Final TCMP Manual 5
Final TCMP Manual 5
The program may have wavered for varied reasons but with the
crafting of this manual, all TCMP practitioners will be able to implement it
in a standard and uniform manner. This will guide our personnel on how
to treat our inmates humanely, allowing them to gain self-confidence and
better self-esteem.
MESSAGE
To the officers, men and women of the DIWD who have put together
their effort, time and brilliant ideas in coming up with a comprehensive
material, my deepest appreciation and congratulations once again you
have proven your worth to take effect change in the institution.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES
MESSAGE FROM THE OIC, BJMP
MESSAGE FROM THE DEPUTY CHIEF FOR ADMIN/OPNS
MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR, DIWD
TCMP TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS 6
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION 7
HISTORY OF TCMP IN THE BJMP 8
TCMP CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 10
PHASES OF TREATMENT 15
CHAPTER II
BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT 21
BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS 23
HIERARCHY OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS 29
CHAPTER III
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECTS 41
COUNSELING 43
INTAKE INTERVIEW 46
INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING 47
GROUP COUNSELING 49
SPECIALIZED GROUPS 57
CHAPTER IV
INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL COMPONENT 62
TC PHILOSOPHY 66
TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHIES 69
SEMINARS 77
SUGGECTED ACTIVITIES 80
CHAPTER V
VOCATIONAL/SURVIVAL SKILLS 83
TCMP HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE 86
JOB FUNCTIONS 89
DEPARTMENT AND FUNCTIONS 93
JOB CHANGES 97
LIVELIHOOD AND SKILLS TRAINING 101
SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES 103
ANNEXES
DEFINITION OF TERMS 105
INTAKE ASSESSMENT FORMS
SEMINAR TOPICS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
The mandate of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
(BJMP) is both safekeeping and development of inmates. The thrust
of the Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development is to devise
programs for inmate development to prepare them for their eventual
reintegration into the mainstream of society. Behavioral and
psychological development is of utmost importance since some
offenders lack the necessary moral, emotional and psychological
stability to make them law abiding citizens upon release from jail.
OBJECTIVES:
.
TCMP CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
I am running.
Afraid to be known,
I will be alone.
mirror?
In this ground, I can take root and grow, not alone anymore,
HINDI KO NA MATATAKASAN
AT PAGKATAO NG IBA.
SA SARILI AT KAPWA.
CARDINAL RULES IN TC
*No stealing
TCMP in the BJMP set up is quite unique in the sense that inmates
are in custody while undergoing trial for their individual cases. Their
length of stay is determined by how fast is the disposition of their
cases. The cases may be decided upon after a short period of time or
may last for years. Though the different phases of treatment is
observed, it cannot be fully implemented or may not be followed as
scheduled due to the uniqueness of the status of the residents.
He is then assigned a static group and a big brother who will provide
him with support and will walk him through the orientation phase.
At this phase, the resident is handled gently and is expected to
commit mistakes in the process of learning the program. Sanctions
on negative behavior are usually light with emphasis on teaching.
Phase II- Primary Treatment
In the jail setting, the residents will stay inside the jail until their
cases are resolved or they have been convicted and need to be
remanded to the Bureau of Corrections.
A. Physical Environment:
The internal and external environment is comfortable,
clean and welcoming.
TC Philosophy and unwritten philosophies are visibly
posted around the facility.
Hierarchical structure and daily activities are displayed.
There is adequate space to hold activities and rooms for
specific meetings that require privacy.
A clean and well maintained kitchen that complies with
the sanitary standards of BJMP.
Provision of recreation areas both indoors and outdoors.
The dining area is equipped with enough tables and chairs
to accommodate the inmates.
Adequate sanitary toilets and bathrooms that provide
privacy to users.
Adequate space for sleeping and habitation that respects
the individual’s personal space.
B. TCMP Staff:
BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
Objectives:
Indicators:
*Morning Meeting
*Talk To
*Pull Up
*Dealt With
*Haircut
*General Meeting
*Expulsion
Exp
ulsi
on
General
Meeting
Learning
Experience/Bans
Haircut
Dealt With
Pull-Up
Talk To
MORNING MEETING
I. COMMUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT/CONCERNS
II. UP – RITUALS
Learning
Experience/Bans
Figure 1. Hierarchy of Behavior Shaping Tools
HIERARCHY OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS
TALK TO
PULL-UP
Example of a Pull-up:
DEALT WITH
Resident
Subjected to
Dealt With
HAIRCUT
Resident
Subjected to
Haircut
a. Task-Oriented LE
Pots and Pans
Grounds and Landscaping
Cleaning and Maintenance
Time keeping (wake up calls, lights out calls)
b. Written tasks
Composition or Essay
Reproduction of TCMP Materials
c. Peer Interaction
Reading and reporting of topic
Announcements (Morning Meeting or House Meeting)
Bans
BANS
Examples of Bans:
GENERAL MEETING
Example:
John: “Good afternoon family. I’m Mario and Greg’s big brother but I
failed to notice that something negative is going on between them. I
was preoccupied with my own business that I failed to talk to any of
them these past few days. Had I tried to reach out, I might have
learned something and could have prevented this thing from
happening. I feel guilty about it.
Example:
Peter: “Mario and Greg, I am very disappointed with what you did.
You were supposed to be our role models but what you did just
showed us how immature the both of you in resorting to violence as
a way of resolving your conflict. You had been in the community for
quite some time and we expect you to know how to control your
anger and use the tools of the house to express them. I hope you can
be more patient and tolerant of each other. I really feel bad about
what happened.
Example:
- Director/Staff
- Subjected Residents
- Residents
EXPULSION
GROUPS
*Static Group
*Secrets
*Encounter Group
*Extended Group
SPECIALIZED GROUPS
*Women’s Group
*Men’s Group
*Anger Management
Objectives:
Indicators:
1. Established rapport
2. Established openness and cooperation
3. Developed insight
4. Expectations expressed and information provided
Duration: 1 hour
Procedure:
Indicators:
1. Self-understanding
2. Established rapport
3. Achieved a bigger, wider level of self-awareness.
4. Experienced relief from emotional distress.
Procedure:
Indicators:
1. Encouraged commitments
2. Problems addressed
3. Developed sense of belongingness
STATIC GROUPS
The Static Group is a permanent group of peers and leaders that
meet regularly while the residents are in treatment. It is a sort of
“home” group who provides support for one another and to the new
members of the community. This is designed to provide a forum for
self-expression and disclosure. It is usually facilitated by senior
members of the group. It focuses on group relationship and patterns
of behavior.
Procedure:
Procedure:
SECRETS
Secrets are a group activity where participants are given the
opportunity to unload emotional baggage and thus experience
freedom from internal psychological conflicts.
It promotes trust among the participants knowing that each will
reveal his utmost secrets to the group. It also aims to deepen mutual
respect among the participants.
Procedure:
ENCOUNTER GROUPS
The Encounter Group serves as a “safety valve” within the
community which is usually high pressured and structured. It is a
forum for members of the community to verbally express pent-up or
negative emotions within a structured and safe environment without
resorting to violence or aggression and without fear of reprisal. There
are strict behavioral norms and rules observed during an encounter
group such as no violence or threat of violence, no attack on
personal dignity, speak only for oneself and remain seated at all
times. The language used in expressing their feelings is seldom
restricted though in the Filipino culture, use of foul language is
avoided to prevent harboring of negative feelings from the receiver.
The primary goal of an encounter group is to raise awareness of
behaviors and explore the underlying feelings that led to such
negative emotions.
Procedure:
EXTENDED GROUP
The Extended Groups (Probe, Marathon) are usually composed of 5-
12 residents and is being facilitated by 2 highly trained staff
members.
It may last for 8-72 hours. The participants must have at least 4
months in the program and have shown adequate stability before he
can be included in the activity. It is a potentially intimate and
intense session which needs a significant amount of preparation. It
focuses on the “here and now” but allows a deeper exploration of
issues that affects new behavior. Special subjects may be the focus
such as sexuality, trauma, etc.
SPECIALIZED GROUPS
Objectives:
Indicators:
Participants: 10 – 15 residents
Procedure:
WOMEN’S GROUP
Duration/ frequency: one hour once a week/ might last for six
sessions
Procedure:
MEN’S GROUP
Duration/ frequency: 1 hour once a week
Procedure:
Procedure:
1. Counselor holds the group once a week who are on medical and
psychiatric medication.
2. Group members are educated on different kinds of medical and
psychiatric problems and its effects.
3. Sharing on the intake of medicines and its side effects of taking
it.
4. Cohesiveness is enhanced.
5. Share and discuss how to face their difficulties, coping with the
disease and problems encountered while they are on
medications.
ANGER MANAGEMENT
Duration/ frequency: 1 ½ hour for 6 weeks/as
needed/curriculum-based
Procedure:
1. Facilitated by a counselor.
2. Questionnaires are provided to the residents to answer how
they demonstrated their anger before they came for
treatment and while in the facility and how they go through
it.
3. Participants are selected based on interview and attitude
showed while in treatment.
4. The group is an avenue for the residents to know their anger
feelings and acquire new knowledge and information on how
to deal with their feelings on different situation and
personalities.
PRE-RELEASE INTERVIEW
Objectives:
Indicators:
Duration: 1 hour
Procedure:
INTRODUCTION
Spirituality in TC
Intellectual Component
SPIRITUAL COMPONENT
*TC Philosophy
*TC Unwritten Philosophies
*Meditation
*Religious Activities
Objectives:
Indicators:
INTELLECTUAL COMPONENT
*Seminars
*Educational Activities (ALS)
*Debates
*Data Sessions/lectures
*Mind games
Objectives:
Indicators:
Procedure:
3. Preparation Phase
4. Seminar Proper
THE TC PHILOSOPHY
1. Surrender
2. Self-disclosure
I now know that unless I come out in the open and admit my
mistakes, I will forever be running from them. I need to disclose my
deepest secrets to my peers so that I can find the right ways of
dealing with them.
By opening myself up for others to see through me, I will be free from
my own demons and let others guide and help me though my
ordeals. Nobody can help me unless I let them know my woes and let
them understand that like them, I also need help.
3. Reflection
4. Self-realization
5. Growth
6. Self-worth
1. “Honesty”
A lot of residents continue to live in a lie without the fear of its
consequences. This virtue points out the importance of truth
and its relevance to recovery.
9. “Act as if”
Learning and accepting the TC program is not easy. Most
residents feel resistant towards it. This philosophy teaches the
residents to go with the flow as a way of compliance. In the
process, they will learn to embrace it and the behavior will soon
become natural.
10. “Understand rather than be understood”
It is sometimes common for us to be selfish. We find it hard to
admit our mistakes hence we tend to blame everybody but
ourselves. We expect everyone around us to understand our
wrongdoings but we seldom make an effort to understand
others. Understanding others is a virtue because it speaks of
humility and patience. If we take the first step to know where
others are coming from, there would be lesser conflicts in
relationships.
13. “Forgiveness”
To accept what has been done, move on and get over the hurt
and anger gives us a feeling of inner peace and happiness.
Failure to get over the pains will pin us down and stunt our
progress.
14. “Humility”
To humble one’ self before others is a laudable virtue. We are
often enveloped by pride that it is difficult for us to lower
ourselves and admit our inadequacies and limitations. By doing
so, we develop a fair insight about ourselves thus giving us the
challenge to improve ourselves.
15. “You alone can do it, but you can’t do it alone”
Oftentimes, we feel invincible and indispensable knowing that
certain tasks can only be accomplished by us. We don’t realize
that we have certain limitations that without the help of others,
the burden will be too great for us. We should learn to reach
out for help and admit our weaknesses.
18.“Guilt kills”
One of the underlying reasons for depression is guilt. It is a
feeling of shame and self-blame. If a guilt feeling remains
unresolved, it can be turned inwards, thus resulting to self-
inflicted harm.
19.“Hang tough”
Sometimes, we feel that there is no end to our miseries and we
feel helpless and hopeless. No matter how dim life seems to be,
there is always hope. In every problem is a solution. Every
problem is a learning experience that would make us tougher in
dealing with life’s challenges.
20.“You are your brother’s keeper”
In TC, each one is responsible for the other members of the
community. The failure of one is the failure of all. This gives all
the residents a sense of responsibility in shepherding others.
The success of the program is a reflection of how one cares for
the other.
Procedure:
“Kapag ikaw ay komportable na, ipikit ang mga mata at damhin ang
nararamdaman ng katawan. Kapag nakaramdam ng tensiyon,
huminga ng malalim at isiping dahan-dahang nawawala ang
tensiyon ng katawan at ito ay tuluyang nagiging relaks.”
“Una ay isipin ang mga daliri ng paa at mga paa.Isipin na ang mga
ito ay dahan-dahang nagiging relaks”
Types of Seminars:
THE DEBATE
Procedure:
Procedure:
Spirituality
1-2 Residents
1. Seminar on Morning hours/once a SP, Residents,
Meeting week IWD Officer
2. Seminar on Written and
Unwritten TC
Philosophies
3. Other seminar related to 15 min. Residents
Residents
Spirituality such as
meditation, recollections
Daily Prayers
Literacy Program
Tutorial
Discussion
Residents
1. Debate 1-2 IWD,
2. Discussion on hours/week residents, SP
Responsibility and other
character traits
3. TC Concepts
4. Values
5. Gender Sensitivity and
Work roles
Workshops
1. Origami 1-2 Residents
2. Cooking hours/week SP, IWD,
3. Gardening residents
4. Poetry
5. Art Therapy
6. Music Therapy
7. Book Reviews
8. Car maintenance
9. Flower Arrangement
10. Drama Workshop
Lectures
Topics:
1. History and Origin of the TC
2. Human Development
3. Sexuality
4. Stages of Recovery
CHAPTER V
VOCATIONAL/SURVIVAL SKILLS
INTRODUCTION
*Job Changes
*Job Functions
*Staff Functions
Indicators:
Procedure:
1. The senior member of the staff, usually the Director identifies the
counselors coming from the staff/ personnel.
TC
DIRECTOR
ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD
RELIGIOUS
COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR CHIEF, EXPEDITER COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE
SERVICES
ELDERLY
TC
DIRECTOR
ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD
RELIGIOUS
COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR CHIEF, EXPEDITER COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE
SERVICES
ELDERLY
TC
DIRECTOR
ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD
RELIGIOUS SERVICES COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR CHIEF, EXPEDITER COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE
VISITATION
SERVICES DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT CHIEF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT HEAD DEPARTMENT HEAD SUPPLY
HEAD EXPEDITER HEAD HEAD
LIVELIHOOD
JOB FUNCTIONS
Objectives:
Indicators:
Participants: Residents
Procedure:
Coordinator
Chief Expediter
Department Head
Department Crew
Expediting Team
Kitchen Department
Laundry Department
STAFF FUNCTIONS
Director
The Warden serves as the Director of the facility. He oversees all the
activities in the program. He designates staff to serve as Counselors.
He makes final decisions as to what sanctions or learning
experiences will be meted out to erring residents.
Assistant Director
Counselor
This kind of Job Change will be done regularly every six (6) months.
This will be done by the TCMP Director by calling all the staff/
counselors in order to facilitate the procedural change of positions
handled by department heads and coordinators. Once the meeting is
done, the coordinators will now apply for the positions as to where
they want to be assigned that will be evaluated by the staff before
giving them their new assignments. After each assignment is
identified, the Director or the IWDO will then announce to the
community the new assignments and positions the applicants are
holding.
For example;
A coordinator of the Kitchen Department was found out using the
food container to facilitate entry of alcoholic beverages. He will be
given sanction by the members of the disciplinary board after the
investigation and the department head of kitchen will assume his
position and a crew can be promoted to take the department head
position.
Personal
growth
and
develop-
ment in
his
attitude
towards
work and
job
functions.
Objectives:
Indicators:
Procedure:
1. Rug making
2. Wood carving
3. Flower making
4. Massage Therapy
5. Artistry
6. Basic Electricity
7. Automotive
8. Masonry and Carpentry
9. Tailoring and Dressmaking
10.Tailoring and Dressmaking
11. Furniture
12. Lantern and Christmas Décor Making
13. T-shirt printing
14. Basket weaving
15. Shell craft
16. Guitar making
17. Organic Farming
SCHEDULE OF DAILY ACTIVITIES
DIRECTOR - the highest staff facility officer (Warden) who has direct
command to both residents and staff.
RESIDENTS – terms used for inmates who are part of the TCMP
community.
SENIOR RESIDENT – a member of the TC community having the
position such as Static Group leader and its Assistant and In Charge
of various special services groups.
GENERAL DATA
Name: Age: Gender:
Occupation: Civil Status: Birth date:
Religion: Address:
Birthplace: Citizenship: Height: Weight:
Date Committed: Educational Attainment:
Nature of Case:
Spouse/Guardian: Relationship:
Address: Tel. #:
DRUG HISTORY
Any history of drug use Yes________ No________
Age when the client started using drugs:
Reasons/Causes of Drug Abuse:
Record of substance abuse
Vices: Frequency:
Smoking
Womanizing
Drinking
Drugs
Gambling
Others
Appearance
Hair BizarreDyedUnkemptOther
BuildAverageUnderweight Emaciated OverweightOther
GroomingAdequatePoor ImmaculateNeglectedOther
DressAppropriate Mismatched DisheveledTatteredOther
Behavior
Eye ContactGoodFleetingAvoidedSporadic Unwavering None
RepetitionGesturesMannerismStereotypyEchopraxia
Psychomotor ActivityAgitationRetardation
Interpersonal StyleCooperativeRelaxedAttentiveShy Seductive
WithdrawnIndifferentEvasiveCautious
DefensiveIrritableResistantHostileOther_____
Speech
Speech RateNormalPressured/FastSlowSoft-spoken
IntelligibilityClear CoherentSlurredMumbledStuttersOther
VolumeGoodLoudWhispered
Speech QualitySpontaneous ExcitedHesitantEmotional Monotonous
ImpoverishedEcholaliaLogorrheaVerbigerative
Speech QuantityGarrulousResponsiveTaciturnMutismProfanity
Perception
Perceptual Disturbances
HallucinationsAuditoryVisualOlfactoryGustatoryTactile
Mood CongruentMood Incongruent
Describe Content
Thought
Thought ContentIdeas of ReferenceHypochondriasis
Thought InsertionThought BroadcastingThought Withdrawal
Magical ThinkingOther
Describe Content
DelusionsNon-bizarreBizarreSystematizedPersecutory
GrandeurInfidelityEratomaniaOther
Mood CongruentMood Incongruent
Describe Content
PhobiaSpecify:
Preoccupation
Suicidal IdeationIdeation HistoryPrevious AttemptsCurrent Ideation
ImpulsivenessViable Plan
Hostile IntentPrevious IntimidationHistory of ViolenceCurrent Intent
ImpulsivenessViable Plan
Thought ProcessGoal-directedRelevantIrrelevantIllogical
Over-abundancePoverty of ThoughtOther
Thought DisorderFlight of IdeasNeologismCircumstantialTangential
Clang AssociationDerailmentBlockingPerseveration
Describe Content
Sensorium
ConsiousnessAlert LethargicCloudedStuporousOther
OrientationTime OrientationPlace OrientationPerson Orientation
MemoryRemote Memory Deficit Recent Memory Deficit Immediate Memory Deficit
JudgmentFairImpaired
InsightImpairedDenialSelf AwarenessEternal Locus of Disorder
Intellectual InsightTrue Insight
Others, (specify):
Other Persons Present during Torture Suspected Purpose or Reason for Torture in particular
Statements by Perpetrators and Context in which Torture Took
Place
Narration of Events of Torture (include details about interrogation, how many persons, role in interrogation,
contents of what victim was told or asked; information about torture method should be as precise as possible,
including: instruments used if any and Specific torture methods, in particular of a sexual nature)
ARTICULATED EFFECTS
(CATEGORIES SUBJECT TO ENRICHMENT)
Physical Psychological Emotional Behavioral
Medical Attention
Was the victim examined by a doctor/health If so, when?
worker at any point during or after the
incident?
□ Yes □ No
Name of Doctor/Health Workers: Hospital/Clinic of Doctor:
Address of Doctor:
Doctor of choice? □ Yes □ No If not, who provided doctor?
Describe the nature of the examination performed by the doctor and how long the examination took
place (please be as specific as possible)
Other persons present during Addresses of other persons present during medical
medical examination, if any: examination, if any:
Did the victim receive appropriate treatment for the injuries sustained? □ Yes □ No
Describe the treatment received
Were any medical report/s or certificate/s issued □ Yes □ No
If so, what did the report/s or certificate/s reveal?
□ Physical _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
□ Mental _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
□ Consistency of facts alleged and findings ______________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
If the victim died in custody, was an autopsy or forensic examination performed? □ Yes No
If so, what were the results of the autopsy or forensic examination?
Name of person who performed Address of Person who performed autopsy or forensic
autopsy or forensic examination examination
Date:
Time started:
Time Ended:
Psychologist on Duty
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF REGIONAL MODEL TC JAILS
*Proseso ng Pagluluksa:
1. Hindi makapaniwala
2. Kalungkutan
Maaring maramdaman ang pag-iisa, pagnanais na makita ang
mahal sa buhay at pagkawala ng pag-asa. Pwedeng umiyak ng
madalas at mawalan ng balanse sa iyong emosyon.
3. “Guilty Feeling”
4. Galit.
5. Takot.
6. Pagkakasakit
I. Humanap ng suporta
3. Bumaling sa Diyos
2. Masama sa pag-iisip
*Dahilan ng Galit:
*Sintomas ng Galit:
1. Tension sa sikmura
2. Paninigas sa katawan, balikat at mga kamay at panga
3. Pamumula ng mukha
4. Mabilis na hininga
5. Masakit ang ulo
6. Hindi mapakali
7. Mabilis na tibok ng puso
*Negatibong Kaisipan na Humahantong sa Galit:
-“ paranoid “ , pagdududa
-pakiramdam na lahat ay laban sa kanya at walang nakikinig
sa kanya
3. Makipaglaban ng patas
Pagkakasundo Kalmante
*Humingi ng Tulong:
1. Tumawag sa Pulis
- Proprotektahan nila ang biktima, mga anak at ibang mahal sa
buhay
- Aarestuhin ang “abuser” at makakasuhan ng criminal
*SMOKING CESSATION*
3. Nagiging bisyo na
4. Magsampa ng Reklamo
Ang iyong kumpanya ay maaaring may pamantayan hinggil sa “
Sexual Harassment”. Sila ay may katungkulang tulungan ka
upang malutas ang problema.
*Kaparusahan
Dapat malaman ang dahilan ng ”drug abuse” at “addiction”, paano ito nangyari,
ano ang mga sintomas nito, at bakit napakalakas ng pwersa nito sa isang tao.
Ito ay makakapagbigay ng mas magandang pang-unawa tungkol sa problema at
paano ito mahanapan ng solusyon.
Ang “addiction” ay isang sakit kung saan ang isang tao ay may di-
pangkaraniwan at di-mapigilang pagnanasa na gumamit ng
ipinagbabawal na gamot. Ang paulit-ulit ng paggamit ng droga ay
nagbabago ng anyo at andar ng utak.
Ang paggamit ng droga ay dahilan para tumaas ang antas ng
“dopamine” sa utak. Ang “dopamine” ay isang “neurotransmitter” na
nagbibigay ng magandang pakiramdam sa katawan. Ito ay naaalala
ng utak kung kaya’t ito ay hinahanap-hanap ng katawan
Ang isang “addict” ay masyadong kumakapit sa droga na tila ito ay
nagiging kasinghalaga ng pagkain at tubig sa buhay niya.
I. Sintomas na Pisikal
- namumulang mata
- pagbabago sa gana sa pagkain, walang tulog or sobrang tulog.
- nagiging pabaya sa sarili, nagiging madumihin, hindi nag-aahit.
- kakaibang amoy ng katawan, hininga o sa damit.
- nanginginig, utal o nawawalan ng balanse.
1. Marijuana:
-Mapulang mata, maingay, tawa ng tawa, susundan ng antok,
nawawalan ng gana at interes, tumataas o bumababa ang timbang.
6. Heroin
- Maraming tusok ng karayom sa mga baso, pinagpapawisan,
nagsusuka, inuubo, nagninginig, o kumikibit ang mga laman,
nawawalang ng gana sa pagkain.
Ang “HIV antibodies” ay nakikita sa ihi, dugo at laway. Kapag ang tao ay
nahawaan ng HIV, ang “immune system” ng katawan ay gumagawa ng
“antibodies” na lumalaban sa “virus”. Itong mga “antibodies” ay makikita sa
dugo sa pamamagitan ng pagsusuri o “blood test” na tinatawag na “ELISA” at
‘Western blot assay”. Kung ang unang resulta sa “ELISA” ay positibo, inuulit ito
at kung ang pangalawa ay positibo, ginagawa naman ay “Western blot assay” na
siyang nagbibigay ng pinal na resulta.
Tingnan ang sariling buhay na parang ibang tao at isipin kung ano ang dapat
baguhin sa sarili na makakatulong sa pag-aayos ng buhay. Matutong tanggapin
na may limitasyon ang iyong kakayahan. Hindi sa lahat ng oras ay tama ka.
Hindi lahat ng bagay ay kontrolado mo.
Tandaang ang lahat ng problema ay may solusyon. Hindi man ito magiging
madali, subalit mayroon kang magagawa upang ito ay maresolba. Mas nagiging
magaan ang anumang problema kung tama ang ating kaisipan.
May mga sandaling kailangang lumayo at bitawan ang mga pangyayari upang
mas maging panatag ang iyong kalooban. Hindi lahat ng bagay ay kaya mong
kontrolin.Matutong tanggapin ang mga bagay na hindi kayang baguhin.
-Hirap matulog
-Madalas malungkot
-Madalas magkasakit
*DEFENSE MECHANISMS*
1.) “Sublimation”
Hal: Sa halip na saktan ang kagalit, ang isang tao ay pwedeng sumali sa sports
o mag-ehersisyo upang mailabas ang namumuong galit.
2.) “Problem-Solving”
3.) “Altruism”
Hal: Habang nagging biktima ng baha, ang isang tao ay maaring tumulong sa
iba pang biktima.
4.) “Compensation”
May mga bagay na hindi kayang kontrolin, kung kaya’t mas makakabuting ito
ay tanggapin bilang bahagi ng buhay. Maaari ring babaan ang mga pangarap
lalo na kung ito’y hindi maaring abutin.
Hal: Mababa ang pinag-aralan kung kaya’t dapat tanggapin na mababa ang
sahod.
Maari itong maging negatibo dahil pinuputol nito ang kakayahang mangarap.
6.) “Compartmentalization”
1.) “Displacement”
Ang pagbabaling sa nararamdamang galit o “stress’ sa ibang tao dahil hindi ito
kayang ipadama sa taong dahilan ng problema. Madalas na nagiging biktima ay
ang mga walang malay o walang kakayahang lumaban.
Hal: Maaaring ibunton ng isang ina sa kanyang anak ang sobrang galit na hindi
niya kayang sabihin sa asawang nambababae.
2.) “Projection”
Para mapagtakpan ang mga kakulangan, ang isang tao ay maaring ibunton ang
sisi sa ibang tao at ang lahat ay may kasalanan liban sa kanya.
4.) “Malingering”
5.) “Denial”
7.) “Self-harming”
Ang isang tao ay maaring humantong sa pananakit sa sarili upang maibsan ang
“guilt feelings”. Madalas ay ang paghiwa ng pulso o braso tuwing may mabigat
na problema. Maaari itong humantong sa kamatayan.
9.) “Rationalization”
Ito ay ang paraan kung saan binibigyan ng isang tao ng katanggap-tanggap na
dahilan upang mapagtakpan ang tunay na kahinaan o kakulangan.
Hal: “Sour-graping” “Ok lang na hindi ako ma-promote total bata pa ako. Mas
kailangan ng iba ang promotion”
Ito ay pwedeng positibo subalit ito ay mas negatibo dahil lumalabas na hindi
kaya ng isang tao ang pagkatalo.
*”DEPRESSION” AT “SUICIDE”*
*Mga kadahilanan:
Kawalan
-relasyon -hanap-buhay
REFERENCES