)

memor, memoris, mindful, remembering, unforgetting

memoro, memorare, memoravi, memoratus, relate

mensis, mensis, m., month

mercator, mercatoris, m., merchant, trader

mereo, merere, merui, meritus, earn, deserve

meritum, meriti, n., service

metuo, metuere, metui, -, fear

metus, metus, m., fear

meus, mea, meum, my, my own

mico, micare, micavi, micatus, gleam, twinkle, flash

miles, militis, n., soldier, foot soldier

militia, militae, f., military service

mille, mille, millia, one-thousand

minimus, minima, minimum, smallest, least

ministro, ministrare, ministravi, ministratus, attend (to), serve

mirabilis, mirabilis, mirabile, wonderful

miror, mirari, miratus sum, wonder at

misceo, miscere, miscui, mixtus, mix, stir up

23
misellus, misella, misellum, poor little

miser, misera, miserum, miserable, poor

mitto, mittere, misi, missus, send

modo, conj., if only

modus, modi, m., manner, mode, way

moenia, moenium, n pl, ramparts, fortifications

moles, molis, f., mass; bulk, difficulty

mollio, mollire, mollivi, mellitus, soothe, calm

mollis, mollis, molle, soft, tender, flexible

mons, montis, m., mountain

monstrum, monstri, n., monster, portent

morior, mori, mortuus sum, die

moror, morari, moratus sum, delay

mors, mortis, f., death

morsus, morsus, m., bite; sting; anguish

mos, moris, m., custom; pl., behavior, morals

moveo, movere, movi, motus, move

mulceo, mulcere, mulsi, mulsus, stroke, touch lightly

multitudo, multitudinis, f., multitude

multum, adv, much

multus, multa, multum, much (sing), many (pl)

municipium, municipii, n., free-town

munio, munire, munivi, munitus, fortify

murmur, murmuris, n., murmur

murus, muri, m., wall

24
musa, musae, f., muse (goddess of the arts)

muto, mutare, mutavi, mutates, change, move, shift

N
nam, adv., for

nauta, nautae, m., sailor

navis, navis, f., ship

-ne, enclitic, (turns a statement into a yes-no question)

ne (+ purpose subjunctive), that … not, lest; (+ volitive subjunctive), not

necdum, adv., not yet

nego, negare, negavi, negatus, deny, refuse

nemus, nemoris, n., forest

Neptunus, Neptuni, m., Neptune

neque, conj., and … not; neque … neque …, neither … nor …

nequitia, nequitiae, f., wickedness

nescio, nescire, nescivi, nescitus, not know, be ignorant of

nescius, nescia, nescium, unaware, ignorant

nex, necis, f., slaughter

ni, conjunction, if … not

nihil, indeclinable, n., nothing; adv., not at all

nimbus, nimbi, m., rain-storm, cloud

nimium, adv., too much, too many

Niobe, Niobae, f., Niobe

niteo, nitere, nitui, -, shine, glitter

nitor, niti, nixus sum, press/lean on; struggle

nitor, nitoris, m., brightness, splendorF

25
nocturnus, nocturna, nocturnum, nightly

nolo, nolle, nolui, -, not wish

non, adv., not

nos, nostrum/nostri, nobis, nos, nobis, we, us

nosco, noscere, novi, notum, learn; perfect tense, know

noster, nostra, nostrum, our, our own

noscor, nosci, natus sum, be born

noto, notare, notavi, notatus, observe, record

Notus, Noti, m., the South wind

novus, nova, novum, new, strange

nox, noctis, f., night

numen, numinis, n., nodding of head, divine will, divinity

nunc, adv., now

nympha, nymphae, f., nymph

O
o, interjection, Oh

obsides, obsidis, m./f., hostage

occido, occidere, occidi, occisus, fall, perish

occumbo, occumbere, occumbui, occumbitus, meet, meet one’s death

occupo, occupare, occupavi, occupatus, seize, gain

ocellus, ocelli, m. little eye

oculus, oculi, m., eye

odi, odisse, osus, dislike, hate

odium, odii, n., hate

olim, adv., once, formerly

26
omnipotens, omnipotentis, all-powerful

omnis, omnis, omne, whole, entire (sing); all (pl)

onus, oneris, n., burden

opera, operae, f., deed, work

oppeto, oppetere, oppetivi, oppetitus, meet, encounter; (with mortem) die

oppidum, oppidi, n., town

opprimo, opprimere, oppressi, oppressus, suppress, crush

oppugno, oppugnare, oppugnavi, oppugnatus, fight against

ops, opis, f., power; (pl.) wealth

optimus, optima, optimum, best

ora, orae,f., edge, boundary, shore

oratio, orationis, f., speech

Orcus, Orci, m., Pluto, Underworld

ordo, ordinis, m., row, order, rank

orior, oriri, ortus sum, rise

os, oris, n., mouth, expression, face

osculum, osculi, n., little mouth, kiss

ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, ostensus, show, reveal

ostium, ostia, n., mouth, entrance

Ovidius, Ovidii, m., Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso)

P
Palatium, Palati, n., Palatine Hill

palma, palmae, f., palm, hand, palm tree

Parcae, Parcarum, f. pl., the Fates

Paris, Paridis, m., Trojan prince (abductor of Helen)

27
paro, parare, paravi, paratum, prepare

parricida, parricidae, f., parricide

pars, partis, f., part

Parthenope, Parthenopes, f., Parthenope, Naples (Greek Noun)

particeps, participis, m/f., participant

pascuus, pascua, pascuum, suitable for pasture, pasture-land

passer, passeris, m., sparrow

passus, passus, m., pace

pastor, pastoris, m., shepherd

pateo, patere, patui, -, stand open, lie open, extend

pater, patris, m., father; patres conscripti, patrum conscriptorum, m. pl., Senators

patientia, patientiae, f., endurance

patior, pati, passus sum, suffer, allow

patria, patriae, f., fatherland, country

pax, pacis, f., peace

pectus, pectoris, n., breast, heart, soul

pelagus, pelagi, n., sea

Peneidus, Peneida, Peneidum, Penean (of Peneus, god of the river)

Peneus, Penei, m., Peneus, god of the river

penitus, adv., deep within, inside

penna, pennae, f., feather

per. prep (+ acc), through

peragro, peragrare, peragravi, peragratus, travel every part of, scour

perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditus, destroy, ruin

perflo, perflare, perflavi, perflatus, blow over

28
perfugio, perfugere, perfugi, -, flee, desert

periculum, periculi, n., danger

pernicies, perniciei, f., destruction

perniciosus, perniciosa, perniciosum, dangerous, destructive

perpetuus, perpetua, perpetuum, everlasting

perterreo, perterrere, perterrui, perterritus, frighten

pertineo, pertinere, pertinui, pertentus, reach; + ad + acc, pertain to

pervenio, pervenire, perveni, perventus, come to, arrive, reach

pes, pedis, m., foot

pestis, pestis, f., plague

peto, petere, petivi, petitus, seek

pharetra, pharetrae, f., quiver

philosophus, philosophi, m., philosopher

Phoebus, Phoebi, m., Phoebus (Apollo)

pietas, pietatis, f., loyalty, devotion

piger, pigra, pigrum, sluggish, slow

pipio, pipiare, pipiavi, pipiatus, chirp

placeo, placer, placui, placitus, please, satisfy (+ dative)

placidus, placida, placidum, calm, quiet

plus, comparative adv., more

poeta, poetae, f., poet

poeticus, poetica, poeticum, poetic, of poetry

polliceor, polliceri, pollicitus sum, promise

Pollio, Pollionis, m., Polliofo

polus, poli, m., pole (of the earth or heavens), sky, heaven

29
pompa, pompae, f., parade

pono, ponere, posui, positus, place

pons, pontis, m., bridge

pontifex, pontifices, m., pontifex, priest

populus, populi, m., people

porta, portae, f., gate, door

porto, portare, portavi, portatus, carry

posco, poscere, poposci, -, demand

possum, posse, potui, -, be able

posthabeo, posthabere, posthabui, posthabitus, esteem less

postis, postis, m., door-post, door, doorway

postquam, conj., after

potestas, potestatis, f., power

praecordia, praecordiae, f., midriff, diaphragm, heart

praesens, praesentis, present, instant

praesidium, praesidii, n., guard, garrison

precor, precari, precatus sum, pray, beg

premo, premere, pressi, pressus, press, overwhelm

prex, precis, f., prayer, entreaty

pridem, adv., previously

primus, prima, primum, first

procedo, procedere, processi, processus, proceed, advance

procella, procellae, f., storm, squall

procul, adv., at a distance, far off

proelium, proelii, n., battle

30
proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum, set out, depart

profugus, profuga, profugum, exiled, fugitive

profundus, profunda, profundum, profound

progredior, progredi, progressus sum, go forth, advance

prohibeo, prohibere, prohibui, prohibitus, hold back, hinder

proicio, proicere, proieci, proiectus, throw … down, throw … forward

promitto, promittere, promisi, promissus, promise

propterea, adverb, for that reason, therefore

prospicio, prospicere, prospexi, prospectus, foresee, watch for

provincia, provinciae, f, province

Provincia, Provinciae, f., the Province (Provincia Romana, Gallia Transalpina, modern-day Provence)

proximus, proxima, proximum, nearest

publicus, publica, publicum, public

pudor, pudoris, m., shame

puella, puellae, f., girl

puer, pueri, m., boy

pugno, pugnare, pugnavi, pugnatus, fight

pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum, beautiful, handsome

Q
qua, adv., wherever

qualis, qualis, quale, what kind/sort/condition

quam, adv., (+ positive) how; (+ comparative) than; (+ superlative) as … as possible; tam … quam …, as …
as …

quantum, interrogative adv., how much, however much

quare, adv., why? wherefore?

quater, adv., four-times

31
-que, conjunction, and; -que … -que …, both … and …

quercus, querci, f., oak

querela, querelae, f., complaint

qui, quae, quod, relative pronoun, who, whose, whom, which, that

quietus, quieta, quietum, calm, quiet

quippe, adv., of course

quis, quid, interrogative pronoun, who, whose, whom, what

quisquam, quidquam, any

quisque, quidque, each, any

quo, interrogative adv, to what place, to where

quod, conjunction, because

quondam, adv., once, formerly

quoque, adverb, also

R
rabies, rabiei, f., madness

radix, radicis, f., root

ramus, rami, m., branch, bough

rapidus, rapida, rapidum, rapid, quick, fast

rapio, rapere, rapui, raptus, seize, take away, snatch

recondo, recondere, recondidi, reconditus, hide, conceal

redeo, redire, redivi, reditus, return, come back

refero, referre, retuli, relatus, bring back, go back, withdraw; impersonal, it matters, makes a difference

refugio, refugere, refugi, refugitus, flee back, recoil, escape

refundo, refundere, refudi, refusus, pour back

regnum, regni, n., kingdom

32
rego, regere, rexi, rectus, rule, guide, manage

relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictus, leave behind, relinquish

reliquus, reliqua, reliquum, rest, remaining

remaneo, remanere, remansi, remansus, remain, stay

requiro, requirere, requisivi, requisitus, require, seek

res, rei, f., thing; res publica, rei publicae, f., Republic

resurgo, resurgere, resurrexi, resurrectus, rise again

revoco, revocare, revocavi, revocatus, call back, recall

rex, regis, m., king

Rhenum, Rheni, n., Rhine

rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatus, ask

Roma, Romae, f., Rome; Romam, to Rome; Romae, at Rome

Romanus, Romana, Romanum, Roman

rubeo, rubere, -, -, be red, become red

rudens, rudentis, rope, rigging

ruina, ruinae, f., ruin

rumor, rumoris, m., hearsay, rumor, gossip

rus, ruris, n., country, farm

S
sacro, sacrare, sacravi, sacratus, consecrate, dedicate, make sacred

saepe, adverb, often

saevio, saevire, saevivi, saevitus, rage, rave

saevus, saeva, saevum, fierce, raging, furious, violent

sagitta, sagittae, f., arrow

saltus, saltus, m., leap; narrow passage, pass; (pl.) woodland with glades

33
Samos, Sami, f., Samos (island of the Aegean)

Sarpedon, Sarpedonis, m., Sarpedon

satis, indeclinable, enough

Saturnia, Saturniae, f., Juno, daughter of Saturn

saxum, saxi, n., rock, stone

scelus, sceleris, n., crime

sceptrum, sceptri, n., scepter

scientia, scientiae, f., knowledge

scio, scire, scivi, scitum, know

scrinium, scrinii, n., box, case; study carrel

scopulus, scopuli, m., boulder, rock

scutum, scuti, n., shield

Scylleus, Scyllea, Scylleum, of Scylla, Scyllean

secundus, secunda, secundum, second, following

sed, conjunction, but

sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessus, sit

sedes, sedis, f., seat, home

seditio, seditionis, f., sedition, riot

semper, adverb, always

Senatus, Senatus, m., Senate

senex, senis, m., old-man

sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus, feel, perceive

septem, indeclinable, seven

Sequana, Sequanae, f., Seine

sequor, sequi, secutus sum, follow

34
sermo, sermonis, m., discourse

servo, servare, servavi, servatus, save

servus, servi, m., slave

severus, severa, severum, stern, strict

si, conj., if

sic, adv., thus, in this way

sicut, adv., just as, like

sidus, sideris, n., constellation; (pl.) the heavens

signum, signi, n., signal

sileo, silere, silui, -, be silent, not speak (about)

silva, silvae, f., forest, woods

Simois, Simoentis, m., Simois River (in the Trojan Plain)

simulo, simulare, simulavi, simulatus, imitate, copy

sino, sinere, sivi, situs, allow, permit

sinus, sinus, m., curve; lap, bosom

sisto, sistere, stiti, status, stop, check

socius, socii, m., comrade

sol, solis, m., sun

solaciolum, solacioli, n., small comfort

soleo, solere, solitus sum, be in the habit of; be accustomed to

solus, sola, solum, alone

solveo, solvere, solvi, solutus, loosen, open, set sail, scatter

sono, sonare, sonui, sonitus, sound

sonorus, sonora, sonorum, noisy, roaring

spatium, spatii, n., space, area

35
sperno, spernere, sprevi, spretus, despise, reject

specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatus, watch

spelunca, speluncae, f., cave

spes, spei, f., hope

stagnum, stagni, n., pond, pool

stator, statoris, m., stayer (cult title of Jupiter)

stipes, stipites, m., log, stump, trunk

sto, stare, steti, status, stand

strepitus, strepitus, m., noise

sub (+ abl), under, beneath; (+ acc) down under

subsisto, subsistere, substiti, -, halt, stand

suffundo, suffundere, suffudi, suffusus, pour in, cover up

sum, esse, fui, futurum, be, exist

summus, summa, summum, highest

-, sui, sibi, se/sese, se/sese, reflexive pronoun, himself, herself, itself, themselves

superbus, superba, superbum, proud

superus, supera, superum, high, upper, last; superi, superorum m. pl., the gods above

supero, superare, superavi, superatum, overcome, surpass

supplex, supplicis, m/f, suppliant

supplicatio, supplicationis, f., thanksgiving

supplicium, supplicii, n., punishment, suffering

suus, sua, suum, reflexive adjective, his own, her own, its own, their own

T
tabula, tabulae, f., tablet, document; (pl.) records, periodicals

taeter, taetra, taetrum, foul, ugly

36
talis, talis, tale, such

tam, adv., so; tam … quam …, as … as …

tamen, adv., nevertheless

tamquam, adv., just as, just as if

tandem, adv., at last

tantus, tanta, tantum, so great, such great

telum, teli, n., spear, weapon

temeritas, temeritatis, f., rashness

tempero, temperare, temperavi, temperatus, restrain

tempestas, tempestatis, f., season, weather, storm

templum, templi, n., temple

tempus, temporis, n., time, condition

tendo, tendere, tetendi, tensus, stretch, aim, strive

tenebrae, tenebrarum, f. pl., darkness

tenebricosus, tenebricosa, tenebricosum, shadowy

teneo, tenere, tenui. tentus, hold

tenuis, tenuis, tenue, thin, fine, slight, slender

ter, adv., three-times

terra, terrae, f., land, earth

terreo, terrere, terrui, territus, frighten, scare

tertius, tertia, tertium, third

testamentum, testamenti, n., last-will

testamonium, testamonii, n., proof

testis, testis, m., witness

Teucrus, Teucra, Teucrum, Teucrian, Trojan

37
timor, timoris, m., fear

Tityrus, Tityri, m., Tityrus

torpor, torporis, m., numbness, sluggishness

tot, indeclinable adj., so many

totiens, adv., so often, so many times

totus, tota, totum, whole, all, entire

traho, trahere, traxi, tractus, drag, pull

trans, preposition + acc, across, through

trepido, trepidare, trepidavi, trepidatus, be anxious, be agitated, bustle about

tres, tres, tria, three (gen pl, trium; dat/abl pl, tribus; acc pl, tres, tres, tria)

tristis, tristis, triste, sad, sorrowful

Troas, Troadis, f., Troy

Troia, Troiae, f., Troy

tu, tui, tibi, te, te, pron., you

tueor, tueri, tuitus/tutus sum, behold, regard

tum, adv., then, at that time

tunc, adv., then, at that time

turgidus, turgida, turgidum, swollen

turpitudo, turpitudinis, f., baseness

turris, turris, f., tower

tuus, tua, tuum, your, your own

Tydidus, Tydidi, m., son of Tydeus (Diomedes)

Tyrius, Tyria, Tyrium, Tyrian; Tyrii, Tyriorum, m. pl., Tyrians, Carthaginians

U
ubi, interrogative adv, conj, where, as soon as

38
umquam, adv., ever

unda, undae, f., wave

unde, conj., from where, from whence

unus, una, unum, one, single

urbs, urbis, f., city

uro, urere, ussi, ustus, burn

usque, adv., all the way, continuously

ut (+ indicative), as, just as; (+ purpose subjunctive) so that; (+ result subjunctive) that

uterum, uteri, n., womb; belly

uterus, uteri, m., womb; belly

utor, uti, usus sum, use (+ abl)

V
vacuus, vacua, vacuum, empty

vadum, vadi, n., shallow place, stream, channel

vagina, vaginae, f., sheath

vagor, vagary, vagatus sum, wander, roam

valeo, valere, valui, valitus, be well, prevail; (imperative) goodbye

valles, vallis, f., valley

varius, varia, varium, various, variegated

vastus, vasta, vastum, huge, vast

vehemens, vehementis, violent, severe

velox, velocis, swift, rapid, quick

velut/veluti, adv., as, as if, just as

venenum, veneni, n., poison

Venetus, Veneta, Venetum, blessed by Venus, charming

39
venio, venire, veni, ventum, come

ventus, venti, m., wind

Venus, Veneris, f., Venus

venustius, venustia, venustium, charming

vereor, vereri, veritus sum, fear

Vergilius, Vergilii, m., Vergil (Publius Vergilius Maro)

veritas, veritatis, f., truth, honesty

vero, adv., indeed

verro, verrere, verri, versus, sweep

versor, versari, versatus sum, be involved

verum, adv., truly

Vestalis, Vestalis, Vestale, Vestal

Vetus, veteris, old, former, ancient

vicesimus, vicesima, vicesimum, twentieth

video, videre, vidi, visum, see; (passive) seem

vigilia, vigiliae, f., night-watch

vinco, vincere, vici, victum, conquer, overcome, win

viniculum, viniculi, n., chain, bond

vir, viri, m., man

virgo, virginis, f., virgin

virtus, virtutis, f., manliness, strength, virtue

vis, -, -, vim, vi, vires, virium, viribus, vires, viribus, f. pl., force

viso, visere, visi, visus, contemplate

vito, vitare, vitavi, vitatus, avoid, shun

vivo, vivere, vixi, victus, live, survive

40
vix, adv., scarcely

voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum, call, summon, name

volatilis, volatilis, volatile, equipped to fly, fleeing, flying

volo, velle, volui, -, wish

volo, volare, volavi, volatus, fly

voltus, voltus, m., face, expression

voluto, volutare, volutavi, volutatus, roll, turn over

volvo, volvere, volvi, volutus, roll, revolve

vos, vestrum/vestri, vobis, vos/vosmet, vobis, all of you

vox, vocis, f., voice

vulgus, vulgi, n., common people

vultus, vultus, m., face

Z
Zephyrus, Zephyri, m., West Wind, Zephyr

41