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Qualitative Data Analysis

This document provides an overview of qualitative data analysis. It discusses the nature of qualitative versus quantitative data and some common techniques for analyzing qualitative data, including thematic analysis, template analysis, narrative analysis, and content analysis. Thematic analysis involves coding data to identify themes and patterns. Template analysis develops an initial coding template to organize codes and themes. Narrative analysis preserves narratives as a whole. Content analysis codes and categorizes qualitative data to analyze it quantitatively.

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abdul qodir
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46 views

Qualitative Data Analysis

This document provides an overview of qualitative data analysis. It discusses the nature of qualitative versus quantitative data and some common techniques for analyzing qualitative data, including thematic analysis, template analysis, narrative analysis, and content analysis. Thematic analysis involves coding data to identify themes and patterns. Template analysis develops an initial coding template to organize codes and themes. Narrative analysis preserves narratives as a whole. Content analysis codes and categorizes qualitative data to analyze it quantitatively.

Uploaded by

abdul qodir
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUALITATIVE

DATA ANALYSIS
The nature of qualitative data
• More varied, elastic and complex than quantitative data.
• Rich and full of information.
• The difference between quantitative and qualitative data.

Quantitative data Qualitative data


Based on meaning derived from Based on meanings expressed
numbers through words (spoken and
textual) and images.
Collection results in numerical and Collection results in non-
standardised data standardised data requiring
classification into categories.
Analysis conducted through the Analysis conducted through the
use of diagrams and statistics use of conceptualisation.
Approach to qualitative data analysis
• Deductive approach:
• Start with theoretical framework
• Collect data as required by the theory
• Inductive approach:
• Do not start with a clearly defined theoretical framework
• Start to collect data and explore to find theme/ Build conceptual
framework
• identify relationships between your data
• develop questions and hypotheses or research propositions to test
these.
• theory emerges from the process of data collection, analysis and
interpretation
• Suitable for exploratory research
Preparing for data analysis
• Interview data (voice) must be transcribed before
analysis.
• Transcribing is typing all the interview data.
• Transcribing can be very time consuming.
Application for qualitative data analysis

The advantage of using NVivo:


• Upload file of interview result and it will be auto-transcribe.
• Provide ‘editor’ facilities to review and make adjustments to
transcript, tag speakers and add notes.
• Then directly import transcript into NVivo to start analysis

For 15 minutes free trial use this link:


https://www.qsrinternational.com/nvivo-qualitative-data-analysis-
software/try-nvivo
COMMON TECHNIQUES OF
QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
Common techniques of qualitative data analysis
1. Thematic analysis
2. Template analysis
3. Narrative analysis
4. Content analysis
1. Thematic analysis
• Foundational method for qualitative analysis.
• It is a systematic (orderly and logical), flexible and
accessible approach to analyse qualitative data.
• Use to search for themes, or patterns, that occur across a
data set (such as a series of interviews, observations,
documents or websites being analysed).
• Use coding qualitative data to identify themes or patterns
for further analysis, related to his or her research question
The advantage of using thematic analysis
• comprehend often large and disparate amounts of
qualitative data;
• integrate related data drawn from different transcripts and
notes;
• identify key themes or patterns from a data set for further
exploration;
• produce a thematic description of these data; and/or
• develop and test explanations and theories based on
apparent thematic patterns or relationships;
• draw and verify conclusions.
Procedure in thematic analysis
• Becoming familiar with data.
• Coding data: labelling each unit of data within a data item
(such as a transcript or document) with a code that
symbolises or summarises that extract’s meaning
• Searching of themes and recognising relationships.
• Refining themes and testing propositions
• Evaluation
2. Template analysis
• Start by coding a sufficient part of data to develop an
initial coding template
• Only codes a proportion of the data items before
developing an initial list of codes and themes, known as a
coding template.
• coding template is the hierarchical list of codes and
themes, which is used as the central analytical tool in
Template Analysis.
• These codes are then arranged and rearranged until a
satisfactory initial template is developed.
3. Narrative analysis
• It is a collection of analytical approaches to analyse
different aspects of narrative.
• Narrative data are preserved and analysed as a whole
unit or narrative sequence.
• It is important to preserve data within their narrated
context to maintain the sequential and structural elements
of each case.
• It may use a deductive or inductive research approach
4. Content analysis
• It is an analytical technique that codes and categorises
qualitative data in order to analyse them quantitatively.
• ‘Content analysis is a research technique for the
objective, systematic and quantitative description of the
manifest content of communication’.
Analytical categories in content analysis
• Link obviously to the scope and purpose of the research topic,
not least so that the relationship of these categories to the
research question(s) and objectives is evident;
• Be exhaustive so that every relevant unit of data may be
placed into an analytical category;
• Be mutually exclusive so that each unit of data may only be
placed into one analytical category, rather than possibly fitting
into more than one (this is different from the approach in
qualitative analytical techniques discussed earlier);
• Be independent so that units of data exhibiting related but not
the same characteristics cannot be coded into the same
category; and
• Be developed from a single classification to avoid conceptual
confusion
Data display and analysis process
• Data condensation:
summarising and simplifying the data collected and/or selectively
focusing on some parts of this data.
• Data display:
Data display involves organising and assembling your data into
summary diagrammatic or visual displays, in the form of:
• Matrices: table with column and row.
• Networks:
• Drawing and verifying conclusions
• to make comparisons between the elements of the data and to
identify any relationships, key themes, patterns and trends.
• help to explore, interpret data and to draw meaning from it.
GROUP ASSIGNMENT
• Please discuss with your friend how you will analyse your
qualitative data (if you use qualitative data):
• What qualitative data will you collect?
• What technique will you use?
• Why will you use the technique?
• What steps will you do for qualitative data analysis?
• The answer of the above question should be placed in the
last part of chapter 3 of your research proposal.

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