Acids, Bases & Salts

Solved Examples
Example-1: How does bleaching powder sterilise drinking water ?
Solution: Chlorine evolved in the reaction sterilises drinking water due to oxidation.

Example-2: Complete and balance the following chemical reactions?


NaHCO 3 
Solution: 
2NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2


1. What is the role of tartaric acid in baking powder ?

2. Explain why-
(i) common salt becomes sticky during the rainy season ?
(ii) blue vitriol changes to white upon heating ?



TYPE (I) : VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [01 MARK EACH]
1. Match the important chemicals given in Column (A) with the chemical formulae given in Column(B)
Column (A) Column (B)
(a) Plaster of Paris (i) Ca(OH)2
(B) Gypsum (ii) CaSO4.1/2 H2O
(C) Bleaching Powder (iii) CaSO4.2H2O
(D) Slaked Lime (iv) CaOCl2

2. What will be the action of the following substances on litmus paper? Dry HCl gas, moistened NH3
gas, lemon juice, carbonated soft drink, curd, soap solution.

TYPE (II) : SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [02 MARKS EACH]

3. A student prepared solutions of (i) an acid and (ii) a base in two separate beakers. She forgot to
label the solutions and litmus paper is not available in the laboratory. Since both the solutions are
colourless, how will she distinguish between the two ?
4. Salt A commonly used in bakery products on heating gets converted into another salt B which itself
is used for removal of hardness of water and a gas C is evolved. The gas C when passed through
lime water, turns it milky. Identify A, B and C.
5. In one of the industrial processes used for manufacture of sodium hydroxide, a gas X is formed as
by product. The gas X reacts with lime water to give a compound Y which is used as a bleaching
agent in chemical industry. Identify X and Y giving the chemical equation of the reactions involved.

TYPE (III) : LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS: [04 MARK EACH]

6. When zinc metal is treated with a dilute solution of a strong acid, a gas is evolved, which is utilised
in the hydrogenation of oil. Name the gas evolved. Write the chemical equation of the reaction
involved and also write a test to detect the gas formed.
7. For making cake, baking powder is taken. If at home your mother uses baking soda instead of
baking powder in cake,
(a) how will it affect the taste of the cake and why ?
(b) how can baking soda be converted into baking powder?
(c) what is the role of tartaric acid added to baking soda?

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Acids, Bases & Salts

TYPE (IV): VERY LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [05 MARK EACH]
8. A metal carbonate X on reacting with an acid gives a gas which when passed through a solution Y
gives the carbonate back. On the other hand, a gas G that is obtained at anode during electrolysis
of brine is passed on dry Y, it gives a compound Z, used for disinfecting drinking water. Identity X, Y,
G and Z.
9. A sulphate salt of Group 2 element of the Periodic Table is a white, soft substance, which can be
moulded into different shapes by making its dough. When this compound is left in open for some
time, it becomes a solid mass and cannot be used for moulding purposes. Identify the sulphate salt
and why does it show such a behaviour? Give the reaction involved.


PREVIOUS YEAR PROBLEMS

SECTION-A
1. Why is it advised not to use copper or brass vessels to store pickles or curd?
[1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]
2. A white powder is added while baking breads and cakes to make them soft and fluffy.
What is the name of the powder? What are the main ingredients in it? What are the functions of
each ingredient? [2 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]
3. (a) Define ‘water of crystallization’.
(b) Give two examples of substances having water of crystallization. Write their chemical formula
[3 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]
4. (a) Name the process by which sodium hydroxide is prepared from sodium chloride? Why it is called
so process and write down the balanced chemical equation.
(b) What will be the pH of the following salts?
(i) Salt made of strong acid and strong base
(ii) Salt made of strong acid and weak base
OR
(a) A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
(i) Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline?
(ii) Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd?
(b) What is a neutralization reaction? Give two examples.
[5 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]
5. (i) Write the chemical name and formula of “Plaster of Paris”.
(ii) How is it prepared?
(iii) Write chemical equations of the reaction. [3 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
6. You are provided with three test tubes A, B, C which contain distilled water, Acidic and basic
solutions. If you are given blue litmus paper only, how will you identify the
nature of the solutions in three test tubes? [3 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
7. (a) Write the chemical name and formula of washing soda. How is it prepared? Write the chemical
equation of the reaction.
(b) Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rain water does?
OR
(a) Five solutions A, B, C, D and E when tested with universal indicator showed pH as 4,1,11,7 and
9 respectively. Which solution is:
(i) Neutral (ii) Strongly alkaline (iii) Strongly acidic
(iv) Weakly acidic (v) Weakly alkaline
Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen-ion concentration.
(b) Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is
added to test tube A, while acetic acid (CH3COOH) is added to test tube B. In which test tube will the
fizzing occur more vigorously and why? [5 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]

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Acids, Bases & Salts

8. Farmers are using a large number of pesticides and fertilizers in their fields to increase crop
production and to enhance their profits. But by doing so they are causing damage to the soil as well
as to the environment. Do you agree with this statement? Why should we avoid eating fruits and
vegetables without washing them properly? What values do you get from this?
[3 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2015]
9. A sanitary worker uses a white chemical having strong smell of chlorine gas to disinfect the water
tank.
(a) Identify the chemical compound. (b) Write the chemical formula.
(c) Write chemical equation for preparing it. (d) Write its any two uses.
OR
(a) Write an equation to show the reaction between Plaster of Paris and water.
(b) Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder.
(c) Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.
(d) What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated? Give the equation of the
reaction involved. [5 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2015]

10. On diluting an acid, it is advised to add acid to water and not water to acid. Explain why it is so
advised ? [2 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
11. A Compound P forms the enamel of teeth. It is the hardest substance of the body. It doesn’t dissolve
in water but gets corroded when the pH is lowered below 5.5
(a) Identify the compound P
(b) How does it undergo damage due to eating chocolate and sweets ? What should we do to
prevent tooth decay ? [3 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
12. (a) Name and describe giving chemical equation the process used for producing sodium hydroxide.
Why is this process so named ? [5 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
(b) Give one use of each of any two products obtained in this process.

13. A blue colour salt becomes white on heating. Give reason for the above observation.
What happens when we add water to the salt which is obtained after heating? Also write its formula.
[3 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2017]
14. (a) How does baking soda help to make cakes and bread soft and spongy?
(b) List the raw materials used for the preparation of baking soda.
(c) Write chemical equation for its preparation. [3 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2017]

SECTION-B
1. Two colours seen at the extreme ends of pH chart are [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]
(A) red and blue (B) red and green (C) green and blue (D) orange and black
2. A colourless and odourless gas is liberated when hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of washing
soda. The name of the gas is: [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]
(A) Carbon dioxide (B) Nitrogen dioxide (C) Sulphur dioxide (D) Sulphur trioxide
3. On adding acetic acid to sodium hydrogen carbonate in a test tube, a student observes
[1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]
(A) no reaction (B) a colourless gas with pungent smell
(C) bubbles of a colourless and odourless gas (D) a strong smell of vinegar

4. Which one of the following are the correct observations about acetic acid?
[1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]
(A) It turns blue litmus red and smells like vinegar
(B) It turns blue litmus red and smells like burning sulphur
(C) It turns red litmus blue and smells like vinegar
(D) It turns red litmus blue and has a fruity smell

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Acids, Bases & Salts

5. The aqueous solutions of copper sulphate and zinc sulphate appear

[1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]
(A) blue and green respectively (B) green and colourless respectively
(C) blue and brown respectively (D) blue and colourless respectively.
6. On adding 2 mL acetic acid to 2 mL of water in a test tube, it was observed that
[1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]
(A) a clear and transparent solution is formed (B) a white precipitate is formed almost immediately
(C) two separate layers were formed (D) a colourless and odourless gas is evolved
7. In an experiment to study the properties of ethanoic acid, a student takes about 3 mL of ethanoic
acid in a dry test tube. He adds an equal amount of distilled water to it and shakes the test tube well.
After some time he is likely to observe that [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]
(A) a colloid is formed in the test tube (B) the ethanoic acid dissolves readily in water
(C) the solution becomes light orange (D) water floats over the surface of ethanoic acid
8. A student takes about 2 mL ethanoic acid in a dry test tube and adds a pinch of sodium hydrogen
carbonate to it. He reports the following observations: [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
I. Immediately a colourless and odourless gas evolves with a brisk effervescence.
II. The gas turns lime water milky when passed through it.
III. The gas burns with an explosion when a burning splinter is brought near it.
IV. The gas extinguishes the burning splinter that is brought near it.
The correct observations are
(A) I, II and III (B) II, III and IV (C) III, IV and I (D) I, II and IV
9. In a locality, hard water, required for an experiment, is not available. However, the following salts are
available in the school laboratory: [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
1. Sodium sulphate 2. Calcium sulphate
3. Magnesium chloride 4. Sodium chloride
5. Calcium chloride 6. Potassium sulphate
Which of the above salts may be dissolved in water to obtain hard water for the experiment?
(A) 2, 3 and 5 (B) 1, 2 and 5 (C) 1, 2, 4 and 6 (D) 3 and 5 only
10. The colour of the pH paper strip turned red when it was dipped into a sample. The sample could be:
[1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
(A) Dilute sodium bicarbonate (B) Tap water
(C) Dilute sodium hydroxide (D) Dilute hydrochloric acid
11. Which one of the following cannot be used to find the pH of a solution?
[1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
(A) pH paper (B) Litmus paper
(C) Universal indicator (D) Standard pH value chart
12. Dil. HCl is added to solid sodium carbonate. It is observed that:
[1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
(A) No change takes place (B) A loud sound is produced immediately
(C) Immediately a brisk effervescence is produced (D) The solution turns blue black
13. A student adds a few drops of universal indicator to an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. He
would observe that the colour of the solution changes from:
[1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2015]
(A) Colourless to red (B) Colourless to blue (C) Red to blue (D) Blue to red
14. When blue litmus is added to a solution of acetic acid, it turns red. When excess of NaOH is added
to the above solution, it will be observed that the mixture: [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2015]
(A) Remains red (B) Becomes colorless
(C) Turns blue (D) Turns green

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Acids, Bases & Salts

15. A student was given four samples of water in four different test tube. These were of distilled water,
lemon water, water having dil. HCl in it, water having NaOH in it. For which sample pH value will be
7: [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
(A) lemon water (B) distilled water (C) water with HCl in it (D) water with NaOH in it

16. A given sample indicates a pH of 7. The sample could be: [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
(A) distilled water (B) antacid (C) blood (D) curd

17. A solution has pH 4. The solution will be [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
(A) Neutral (B) Acidic (C) Basic (D) Ionic

18. What will be the pH of a basic solution [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
(A) pH>7 (B) pH=7 (C) pH< 7 (D) pH=0

19. If pH of solution changes from 3 to 4 , the solution becomes [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
(A) less acidic (B) Basic (C) More acidic (D) Strongly basic
20. Which gas is evolved in the reaction of zinc metal and NaOH [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
(A) Cl2 (B) N2 (C) O2 (D) H2
21. Name the scientist who proposed acid- base theory [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
(A) Arrhenius (B) Newton (C) Dalton (D) Einstein
22. Name the gas evolved when zinc metal reacts with HCl acid [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
(A) CO (B) CO2 (C) SO2 (D) H2
23. What is the important property of an acid? [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
(A) Sour taste (B) Soapy touch (C) Bitter taste (D) No odour
24. A blue litmus paper was first dipped in dil. HCl and then in dil. NaOH solution.It was observed that
the colour of the litmus paper [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
(A) Changed to red (B) Changed first to red and then to blue
(C) Changed blue to colourless (D) Remained blue in both the solutions
25. When a drop of unknown solution X is placed on a strip of pH paper, a deep blue colour is produced
the solution should be : [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2017]
(A) NaOH (B) lemon juice (C) water (D) HCl
26. On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to granulated zinc placed in a test tube, a student
would observe that: [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2017]
(A) The surface of the metal turns shining.
(B) the reaction mixture turns milky.
(C) The reaction mixture gives odour of chlorine.
(D) A colorless and odorless gas evolves with bubbles

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
SUBJECTIVE EASY, ONLY LEARNING VALUE PROBLEMS

SECTION (A):- INTRODUCTION, CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF ACIDS

A-1. Which gas burns with pop sound?
A-2. Write any three chemical properties of acids.
A-3. What do you understand by organic acids ? Give the name of two organic acids and their sources?
A-4. Give the name of two mineral acids and their uses.

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Acids, Bases & Salts

SECTION (B):- CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF BASES:

B-1. Does dry HCl(g) Conduct electricity?
B-2. Give the name of two diacidic base and their uses.
B-3. Give two examples of bases which are not alkali.
B-4. Write any two chemical properties of base.
B-5. Does dry HCl(g) turn blue litmus red?

SECTION (C):- INDICATORS AND pH SCALE:

C-1. Five solutions A,B,C,D and E when tested with universal indicator shows pH as 5, 3, 13, 7 and 9,
respectively. Which solution is -
(a) neutral. (b) strongly alkaline. (c) strongly acidic. (d) weakly alkaline. (e) weakly acidic.
Arrange the pH in decreasing order of H ion concentration.
+

C-2. Give two applications of pH in our daily life.

C-3. What effect does an increase in concentration of H+(aq.) in a solution have on the pH of solution.
C-4. What will be the colour of phenolphthalein and methyl orange in Soap solution.
SECTION (D) :- SALTS :
D-1. What will you observe when -
(i) red litmus paper is introduced into a solution of sodium sulphate ?
(ii) methyl orange is added to dilute hydrochloric acid ?
(iii) a drop of phenolphthalein is added to solution of lime water ?
(iv) blue litmus is introduced into a solution of ferric chloride ?
D-2. Explain why ?
(i) Aqueous solution of sodium acetate has pH more than 7.
(ii) Aqueous solution of copper sulphate has pH less than 7.
(iii) Aqueous solution of potassium nitrate has pH value 7.
D-3. Write two examples of each of the following :
(i) Acidic salts (ii) Basic salts (iii) Double salts
SECTION (E) : SOME COMERCIALLY IMPORTANT CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS :
E-1. What is the chemical name of baking soda? what happen when it is heated? Write two uses of
baking soda.
E-2. Name the four chemicals which can be obtained from common salt?

E-3. What do you call the property of loosing water of crystallisation?

E-4. Write the equation show formation of plaster of paris?

E-5. Give chemical names of the following compounds. Also state one use in each case.
(i) Washing soda (ii) Baking soda (iii) Bleaching powder

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
SINGLE CHOICE OBJECTIVE, STRAIGHT CONCEPT/FORMULA ORIENTED
SECTION (A) : INTRODUCTION, CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
A-1. H2CO3 is a -
(A) strong acid (B) weak acid (C) strong base (D) weak base
A-2. Common name of H2SO4 is -
(A) Oil of vitriol (B) Muriatic acid (C) Blue vitriol (D) Green vitriol
A-3. CuO + (X)  CuSO4 + H2O. Here (X) is -
(A) CuSO4 (B) HCl (C) H2SO4 (D) HNO3

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Acids, Bases & Salts

A-4. Reaction of an acid with a base is known as -

(A) decomposition (B) combination (C) redox reaction (D) neutralization
A-5. Acids gives -
(A) H+ in water (B) OH– in water (C) Both (A) & (B) (D) None of these
SECTION (B) : CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF BASES:
B-1. Which of the following is the weakest base ?
(A) NaOH (B) NH4OH (C) KOH (D) Ca(OH)2
B-2. Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) is used in -
(A) Plastics and dyes (B) Fertilizers (C) Antacids (D) White washing
B-3. Caustic soda is the common name for -
(A) Mg(OH)2 (B) KOH (C) Ca(OH)2 (D) NaOH

B-4. Antacids contain -

(A) Weak base (B) Weak acid (C) Strong base (D) Strong acid
B-5. Which is a base and not an alkali ?
(A) NaOH (B) KOH (C) Fe(OH)3 (D) none is true

SECTION (C) : INDICATORS AND pH SCALE:

C-1. A solution turns red litmus blue. Its pH is likely to be -
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D) 10
C-2. pH of Blood is -
(A) 6.4 (B) 7.4 (C) 4.7 (D) 5.2
C-3. Nature of methyl orange is -
(A) acidic (B) basic (C) neutral (D) none of these
C-4. The amount of energy released in neutralisation reaction between strong acid and strong base is -
(A) 57.8 kJ/mol (B) 57.1 kJ/mol (C) 57.9 kJ/mol (D) 56.1 kJ/mol
C-5. A solution has pH 9. On dilution the pH value
(A) decreases (B) increases (C) remain same (D) none of these

SECTION (D) : SALTS :

D-1. A salt derived from strong acid and weak base will dissolve in water to give a solution which is -
(A) acidic (B) basic (C) neutral (D) none of these
D-2. Which of the following is an example of basic salt solution ?
(A) CH3COONa (aq) (B) NH4Cl (aq) (C) AlCl3 (aq) (D) (NH4)2SO4 (aq)

D-3. Nature of the aqueous solution of NaCl towards litmus is -

(A) acidic (B) basic (C) neutral (D) none
D-4. Which of the following is an acid salt ?
(A) Na2CO3 (B) NaHCO3 (C) NH4Cl (D) NaCl
D-5. (NH4)2SO4 salt is dissolved in water to give a solution, which is -
(A) acidic (B) basic (C) neutral (D) none of these

SECTION (E) : SOME COMERCIALLY IMPORTANT CHEMICAL COMPOUND :

E-1. Materials used in the manufacture of bleaching powder are -
(A) lime stone and chlorine (B) quick lime and chlorine
(C) slaked lime and HCl (D) slaked lime and chlorine
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Acids, Bases & Salts

E-2. Bleaching powder gives smell of chlorine because it -

(A) is unstable (B) gives chlorine on exposure to atmosphere
(C) is a mixture of chlorine and slaked lime (D) contains excess of chlorine

E-3. Chemical formula of baking soda is -

(A) MgSO4 (B) Na2CO3 (C) NaHCO3 (D) MgCO3

E-4. The chemical name of marble is -

(A) calcium carbonate (B) magnesium carbonate
(C) calcium chloride (D) calcium sulphate
E-5. Washing soda has the formula -
(A) Na2CO3. 7H2O (B) Na2CO3. 10H2O (C) Na2CO3. H2O (D) Na2CO3

 Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates react with acids to give -
(A) Carbon dioxide gas (B) Hydrogen gas (C) Sulphur dioxide gas (D) Carbon monoxide gas.
2. Most of the metals combine with dilute acids -
(A) To produce carbon di oxide gas
(B) To form a base.
(C) To liberate hydrogen gas by displacing hydrogen from the acids
(D) To form acidic salt.
3. Alkali is a base that is :
(A) soluble in alcohol. (B) insoluble in alcohol. (C) soluble in water. (D) insoluble in water.
4. When CO2 is passed through lime water, it turns milky. The milkiness is due to the formation of -
(A) CaCO3 (B) Ca(OH)2 (C) H2O (D) CO2
5. Behaviour of hydrogen gas towards litmus paper is -
(A) neutral behaviour (B) turns red litmus to blue
(C) turns blue litmus to red (D) litmus paper starts burning
6. pH of pure water is -
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 7 (D) 14
7. If pH of solution is 13, means that it is -
(A) weakly acidic (B) weakly basic (C) strongly acidic (D) strongly basic
8. 10 mL of 0.1 N HCl is added to 990 mL solution of NaCl. The pH of the resulting solution is-
(A) zero (B) 3 (C) 7 (D) 10
9. The pH of 0.1M solution of the following increases in the order of :
(A) NaCl < NH4Cl < NaCN < HCl (B) HCl < NH4Cl < NaCl < NaCN
(C) NaCN < NH4Cl < NaCl < HCl (D) HCl < NaCl < NaCN < NH4Cl
10. Universal indicator is -
(A) the indicator that changes its colours at different iodide ion concentration.
(B) the indicator that shows different colours at different hydrogen ion concentrations.
(C) is effective only at low hydrogen ion concentration.
(D) gives same colour at different pH.
11. The pH of a compound is found to be 9. The compound can be -
(A) HCl. (B) NaOH. (C) Na2CO3. (D) CH3COOH.

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Acids, Bases & Salts

12. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. On changing into curd, its pH becomes -

(A) more than 6. (B) less than 6. (C) remains 6. (D) 7.
13. pH of an aqueous solution is 5.5. The hydroxyl ion conc. in the solution would be -
(A) –5.5 M (B) – 8.5 M (C) 10–8.5 M (D) 108.5 M
14. Which is an acidic indicator ?
(A) phenolphthalein (B) methylorange (C) (A) & (B) both (D) none of these
15. Which of the following aqueous solutions will have highest pH ?
(A) Sodium acetate (B) Sodium chloride
(C) Ammonium phosphate (D) Calcium chloride
16. Which of the following has the highest pH ?
(A) Distilled water (B) 1 M NH3
(C) 1 M NaOH (D) Water saturated with chlorine
17. [OH–] in a solution is 1 mol L–1. The pH of the solution is -
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 14 (D) 10–14
18. Which of the following is not a property of an acid ?
(A) Acids are sour in taste.
(B) Acids turn blue litmus red.
(C) Acids don't react with active metals to give hydrogen.
(D) Acids show neutralization reaction with bases.
19. W hich of the f ollowing salts when dissolv ed in water would giv e acidic solutions (s) ?
(A) Na 2 SO 4 (B) (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (C) CH 3 COONa (D) KCl
20. The chemical formula of 'Rock salt' is -
(A) Na2CO3 (B) NaCl (C) NaHCO3 (D) KCl

 Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.

NTSE PROBLEM (PREVIOUS YEARS)

1. The pair of the solutions which have pH value less than 7, is - [Karnataka NTSE Stage-I/13]
(A) solution of washing soda and solution of vinegar
(B) solution of soap and solution of washing soda
(C) solution of copper sulphate and solution of washing soda
(D) solution of copper sulphate and vinegar
2. Salt made of non-metallic elements only is : [Rajasthan NTSE Stage-I/14]
(A) NaCl (B) NH4Cl (C) AlN (D) MgCl2
3. pH of soda water is : [Rajasthan NTSE Stage-I/14]
(A) 7 (B) < 7 (C) > 7 (D) 0

4. About (i) CsOH, (ii) KOH, (iii) Be (OH)2 the correct statement is : [Haryana NTSE Stage-I/14]
(A) All are bases (B) (ii) and (iii) are bases, (i) is acidic
(C) (i) is acidic, (ii) is basic , (iii) is amphoteric (D) (ii) and (iii) are basic, (i) is amphoteric

5. Identify the wrong statement [Karnataka NTSE Stage-1/ 2015]

(A) Higher the hydronium ion concentration lower is the pH value
(B) Universal Indicator is used to judge how strong a given acid or base is
(C) As the pH value increases from 7 to 14, it represents increase in H+ ion concentration in the
solution
(D) Values loss than 7 on the pH scale represent an acidic solution

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Acids, Bases & Salts

6. Sodium Bicarbonate on decomposition forms : [Maharashtra_NTSE Stage-I/15]

(A) NaHCO3 (B) Na2CO3 (C) Na2CO3. H2O (D) Na2CO3. 10H2O
7. Salt of strong acid and weak base have pH value : [Maharashtra_NTSE Stage-I/15]
(A) Less than 7 (B) More than 7 (C) Only 7 (D) Only 14
8. In order to decrease the role of setting of Cement, which compound is mixed in it ?
[M. P._NTSE Stage-I/15]
(A) Ca(OH)2 (Slaked lime) (B) CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate)
(C) CaSO4.2H2O (Gypsum) (D) Al2O3 (Alumina)
9. The nature of solution when sodium carbonate is dissolved in water will be
[Rajasthan_NTSE Stage-I/15]
(A) acidic (B) basic (C) neutral (D) amphoteric
10. pH of a solution is zero. The nature of this solution is [Rajasthan_NTSE Stage-I/15]
(A) acidic (B) basic (C) neutral (D) amphoteric
11. The difference in number of crystalline water molecules in a molecule of gypsum and a molecule of
plaster of Paris is [Rajasthan_NTSE Stage-I/15]
(A) (B) 2 (C) (D)
12. A milkman added a small pinch of baking soda to fresh milk which had pH close to 6. As a result, pH
of the medium [Jharkhand NTSE Stage-1/ 2015]
(A) became close to 2 (B) became close to 4
(C) did not undergo any change (D) became close to 8
13. Which reagent is able to dissolve gold and platinum ? [Raj. NTSEStage-1/2016]
(A) Nitric acid (B) Aqua-regia (C) Hydrochloric acid (D) Sulphuric acid.

14. Which of the following is pH of basic solution ? [Raj. NTSEStage-1/2016]

(A) 7 (B) 4.2 (C) 6.9 (D) 10.2

15. The gas produced on addition of dilute sulphuric acid on powdered zinc is:
[Madhya Pradesh NTSEStage-1/2017]
(A) SO2 (B) S (C) H2 (D) O2

16. Two solutions A and B have pH Value 2 and 5 respectively their natue will be:
[Chattisgarh NTSEStage-1/2017]
(A) A and B both acidic (B) A alkaline, B acidic
(C) B alkaline, A acidic (D) A and B both alkaline

17. Which one of the folIowing reaction is not possible: [Chattisgarh NTSEStage-1/2017]
(A) Ca + H2SO4  CaSO4 + H2 (B) Cu + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2
(C) Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2 (D) Mg+ H2SO4  MgSO4 + H2
18. Plaster of paris hardens by: [Chattisgarh NTSEStage-1/2017]
(A) Losing CaCI2 (B) Absorbing CO2 (C) Absorbing water (D) Releasing water

19. Basic radical is: [Chattisgarh NTSEStage-1/2017]

(A) Positively Charged ion (B) Negatively charged ion
(C) Neutral atom (D) None of the above

20. 10–3 mole of KOH is added to 10 litres of pure water at 25°C. The pH will change by (assume no
change in volume occurs) [West Bengal NTSEStage-1/2017]
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D) 11
21. On reacting a compound of calcium (x) with water compound (y) is obtained. (y) on boiling with
NH4Cl a gas (z) is obtained. x, y & z respectively are : [Haryana NTSEStage-1/2017]
(A) CaCO3, CaO, NH3 (B) CaCO3, CaO, Cl2
(C) CaO, CaCl2, Cl2 (D) CaO, Ca(OH)2, NH3

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Acids, Bases & Salts

22. Zinc and HCl react to form [Uttar Pradesh NTSEStage-1/2017]

(A) H2 (B) N2 (C) CO2 (D) He

23. The chemical formula of Gypsum is:

[Gujrat NTSE stage-1/2014 ;Madhya Pradesh NTSEStage-1/2017]
1 1
(A) CaCO3 . 5H2O (B) CaSO4 . 2H2O (C) CaSO4 . HO (D) CaCO3 . HO
2 2 2 2

24. Which colour appears when few drops of phenolphthalein put into test tube contains lime water?
[Delhi NTSEStage-1/2018]
(A) Yellow (B) Orange (C) Pink (D) Colourless
25. The chemical formula of Plaster of Paris is [Chhattisgarh &Rajasthan NTSEStage-1/2018-2019]
(A) CaSO4 (B) CaSO4. 2H2O (C) CaSO4 . ½ H2O (D) CaSO4 . H2O

26. Concentration of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in mole/litre for pure water is :
[Raj. NTSEStage-1/2018]
(A) 1 × 10–7 (B) 2 × 10–7 (C) 1 × 10–14 (D) 1 × 10–6
27. The compound used for removal of acidity in stomach is : [Raj. NTSEStage-1/2018]

(A) NaCl (B) MgCl2 (C) Mg(OH)2 (D) CaCl2

28. The chemical formula of dead burnt plaster is : [Raj. NTSEStage-1/2018]
1
(A) CaSO4. H2O (B) CaSO4.2H2O (C) CaSO4.H2O (D) CaSO4
2
29. Which one of the following is complex salt ? [Chhattisgarh NTSEStage-1/2019]
(A) Ca(OCl)Cl (B) Pb(OH)NO3 (C) K2[HgI4] (D) Ca[H2PO2]2

30. Which one of the following is not an acidic salt ? [Chhattisgarh NTSEStage-1/2019]
(A) NaHSO4 (B) NaH2PO4 (C) Na3PO4 (D) Na2HPO4
31. The pH of caustic soda solution containing 2 gm/litre caustic soda will be :
[Chhattisgarh NTSEStage-1/2019]
(A) 11.9 (B) 9.7 (C) 10.8 (D) 12.7
32. Which of the following contain seven molecule of water of crystallization?
[DelhiNTSEStage-1/2019]
(A) Epsom Salt (B) Green Vitriol (C) Blue vitriol (D) White vitriol

33. Products obtained on electrolysis of brine are: [Delhi NTSEStage-1/2019]

(A) NaHCO3, H2, Cl2 (B) H2, NaOH, NaHCO3
(C) Cl2, NaOH, Na2O2 (D) NaOH, H2, Cl2

34. Aqueous solution of CsO2 is: [Delhi NTSEStage-1/2019]

(A) Basic (B) Neutral (C) Acidic (D) Amphoteric

35. A student added a drop of universal indicator to 1.00mL of given solution and found that a green
colour is produced. The pH value of the solution will be: [Delhi NTSEStage-1/2019]
(A) 7 – 9 (B) 0 – 9 (C) 10 – 12 (D) 4 – 6

36. Find the incorrect pair : [Tamilnadu NTSEStage-1/2019]

(A) Ammonium hydroxide-removes grease stains from clothes.
(B) Calcium Hydroxide-white washing of building
(C) Sodium hydroxide-Manufacture of soap
(D) Magnesium Hydroxide-manufacture of fertilizers

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Acids, Bases & Salts

37. Which of the following indicators is not an acid-base indicator ? [Jharkhand NTSEStage-1/2019]
(A) Phenolphthalein (B) Vanilla (C) Litmus (D) Methyl orange

38. The H+ ion concentration of a solution is 2 ×108 mol L-1. The pH value of the solution is-
[ U.P. NTSEStage-1/2019]
(A) 7.699 (B) 7.599 (C) 7.799 (D) 7.899
39. Complex salt is [ U.P. NTSEStage-1/2019]
(A) Zinc Sulphate (B) Sodium hydrogen Sulphate
(C) Iron ammonium Sulphate (D) Tetraamine Copper (II) Sulphate
40. Read the following statements. [ Haryana NTSEStage-1/2019]
Statement – I : Plaster of Paris is stored in moisture proof containers.
Statement – II : Plaster of Paris on reaction with water changes into a hard solid gypsum.
Select the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) Statement – I is true, Statement – II is false.
(B) Statement – I is false, Statement – II false.
(C) Both statements are true and statement – II provides explanation to statement – I
(D) Both Statements are true but statement – II does not provide explanation to Statement – I.
VALUE BASED / PRACTICAL BASED QUESTIONS
This Section is not meant for classroom discussion. It is being given to promote self-study and self
testing amongst the Resonance students.
1. While studying the properties of acids, a student makes hydrochloric acid react with the following
substances. Identify the substance which can displace hydrogen from hydrochloric acid and produce
hydrogen :
(A) zinc granules (B) sodium chloride (C) sodium bicarbonate (D) sodium carbonate

2. Which one of the following substance will be required to identify the gas evolved, when dil. HCl
reacts with solid sodium carbonate ?
(A) Red litmus solution (B) Lime water (C) Blue litmus solution (D) Zinc granules

3. 10 mL of HCl and 10 mL of NaOH solutions ar contained in two separate beakers labelled I and II
respectively. On adding zinc granules to both, it is observed that at room temperature :
(A) gas is evolved in beaker II but not in beaker I
(B) no gas is evolved in either of the two beakers
(C) gas is evolved vigorously in both
(D) gas is evolved vigorously in beaker I but not so in beaker

4. On bringing a lighted matchstick near the mouth of the test tube in which NaOH and Zn react :
(A) the matchstick gets extinguished (B) the matchstick burns faster
(C) a pop sound is heard (D) no effect is observed on matchstick

5. A solution in test tube ‘A’ turns red litmus blue, evolves hydrogen on reaction with Zn and does not
react with sodium carbonate whereas soution in test tube ‘B’ burns blue litmus red, liberated
hydrogen on reaction with Zn and CO2 with Na2CO3. Solution taken in ‘A’ and ‘B’ are :
(A) acid in ‘A’ , base in ‘B’ (B) base in ‘A’ , acid in ‘B’
(C) base in both ‘A’ , and ‘B’ (D) acid in both ‘A’ , and ‘B’

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Acids, Bases & Salts

PREVIOUS YEAR PROBLEMS

SECTION-B
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. B
8. D 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. C
15. B 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. D 21. A
22. D 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. D

EXERCISE - 1
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
SINGLE CHOICE OBJECTIVE, STRAIGHT CONCEPT/FORMULA ORIENTED
SECTION (A) : INTRODUCTION, CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
A-1. B A-2. A A-3. C A-4. D A-5. A

SECTION (B) : CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF BASES:

B-1. B B-2. D B-3. D B-4. A B-5. C

SECTION (C) : INDICATORS AND PH SCALE:

C-1. D C-2. B C-3. B C-4. B C-5. A

SECTION (D) : SALTS :

D-1. A D-2. A D-3. C D-4. B D-5. A

SECTION (E) : SOME COMERCIALLY IMPORTANT CHEMICAL COMPOUND :

E-1. D E-2. B E-3. C E-4. A E-5. B

EXERCISE - 2
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
SINGLE CHOICE OBJECTIVE, STRAIGHT CONCEPT/FORMULA ORIENTED

Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans A C C A A C D B B B C B C A A
Ques 16 17 18 19 20
Ans C C C B B

EXERCISE - 3
NTSE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Ques 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans A B C A A D A B C C A C D C C
Ques 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans D A,B,D D A A A B A D C

VALUE BASED / PRACTICAL BASED QUESTIONS

1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B

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