Delta PQC Power Quality Solution
Delta PQC Power Quality Solution
www.deltapowersolutions.com
About Delta Group
Delta Group is the world’s leading provider of power management and thermal management solutions, as well as a major
source for components, visual displays, industrial automation, networking products, and renewable energy solutions. Delta
Group focuses on three main businesses: power electronics, energy management, and smart green life. Delta Group has
sales offices worldwide and manufacturing plants in Taiwan, China, Thailand, Japan, Mexico, India, Brazil, and Europe.
As a global leader in power electronics, Delta’s mission is, “To provide innovative, clean and energy-efficient solutions for
a better tomorrow.” Delta is committed to environmental protection and has implemented green, lead-free production and
recycling and waste management programs for many years.
More information about Delta Group can be found at www.deltaww.com
Delta’s Quality
Products - Delta’s quality ensures customer satisfaction
Delta insists on the strictest quality control and management in various phases from development to manufacturing to
ensure customer satisfaction by embracing the philosophy “Do things right the first time.” Maintaining and exceeding the
highest quality standards makes Delta the first-choice supplier of many world-leading enterprises.
Delta’s Manufacturing
Delta in China has 23 R&D Centers with over 2,000
R&D engineers and 22 plants with a total manufacturing
area of over 7,000,000 sq. ft. (680,000 m2).
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Delta’s Green Business
Delta was nominated as one of the “Global Top 100 Low-Carbon Emission Enterprises” by the CNBC European Business
Magazine.
Delta has won the “Corporate Social Responsibility Award and Honorary Award” from Global Views Magazine for four
consecutive years.
Delta has won the “Corporate Citizenship Award” from Common Wealth Magazine for three consecutive years.
Delta Group’s mission statement, “To provide innovative, clean and energy-efficient solutions for a better tomorrow”,
focuses on social responsibility and represents Delta’s confidence in putting advanced technology into practice on behalf
of sustainability.
Delta Group’s president has said, “If Delta’s power efficiency is improved by just 1%, there can be fewer power plants in
the world.”
Delta’s Technology
Global Top 500 in Research and Development
Investing 5% of its annual operating revenues in R&D, Delta Group ranked No. 431 in a world ranking by the Department
of Trade and Industry, United Kingdom.
The IEEE selects the three best theses every year to honor outstanding contributions to the academic fields of electrical
and electronics engineering.
In September 2009, Delta’s thesis “Performance Evaluation of Bridgeless PFC Boost Rectifiers” stood out from 313 other
theses and won the best thesis award issued by Prof. Deepak Divan, the IEEE Chairman, who presented the best thesis
award to Milan M. Jovanovi, the manager of Delta’s R&D center in USA.
Helsinki
Vaxjo Amsterdam Moscow
Glasgow Eindhoven Seattle
Warsaw Portland
Soest Prague Urumqi
Paris Dubnica Beijing Sendai Detroit
Bern Seoul
Teningen Bucharest Tianjin Tokyo San Francisco Boston
Madrid Istanbul Wujiang Osaka Los Angeles
Roma Bratislava Nanjing Raleigh
Shanghai San Diego
Rudrapur Wuhan Dallas
Wuhu Hangzhou Tijuana Houston
New Delhi Chenzhou Austin
Dubai Taipei
Ahmedabad Dongguan Taoyuan Chungli Guadalajara
Gurgaon Kolkata Hong Kong Hsinchu
Mumbai Hyderabad Mexico City
Pune Taichung
Bangalore Chennai Bangkok
Tainan
Coimbatore
Singapore
Sao Paulo
Johannesburg Curitiba
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Power Quality and Harmonics
Power Quality Issues Overview
Harmonics
Harmonics Standard
Based on “IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems” (IEEE
519-2004) , the grid voltage distortion limits:
Bus Voltage at (kV) Total Voltage Distortion (%) Individual Voltage Distortion (%)
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Reactive Power
In most cases, reactive power is the power that magnetic equipment such as transformers, motors and relays, needs
to produce magnetizing flux, which is inductive. In some cases, long distance power cables and some loads generate
capacitive reactive power. Both inductive and capacitive reactive power will increase the apparent power (kVA), de-
manding larger transformers and cable size.
Load Imbalance
Every three-phase current can be divided into positive, negative and zero sequences. Negative and zero sequences
cause load imbalance.
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Delta Power Quality Solution Evolution
Delta PQC series power quality solution consists of the Active Power Filter (APF) and Static VAR Generator (SVG). Both
provide an active compensation solution based on power electronics technology.
Compared with conventional passive compensation solutions such as capacitor banks, an active compensation solution
improves the reliability and quality of the power distribution system.
Capactior Bank
slow, can't track dynamic reactive fast, can track dynamic reactive fast, can track dynamic harmonic &
Response Speed
power (20ms~5s) power (<0.1ms) reactive loads (<0.1ms)
Actual output capacity is less than Actual output capacity is the same Actual output capacity is the same
Output Ability
the rated capacity. as rated capacity. as rated capacity.
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Delta PQC Series Active Power Filter (APF)
APF Principle
Delta’s PQC Series APF is connected in parallel with non-linear loads, and uses one set of current transformers (CT)
to detect the load current. It calculates each order harmonic current by FFT algorithms in its DSP microchips, and
then generates a compensating current with the same amplitude but opposite phase angles to the detected harmonic
current, which cancels out the original load harmonics.
The PQC series APF not only eliminates harmonic current from the load side, but it also mitigates harmonic voltage
caused by harmonic currents. The APF system can also improve power factor (PF) and correct load imbalances in the
power system.
Note: CT is a critical part of the APF system, and it can be purchased by users themselves, following Delta’s
suggestions on CT specification.
Transformer
CT 0.4KV or 0.69kV
APF
Compensating
Current
APF Structure
Delta PQC Series APF has a modular design. Usually the Delta active power filter system consists of one or several APF
modules and an optional Liquid Crystal Monitor & Control Panel (LCM). Each APF module is an independent harmonic
filtering system, and users can change the harmonic filtering system rating by adding or removing APF modules.
According to the mounting type, Delta PQC series APF can be divided into Modular APF and Wall-mounted APF.
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Modular APF
APF modules and an LCM panel can be embedded in Delta’s standard APF cabinet or a customized cabinet. There
are breakers, cable terminals and Surge Protection Device (SPD) in the APF cabinet.
According to cable terminal type, a modular APF can be divided into two types:
● Draw type modular APF (hot-swappable)
● Fixed type modular APF (not hot-swappable)
PM Break
LCM
Power Module
Wall-mounted APF
Delta’s Wall-mounted APF can be installed on a wall, which is suitable for low rating applications, and an optional LCM
panel can be fixed on the all-mounted APF according to customer requirements.
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APF Compensation Performance
Delta’s PQC Series APF can perfectly mitigate harmonic current, and suppress harmonic voltage caused by the harmonic
current. When the APF capacity is sufficient and background harmonic voltage is low, the APF ensures excellent
compensation performance at full load condition, as below.
● THDu (Total Harmonic Distortion of Voltage) < 3%
● THDi (Total Harmonic Distortion of Current) < 5%
● PF (Power Factor) ≥ 0.99 (improves both leading and lagging PF)
I N(Before) - I N(After)
● Neutral Current Attenuation Ratio ( I N(Before)
)>95%
Current Waveform
BEFORE AFTER
Current Spectrum
BEFORE AFTER
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Application: Foundry Industry
Non-linear Loads: Electric Welder
Compensation Result: Current harmonic distortion (THDi) was reduced
from 70% to 4.4%, load imbalance was reduced from 102% to 6.1%.
Current Waveform
BEFORE AFTER
Current Spectrum
BEFORE AFTER
Load Unbalance
BEFORE AFTER
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Application: Automobile Industry
Non-linear Loads: Thyristor driven heater
Compensation Result: Voltage harmonic distortion (THDu) was reduced
from 5.5% to 1.3%.
Voltage Waveform
BEFORE AFTER
Voltage Spectrum
BEFORE AFTER
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Delta PQC Series APF System Selection
PQCA-□□□-□□□-□□□ □□□
Wiring Type: 3---Three Phase Three Wire
4---Three Phase Four Wire
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PQC Series APF Model
APF System Type Structure Model Name APF Capacity Dimension (W×D×H) Weight (kg)
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Delta PQC Series APF Technical Specification
Reactive Power Compensation Performance PF≥0.99 after compensation (if the APF capacity is sufficient)
Mitigate negative
Imbalance Correction Capability Mitigate negative and zero sequence
sequence
Full Response time <20ms
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Delta PQC series Static Var Generator (SVG)
SVG Principle
The principle of the SVG is very similar to that of Active Power Filter, as demonstrated in the picture below. When the
load is generating inductive or capacitive current, it makes load current lagging or leading the voltage. SVG detects the
phase angle difference and generates leading or lagging current into the grid, making the phase angle of current almost
the same as that of voltage on the transformer side, which means fundamental power factor is unit.
Delta’s PQC series SVG is also capable of correcting load imbalance.
Note: CT is a critical part of the SVG system, and it can be purchased by users themselves, following Delta’s suggestions
on CT specification.
US US
US Active current ILoad
Igid
Transformer US Inductive &
Resistive Current
CT 0.4KV Bus
Capacitive
Resistive Current
US
Isrg US
Reactive &
Unbalanced Load
Static VAR Generator
(SVG)
SVG Outputs on Current
UI
SVG Operating Mode Waveform
USVG Outputs onand Vector
Current Us Remark
s
UI
USVG Outputs on Current UsI
s
UI (a) UI = Us
UI
U
Us s UI = Us,Isvg = 0,SVG outputs no
No Load Mode
(a) UI = Us reactive current.
UI
(a) UI = Us
Leading Current
Isvg
UI
Us Leading Current U jxIsvg
Isvg s
UI
Isvg
Us Leading Current UsI jxIsvg UI > Us,Isvg is leading the voltage, and
Capacitive Mode Isvg
UI (b) UI > Us its amplitude is continuously adjustable.
Isvg
UI
U jxIsvg
Us s
(b) UI > Us
Lagging Current
Us
Isvg
Lagging Current Us UI < Us,Isvg is lagging the voltage, and
Inductive Mode
Us U its amplitude is continuously adjustable.
IsvgI UsI jxIsvg
Lagging Current
Us Isvg
U U < Us
(c)
IsvgI I UI jxIsvg
U s
Isvg
(c)
UI UI < Us
UI jxIsvg
Isvg
(c) UI < Us
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SVG Structure
Delta PQC Series SVG is also modular in design, and the Delta SVG system consists of one or several SVG modules
and an optional Liquid Crystal Monitor & Control Panel (LCM). Each SVG module is an independent reactive power
compensation system, and users can change the SVG rating by adding or removing SVG modules.
SVG modules and LCM panel can be embedded in Delta’s standard SVG cabinet or in a customized cabinet. There are
usually breakers, cable terminals and Surge Protection Device (SPD) in the SVG cabinet.
SVG Module
Delta’s PQC Series SVG can rapidly and continuously compensate both inductive and capacitive reactive power, and
correct load imbalance. With sufficient capacity, the SVG ensures excellent fundamental power factor improvement
performance.
● Fundamental Power Factor (Cosφ) ≥ 0.99 (improves both leading and lagging PF)
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Delta’s PQC Series SVG Actual Compensation Performance
Application: Harbor
Loads: Inductive Motors.
Compensation Results: Fundamental Power Factor (Cosφ) was improved
from 0.82 to 0.99, current RMS value was reduced from 1335A to 1116A
(around 16%).
Power and Energy were recorded by Fluke 435, as below.
BEFORE AFTER
BEFORE AFTER
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Delta PQC Series SVG System Selection
SVG System Type Structure Model Name SVG Capacity Dimension (W×D×H) Weight (kg)
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Delta PQC Series SVG Features
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Delta PQC Series SVG Technical Specification
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Special Features of Delta Power Quality Solution
High Adaptability
● The Delta PQC series APF & SVG’s modular structure makes it easy for installation, maintenance and capacity
expansion.
● APF & SVG modules can be embedded in Delta’s standard cabinets or third-party cabinets, making it possible to
customize cabinets for special requirements.
● Delta’s PQC series APF & SVG applies 3-level inverter topology and up to 60 kHz switching frequency, which
provide excellent power quality compensation accuracy, response speed and output ability.
High Reliability
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Protect Your
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Critical Operations 24/7
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