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Motion in A Circle

This document discusses motion in a circle, including angular displacement, angular velocity, linear velocity, centripetal force, centripetal acceleration, and banked roads. It defines key terms like radian, angular velocity, linear velocity, centripetal force, and centripetal acceleration. Equations are provided relating these terms, such as the relationship between angular velocity and linear velocity, and the formula for centripetal acceleration. An example calculation involving a satellite orbit is also included.

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Laud Fumhanda
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46 views

Motion in A Circle

This document discusses motion in a circle, including angular displacement, angular velocity, linear velocity, centripetal force, centripetal acceleration, and banked roads. It defines key terms like radian, angular velocity, linear velocity, centripetal force, and centripetal acceleration. Equations are provided relating these terms, such as the relationship between angular velocity and linear velocity, and the formula for centripetal acceleration. An example calculation involving a satellite orbit is also included.

Uploaded by

Laud Fumhanda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7.

0 MOTION IN A CIRCLE

Angular displacement

 Radian (rad) is the S.I. unit for angle, θ and it can be related to degrees
in the following way:
 In one complete revolution, an object rotates through 360°, or 2π rad.
 The radian is the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc length of
the circumference equal to the radius of the circle.
 As the object moves through an angle θ, with respect to the centre of
rotation, this angle θ is known as the angular displacement.

Angular velocity

 Angular velocity (ω) of the object is the rate of change of angular


displacement with respect to time.
θ
ω=
t
θ – angular displacement (rad)
ω – angular velocity of particle (rad s-1)
t – time taken (s)
 The period T, of rotational motion is the time taken to complete one
revolution.
2π
ω=
T

 Linear velocity, v, of an object is its instantaneous velocity at any point


in its circular path.
arc length( AP) rθ
v= =
time taken t

∴ v=rω
 Note:
(i) The direction of the linear velocity is at a tangent to the circle
described at that point. Hence it is sometimes referred to as
the tangential velocity.
(ii) ω is the same for every point in the rotating object, but the
linear velocity v is greater for points further from the axis.
Centripetal force
 A body moving in a circle at a constant speed changes velocity {since its
direction changes}
 In accordance with Newtons 1st law, a body which is moving in a circle
must have a resultant force acting on it.
 For a body moving with constant speed, there is no component of this
force which acts in direction of motion.
 The force must therefore be perpendicular to the motion of the body, ie
directed towards the centre.
 It is known as a centripetal force.
 Centripetal force is the resultant of all the forces that act on a system
in circular motion.

Centripetal acceleration
 By Newtons 2nd law, a body acted upon by a resultant force must have an
acceleration.
 The acceleration is in the same direction as the force (towards the
centre)
 It is known as a centripetal acceleration
 A body moving with constant angular velocity ω, along a path of radius r,
2
2 v
centripetal acceleration a is given by a=ω r =
r
2 mv 2
 Centripetal force will be given by F=ma=mω r=
r
Banked roads
 ‘Banking’ roads removes the reliance on friction having to provide
centripetal force for a vehicle going round a bend.
 The normal reaction, R acquires a horizontal component (R sin θ).
 Consider car of mass m moving with constant speed v round a bend of
radius r.
v2
 Centripetal force needs to provide an acceleration of
r
2
mv
R sin θ=
r
Since no vertical acceleration R cos θ=mg

v2
Dividing equations results tanθ=
rg

Example

A satellite is moving at 2000 ms-1 in a circular orbit around a distant moon.


If the radius of the circle followed by the satellite is 1000 km, find:
i) the acceleration of the satellite
ii) the time for the satellite to complete one full orbit of the moon in
minutes(2d.p.).

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