ANSWER KEY

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Chapter 1: Parts of Speech 15. One of Wilson’s influences was the blues,
C
Overview, pp. 1-23 especially the blues singer Bessie Smith.
Common, Proper, Concrete, Collective Nouns and Compound Nouns, p. 2
and Abstract Nouns, p. 1
EXERCISE A
EXERCISE A
1. In 1988, Susan O’Malley became one of the
1. Have you ever read The Crucible or any
few women in North America who ran a
other plays by Arthur Miller? COLL
major sports team .
2. Call Miss Sacks if you are on her
2. The National Basketball Association (NBA)
committee. COLL
is a major professional sports league .
3. The Louvre, a famous museum in Paris,
3. O’Malley was hired as the president of the
was once a palace.
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Washington Bullets, an NBA franchise, now

4. Dr. Athelstein will visit Civics I tomorrow COMP
known as the Washington Wizards.
to discuss the history behind Memorial Day.
4. The owner of the team, Abe Pollin, said that
5. The beach was littered with driftwood that
he offered O’Malley the job because of her
had been blown there by Hurricane Hugo. COMP
outstanding work and her brainpower .
6. Al’s Garage and Towing Service employs COLL
5. As a college student, O’Malley ran a group
the best team of mechanics in town.
that delivered balloons.
7. Address all suggestions to the Human EXERCISE B
Resources Department in Building Two. 6. The vice-president introduced her family to
8. How much of these vitamins does a person the committee.
need every day? 7. Edith, who is my partner on the debate
9. We enjoyed our vacation at the coast but team, uses push buttons to control her
want to see the Smoky Mountains this year. wheelchair.
10. Are you going to the classes at Glenwood 8. A gaggle of Canada geese landed in the
Hospital? courtyard in front of city hall.
EXERCISE B 9. Congress is considering a bill to lower
11. In this play, a brother and sister engage in a income taxes.
C
conflict over a piano .
10. That crowd of people has lined up to buy
12. The piano becomes a symbol for season tickets.
A
ambivalence toward African American
11. My stepbrother is a systems engineer.
history.
A 12. Mom asked how much the bushel of
13. Wilson’s discouragement with the treat-
corn cost.
ment of African Americans has spurred him
13. The reporter announced that the secretary of
to use theater to raise consciousness.
state had just arrived at the press conference.
14. Wilson has written a series of plays, each
A 14. The pack of wolves descended from the
set in a different decade.
rocky hill.

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15. Jim and Peter have just built a barn in the 15. Katerina finally found the perfect outfit for
backyard. the dance and exclaimed, “That’s the

Pronouns and Antecedents, p. 3 dress!” [Dress may also be considered the

EXERCISE A Possessive pronouns in 1, 2, 7, and 9 antecedent of That.]
may be considered adjectives.
Personal, Reflexive, and Intensive Pronouns, p. 4
1. On July 1, 1997, Great Britain relinquished
EXERCISE
its control of Hong Kong to China. If students have been taught to label possessive
2. The people of Hong Kong probably found pronouns as adjectives, then they should not under-
line the possessive pronouns in items 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
themselves wondering about their future. 8, and 10.
3. I. M. Pei, who himself is an Asian P
1. Have you ever participated in one of these
American, designed the Bank of China I

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benefits yourself?
building there. P
2. This year our club helped the trainers raise
4. Which of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts P
money for their work.
wings did he design?
3. Some city officials and business owners
5. Often, many who shop in Hong Kong have P P
donated their time to help us with publicity.
found the prices of certain items to be much
4. The dogs and owners representing the
lower than those of identical items at home. I P
center are themselves the stars at any of its
6. I can’t imagine that! events.
7. This is the postcard that I got from my P P
5. One trainer told me that the dogs in her
friend Leona when she was in Hong Kong. program are often strays from a local
P
8. “We were astounded by the smells, sounds, shelter— they may even have been
P
and colors of Hong Kong,” she wrote. recommended by its staff.
P
9. Leona and her parents treated themselves to 6. Her dogs learn to open doors by
R
dim sum, a meal that anyone might enjoy. themselves and to respond to sounds.
P P
10. What would you choose to eat from a 7. In addition, she makes sure that they learn
P
Chinese menu? to retrieve objects as part of their skills
EXERCISE B The possessive pronoun in item 11 may training.
be considered an adjective. P P
8. She and her staff try to teach the dogs basic
11. Mrs. Carter decided to take her children to P
skills within the first year, and later they
see the holiday decorations downtown.
teach specific jobs when dogs are matched
12. Did Sonia know she was going to receive
with owners.
the award? I
9. The training itself is expensive, which is
13. After she caught the flu, María took good P
why fund-raisers like ours are so important.
care of herself and recovered quickly. P P
10. My friends and I will continue to commit
14. Tim bought the oranges at the market R
ourselves to helping this organization.
because they were very sweet.

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Demonstrative, Interrogative, and Relative 15. Who could ask them whether they will play
Pronouns, p. 5
rock or blues or both? (interrogative)
EXERCISE A
I Indefinite Pronouns, p. 6
1. Of those colleagues, whom will you take
R EXERCISE
to the session that begins at noon?
D R [1] Around the globe, species alien to a given
2. This is an outline that explains how to
area are changing the environment and the
study properly.
D economy for anyone or anything already
3. Of the cat’s newborn kittens, these are the established in that area. [2] Some of these
R
two that I will adopt. unwelcome guests have traveled to their new
4. Aunt Phyllis saw my book and asked, homes via humans, animals, or insects; others
I D
“Whose is this ?” have arrived in ships, suitcases, clothing, and
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D R
5. Inez is among those who are trying out for even old tires.
roles in the spring musical. [3] The intrusion of a few of these creatures
I D
6. Which of those does Angelo think is the and the changes that many of them have
better design for the new student center? brought have not always been accidental. [4]
D
7. These are the problems for both teams: the Much of the fish habitat in U.S. inland waters
R
weather, which doesn’t seem to be improv- has been changed forever because too many of
ing, and transportation to the stadium. the nonnative species were knowingly mixed in
with the native ones. [5] Nutria, animals that
8. Jackson said, “Many people have told me
D R were previously one of the popular substitutes
that . Why should I not believe the story that
for mink, have been released into swamps and
I have heard?”
R marshes; by consuming root systems, each has
9. He read aloud Browning’s sonnet, which
R contributed to habitat and species loss and to
was the most touching poem that I had
erosion.
ever heard.
R [6] However, the case has usually been that
10. Lomasi told Henry, whom she trusted,
R someone or something unknowingly intro-
something that she wanted him to keep
duced the pests that annoy and destroy. [7]
secret.
Zebra mussels and plants such as leafy spurge,
EXERCISE B
hydrilla, and floating fern clog many of our
11. Those involved with music are preparing
U.S. waterways and irrigation systems. [8] In
for the annual music festival. (demonstrative)
the Black Sea area of Europe, several of the fish-
12. The crowd, which was very large last year, eries already in trouble because of polluted
is expected to double. (relative) waters closed when a good many were infiltrat-
13. The bands that will draw the largest crowds ed by the Atlantic jellyfish.
should begin at noon. (relative) [9] Present in the U.S. since the 1980s, both of
14. Several of these, whose music many have the mites that infect honeybees have destroyed
heard, have won competitions. (demonstrative) much of keepers’ colonies and ninety percent of

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all of the nation’s wild honeybees. [10] Finally, 8. Two bank employees, longtime friends,
nobody wants to contract one of the seventeen had been helping her make conservative
diseases carried by the Asian tiger mosquito or investments so her savings would grow.
to experience the painful sting of the imported 9. Those two women, the trust officer of the
red fire ant. bank and an attorney, helped her establish a
Adjectives and the Words They Modify, p. 7 scholarship for African American students
EXERCISE Possessive adjectives have not been at the University of Southern Mississippi.
marked.
10. The amazing story behind a scholarship fund
1. This gracious African American woman,
of such significance as hers has been told
whose ninety-one years were filled with
often in print and on national television.
hard work and many dreams, was Miss Ola

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to family and friends. Adjective or Pronoun? p. 8
EXERCISE A
2. Lucy, her hardworking mother, inspired her PRON ADJ
1. Several of those subjects are easy for me:
money-saving habits.
Algebra II, Spanish III, and American
3. Once Oseola began attending elementary
history.
school in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, her PRON ADJ
2. Hakim, please explain why both of these
lifelong home, she would come home
formulas are correct.
each day and help with laundry bundles ADJ
3. I didn’t know whether one topic would be
to earn even the least bit of money, saving PRON
more fun to research than the other.
these small amounts until she had enough PRON ADJ
to open a savings account. 4. Whose were those gym clothes left lying in
heaps on the benches?
4. Even then, her every thought was to PRON
provide whatever care she could for her 5. For much of our vacation, Dad had found
ADJ
grandmother and other members of her another route for us to follow.
ADJ
family who had no one. 6. May we have a little more time to finish
ADJ
5. The life of this young girl changed forever both parts of the application for admissions?
PRON PRON
when she left sixth grade to care for a sick 7. Neither of us knows which is the more
aunt and never returned to follow her own difficult job, gardening or baby-sitting.
ADJ
dream of becoming a nurse. 8. Each runner may pick up a sweatband and
ADJ
6. In the following years, Miss Ola continued a water bottle in either color.
PRON ADJ
to keep long hours in her laundry business 9. What did Salma do with each item?
and to deposit her savings in various local ADJ
10. The nature of this chemical is such that
bank accounts. ADJ
neither combination will be successful.
7. Because her formal education was incom- EXERCISE B
plete, she wanted to set up a scholarship to 11. Few people appreciated how long it took
give other black students the education she most of us to get into costume.
had missed.

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12. Renee hoped some guests would arrive early, 11. What happens when you put Iowa corn into
so she could enjoy visiting with each one. an iron pot, put on the lid, and apply heat?
13. The bricklayers finished most of the new 12. Ms. Ramirez calls the pop quizzes that she
wall before many businesses were open. gives each week practice tests.
14. Once you have decided which era you will 13. Every fall, we helped to collect sap from the
explore, whose is the story you will tell? maple trees.
15. Both golfers played an outstanding round, 14. Kitchi asked the mail carrier to slide the mail
each scoring in the low 70s. under the door.

Adjective or Noun? p. 9 15. That is the kind of service every tow truck
EXERCISE A driver should provide a motorist in trouble!
N
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1. The Blackfeet hunted buffalo on foot until Proper Adjectives, p. 10

ADJ
they acquired horses from European EXERCISE A
American settlers. 1. Swedish
ADJ 2. New York
2. These Plains people lived in tepees made of
ADJ 3. Socratic
buffalo hide.
ADJ 4. Homeric
3. In the early part of the nineteenth century,
ADJ ADJ 5. Italian
beaver trappers entered the Blackfoot hunt-
6. San Franciscan
ing ground. 7. Labor Day
N
4. After an initial conflict, the European 8. Iraqi
Americans began to trade goods such as 9. Javanese
ADJ
tools, metal knives, and glass beads with 10. Martian
the Blackfeet in exchange for beavers. EXERCISE B

5. Some Blackfeet refused to trade because 11. The Bensons just installed Mexican tiles
N
they considered the beaver a sacred animal. throughout their new home.
EXERCISE B 12. Explain five differences between the
6. This year, Mother has cooked our holiday Turkish and Ottoman empires.
turkey in her earthenware oven. 13. Do you think the Japanese culture encour-
7. Conrad did not stir the contents of his ages a stoic attitude toward difficult situa-
chemistry beaker enough to complete his tions?
test. 14. Next Thursday will mark the last annual
8. Doesn’t the green in this shirt clash with meeting of Spanish-American War veterans.
that purple jacket? 15. After twenty laps, Jacy threw himself with
9. Melina, please explain how much electricity a Herculean effort into the finish-line tape.
this light bulb will generate.
10. Plain cheese sandwiches were my favorite
until I tried one with broiled tomato.

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Action Verbs, p. 11 15. Others learn new skills when they work on
EXERCISE A computers that ADF provides.
1. With his excellent school record, Hiromi
P Linking Verbs, p. 12
was accepted to the medical school. EXERCISE A
[Students may correctly argue that was 1. When Roberto received the compliment,
accepted expresses a mental activity.] he turned red with embarrassment.
M
2. Pilar wondered why the air often smelled 2. Did the bananas at the grocery store look
smoky during autumn. good this morning?
3. Simon feels more energetic when he 3. Paula felt much calmer after talking to her
P
exercises in the morning. grandmother.
M

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4. Maggie quickly thought of the correct 4. The tree seemed taller today than it did
answer after Mr. Howard called on her. yesterday.
P
5. In the winter, trees that lose their leaves 5. The travelers grew tired after the long
look bare and lifeless. journey.
P
6. I cradled the puppy, which was asleep in EXERCISE B
my arms. At 2:40 P.M. in Cincinnati, Hank (Henry)
A
7. Teddy stopped by here earlier, before he Aaron of the Atlanta Braves [6] tied what [7]
P L
left for the train station. had been Babe Ruth’s unbroken record—714
M
8. Lee believed that his motorcycle was work- home runs during a major league baseball
A
ing well, but Jay did not agree. career. He [8] turned a 3 ball, 1 strike pitch into
A
a home run that [9] sailed over the wall.
9. While Emilio will eat cold cereal all year,
M A
Della dreams of oatmeal on cold mornings. Four days later, on April 8, Aaron [10] made
L
P history again. The stadium [11] looked packed,
10. The ship’s captain sounded the alarm, and A
and millions [12] were watching the game in
the crew scrambled on deck. L
their homes. The weather [13] was cool and
EXERCISE B A
cloudy. The Dodgers [14] were leading 3 to 1,
11. Her Always Dream Foundation (ADF) A
and the Braves [15] had one player on first base.
works with groups in California, Nevada, A
The pitcher [16] threw a fastball, and Aaron [17]
and Hawaii. A
knocked it over the left field fence. The crowd
12. These groups encourage and support L
[18] must have been wild with excitement!
economically and socially disadvantaged A A
Aaron [19] had hit number 715 and [20] had
children.
broken Ruth’s record.
13. Yamaguchi hopes ADF will expand into a
Main Verbs and Helping Verbs, p. 13
nationwide network of groups.
EXERCISE A
14. Many of the children never thought they 1. Rufino Tamayo was born in 1899.
would have enough clothing or school
2. During Tamayo’s childhood, his aunt
supplies.
would sell fruit in a market in Mexico City.

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3. His eye for color was probably influenced Transitive Verbs and Intransitive Verbs, p. 14
by this experience; red, green, and yellow EXERCISE A

are included in the dominant colors in his 1. Next year, Belinda will help us with the
paintings. homecoming plans.

4. Some of his work was inspired by the 2. Tama showed us her sketches of the
paintings of Spanish artist Pablo Picasso. scenery for the drama club’s next play.

5. Our art teacher has shown us slides of 3. Lightning flashed across the dark sky as the
Rufino Tamayo’s paintings. storm quickly approached.

6. Tamayo’s art has been exhibited in muse- 4. What will Sergio do for his part of our
ums throughout the United States and report on life in Plymouth Colony?
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Mexico. 5. The tire was flat, and the spare had barely
7. In 1936, Tamayo was living in New York enough air in it.
City, where he could pursue his goals as an 6. We walked the entire distance in the 10K
artist. benefit for cancer research.
8. Tamayo’s painting Children Playing with Fire 7. Dimitri was eager for his grandparents’
may have been created in reaction to the arrival so that they could see his new calf.
Mexican Revolution. 8. Yesterday, Reggie worked until the garage
9. Tamayo may have worried that people was clean and the trash was in bags.
would destroy themselves and the earth 9. Have Etta and Robbie arrived yet with the
through war. napkins and plastic plates, cups, and
10. Didn’t several other artists of the 1930s and silverware?
1940s have that same concern? 10. Pour the batter into a greased and floured
EXERCISE B baking pan.
[11] By the 1940s, this popular Mexican movie EXERCISE B
personality had become an international suc- [11] As a Marine, he faced the many challenges
cess. [12] He was more commonly known as of Guadalcanal in the Pacific during World War
Cantinflas. [13] Mexicans had fallen in love II. [12] When the military recalled him to active
with his charming but clumsy character who duty during the Korean War, he served his
was always dressed in baggy pants, a white country once again. [13] Later, he spent six
T-shirt, and a hat. [14] You may have seen the years in the Rhode Island House of
1956 movie Around the World in 80 Days, in Representatives. [14] He became governor in
which Cantinflas appeared as the character 1962 and was reelected in 1964 and 1966. [15]
Passepartout. [15] Rufino Tamayo must have He began his Senate career in 1976 and later led
also appreciated the work of Cantinflas because efforts toward the reduction of the federal
he painted a portrait of the Mexican star in 1948. budget deficit.

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Adverbs and the Words They Modify, p. 15 3. Trudy chose her book quickly, so she could
A
EXERCISE A go home to begin her book report.
1. Small children certainly do need careful 4. Will we ever be able to access books entire-
supervision. N
ly with computers at home?
2. Hector proudly showed his parents his 5. He liked only one of the reviews he read
excellent report card. A
tonight .
3. Josh worked on the project enthusiastically. N
6. Tonight is the night I will read those book
4. Surely we are meeting at my house? reviews.
A
5. I have never eaten in an outrageously 7. Tomorrow, Cecile will read the review that
expensive restaurant. rates a book three stars.
N

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6. Kuni carefully felt his way through the 8. Tomorrow will be the day they update the
totally dark hall. intranet book reviews.
A
7. The neighbors suddenly seemed too ready 9. Please run forward until I say “stop.”
to leave for their summer vacation. N
10. The forward on the team scored twice.
8. The defendant responded quite sarcastically EXERCISE B
to the prosecuting attorney. Answers will vary. Sample responses are given.
9. You can eat inexpensively in this restaurant. 11. The caravan arrived at the oasis, and
quickly
10. Odessa ran rather quickly to get her purse everyone helped to set up camp.
today
and jacket. 12. Sailboats filled the harbor as people crowd-
EXERCISE B ed into the town for the celebration.
Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. 13. Is this the best day for the soccer playoffs,
extremely even
11. She called me from Houston with an urgent or will another day be better?
message. really
very 14. When the dog needs to have a bath or to
12. Tina was lucky to find her gold ring. have its nails clipped, I take it to a groomer.
patiently
13. The dog waited for its owner’s return. 15. “Mechanics Want You to Know . . .” was the
yesterday
14. Construction crews will begin work at 6:00 name of the seminar that Mom attended.
tomorrow.
A.M.
The Preposition, p. 17
15. Would you mow the grass and wash the car EXERCISE A
today
for me? 1. The Incas of South America offered gifts to
their gods.
Noun or Adverb? p. 16
EXERCISE A 2. The Incas worshipped the mountain gods
A
1. Yesterday, I chose my books carefully for my along with the sun.
reports about events between 1890 and 1920. 3. If the gods viewed the Incas favorably,
N
2. Yesterday was the first time I had ever seen crops would be abundant during harvest.
book reviews on the school’s Intranet. 4. Beneath the rocky mountain soil, archaeolo-
gists discovered small silver statues.

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5. The figures were made of seashells and 5. I can’t find my other shoe, and my bus is
dressed in clothing like that worn by Inca here!
women. 6. The coach had tried to guide the team
6. Machu Picchu, a fortress city surrounded so that they could succeed.
by terraced gardens, was not discovered 7. Both Jules and Tess have passed the prelim-
until 1911. inary college entrance exams.
7. Cuzco, which is near Machu Picchu, was 8. Though the sky is filled with many constel-
the capital of the ancient Incan civilization. lations, my favorite is still the Big Dipper.
8. On the slopes of Mount Ampato in 1995, 9. Neither Ken nor Uni had seen the movie.
anthropologist Johan Reinhard and his
10. I hopped on one foot while I pulled off the
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friend Miguel Zarate found the frozen

wet sock.
mummy of a teenage girl.
EXERCISE B
9. According to a textile expert, she wore a Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.
shawl that was the best-preserved example 11. Neither; nor; but
of Incan clothing ever found. 12. Although
13. but
10. Andean people today maintain a reverent
14. Because
attitude toward the Andes Mountains.
15. and
EXERCISE B
Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. The Interjection, p. 19
in the library EXERCISE A
11. Someone sneezed loudly.
during the summer vacation 1. Hooray! Daria saw Halley’s comet on the
12. I will read three books.
from the basement wrap-around screen at the science theater.
13. Bring me the wrench and a hammer.
in the class for extra credit 2. Hey, have you visited the memorial to the
14. Who will answer this question?
in the barn Japanese Americans of World War II?
15. We have fed and watered the livestock.
3. Tomorrow we have an algebra test, and—
The Conjunction, p. 18 yikes!—I still need to study!
EXERCISE A
4. Grace thinks that we will be, oh, only
1. Not only did I feel foolish, but I also looked
fifteen or twenty minutes late.
ridiculous.
5. Yay! Construction has begun for the
2. You may not believe me, yet I’m telling the
National Museum of the American Indian.
truth!
6. Wow! October 1, 1999, was the fiftieth
3. We plan to travel through Europe by train,
anniversary of the People’s Republic of
for there is much we want to see.
China.
4. Would you like to join the computer club
7. “After trimming trees and planting shrubs
since you enjoy creating computer
all day, am I tired! Whew!” Onita said.
programs?
8. Ouch! I stubbed my toe on the curb!

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ADJ V
9. Say, I enjoyed visiting the birthplace of Improved [16] agricultural methods [17] reduced
CONJ
Margaret Mitchell, who wrote Gone With the the need for farmworkers. Cities grew [18] as
Wind. factories attracted more and more workers. [19]
ADV N
10. Ah! That swim in the pool was quite Unfortunately for many, living [20] conditions
ADJ
refreshing. were unhealthy and [21] unsuitable. Many lived
ADJ
in crudely built houses, [22] apartment build-
11. Oops! I didn’t mean to type an l instead of
ings, and even cellars. In early industrial cities,
an I. INT
[23] alas, widespread disease and pollution
12. Yikes! The lid on that antique ceramic jar is N
caused the death [24] rate to rise dramatically.
very delicate.
Over time, the quality of life in most industrial
13. Sh. The baby is sleeping in the other room, ADJ
cities got [25] better.

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and I don’t want to wake her.
EXERCISE B
14. My, what a beautiful apartment you have! 26. pronoun These are your books, and those
15. Now, where do you think they keep the are mine. [You may wish to con-
soup bowls? sider your an adjective.]
16. Where in the world could my wallet be? 27. verb By the time the bus arrives,
Aha! I found it! Nadine will have been waiting
17. Psst. When do you think this movie will for an hour.
end? 28. adjective When I was little, four hours
18. Oh, what a wonderful way to spend a seemed long.
holiday! 29. adverb Always remember to accept
19. Well, I believe I’ll call Monica tonight. gifts graciously and to send a

20. Ahem. Can I have your attention, please? thank-you note.

30. preposition In spite of the dry weather, the
Determining Parts of Speech, p. 20
EXERCISE A garden yielded ten bushels of
PREP snap beans.
[1] From the sixteenth century on, the Industrial
V
Revolution [2] caused many cities around the Review A: Parts of Speech, p. 21
ADJ
world to experience [3] tremendous growth and EXERCISE A
N CONJ N
[4] change. Particularly in Europe [5] and North In [1] America today, grammarians are [2]
ADV ADV
America, these cities [6] quickly became centers rarely heroes to students. Nevertheless, the
ADJ V
of [7] large-scale manufacturing. As a result, [8] opposite [3] should be true. Just ask any student
ADJ PRON PRON ADJ
many social problems developed in [9] them. [4] who has trouble with [5] high school English.
ADJ
Early on, [10] skilled craftspeople had [11] Probably the most famous American [6]
N CONJ N V
difficulty finding work [12] because machines grammarian is Noah Webster, who [7] died over
ADV
did their jobs [13] more quickly and inexpen- a century ago. However, Webster is not usually
ADJ PREP
sively. Many [14] city people began working remembered for his work [8] as a grammarian.
PREP PREP PRON
[15] in factories where conditions were poor. [9] Because of the dictionaries [10] that have

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been named after him, he has become famous; Review B: Parts of Speech, p. 22
however, he had nothing at all to do with most EXERCISE A
PREP
of them! 1. Two workers were trapped in the mine
ADV ADV
One of the [11] most interesting grammarians when the tunnel caved in.
ADJ ADJ
of the [12] twentieth century is the Harvard 2. Carol’s mother, a busy person herself,
scholar George Lyman Kittredge. Working with a sometimes asked Carol, “Couldn’t you
V V
colleague, in 1913 he [13] published a book called please busy yourself with some work?”
V
An Advanced English Grammar. His book treats 3. The Red Cross workers help in any
ADJ N
grammar with a [14] well-known firmness. [15] emergency where their help is needed.
INT N ADJ
Oh, Kittredge’s overpowering [16] personality 4. The girl with the black hair was dressed
CONJ N
inspired many legends [17] and stories [18]
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

entirely in black.
PREP PREP
about his imperious and dramatic manner. 5. That delivery truck has driven past our
V ADJ
That Kittredge’s book [19] happens to be house several times in the past hour.
N
available for the [20] rest of us is fortunate. EXERCISE B The possessive pronoun in item 24 may
INT
[21] Well, what other grammarian today would be considered an adjective.
PRON
write what Kittredge did on the very first page The famous [6] ones occurred in California
ADJ N PREP
of his [22] grammar book? One sample sentence and in the [7] Klondike [8] during the 1800s.
V V
on that page [23] states categorically, “A man Stories have been told and [9] retold about for-
PRON ADJ
who respects [24] himself should never conde- tunes made and lost in the [10] gold fields,
N
ADJ especially near [11] San Francisco and Dawson.
scend to use [25] slovenly language.” PRON
EXERCISE B
However, on [12] all of the North American
PRON
26. pronoun Of all the fabrics used, cotton continent [13] these were not the first sites of
ADV
cloth is one of the oldest in the gold fever. Several years [14] earlier, the discov-
N
world. ery and lure of the gold drew a [15] swarm of
PREP
prospectors [16] to Auraria in northern Georgia.
27. verb Five thousand years ago the
inhabitants of India grew and Auraria (Latin for “City of Gold”) is in
ADJ
spun cotton. Cherokee County. Formerly [17] an unexplored
PREP
region [18] between two obscure rivers, [19]
28. adverb Cotton was also used frequently ADJ CONJ
this small town became [20] both a name on
in ancient Egypt, China, and CONJ
the map and a word on people’s lips. [21]
Pakistan. CONJ ADJ
When they heard tales of [22] enormous gold
29. preposition It was not until A.D. 700 that
nuggets in the late 1820s and early 1830s, peo-
Europeans began to grow V
ple [23] flocked to the nearby hills of Auraria.
cotton in their fields. PRON V
[24] Its stores and law offices soon [25] were
30. adjective The weaving of cotton fabrics serving more than a thousand people.
was one important factor in the INTJ CONJ
[26] Well! The boom was exciting [27] while
English Industrial Revolution.
it lasted. However, by the 1850s Auraria, once

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ADJ
so [28] full of promise, was merely a small EXERCISE B
N N ADJ
town with a glittering [29] past. Today, all that 6. The bright light shone through the light
V
[30] remains is a ghost town. material.
PREP
Review C: Parts of Speech, p. 23 7. When the tennis ball went over the fence,
EXERCISE A Carmen’s partner wanted to start the game
ADV
1. noun I am astonished by the incredible over.
V N
operating speed of modern 8. Color the letters on the poster with a color
computers. that is highly visible.
PREP
2. preposition Data fed into a computer can be 9. Southside’s quarterback sped down the
N
stored for future use and sideline to make the crucial first down.
retrieved quickly. ADJ PRON

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
10. These socks belong to Diego, and these are
3. adjective American companies increas- Juanita’s, so those must be mine.
ingly depend on electronic CONJ
11. Before you play computer games, you
parts. PREP
should sit before your desk and finish your
4. adverb Companies might often use homework.
databanks to manage informa- ADV
12. Gene cast about, searching for a helpful
tion efficiently. PREP
manual about car repair.
5. pronoun Many people who once feared ADJ
13. We receive three daily newspapers, but we
electronics are now ordering do not always have time to read all of them
personal computers for ADV
daily.
themselves. V
14. At his uncle’s farm, Theo milks cows and
N
processes the milk to make butter and
cheese.
N
15. Tomorrow, and especially our dress
ADV
rehearsal tomorrow, will be here before
we know it.

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S
Chapter 2: The Parts of a Sentence, 4. On November 14, 1963, a volcano created a
pp. 24-46 new island off the coast of Iceland.
S
Sentences and Sentence Fragments, p. 24 5. Have articles about volcanoes or geother-
EXERCISE A mal energy appeared in any magazines
1. S 4. S
lately?
2. F 5. F P
3. F 6. From the internal heat of the earth comes
geothermal energy.
EXERCISE B S
Revisions may vary. 7. In Iceland geothermal energy is released by
6. F—For Chebet, this win broke a string of the internal heat of the earth.
P
second-place finishes in previous 8. In 1980, the volcanic eruption of Mount St.
P
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

marathons in New York City and Boston. In Helens shocked the world.
he
April 1999, also won first place in the 9. Because of geologists’ efforts to predict the
^
S
Boston Marathon. eruption, loss of life was minimal.
P
7. S 10. Eyewitnesses of the event will not soon for-
8. F—Like Chebet, Adriana Fernandez had get the sight.
also finished in second place in the 1998 EXERCISE B
she became
New York City Marathon. In 1999, the first 11. Have you read this article on central Italy
^
Mexican woman ever to win an interna- and Mount Vesuvius?
tional marathon. 12. Pliny the Younger was the first to describe
she was 1
9. F—In addition,^nearly 2 2 minutes ahead of the various stages of an eruption.
her nearest competitor. Her time was only 13. In addition, Pliny described the height of
26 seconds short of the record that the cloud of ash above Vesuvius as well as
Australia’s Lisa Ondieki set in 1992. the effects of the eruption on people.
10. F—Chebet and Fernandez each felt they 14. Mount Vesuvius is situated a little over five
had run a strong race. At 4 minutes 43 sec- kilometers northwest of Pompeii.
onds, the time for one of the miles that
was 15. Part of the caldera around Vesuvius, known
Chebet ran^the fastest in the race.
as the Somma Rim, was formed approxi-
Subjects and Predicates, p. 25 mately 17,000 years ago.
EXERCISE A
S Simple and Complete Subjects, p. 26
1. Volcanoes and volcanic eruptions have
EXERCISE A
long been a source of fascination and terror. SS
P 1. The home page had links to Native
2. They have even played a role in the religion American businesses and services.
of many cultures. SS
P P 2. Included were a variety of organizations
3. Have scientists given the world any expla- from North, Central, and South America.
nations of volcanic activity?

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CS
3. Several of the Web sites provided more Simple and Complete Predicates, p. 27
links to education and employment EXERCISE A
SP
services. 1. Our band fund-raiser will be selling pop-
SS/CS corn in cans trimmed in the school colors.
4. Robert found the links to cultural research CP CP
centers and newspapers helpful. 2. By this time tomorrow our train will have
CS arrived at the next stop on our tour.
5. Also useful was the American Indian CP
Science and Engineering Society site. 3. Gayle’s alarm clock has awakened her an
SS/CS hour early each day.
6. Did he tell you about the resources of the CP
CP
Seventh Generation Fund site? 4. For how many seasons did Yogi Berra play
SS baseball in Yankee Stadium?
7. His favorite Web site was that of the SP SP

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Wordcraft Circle of Native Writers and 5. Mom and Dad have always kept a road-
Storytellers. emergency kit in the car.
CS EXERCISE B
8. The American Indian Center of Chicago
will be a great site for his family history 6. Wes had been searching for his carburetor.
search. 7. Did you paint with tempera or watercolors
SS/CS
9. Did he view the links under “Native in art class today?

Businesses”? 8. Slowly, the fog was rolling around the hills

CS and down into the valley.
10. The Native American home page is now
bookmarked in his computer’s Internet 9. Feeling a little awkward, Sharon offered her
program. help.
EXERCISE B 10. Grandfather teased me playfully.
11. Many American Indian groups have 11. Tomorrow, bring pens, pencils, papers, and
expanded income sources well beyond erasers with you for the final exam.
tourism and art.
12. How far from NASA headquarters does the
12. Some groups expanded by opening busi- flight-crew coordinator live?
nesses on reservations.
13. Canada geese slowly made their way to the
13. American Indians have also begun provid- pond.
ing support services as government con-
14. Grandmother used a washboard for the
tractors.
laundry on washday.
14. Some have taken advantage of scenery and
15. Do you know any tricks with a yo-yo?
location to add hotel and recreation
Complete and Simple Subjects and Predicates,
facilities.
p. 28
15. To work with non-Indian companies, a EXERCISE A
number of tribes incorporated and set up 1. Computer programs replace pencil and
separate business offices. paper, slide rules, and small calculators.

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2. They provide rapid analysis and impact Compound Subjects, p. 29

reports on changing data. EXERCISE

3. With easy-to-use Internet resources and 1. Increased wages and additional benefits

communications, data can be shared more were the results of the negotiations.

quickly. 2. Will Mark or Sara pick you up at the bus

4. The result of using computers for many stop?

tasks is usually a savings in time and 3. There are many charts and graphs in our
money. new economics book.

5. All of this technology produces much more 4. Trains, buses, and the subway make up the
efficient and productive work mass-transit system here.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

environments. 5. Neither swimming nor boating is possible

EXERCISE B yet at the site of the man-made lake.
6. Ivette Carcas, an architect from Florida, has 6. The radius of this circle and the height of
seen a number of changes in her field. that rectangle should be equal.
7. Pencil sketches were previously the norm. 7. Is soy, corn, or wheat more important in the
8. Now, she constantly uses computer-aided U.S. economy?
design (CAD) programs. 8. Wire cages or netting can keep young
9. These programs give her more flexibility. plants safe from hungry birds and animals.
10. Because of this new resource, clients some- 9. One coat, two caps, and four sweaters were
times pressure the professional for a quick on Nettie’s shopping list.
answer. 10. Neither Kevin nor Sean had seen this kind
11. Without thorough discussion, the result of caterpillar before.
could be unrealistic expectations or incor- 11. Has either the deer or her fawn been eating
rect plans. at the trough with the cattle?
12. Another Florida architect, Miguel 12. Tomorrow, the coach or the team captains
Rodríguez, would agree with Ms. Carcas’s will speak at the pep rally.
assessment of computer technology in their
13. Alfalfa or soybeans will grow in those fields
industry.
next year.
13. According to Mr. Rodríguez, thought 14. Newsstands and newspaper vending
processes for problem solving cannot be
machines are located throughout the
rushed.
airport.
14. The client’s desires must be balanced with 15. Snips and snails and puppy dogs’ tails are
the schedule.
not really the ingredients of little boys.
15. Local regulations and building codes also 16. Are plant nutrients and dirt really deriva-
must be considered in any design.
tive products of rocks?

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17. Electricity and computers certainly caused 13. Harold, Mel, and I compared our notes and
changes in industry in the last century. reviewed the chapter before the civics test.
18. Mathematicians and astronomers agreed on 14. Shall I call some of my friends and invite
the location and size of the new planet. them to the show?
19. This weekend, four or five of us will walk 15. In the morning, the aircraft mechanics will
in the benefit for cancer research. either repair or replace the part.
20. Either next weekend or the one after might 16. Firefighters needed more water and chemi-
be better for our class picnic. cals but couldn’t get them fast enough.

Compound Verbs, p. 30 17. Biologists could neither recognize nor

EXERCISE categorize the new strain of bacteria.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
1. Survey crews may either finish the job now 18. Helen liked stories by Robert Louis
or wait until after the thunderstorms. Stevenson but could never remember any
2. My father usually sleeps during the day of the titles.
and eats his breakfast at 7:00 P.M. 19. My cat always recognizes the sound of my
3. Evan would have walked, run, or bicycled father’s car and meets my father at the
to the first game of the season. door.
4. The driver turned off the road, parked on a 20. Will Ruby and James bring fruit for a salad
side street, and waited. or buy some at the grocery?
5. Mom did an excellent job, was awarded a Compound Subjects and Verbs, p. 31
paid day off, and earned a raise. EXERCISE A

6. Our supermarket manager looked but 1. CV—Bewick would cut away pieces of a
could not find the product either. block of wood and leave a raised, printable
image.
7. Juan dropped his duffel bag on the sand,
doffed his sandals, and raced into the 2. CV—Grace Albee (1890–1985) began her
ocean. engraving career by creating linocuts but
later, in Paris, learned Bewick’s technique.
8. Do mail carriers work in bad weather or
wait for better conditions? 3. CS—Either her artistic skill or her eye for
detail would have made her work
9. You should finish all the problems but still
successful.
have enough time for a quick review.
4. CV—She inked, screened, and laid the
10. The poet Paul Valéry rose at dawn each
prints on the dining room table.
morning and wrote for hours.
5. CS—Her works and those of artists such as
11. For orange paint, add equal parts of red
Rockwell Kent have been called regionalist
and yellow and blend thoroughly.
art.
12. Court stenographers hear all the testimony
but should not discuss any of it with
anyone.

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EXERCISE B 10. Was Langston Hughes one of the most

Students’ sentences may vary slightly. influential African American poets of his
6. In 1927, she and her husband entered work
day?
in a Providence Art Club print exhibition.
7. The couple moved to Paris in 1928 and Complements, p. 33
began working and taking classes. EXERCISE
8. Painter Norman Rockwell and printmaker 1. The garden also includes a top-ranked
John Taylor Arms were among their friends. sculpture park.
9. Albee’s prints of plants contrasted soft
against sharp and played light against 2. How many landscape awards has the gar-
shadow. den won?
10. A museum and the Boston Public Library 3. We enjoyed the botanical garden because
display some of her prints.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

the weather was perfect.

How to Find the Subject in a Sentence, p. 32 4. Even if the weather had been bad, the
EXERCISE A
guide would have shown us the indoor
1. Here is a poem by Alice Walker, an African
sculptures.
American writer and a Pulitzer Prize
5. Our group did not attempt a tour of the
winner.
entire 118 acres.
2. Was Alice Walker dismissed once from col-
6. Leonardo da Vinci’s Horse was the main
lege because of her participation in a civil
attraction for us.
rights demonstration?
7. Da Vinci had named his massive bronze
3. Didn’t she later win a scholarship to Sarah
creature Il Cavallo.
Lawrence College?
8. People rediscovered the horse as early as
4. There are several copies of the novel The
1966.
Color Purple, by Alice Walker, in our school
library. 9. The notebook in which the designs were
found is called the Madrid Codex II.
5. Claudia, please pick up a copy of the movie
The Color Purple at the video store. You 10. Da Vinci designed the horse but never con-
structed it.
EXERCISE B
6. Gregory, listen to the rhythm in the poem 11. One person who read about the notebook
“Harlem,” by Langston Hughes. You and design was Charles Dent.

7. There is a line in that poem about “a raisin 12. He considered the sculpture a dream
in the sun.” project of major importance to the U.S.A.
S and to Italy.
8. The writer of the play A Raisin in the Sun
took the play’s title from that line of poetry. 13. However, when he died in 1994, the da
Vinci horse was not yet complete.
9. Wasn’t there a movie produced under that
title also? 14. The prearranged sale of some of Dent’s art
collection proved lucrative.

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15. The sale gave Dent support for the project. 11. Everyone cheered the football team wildly
16. At the same time, Fred Meijer negotiated because it had reached the state finals.
both the garden’s support and funding for 12. At the farmer’s market we will buy spring
the project. onions, black-eyed peas, and peaches.
17. Sculptors at the foundry poured, assem- 13. What great coordination Odelle, Jillian, and
bled, and shaped two of the huge bronze you bring to our defense!
horses. 14. For the awards banquet next month, invite
18. Each sculpture had a stainless steel frame someone as your guest.
and weighed nearly thirteen tons. 15. Six of Eliot’s great-grandchildren attended
19. Milan, Italy, witnessed the unveiling of its his ninetieth birthday party yesterday.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Leonardo da Vinci Horse in September 1999. 16. Graph the tallest mountains in the fifty
20. How welcome the 24-foot American Horse states.
was. 17. DeNiequa should be taking both of you
Direct Objects, p. 34 with her when she buys groceries.
EXERCISE Students’ identification of compound 18. Mei-Ling watched the toolmaker as he
nouns may vary.
finished the point on the shovel.
1. Did our neighbor stake her new plants?
19. How much oil do sunflower seeds yield per
2. Have you read those chapters yet?
pound?
3. Had the enormous whirlpool trapped the
20. What a wonderful fabric you have selected
schooner?
for the upholstery on the sofa and chairs!
4. Dad and Mom planted decorative native
Indirect Objects, p. 35
grasses along the back fence.
EXERCISE A
5. Letitia, Ira, and Colin helped the pep squad
1. In her books, Amy Tan provides her fans a
and me with the goal post decorations.
glimpse into her own Chinese heritage.
6. After you remove all liquid from this solu-
2. Tan gives her audience stories that are
tion, determine the amount of sodium
based on her family history.
remaining.
3. Many stories that she heard while growing
7. Once a week, Pearl added a fictional
up furnish the author material for her
adventure to her journal.
books.
8. Travel agents usually can answer questions
4. In her book The Joy Luck Club, Tan shows
about your destination.
readers the relationship between Chinese
9. During today’s practice, Coach wants American mothers and their daughters.
cooperation.
5. Relationships among her own family mem-
10. Where does Mr. Jepson keep the markers, bers gave her the inspiration for the book.
poster board, and gluesticks for this
project?

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6. In the dedication of The Joy Luck Club, Tan 5. The athletic committee named Kimama
OC
gives her mother the assurance that she has “Outstanding Athlete of the Year.”
not forgotten her Chinese heritage. 6. How useless the electrical storm rendered
7. The author also offers her editor, her agent, our computers!
and her family thanks for their encourage- 7. Mr. Peterson considers Italian, French, or
ment. Latin excellent preparation for college.
OC
8. Book reviewers afford Tan much critical 8. My brother appointed me official guardian
OC
acclaim for her first efforts as a novelist. and protector of his baseball card collection.
9. Throughout her books, she presents the 9. The managing director appointed Ms.
public a new and refreshing point of view. Latham assistant director.
OC
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

10. Her second novel, The Kitchen God’s Wife, 10. What a successful student her determina-
also won Tan critical praise. tion made her!
EXERCISE B EXERCISE B
11. Tsoai-talee, a mountain sacred to the Kiowa, 11. My grandfather called Julia’s lasagna
provides Momaday that name. delicious.
12. Anglo-Americans have given this Wyoming 12. Granddad finds eating both necessary and
mountain the name Devil’s Tower. pleasurable.
13. My teacher told us the story of Momaday’s 13. His friends dubbed him “The Connoisseur”
name and of its meaning, which is “Rock- because he always makes some remark
Tree Boy.” about his food.
14. Before Momaday was a year old, one of his 14. Granddad appointed my sister Julia tester
father’s relatives gave him this name. and taster of his new recipes.
15. The Pulitzer Prize Committee awarded the 15. How fulfilling and “filling” she considers
writer the 1969 fiction prize for his book the experience.
House Made of Dawn.
Direct and Indirect Objects and Objective
Objective Complements, p. 36 Complements, p. 37
EXERCISE A EXERCISE A

1. The manufacturers called their product the 1. By the turn of the century, how many apart-
OC DO
greatest invention since the toaster. ments filled the island of Manhattan?
IO
2. My parents consider my sister and me 2. The photographer gave us one of the pic-
dependable. tures she had taken of the school.
OC
3. The student council reelected Carlos 3. Sweep the chimney clean at least once a
president this year. year and the firebox after each use.
DO
4. After lunch, Deandra wiped the table and 4. Please do not send any more of these sam-
OC
the countertops clean. ples unless someone requests them.

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5. Ms. Van Sterben deemed her faithful nurse post, was secretary of labor during Franklin
OC
worthy of a share of the fortune. Roosevelt’s administration.
IO IO
6. Had she allowed herself and her staff any 6. The seeds you planted are becoming vines
spare time for emergencies? and fruits all over the garden.
OC
7. What folly future historians may consider 7. Are your e-mails about Kimi’s trip to
many twentieth-century “innovations”! Norway the ones with last month’s dates?
8. In addition, this housing provides the 8. The most innovative idea for an air shaft
IO
immigrants few extras. was yours.
9. The director and the cast discussed the first 9. Germany, Austria, and Hungary were the
DO
act but decided not to change it. countries with the most representatives.
IO

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
10. Who would award an architect a prize for 10. The helpful woman who called yesterday
an undesirable structure? from the local insurance agency is she.
EXERCISE B EXERCISE B
11. Roberto took a huge bite out of the 11. Next year’s class representatives will be
sandwich. George Running Bear and Sylvia Flying
12. Everyone congratulated Nancy on her Hawk.
award. 12. How stirringly Sidney Poitier became
13. Dad lent Wally his car for the evening. Justice Thurgood Marshall in that teleplay!

14. Jane always likes her vegetables well 13. The honor of meeting such an influential
cooked. business leader was mine and theirs at last.

15. The mayor quickly issued the public a 14. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., a nonviolent
statement regarding his decision. activist and civil rights leader, was a
recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Predicate Nominatives, p. 38
EXERCISE A 15. The main difference between wasps and
1. Shirley Chisholm became the first black bees is that wasps have long, narrow bodies
woman to serve in the U.S. House of and slim waists.
Representatives. Predicate Adjectives, p. 39
2. The antique table, which we found in the EXERCISE A

basement, must have been a valuable one. 1. When did doctors become aware of the
importance of antiseptics?
3. When viewed from above, the design of the
building seemed the shape of a figure eight. 2. Four tables for two will be available at
about the same time.
4. Hasn’t the ocean turned a beautiful color
from the light reflecting off the clouds? 3. Mom’s apple-blueberry muffins are
delicious.
5. Frances Perkins, the first woman in the his-
tory of the United States to hold a Cabinet

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4. To Edith and Sol, the circus’s high-wire act Predicate Nominatives and Predicate
Adjectives, p. 40
appeared thrilling, dangerous, and
EXERCISE A
glamorous. PN
1. You will remain president of this organiza-
5. My plan to listen to that music through my
tion for the rest of the year.
headphones sounded good to Mom and PN
2. Is Raymond Dawson the author of The
Dad.
Chinese Experience?
6. Bev’s seat covers were navy and tan.
3. Tiffany had been typing for an hour, and
7. Your essay on pet food should be informa- PA PA
she looked discouraged and tired.
tive but entertaining. PA
4. The food at the banquet was tasteful and
8. Smoke billowing from the warehouse fire PA
appealing in its presentation.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

smelled pungent and oily.

5. After three days of thunderstorms, Tranh
9. Who has seemed happiest about your PA PA
felt depressed and languid.
acceptance to that college? PN PN
6. They became celebrities and millionaires
10. Stretching your muscles during exercise
practically overnight.
can be helpful. PN
7. Should Arturo be the leader of the
EXERCISE B
expedition?
11. The rose garden smelled lovely. PN
8. Seditious groups were a threat to the new
12. With four holes still to play, the amateurs’
regime.
golf tournament leaders were confident. PA
9. How content my uncle seemed in his
13. A person with a balanced diet, enough rest,
remote cottage on the Outer Banks of North
and plenty of exercise should stay healthy.
Carolina.
14. Will the music sound clearer because of PA
10. My grandmother seemed happy and
your new speaker system? PA
surprised because we had come to visit her.
15. How fortunate you and Sheila are to get
EXERCISE B
tickets to the concert! Answers will vary. Sample responses are given.
16. Should dependability be essential in any 11. Edna, at the age of eighty-four,
car you might consider buying? was spry and alert .
17. Do the floats in this year’s holiday parade 12. After his retirement, Detective Forbes
seem bigger and more colorful than last became an avid gardener .
year’s?
13. When he completed his project, Sergio felt
18. Explain for us why corn can grow so tall in proud of his work .
this particular climate.
14. All of the gardens in the tiny Japanese vil-
19. Most carpet layers with whom I have lage were beautiful .
worked are experienced, efficient, and neat.
15. Todd thought that the job application
20. Ruben felt a little nervous as the time grew looked frighteningly long .
near for his driving test.

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Parts of a Sentence, p. 41 EXERCISE B

IO DO
EXERCISE A 11. Juanita offered Caroline a seat next to her in
1. (complete subject) Each person on the the theater.
PA
roster is eligible for a 12. The film’s plot seemed overly complex and
PA
T-shirt and a cap. hard to follow.
DO OC
2. (simple predicate) What had been happen- 13. The student council elected Aurelio treas-
ing to the wildlife in the urer for next year.
forest and the lake?
14. My part-time job at the law office is good
3. (predicate adjective) Drivers must stay PN
experience for the future.
straight in the narrow
15. Our school’s historical society keeps our
lanes along this section. DO OC

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
heritage alive in its production of plays.
4. (simple subject) Only Marvin could
Classifying Sentences According to Purpose,
think of a solution like p. 42
that for this problem. EXERCISE
5. (direct object) Bring all of your
1. EXCL—What a strange sight that was!
2. DEC—Elizabeth Blackwell, the first female
favorite recipes to con-
physician in the United States, opened a
tribute to our booklet! hospital in 1853.
6. (simple predicate) Shadows had slowly 3. INT—If you don’t mind, could you stay
fallen across the dusty after class to help clean up?

hills.
4. EXCL—What a terrific day I’ve had!
5. INT—Did the playwright Henrik Ibsen
7. (predicate nominative) The audience become cynical as he grew old?
became a wall of 6. IMP—Set the table for dinner, please.
sound. 7. DEC—He asked how you knew whom to
8. (indirect object) Could you furnish contact.

this court any evi-

8. IMP—Don’t move from that spot! [or
spot.]
dence of your where-
9. EXCL—How fabulous Denny’s birthday
abouts? party was!
9. (complete predicate) How long that 10. IMP—Think before you speak, Rich. [or
mechanic must have Rich!]

worked to repair our Review A: Complete Sentences and Sentence

Fragments, p. 43
car!
EXERCISE
10. (objective complement) Did the minister 1. F 6. S 11. F 16. F
say, “I now pro- 2. S 7. F 12. S 17. S
nounce you 3. F 8. F 13. F 18. S
husband and 4. S 9. F 14. S 19. F
wife”? 5. F 10. S 15. S 20. S

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PA PA
Review B: Parts of a Sentence, p. 44 14. The sky seemed bright and clear in the
EXERCISE A morning.
1. Most of us recognize the differences in 15. Enthusiastic applause greeted the
DO
English pronunciations—for instance, the conductor.
difference between American and British
Review C: Parts of a Sentence, p. 45
pronunciations. EXERCISE A
2. We are also familiar with many varieties of 1. Pouched mammals, such as the kangaroo,
American speech. differ from other mammals in significant
3. We oftentimes know Texans by their drawl ways.
and recognize Bostonians by their pronun- 2. Most of these marsupials carry their young
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

ciation of a’s and r’s. in pouches.

4. Usually, however, an educated Texan and 3. At birth, the young of all marsupials are
an educated Bostonian write a nearly iden- astonishingly small in comparison with the
tical kind of English. full-grown adults of the species.
5. In fact, the Texan and the Bostonian share 4. A newborn kangaroo or wombat, for
this written brand of English with most instance, measures only about an inch long
other writers of English in all parts of the and remains utterly helpless for a long
world. period of time.
EXERCISE B 5. There are a great many types of marsupials,
6. Helen Frankenthaler proclaimed her including marsupial moles and marsupial
DO OC
painting finished. mice.
IO DO
7. Nick gave us directions to the Ruben Blades EXERCISE B
concert. 6. The stories of Mary Wilkins Freeman are
PA PN
8. Martina Arroyo was happy about her role often portraits of strong-willed women.
DO
in Aïda. 7. Baseball player Babe Ruth hit a double in
9. Stories by Eudora Welty were his favorite the first inning of that game.
PN IO DO
reading material. 8. The author promised me a free copy of his
IO
10. Did you give Tawana her Emily Dickinson book.
DO PA
book? 9. The poems of Langston Hughes are fluid
PN PA
11. Gwendolyn Brooks was the winner of a and evocative.
PN
Pulitzer Prize in 1949. 10. Is the Citadel a military college in South
DO
12. Many Hawaiians welcomed the news of Carolina?
fair skies after the hurricane. 11. Shannon Jones, a Philadelphia attorney, pre-
DO OC DO
13. Her supporters judged her qualified to be sented the case for the defense.
DO
elected to Congress. 12. We considered the new baseball field
OC
perfect for our league.

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IO DO
13. Will you give Hernando the gift now or 6. DEC—Ranch hands rode for several miles
later? before they found the first tracks of the
PA cougar.
14. The rain seemed heavier in the afternoon.
DO OC 7. INT—If we ask Ms. Okada, don’t you think
15. Rosa appointed Charla treasurer for the she will let us finish these last two algebra
upcoming term. problems?
8. DEC—Lucia’s graph identified the ten sena-
Review D: Kinds of Sentences and Sentence tors who had served the longest in
Fragments, p. 46 Congress.
EXERCISE A
9. IMP—Hurry, Noelle!
1. INT—How many birthdays have you cele-
brated in the United States, Mr. Nguyen? 10. INT—Had Thi and Willis planned on
camping and hiking all weekend long?
2. DEC—Tomorrow is the beginning of the
EXERCISE B

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
spring semester and also of basketball
season. 11. S 15. F 19. S
3. EXCL—What a clever idea you had! 12. S 16. S 20. F
4. IMP—Add the distance between points A 13. S 17. S
and B to the distance between points C 14. F 18. F
and D.
5. IMP—Please take home any food dishes or
games you brought for the party.

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Chapter 3: The Phrase, pp. 47-68 15. Dusty, my three-year-old beagle , is a

Phrases, p. 47 very intelligent dog.
EXERCISE A Prepositional Phrases, p. 48
P
1. The bird with the bright red feathers is a EXERCISE
cardinal. 1. With warm smiles they welcomed us to
2. You’ll need to discuss that with Ms. Conlan, their school.
P
the director of the community center. 2. Rows of trees swayed gently in the breeze.
NP
3. Even when the sun is shining, this forest is 3. As soon as the cat comes in the house, it
dark and gloomy. wants to go outside again.
P
4. Keith has never tried waterskiing in this 4. The Space Shuttle Discovery carried the
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

lake. Hubble Space Telescope into orbit in 1990.

NP
5. Seventeen trees in the neighborhood had 5. Have you asked your brother whether we
fallen before the storm ended. can use his bike in the morning?
P
6. The cat, sitting serenely on the top shelf of 6. In the Roaring Twenties, the Teapot Dome
the bookcase, watched us cleaning up the scandal marred the presidency of Warren
mess. Harding.
NP
7. The highway that goes around the city is 7. If Kevin calls, please tell him that I’ve
usually less crowded than the one that goes already gone to the game.
through the city. 8. Soaring silently through the sky, the hawk
P
8. Don’t forget to wear a hat while you’re out watched carefully for its next meal.
in the sun! 9. Fifteen inches of snow fell in some parts of
P
9. After seeing the movie, Ryan decided to the state last night.
read a book. 10. In addition to political cartoons, Thomas
NP
10. What was the last book that Mark Twain Nast also made drawings of Santa Claus.
wrote? 11. For Suzanne’s birthday, we gathered in the
EXERCISE B conference room for a party.
Answers will vary. Sample responses are given.
12. From the bridge, Julio saw the Manhattan
11. Waving to our teacher , we said goodbye
skyline spread out before him.
until the next school year.
13. Sally threw lettuce and tomatoes in a bowl
12. The small gray kitten was hiding under
and poured dressing on the mixture.
the porch .
14. Pat scolded the dog, who had put its
13. Jeremy was asked to sing a solo .
muddy paws on her dress.
14. Lightning flashed in the distance ,
15. The driver of the car said he was flying to
and the sound of thunder rolled across the
Jerusalem to get married.
countryside.

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16. Acrobats did handsprings on the sidewalk 10. Fortunately, heat and light from the sun
in spite of the crowds rushing to work. should last for another five billion years.
17. Due to bad weather, the plane did not EXERCISE B

arrive on schedule. 11. The top four teams from the conference will

18. Joshua toddled around the house in his advance to the playoffs.

pajamas. 12. Next time you go to the store, get a carton

19. The kite dove into the trees, snagging on a of eggs.

branch before we could get it down. 13. A box of torn paper and ruined ribbons was

20. By means of a crudely constructed wooden all that remained.

raft, he floated down the river. 14. Tanya was delighted with the book by

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Mark Twain you gave her.
Adjective Phrases, p. 49
EXERCISE A The participial phrase modifying the 15. Shadows in brown and gray dominated the
object of the preposition in item 5 need not be painting.
indicated.
1. The sun, which provides the light and heat Adverb Phrases, p. 50 Some answers may vary.
EXERCISE
required by life on earth, is nothing more
than a huge ball of gas. 1. In five minutes we should leave for the
airport.
2. Almost all of this gas is hydrogen.
2. Can Tina finish the report after lunch?
3. Hydrogen atoms collide in the core of the
sun and combine to make helium. 3. Upset about the mess, the supervisor fired
the two painters.
4. These reactions produce energy which
eventually escapes the sun and makes its 4. Our shuttle flight between islands will land

way to earth. soon because of the short distance.

5. Tiny packets of energy called photons can 5. Jarod moved the desks out of their rows

spend over a million years escaping the into small clusters of four or five.

sun. 6. For two hours the rains drifted slowly but

6. However, after they reach the surface of the steadily across the valley.

sun, they spend only eight minutes on their 7. We watched the huge owl perched high in
journey to earth. the pine tree.

7. From the ground, the sun appears yellow 8. After practice, we can finish changing the
and the sky over our heads seems blue. oil in your car.

8. Sunlight is actually white, but when it pass- 9. Juanita is always punctual for choir rehears-
es through earth’s atmosphere, the blue al and softball practice.
portion of the light gets scattered. 10. The movie we saw last night was outstand-
9. The sun cannot produce all this energy for- ing in terms of scenery and costumes.
ever; it will eventually use up the hydrogen 11. How many books will still look new after
atoms in its core. this year’s classes?

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ADV ADV
12. By midmorning Wanda had sorted the 8. Hughes moved to Harlem in 1921 and later
ADV
books for the auction by topic and author. traveled in Africa and France.
13. Should I mention that today the stores are 9. Frequently, he would send poems to
ADV
open from 8:00 A.M. until 10:00 P.M.? American magazines.
ADV
14. In just six years, Irene had earned degrees 10. He once left some poems beside the plate of
ADJ
in marine geology and surveying. a well-known poet.
ADJ
15. Didn’t Grandmother seem surprised by the 11. This poet spread the word about Hughes’s
ADJ
large crowd at her birthday party? abilities as a poet.
ADV
16. Harriet finished the college entrance test 12. As a result, Hughes’s poetry became better
ADV
within the two hours allowed. known after 1925.
ADJ
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

17. Aaron seemed satisfied with the additional 13. Two books of his poetry were published
provisions of his employment contract. before he got his college degree.
ADV
18. None of the departments is receiving 14. Hughes went around the country and
ADV
interoffice mail this afternoon after 2:00 P.M. spoke to many audiences.
ADJ
19. Later tonight during the meeting of our 15. He also wrote books about the careers of
ADJ
family band, we will play kazoos and various African American heroes.
spoons. Participles, p. 52
20. One section of Etta’s job application was EXERCISE
incomplete in regard to her education. 1. Searching, we found several baseball games

Adjective and Adverb Phrases, p. 51 on television.

EXERCISE A 2. Raul plays the part of a wandering minstrel
ADJ
1. The illustrations in this book are certainly in our skit.
beautiful. 3. Six birds huddled in the branches under the
ADV
2. Ahanu’s mouth slowly opened in a huge pouring rain.
yawn. 4. Having won, the Panthers agreed that the
ADJ
3. LaNelle’s collection of antique dolls has co-captains should accept the trophy.
become quite valuable. 5. The spruce trees, having been planted and
ADJ
4. No one at the council meeting understood nurtured, were ready to harvest.
the question. 6. In what ways do the entwined DNA
5. The birthday presents were wrapped strands communicate information?
ADV
with care. 7. Exploring, the botanist collected a few
EXERCISE B seeds during his walk.
ADJ
6. Some of Hughes’s poems had appeared 8. The farmer hoped that his hay, cut and
ADV
in his elementary school’s magazine. baled, would bring a good price.
ADV
7. In high school Hughes enjoyed studying 9. The growing children constantly needed
and writing poetry. larger shoes.

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10. For our lemonade Mimi added frozen cubes 6. Yuri missed all the wildflowers among the
of orange juice instead of regular ice cubes. grasses, mown just the day before.
11. The leading candidate gratefully acknowl- 7. The framing timbers prepared, the carpen-
edged people’s support in the election. ter could begin the room addition.
12. The geese, having landed, seemed reluctant 8. Prop managers will need to arrange the
to take off again. scenery found in the storage area.
13. In an algebra problem, the derived value of 9. Alerted to expect a pop quiz, we were sur-
x may not always equal y. prised not to have one.
14. The setting sun cast a beautiful light over 10. This is the first letter, having been stamped
the meadow. and mailed today, to be sent on the new

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
15. The judges handed the presenter the sealed stationery.
envelope that contained the winner’s name. Participles and Participial Phrases, p. 54
16. Having overslept, we caught the last com- EXERCISE A

muter train on the morning schedule. 1. The baby, crying from hunger, awakened
everyone in the house.
17. The chosen applicants must attend the ori-
entation meeting Monday morning. 2. Cooked too long, the roast was dry and
tasteless.
18. Final grades, having been recorded and
posted, were also mailed to us. 3. Spinning on our skates, we attracted the
attention of all the other skaters.
19. Kate’s vest was of a woven fabric that she
had designed and made herself. 4. The money collected by the students went
toward their class trip.
20. Soaping, rinsing, and drying, the dishwash-
er efficiently cleaned the pots and pans. 5. Glancing at the calendar, Mika remem-
bered her dentist appointment.
Participial Phrases, p. 53
EXERCISE B
EXERCISE
1. Spinning like a whirlwind, the gyroscope 6. The music having finished, Jerry and Eileen

became a green-and-white blur. walked slowly off the dance floor.

2. A child having been lost in the woods, 7. Jiro, engrossed in the chemistry experiment,

search parties were organized, and dogs completely forgot what time it was.

and helicopters were requested. 8. Jumping into the air, the collie caught the

3. Our basketball team, headed for the play- stick.

offs, focused on attitude and teamwork. 9. Gary and Felix, tossing a football back and

4. Receiving the award as Teacher of the Year, forth, talked about the upcoming game.

Ms. Wilkinson laughed, then cried. 10. Onto the stage walked the comedian,

5. Having sunk this putt, has Tiger Woods straightening her jacket.

made the lowest score in today’s round of 11. Riding through the park, the friendly
play? cyclists greeted everyone.

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0P
12. Having removed his shoes, Takao stepped 12. After an hour of searching, Bettie had
into the living room. enough information from the Internet for
13. Cara, checking her rearview mirror, noticed her report.
S
how closely the car was following her. 13. Would painting have held his attention
14. Tired from his long hike, Jorge flopped into longer if he had been able to sell his work?
S S
the chair. 14. The sawing and hammering made so much
15. Highways named for famous people cross noise that the baby woke up.
S
many sections of the country. 15. Exercising is my favorite way to reduce

Gerunds, p. 55 stress.
EXERCISE A Gerund Phrases, p. 56
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

1. Exploring enables botanist Mark Olson to EXERCISE A

find unusual or rare habitats. 1. Equipment for sledding and ice-skating
2. In order to examine some plants, collecting around this pond may be rented over there.
has played an important part in his work. 2. On tonight’s program, let’s give engineer-
3. The small amounts of rainfall are predictable ing in this century a closer look.
and make forecasting a dependable science. 3. Departing and arriving through customs is
4. Under these climatic conditions, surviving now easier for international passengers.
is not what one would expect from such a 4. Tullie didn’t mind licking the new, mint-
wide variety of plant life. flavored stamps.
5. Whether in Madagascar or Mexico, the 5. Many students support local charities by
thrill of discovering never fades. volunteering time after school.
EXERCISE B 6. Voting for your favorite candidate is the
DO
6. Rosa quit dancing for six weeks after she best way to promote responsible govern-
sprained her ankle. ment.
OP
7. Carita had to decide between golfing and 7. Without excavating further, the archaeolo-
OP
swimming. gist could not estimate the age of the site.
S
8. Taxiing is the airplane’s method to move 8. Doesn’t raising the flag on the mailbox tell
between airport terminal and runway. the letter carrier we have mail for pickup?
9. American artisans have kept alive the crafts 9. Once the train left the station, it made up
OP OP
of tatting and crocheting. time and began running on schedule again.
I0
10. Darla gave sleeping a high priority after she 10. Two important parts of Stan’s business
finished her final exams. were greeting customers and managing
D0
11. Isaac did enjoy in-line skating when he had time.
the time. EXERCISE B
S
11. Riding on the top level of a double-decker
bus lets tourists see better.

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IO S
12. All the actors gave singing in the melodra- 8. For Leo, acting in the school play was the
ma their wholehearted effort. greatest thrill.
DO OP
13. Grandmother loves dropping in for a visit 9. Vivian exercises by jogging through the
with us. park.
S
14. According to the committee’s air quality 10. Admitting his guilt was not easy but made
S
report, carpooling for work would be an Jerry feel better.
DO
asset. 11. Howard enjoyed coaching the children’s
S
15. Is autographing books for their fans a task soccer team.
S
most authors enjoy? 12. Volunteering with Big Sisters helped Mari
PN
16. First on Juan’s checklist was verifying decide to become a counselor.
IO

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
names, addresses, and phone numbers. 13. Gordon gave designing skyscrapers as a
DO
17. The electrician began removing the knock- career his best effort.
PN
out circles on the box for the light switch. 14. Cristina’s mistake was signing the contract
S
18. Our cheering and yelling at the celebration without legal advice.
S
party took the team by surprise. 15. Writing to a European pen pal can be a
19. Gary’s job at the grocery store today was rewarding experience.
PN
sorting and arranging items on the pasta Participial Phrases and Gerund Phrases, p. 58
aisle. EXERCISE
S PART
20. My running out of thank-you notes hap- [1] Determined and driven toward her goals,
pened at a very bad time. Butcher raises her own dogs. [2] Tucked away
PART
Gerunds and Gerund Phrases, p. 57 in the Alaskan wilderness not far from the
EXERCISE A Arctic Circle , her kennel is a four-hour drive
1. When the day is over, reading is a pleasant from the nearest grocery store. [3] Butcher
way to relax. believes that only when she remains this isolat-
ed from society can she concentrate on creating
2. The teacher discouraged whispering. GER
a tight bond with her 150 dogs. [4] Having
3. When the water temperature is right, PART
been a veterinary technician previously, she
diving can be an exhilarating experience.
has raised huskies in her own unique way for
4. Weeding is essential for a healthy garden.
more than twenty years. [5] From the moment
GER
5. After exams are over, dancing helps to get each puppy is born, getting it used to her voice
rid of tension. and her touch requires plenty of time.
PART
EXERCISE B [6] Breathing on a newborn puppy so that it
S
6. Understanding quantum physics is difficult can also learn her scent, she handles and talks
PART
for many people. to the puppy frequently. [7] Growing closer
OP
7. Gareth was soon bored with weeding the and closer to Butcher, the puppy is personally
garden. fed, trained, and even sung to and massaged by

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her. [8] When the puppy is four and one-half 13. Before 7:00 A.M., sixty students had already
GER ADV
months old, Butcher begins training it in har- logged on to register.
GER N
ness . [9] By showing the dogs her love for 14. Why did Jim decide to leave early?
them, Butcher gains the devotion needed to cre- ADV
15. Because we had come to the park to camp
ate championship teams. [10] In the Iditarod, ADV
GER and hike, Ben started setting up tents.
crossing approximately 1,160 miles of moun-
Infinitive Phrases and Infinitive Clauses, p. 60
tains, frozen seas, and snowy wilderness
EXERCISE
between Anchorage and Nome is the ultimate
1. Augusta Ada Byron King seemed born to
test of a dog team’s devotion. IP
use words as effectively as her poet father
Infinitives, p. 59 had.
EXERCISE A
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

2. Her mother, Lady Byron, did not want to

1. With so many leaves and so little breeze, IP
stress literary skills in Ada’s education.
we should start to rake now. IP
3. Ada’s studies seemed to emphasize algebra,
2. Uncle Stan and I took the canoe out onto
calculus, logic, and physics.
the lake to fish.
4. It was unusual during the early 1800s
3. In Any Given Day, 98-year-old Jessie IC
for a young woman to receive this type of
Foveaux had many entertaining memories
education.
to tell.
5. After meeting Charles Babbage in 1833,
4. To succeed had always been Barbara’s goal IP
Ada was eager to learn more about his
for her golf game.
work.
5. Rhode Island’s Senator felt that in his posi-
6. Babbage was already working on a
tion integrity was not too much to expect. IP
machine to replace his unfinished
6. Is this true that to question is an indication Difference Engine.
of intelligence?
7. Ada used Babbage’s formulas in program-
7. What made you laugh? IP
ming his new Analytical Engine to add,
8. To live, you must dream. subtract, multiply, and divide numbers in
9. Our team’s first wish for the final game of any requested sequence.
IP
the season is to win. 8. To show related branches being calculated
10. On this record, will we hear Hoyt Axton within equations was Ada’s goal in using
sing? the Bernoulli numbers found in trigo-
EXERCISE B nometry.
IP
11. For you, what is the easiest number to 9. Among all the women to contribute to the
ADJ
remember? computer industry, only Ada has had a lan-
N
12. To graduate has great significance in Judy’s guage named for her.
family.

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INF
10. The military and the aerospace industry 4. How many hours does it take to fly from
IP
sometimes use the language Ada to power New York to the South Pole?
PART
their computer programs. 5. Hiding behind a boulder, I watched the
Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases, p. 61 pronghorn run across the plain.
GER
EXERCISE A 6. Laws have continued banning the sale of
1. I 3. I 5. P lead-based paint.
2. P 4. I
7. Is Wilt Chamberlain the only basketball
EXERCISE B INF
player ever to score 100 points in a single
6. My uncle wanted to show me his new pic-
game ?
ture by Hiroshige. PART
8. Playing for the Minnesota Twins, Rod
7. To see an original print by Hiroshige is a

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Carew won seven American League batting
joy.
titles.
8. Most artists of his time liked to paint
9. Nathalie Sarraute will be remembered for
women or actors. PART
her literary style, called Roman Nouveau.
9. Hiroshige wanted to depict the natural PART
10. The team having been moved out of
world.
Washington, D.C., the mascot changed
10. His first major job was to draw illustrations also.
for a book. EXERCISE B
ADV
11. Later, he went on to complete large sets of 11. The methods used to develop plutonium
prints. have been applied to DNA and RNA
12. At some point he must have decided to research.
ADJ
concentrate on landscapes. 12. The novel describing the struggles of a
13. Hiroshige apparently loved to populate his family was my favorite.
N
pictures with human figures. 13. Did owning the oldest pencil in the world
14. Many Western artists, including van Gogh, make Count von Faber-Castell famous?
N
liked to imitate his scenes. 14. Langston Hughes helped found the Harlem
15. Hiroshige managed to produce over five Suitcase Theater.
N
thousand prints in his lifetime. 15. We decided to spend our vacation day
Verbal Phrases, p. 62 touring the wildlife park just a few miles
EXERCISE A away.
GER
1. Creating a united nation for all African Appositives, p. 63
peoples was Julius Nyerere’s goal in life. EXERCISE A
2. Former Irish Prime Minister Jack Lynch did 1. Sometimes, the needles of a spruce tree
INF
his best to foster peace in Ireland. might not have their famous color, blue-
GER
3. Name the record credited with being this green.

company’s first million seller.

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2. Spruce trees usually are found growing 2. Do we note the pattern, the number and
along water sources, streams or springs. width of their stripes, to tell the zebras
3. Picea glauca, the white spruce, may have apart?
blue-green needles. 3. Rosalie was sure she had seen a black hole,
4. Also called a Canadian spruce, this tree a cavernous dark spot in the night sky.
prefers a milder climate, the forest. 4. When it’s time to leave for the airport, the
5. Mass plantings of this spruce in a land- new one near the east freeway, let me know.
scape, windbreaks, continue to be popular. 5. Did the R.M.S. Titanic, that most luxurious
EXERCISE B of cruise ships, have only one gash in its
6. Walter paid less for ten high-density hull?
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

diskettes, a package, than he had a month 6. Calculate the values of these variables, x
ago. and y, for this equation.
7. Did you help our guest, Aunt Tovah, get 7. The duckbilled platypuses, odd-looking
settled in the guest room? mammals, seemed to be playing chase in
8. Traffic on the freeway was in its usual con- the river.
gested state, gridlock. 8. I enjoyed The Last of the Mohicans, both the
9. Celebrities, the young couple usually trav- television movie and the book.
eled in disguise. 9. Looking over his truck, Jett decided to add
10. Our debate is scheduled for tomorrow, two things, a step and a grab bar by each
Thursday, instead of Friday. door.
11. Han’s new book, a novel, will be in book- 10. Our neighbors, the new family two houses
stores by the middle of the month. away, are planting yuccas in their front
12. All of the new baseball team members, yard.
rookies, reported for practice a week early. EXERCISE B
11. Describe three achievements of Margaret
13. Sally made an appointment to discuss her
Thatcher, the former British Prime Minister.
schedule with her counselor, Ms. Whitson.
12. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., a leading advo-
14. Follow these easy steps to make my
cate for the end of segregation, worked to
favorite dessert, gingerbread.
get unfair laws changed.
15. The cartoon characters Tom and Jerry tick-
13. As long ago as 1949, scientists were investi-
led my funny bone.
gating the nutritional value of plankton,
Appositive Phrases, p. 64
small ocean creatures.
EXERCISE A
14. Have you ever wondered what makes
1. One of our sales clerks, a girl named
emeralds, such amazing gemstones, so
Shauna, sets a good example.
beautiful?

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15. Researchers compared tuberculosis strains, the war. [15] Unfortunately, his son’s partner,
both the active and the nonactive, looking Ferdinand Ward, was as dishonest as some of
for what did and did not cause the disease. Grant’s Cabinet members had been.

Appositives and Appositive Phrases, p. 65 Review A: Prepositional Phrases and Verbal

EXERCISE A Phrases, p. 66
1. I took my stereo to Otto Shultz, a local EXERCISE A
ADV
technician. 1. At that time most schools were privately
2. Sheriff Yvonne Hamilton, the first woman operated and charged fees.
to hold that position, was cited for bravery. ADJ
2. Fees for schooling were usually not large;
3. Even Veronica, the best student in our class,
barely passed this trigonometry test. nonetheless, many families could not afford
4. One of the most exciting cities in the world, them.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Rio de Janeiro is filled with tourists. ADJ
3. While most of the towns and cities had
5. Mr. Gonzales, the school newspaper’s advi-
schools, many rural districts did not.
sor, taught us how to lay out the front page.
6. An innovator in the shoemaking industry, 4. Fairly wealthy rural families hired tutors or
ADV
Jan Matzeliger has been pictured on a else sent their sons to boarding schools.
stamp. ADJ
5. However, a member of the family was the
7. Bobby, their two-year-old toddler, did less
only teacher that most daughters would
damage than we expected to his birthday
present. have.
8. My father transformed our backyard, a tan- 6. Anyone supervising apprentices was
gle of weeds, grass, and brambles, into a ADV
responsible for those children’s education.
deck area. ADV
9. That clock, a family heirloom, was my 7. Following the American Revolution, text-
great-grandmother’s wedding present to books, including Noah Webster’s famous
me. speller, began to appear.
10. Last Saturday we invited the Apontes, our
8. Webster’s text, and others, followed
new neighbors, to have dinner with us. ADV
American pronunciation in teaching
EXERCISE B
spelling.
[11] A viable candidate for a third term as ADV
president, Grant was relieved when James A. 9. During the 1800s, people started viewing
Garfield received the 1880 Republican Party free public education more favorably.
ADJ
nomination. [12] After losing this bid for anoth- 10. Advocates for these schools also wanted
er term in the White House, Grant settled into a state education boards to establish goals
ADJ
quieter lifestyle with a considerable nest egg, for students.
savings that amounted to approximately EXERCISE B
$100,000. [13] He decided to put most of his 11. There were few colleges in America; most
INF
savings into a business run by two people, his of these had been established to educate
son and another man. [14] Still a poor judge of ministers.
character, Grant was no more successful with
this venture than he had been with some before

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PART
12. A boy applying for admission to a college 3. The Red Scare adversely affected public
ADJ
would have studied Latin, Greek, and opinion toward U.S. labor unions.
ADJ
mathematics. 4. The Immigration Act of 1924 slowed the
GER ADJ ADJ
13. Preparing for college might also have flood of newcomers from non-European
included courses in history, rhetoric, and countries.
ADJ
logic. 5. A hero of the Twenties, Charles Lindbergh,
PART ADV
14. College preparatory schools, called acade- flew a single-engine plane across the
mies, were the predecessors of high schools. Atlantic.
15. The problem for many was understanding 6. The 1920s are sometimes called the Jazz
GER ADV ADJ
the purpose of the curriculum in these Age because of the style of the decade’s
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

schools. popular music.

16. Previously, some college preparation had 7. A basketball team consisting entirely
INF ADV
been designed to give students strong trade of African American players, the Harlem
skills. Globetrotters entertained delighted crowds
ADJ
17. Students at colonial colleges could expect across the country.
INF ADV
to study science, literature, and modern 8. In spite of the Eighteenth Amendment,
languages. which legislated prohibition, many larger
GER ADV
18. Taking advanced classes in Latin, Greek, cities ignored this law as they grew through
and mathematics was also common. the decade.

19. Instead of long assignments from textbooks, 9. President Wilson was successful in his
INF ADV ADJ
students had to learn by rote memorization. efforts to establish the League of Nations.
PART ADV
20. Directed by a board of trustees, the presi- 10. People were delighted by electric lighting,
dent of the college managed its adminis- airplanes, radios, and other inventions that
tration. improved their lives.
EXERCISE B
Review B: Prepositional Phrases and Verbal GER
Phrases, p. 67 11. Going to the movies became fashionable.
EXERCISE A The adjective clause modifying the object INF
12. No longer did moviegoers have to walk to
of the preposition in items 8 and 10 need not be
indicated. the movie theater.
PART
13. Riding in a Model T, the average American
1. So many men left their jobs to fight traveled with greater freedom than ever
ADV
in World War I that women had to leave before.
ADJ
home and become a part of the paid work-
14. For the first time ordinary people were able
force. INF
ADV to own and operate automobiles.
2. American women voted in their first PART
ADV 15. Jamming the country’s highways by 1929
national elections, leading to a large voter
were more than 22 million cars.
turnout.

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GER
16. At first, the problem was finding enough GER
7. Finishing an essay is sometimes hard.
restaurants or gas stations during a road APP
8. Photographing migrant workers, Dorothea
trip.
PART Lange’s task, was often difficult.
17. Expanding rapidly during this period,
9. After the heavy rain began, I no longer
American businesses looked toward a INF
wanted to go outside.
bright future.
10. A frog that did not jump would be a
18. In 1928, Herbert Hoover was elected to PREP
INF strange kind of frog.
guide the nation’s affairs.
EXERCISE B
19. Many people were involved in the tricky APP
GER 11. Taking pictures, one of Judy’s favorite
game of playing the stock market.
pastimes , keeps her busy on weekends.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
20. After the stock market crash of 1929, PART
INF 12. Finding no one home , the salesperson left.
President Hoover failed to stop the INF
recession. 13. Owls are able to turn their heads almost
all the way around.
Review C: Prepositional,Verbal, and Appositive GER
Phrases, p. 68 14. We raised money by conducting a bake
EXERCISE A sale.
PREP APP
1. The shaken driver crawled from the dam- 15. Margaret Coit, the Pulitzer Prize winner,
aged car. wrote a book about John C. Calhoun.
PART PREP
2. Shocked greatly , they stood silent and still. 16. The view across the river is magnificent.
GER PREP
3. An excellent form of exercise is walking 17. Through the trees we saw smoke from a
vigorously. small cabin.
PART PART
4. Discouraged by his fruitless tracking, my 18. A signed form indicating your approval is
photographer friend gave up. required.
INF INF
5. To rest awhile seemed advisable. 19. “Don’t be afraid to ask questions,” he told
APP
6. The park’s prize attraction, an obsolete us.
tank , was my small brother’s favorite GER
20. Hedda Hopper’s job was writing chatty
“mountain.” columns about Hollywood.

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–87
Chapter 4: The Clause, pp.69– 15. Chemistry is the subject with which he has
Identifying Clauses, p. 69 the most difficulty.
EXERCISE A
The Independent Clause, p. 70
1. In 1909, funding was approved for this stat-
EXERCISE
ue, which is located between Plymouth,
1. HTML can only describe to a computer the
Indiana, and the Yellow River.
positions for information, graphics, and
2. It is a monument to Chief Menominee, who buttons on a display screen or Web page.
tried to save his people’s land.
2. More efficient than HTML, XML (Extensible
3. When he designed the statue, the sculptor Markup Language) is a tool that tells com-
depicted the chief in full Potawatomi dress. puters how to find, relate, and share infor-
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

4. Everyone will remember this peaceful chief mation.

as long as the monument stands. 3. XML tags information so that the computer
5. The reservation where the Potawatomi knows the difference, for example, between
lived had been set aside in an 1832 treaty. the various numbers on a customer’s order
6. Chief Menominee did not negotiate to sell or credit memo.
the land, but three other chiefs did. 4. Equally important, tags usually appear
7. Because the treaty had given the land to all before and after any data that is being
four chiefs, Menominee said the sale was described.
illegal. 5. Nesting is a convenient feature of tags
8. Chief Menominee and his supporters, who because it allows grouping of related bits of
had committed no crimes, were simply data.
ignored. 6. Anyone interested in XML should be able
9. White settlers rushed onto the land, and the to follow the rules for using it.
state militia moved the American Indians 7. Users can create tag labels in everyday lan-
off. guage for their businesses.
10. The relocat ion trip to Kansas, which is now 8. Because tags can function as a tree, or out-
called “The Trail of Death,” was a disaster. line, with any number of related groups,
EXERCISE B some labels will be more specific than
11. Then, I saw a side of her character that I others will.
had not seen before. 9. Usually, a pair of tags is created for each bit
12. We finally found the key in the locker of data; each tag is written inside angle
where I had left my luggage. brackets that look like arrow points, one
13. Luisa believed that she would not be recog- facing left, the other facing right.
nized with a new hairstyle. 10. XML tags for movie listings, for example,
14. After 6:00 P.M., every door was locked so might include the words movies, title, and star.
that it was impossible to leave or enter the
building.
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The Subordinate Clause, p. 71 EXERCISE B

EXERCISE Answers will vary. Sample responses are given.
1. Louise Abbéma, who lived from 1858 to 6. Whenever you walk on the beach, you
seem to find beautiful shells.
1927, at first was most famous for painting
7. Although summer is starting off hot, cooler
portraits. weather is in the forecast.
2. While she was an art student, the young 8. Because I live in this country, I am able to
girl continually amazed everyone with her enjoy many liberties.
ability. 9. What I need now is a good night’s sleep.
10. After I graduate, I will start working full
3. An early influence was artist Rosa Bonheur,
time.
whose skill and renown Abbéma admired.
The Adjective Clause, p. 73

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
4. In Paris, where she had been studying with EXERCISE A
well-known artists and art teachers, her first 1. I looked for the book that Bahira recom-
portrait of Sarah Bernhardt gained her pub- mended.
lic recognition in 1876.
2. Red is a color that often signals danger.
5. Because Bernhardt continued posing for 3. The passengers suffered delays, which they
Abbéma’s portraits, they became good thought were intolerable.
friends.
4. The lake where we camped last weekend is
6. That Abbéma wore her hair short and often called Clear Lake.
dressed as a French soldier added to her
5. Kaulana is the only one of you who is
notoriety in Paris social circles.
always punctual.
7. She showed not only portraits but also still EXERCISE B
lifes as exhibits of her art continued. 6. Sara went to the Bureau of Vital Statistics,
8. Admirers wanted decorative panels, where she hoped to find the answer.
engravings, and magazine illustrations that 7. The plants that we put outside last summer
she had created. really thrived.
9. Have you seen her Portrait of a Young Girl 8. Robbie entered the library where they had
with a Blue Ribbon, which I happen to like? first met.
10. She must have been proud when she 9. South Carolina, which is one of the original
received the Chevalier of the Legion of thirteen states, has a rich and varied history.
Honor for her artistic achievements. 10. Venus and Serena Williams are sisters
Identifying Independent and Subordinate who play professional tennis.
Clauses, p. 72
11. While visiting the pueblo, I saw jewelry
EXERCISE A
1. I that I loved.
2. S 12. Did the waterspout that swept inland
3. S destroy more than those two buildings?
4. I 13. The place where Luigi works is just half a
5. S mile from his home.
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14. The sight that Darcy enjoyed most on her 15. Manny and Robin, who have been
vacation was the sunrise. friends since kindergarten , plan to
15. Sometimes, customs that might seem to attend the same college.
have vanished reappear. Essential and Nonessential Clauses, p. 75
EXERCISE A
Relative Pronouns, p. 74
EXERCISE A 1. Meghan loved the turquoise and silver
1. My little sister has been inspired by the tal- Navajo bracelet that we brought her.
ent that Mom puts into a performance. 2. Are more business leaders who can support
2. You should send a thank-you note to any- nonprofit organizations doing so?
one from whom you received a gift. 3. The first woman ever to lead the Lincoln
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

3. Who are the people that most recently were Center for the Performing Arts was Beverly
awarded Kennedy Center Honors? Sills, who is a well-known soprano.

4. Name the writer who wrote that novel. 4. We spoke to the mechanic, whose work on
our car was excellent, about another repair
5. Mary Shelley, who was only nineteen at the
job.
time, wrote Frankenstein.
5. For a bedtime story, Hon Lu likes to hear
6. Have the tulip bulbs, which Mavis planted
the one that is about chickens.
last fall, bloomed yet?
6. Our friends to whom we sent a fruit basket
7. Watch this Harlem Globetrotters’ basketball
last year have sent us a basket of oranges.
video, which was filmed by my uncle.
7. Dad likes to read that humor column,
8. Gerald searched the classified ads, where
which appears in our paper every week.
he hoped to find a job.
that 8. Can you remember the name of the beach
9. The basic ingredients in the soup Mom
that we enjoyed so much last summer?
makes in the winter are potatoes, beans,
and carrots. 9. Hadji, who is my best friend, bowled his
best today.
10. Please set aside a time when the admissions
representative might meet with you. 10. Charlie called the real-estate agent whose
EXERCISE B sales record seemed the best.
Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. EXERCISE B
11. Tammy and I made plans to see the new 11. How do you locate someone who no longer
movie that stars Tom Cruise . lives in your town?
12. The tree that you are photographing 12. The horse, which had been grazing not far
has been there for over one hundred years. away, came trotting over to greet Tanya.
13. The story is about a kitten that saves a 13. A dinner was planned to honor Mrs.
puppy’s life . Gibson, who was retiring at the end of the
14. Mr. Rubenstein, who teaches year.
woodworking , will coach the football
team next year.
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DO
14. The bake sale that has been scheduled for 15. I finally understood what his real objection
this weekend should be quite successful. was.
15. Can anyone tell me the species of cactus The Adverb Clause, p. 77
that grows tallest in the United States? EXERCISE A

The Noun Clause, p. 76 1. When we visited Kyoto, Japan, we stayed

EXERCISE A in a ryokan, a kind of lodging.
1. What Garrett Morgan invented in 1923 was 2. We always removed our shoes before we
the earliest traffic signal. entered a room.
2. How he became an inventor after only six 3. Dad reminded us if we forgot.
years of school is a mystery to me.
4. I vowed to try a new food every day

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
3. Less commonly known is that earlier he provided that someone told me what it
invented a breathing device. was.
4. Morgan had been trying to sell the gas 5. After we finish eating dinner, couldn’t we
masks that he invented to the Cleveland, take a walk?
Ohio, water company.—none
6. While we were at dinner, someone turned
5. The company asked him to bring his down our beds.
devices to a tunnel that had caved in.—none
7. We have found this ryokan to be very nice
6. Twenty-four men were awaiting rescue by since it provides robes and slippers.
whoever had the necessary equipment.
8. If we have a bath tonight, will we sleep
7. Morgan, his brother, and two volunteers
better?
did whatever they could.
9. The water in the bath was much hotter
8. The city considered him to be a hero for
than I had expected!
saving most of the men who had been
10. My brother can sleep anywhere as long
trapped.—none
as he has a pillow and a blanket.
9. Ultimately, Morgan sold his breathing
EXERCISE B
device everywhere to whoever needed one.
11. Although it is very late, the birds are still
10. Wouldn’t people say that his invention is chirping.
noteworthy?
12. George was assigned to the Senegal office
EXERCISE B
S because he was a specialist in African
11. Whether or not there is life on other planets
affairs.
is still a matter of speculation.
OP 13. As soon as she was settled on the airplane,
12. Mrs. Driscoe gave an orange to whoever
Hasna relaxed.
wanted one.
14. The singer worked whenever he could.
13. Your success will be determined by
OP 15. Alsatians are good police dogs because they
how you plan your time.
PN are very intelligent.
14. Pilar’s reason for being late was that she
had overslept.
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Subordinating Conjunctions, p. 78 16. Because they had met the Mongol emperor,
EXERCISE Kublai Khan, on an earlier trip, they were
1. Would the cities be larger or smaller than welcome.
the present-day cities are? 17. The Polos stayed in the emperor’s domain
2. Before I travel in China, I might try to learn for sixteen or seventeen years once they
a little about the language and customs. arrived.
3. Learning Chinese can be difficult unless 18. Although little is known about his life,
you have a good teacher. many myths about Marco Polo have sprung
4. If we have time, we should walk along the up.
top of the Great Wall. 19. Wherever he went, Polo must have paid
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

5. Marco Polo described the market town of close attention to detail.

Kashgar, a crossroads now as it was then. 20. He subsequently wrote a famous account of
6. Wherever else I might go, I would definite- his travels so that Europeans might learn of
ly visit Kashgar’s Sunday bazaar. Asia.
7. If the merchants allowed, I would sample Elliptical Clauses, p. 79
the foods and teas. EXERCISE A

8. Though the weather can be warm, Kazak 1. While taking trumpet lessons, Darla had
men wear their traditional felt hats. learned several march tunes.

9. Older people in Yarkand get too little iodine 2. Please leave all other books and materials
from foods, as people did centuries ago. under your desks until finished with the
test.
10. Since its artisans produced fine fabrics,
Khotan was an important stop along the 3. Should our express mail package arrive
Silk Road. sooner than the one shipped first class?

11. While Khotan was a center of commerce, it 4. Although in a hurry, Ahmed took time to
was also the gate through which Buddhism stretch.
traveled to Northern China. 5. My mother has always baked a tastier blue-
12. You, too, could travel the Silk Road as if berry muffin than I.
you were Marco Polo. 6. Though lost for a week, my algebra book
13. Until they reached China, the Polo family finally turned up in our classroom.
had traveled mostly through Muslim 7. For the final challenge, Cameron had to
regions. slice more onions than we.
14. You can learn much from people of various 8. How could their petition receive so many
cultures, as long as you keep an open mind. more votes than ours?
15. While historians aren’t sure of the date, the 9. Since using an irrigation system, Ruben has
Polos arrived at the Mongol court sometime harvested ten percent more corn per acre.
in 1275. 10. Even though I play fewer video games than

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some teenagers, I still could follow Suki’s 8. I have looked at a map, and the drive,
ADV
strategy. which is an easy one, will take a little under
EXERCISE B two hours.
Answers may vary. Sample responses are given.
9. I am looking for the park entrance
11. At the restaurant, Chester and Erin ate ADJ
ate where the boat launch is located.
more salad than ^I. ADJ
it was 10. If you wish to rent a boat, you can rent
12. Once^ repaired, the tire held air pressure
canoes, rowboats, and paddleboats at the
very well.
boathouse.
13. Can squirrels eat as much birdseed out of a
can 11. On the boat ride, wear one of the orange
feeder as^raccoons? ADJ
they surprised life vests that are available in the boathouse.
14. The waves surprised me more than^ her. ADV

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
12. Will someone alert me when the rest of you
15. Because of heavy evening traffic, air rescue are ready to stop for lunch?
arrived
arrived sooner than the ground team^.
13. I plan to go for a swim in the lake,
ADJ
Identifying Adjective and Adverb Clauses, p. 80 which is crystal clear.
EXERCISE A
14. There are always lifeguards on duty
1. I clearly heard children shouting on the ADV
ADV because it is a state park.
playground, as though the windows were
15. How long did I work on the plan
not closed. ADJ
ADV that would let me make this trip to
2. Because she was holding the board
Macdonagh Lake?
carefully, Barbara was able to pound in the
Identifying and Classifying Subordinate Clauses
nail. A, p. 81
3. Rita attended band camp, and she met stu- EXERCISE
ADJ ADV
dents who were interested in becoming 1. Because mastering computer technology
musicians. is one of the biggest challenges, schools
ADV must include computer training in the
4. I managed the store alone while the owner
was on vacation. curriculum.

5. No one will read a newspaper that cannot 2. The referees assessed our opponents more
ADJ ADV—E
report accurately the day’s happenings. minutes in the penalty box than us.
ADJ
EXERCISE B 3. My grandmother, who is a former dancer,
ADV
6. If you are interested in driving to advised my sister and me in improvisation-
Macdonagh Lake, please telephone to let al dance.
me know. 4. My politician grandfather often brags
ADJ N
7. The lake, which is in the northwest corner that he could “wheedle a vote out of an
of the state, has fishing and boating opponent.”
facilities. 5. Are you aware of the underlying political
ADJ
philosophy that this newspaper editor
supports?

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ADV ADV
6. When the convention was held, feminists 9. Although carefully monitored, the toddler
revolted against rigid gender roles. still managed to defoliate the plant.
ADJ N
7. My great-grandmother, who was one of the 10. That the Civil War pitted brother against
early suffragettes, lectured on the need for a brother is tragic.
federal law giving women the right to vote. Classifying Sentences According to Structure,
ADV—E p. 83
8. While complaining about vacuuming the
EXERCISE
living room rug, my kid brother tripped 1. CX 6. CX
over the cord. 2. CD-CX 7. CD-CX
ADV—E
9. When organizing our foods-around-the- 3. S 8. S
world party, please ask for paper plates and 4. CX 9. CD
5. CD 10. CX
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

plastic silverware.
N Review A: Independent and Subordinate
10. Whoever explains the riddle will win the Clauses, p. 84
prize. EXERCISE A
S
Identifying and Classifying Subordinate Clauses 1. The official language of Brazil, which is the
B, p. 82 largest of the South American countries, is
EXERCISE
ADV Portuguese.
1. If there is an increase in the amount of I
2. The Inca language is still spoken by several
carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere,
million people in Colombia, Peru, and
plant growth also will increase.
Bolivia.
2. Many Americans voted for the New Deal, I
ADJ 3. In fact, many Bolivians speak Aymara or
which comprised the political policies of
Quechua, and only a third of the people
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
speak Spanish.
3. Researching the platforms of political candi-
ADV 4. If you go to Guyana, you will find many
dates helped RaeAnn learn more than her S
Hindus and Muslims whose ancestors came
friend.
from Asia and who still speak Hindi and
N
4. Amy thought that “The Rockpile,” by other Indian languages.
James Baldwin, was the most interesting
5. Dutch, of course, is the official language of
short story in our literature book. I
Suriname (Dutch Guiana), and French is
ADV
5. While he waited for the bus, Len read the spoken throughout French Guiana.
latest novel by his favorite author. EXERCISE B
6. The governor answered more questions 6. The Spanish and Portuguese settlers
ADV ADJ
about the proposed budget than they. who colonized South America brought with
ADV
7. Please set that stereo where I can reach it. them the educational traditions of their
ADJ native countries.
8. In 1981, Sandra Day O’Connor, who had
ADV
been an Arizona judge, became the first 7. Because the colonists established many
female Supreme Court justice. schools and universities, they provided a
general education for many people.

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N ADV—ELL
8. What is considered the first Latin American 7. Once established, these parks became
university was founded in 1538 in Santo important but today represent only part of
Domingo. the work of the National Park Service.
ADV
9. Because many students left school after 8. The bureau oversees more than 125,000
three or four years, they did not benefit square miles of land of scenic, historic, or
ADJ, (N)
much. scientific interest, which is classified into
N more than a dozen major categories.
10. The original philosophy was that only those
ADJ, (N)
in the professional classes should receive 9. National rivers, which are among the cate-
advanced levels of education. gories, are overseen by the bureau.
N
Review B: Independent and Subordinate 10. The Appalachian Trail is what is known as
Clauses, p. 85

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
a national scenic trail.
EXERCISE A
Review C: Classifying Sentences According to
1. While almost all Latin American countries Structure, p. 86
had state-supported secondary schools and EXERCISE A
I
universities, relatively few students expect- 1. S
ed to attend these schools. 2. CD
3. CD-CX
2. Following the European tradition, the sec-
4. CD
ondary schools usually offered an academic
S 5. S
program that emphasized classical studies
EXERCISE B
and foreign languages.
6. CD-CX
I
3. The teaching in a secondary school consist- 7. CD
ed largely of scholarly lectures on which the 8. S
students were expected to take complete 9. CX
notes. 10. CX
S
4. Whoever graduated from a secondary Review D: Classifying Clauses and Sentences,
school had finished his or her general p. 87
EXERCISE A
education.
S
1. CX
5. Students could not go to universities unless 2. S
they wanted to prepare for specialized pro- 3. CD
fessions like law and medicine. 4. CX
EXERCISE B 5. CD-CX
6. Parks such as the Grand Canyon, Mesa EXERCISE B
Verde, and Yellowstone are popular tourist CD-CX 6. A familiar proverb states that
ADJ, (E)
attractions that are visited by millions of the longest journey begins with
people. a single step; another tells us
that little strokes fell great oaks.

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S 7. Many people have heard these CD-CX 9. If you don’t start reading the
wise sayings but haven’t book until the last possible
applied them to their own lives. weekend, you will probably not
CX 8. For example, suppose you are read it well; furthermore, you
required to read a 400-page may not have time to finish the
novel before a test at the end of book, and you will almost cer-
the school year. tainly not enjoy it!
CX 10. If you start now and read just
ten pages a day, you’ll be fin-
ished within six weeks.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

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P
–111
Chapter 5: Agreement, pp. 88– 2. Residents of a large city often (is, are) faced
Number, p. 88 with high taxes.
S
EXERCISE A 3. A major problem in many large cities
1. P 11. S (involves, involve) transportation.
2. S 12. P P
4. Those residents who use public transporta-
3. S 13. S
tion (helps, help) the environment.
4. P 14. S S
5. P 15. P 5. Pollution, as well as overcrowded high-
6. S 16. S ways, (is, are) reduced.
7. P 17. S EXERCISE B
8. S 18. P [6] Alfonso Sastre, who is one of Spain’s lead-
has

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
9. S 19. P ing playwrights, have been influenced by the
10. P 20. P works of Arthur Miller. [7] Some of his writing
shows
EXERCISE B show the influence of Brecht and Beckett.
Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. [8] Sastre, along with these playwrights, usually
21. two main ideas—P places
place his plays in urban locations. [9] A major
22. several students—P is
theme throughout his plays are criticism of
23. a more alert security guard—S
society. [10] Despair caused by social injustices
24. the other choice—S pervades
pervade Sastre’s works. [11] C [12] Over-
25. all qualified applicants—P
crowded living conditions, in addition to
26. every last one—S add
situations often demeaning, adds to the charac-
27. too many people—P
ters’ misery. [13] However, he, as well as Miller,
28. neither movie—S injects
29. a classic book—S inject a sense of hope into the despair.
30. no more than forty days—P [14] Perhaps the play that stands as the finest
is
31. each of the following sentences—P example of the theme of despair and hope are
32. only the middle name—S Ana Kleiber. [15] This playwright, who is con-
33. a long, hot summer—S sidered one of Spain’s most controversial
has
34. these few good volunteers—P dramatists, have also been called his country’s
35. my favorite food—S most original.
36. both exciting games—P
Subject-Verb Agreement B, p. 90
37. that sad story—S
EXERCISE
38. any current event—S
1. The fabric for these skirts (were, was) so
39. those amazing acrobats—P
thick that I had to sharpen my scissors
40. not one message—S
before I was able to cut it.
Subject-Verb Agreement A, p. 89
2. (Have, Has) playing checkers always been a
EXERCISE A
P hobby of yours?
1. Cities such as San Francisco (attracts, attract)
3. The newspaper, as well as Dad’s morning
many residents.
coffee, (are, is) from the store down the street.

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4. In that village, spending two days to polish 8. C

have
one piece of black pottery (are, is) not 9. All of the driveways on our block has been
unusual. resurfaced with asphalt.
5. (Are, Is) four adults coming along on our were
10. None of the actors was discussing the script
trip to Washington, D.C.? changes with the director.
6. To help Suzanne and Anita find good seats is
11. Each of the graduating classes are electing
at last night’s annual band concert (were, permanent class officers.
was) my main concern. slides
12. Only one of these suitcases slide under the
7. The quarterback of the Elmwood Eagles seat on this plane.
(are, is) Eduardo Valdez. states
13. Neither of the candidates state especially
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

8. The students who are visiting our American strong views about the issues.
history class later next week (are, is) from
14. Several among those watching the lunar
Edinburgh, Scotland. were
eclipse was capturing its red phase on film.
9. Calling ahead for reservations (are, is) the
15. Of the optional pizza toppings available,
best way to ensure that we will get a table. seem
most on the list seems to be vegetables.
10. That book, which is a fantasy story about
Indefinite Pronouns B, p. 92
some tiny people, (were, was) my favorite
EXERCISE
when I was ten years old. tells
1. No one among the visiting relatives tell as
Indefinite Pronouns A, p. 91 good a story as Aunt Vicki does.
EXERCISE A has
P 2. Each of the actors have earned a curtain call
1. Few of the maple trees (have, has) changed
for this afternoon’s performance.
color yet. move
P 3. Some of the dancers moves with skill and
2. (Do, Does) any of the rules for debates apply
grace.
in this case?
P 4. Anyone who shows the carpentry skills
3. Many of the students (are, is) running for stands
necessary stand a good chance of being
that student council position.
S hired.
4. Nothing that we saw (have, has) changed are
5. If all of these chemical elements is present
our minds about going to the lake for a
in these quantities, name the substance.
picnic.
S 6. C
5. (Have, Has) everybody interested in joining
7. In Miranda’s opinion, more of the trees
the two new quartets signed up for need
needs to be trimmed.
auditions? do
8. Under what circumstances does none of the
EXERCISE B
laws of gravity apply?
6. Sadly, most of that nation’s natural
have 9. For whatever reasons, no one in the various
resources has been depleted.
has
meetings have volunteered for this benefit.
7. Everybody on the two debating teams
appears
appear ready to begin.
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10. Of those attorneys, several with fee-based 5. (Has, Have) cleaning your room and
were
cases was handling pro bono cases also. washing the car been taking most of your
Does
11. Do anything besides golf and basketball weekend lately?
relax you? 6. Red beans and rice (happen, happens) to be
12. C one of Dad’s favorite foods.

13. Because of the improved harvester, none of 7. Jonathan Winters, Robin Williams, and
has Dana Carvey (are, is) Yoshi’s favorite come-
the wheat crop have gone to waste.
are dians.
14. All of my tennis shoes that don’t fit is hand-
ed down to my little brother. 8. Neither tomatoes nor garlic (were, was) on
the grocery list, but Diego remembered to
15. Because of the fire, everything on these two

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
was buy them anyway.
floors were left in ashes.
9. (Is, Are) Sonja or Gretchen leading at the
16. While we watched, both of the cloud for-
were halfway point of the mile run?
mations on the horizon was twisting into
one. 10. (Is, Are) a plumb bob or a trowel used in
Has bricklaying?
17. Have somebody with a license offered to
drive us? Compound Subjects B, p. 94
EXERCISE Students’ identification of compound
18. This past Tuesday, some of the commence-
were nouns may vary.
ment practices was better than the rest. are
1. A bake sale and a car wash is going to help
repairs
19. Nobody in our town repair cars as well and us raise money for the charity.
as fast as Mr. Wilson and his mechanics do.
2. Either the police officers or someone from
was has
20. One of the fan letters to the band were sent the sheriff’s office have to write a report
from New Zealand. about the incident.
Compound Subjects A, p. 93 3. Twenty-hour workweeks and a full load of
EXERCISE are
schoolwork is not unusual for students.
1. Someone or something (has, have) dug a are
4. How long is the welding crew and the
tremendous hole right in the middle of the
carpenters scheduled to work on this job?
front yard.
5. Our set director and costumes manager for
2. Chips and salsa (is, are) Kevin’s favorite was
the holiday skits were Joyce Proudfeather.
snack. [or (is, are)] have
6. What has the student body and the faculty
3. A month of hard work and years of experi-
selected as the mascot for our new high
ence (have, has) been poured into Han’s new
school?
sculpture.
7. During every appointment, dental hygien-
4. Either the two-hour tape or the four-hour advises
ists or the dentist advise me on tooth care.
one (plays, play) smoothly and easily in this Have
8. Has the abstract paintings and the mixed-
recorder.
media works of Kathleen Holder been on
exhibit for a long time?
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are there are

9. Salt and pepper is the only seasonings that 16. Since there’s more people coming to the
many people use on their food. reunion, we thought we’d bring extra salad.
Where are
10. María Banks and Paul Stewart, who were 17. Where’s our soccer equipment and the uni-
were
well known in their community, was forms going to be stored?
There are
acquainted for seventeen years. 18. There’s tomatoes and carrots in the
Finding the Subject, p. 95 refrigerator.
EXERCISE A Here are
here are 19. Here’s the reference location and the
1. By the way, here’s the games that you description for the new Web site for our
ordered three weeks ago. math class.
Do Has
2. Does the water fountain and the ice 20. Have each of you decided yet on a place
machine still work okay?
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you would like to visit during our

There are
3. There’s the new vegetable gardens, plowed vacation?
and ready to be sown. Collective Nouns, p. 96
Here are EXERCISE
4. Here’s seven of the ten jackets for the new
Some answers may vary.
band members.
Are 1. The team (like, likes) to include their friends
5. Is Marc and his brother really twins?
Where are and relatives in activities.
6. Where’s the best places to eat our meals
2. This morning a number of the staff
and to spend the night?
were (complete, completes) training on waiting
7. In addition to the greenery, was there any
tables.
dried flowers in the bouquet?
here are 3. Next, the assembly at the United Nations
8. As you requested, here’s the plans for the (vote, votes) on the human rights issue.
next two weeks of my chemistry class.
Are 4. How often (have, has) the choir worn robes
9. Is there any more of those delicious cran- for its performances?
berry muffins Shaniqua made?
Where are 5. She has asked whether the transportation
10. Where’s the candidates we are supposed to committee (want, wants) more time for their
hear debate tonight? reports.
EXERCISE B 6. A small number of natural areas (were, was)
Here are
11. Here’s several newspaper articles about named national monuments in 2000.
people donating money for children’s
7. The audience of elementary students (seem,
schools.
Are seems) to be enjoying the play.
12. Is my eyeglasses still where I left them on 8. The battalion (arrive, arrives) at their
the table next to the couch? assigned positions tomorrow.
There are
13. There’s not very many applicants for the 9. The herd (turn, turns) in unison toward this
firefighter jobs that are open now. water hole each time we pass.
14. C 10. Which political party (believe, believes) that
Where are
15. Where’s the shirts and pants for the dry passing laws for lower taxes is within its
cleaners? ability?
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11. A cloud of hornets (were, was) buzzing lazi- Nouns Plural in Form, p.98
ly about its nest. EXERCISE
1. was 11. Isn’t
12. The number of peaches in a bushel (vary,
2. is 12. requires
varies) with the size of the fruit.
3. Are 13. is
13. During intermission, the orchestra (check, 4. show 14. carries
checks) their musical scores for the next act. 5. has 15. Does
14. Ian’s family (meet, meets) every year to 6. is 16. nominates
renew friendships and exchange family 7. feel 17. is
news. 8. explains 18. look
9. receive 19. uses
15. Can we assume that, when the time comes,
10. wasn’t 20. Is

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
the litter of kittens already (have, has)
homes? Predicate Nominatives; Every, Many a; Don’t,
Doesn’t, p. 99
16. Wildlife (search, searches) for food longer EXERCISE A
and over a wider area during a drought. 1. Our idea for a great weekend (is, are) swim-
17. Last night, a number of apple-tree buds ming and boating at the lake.
(were, was) damaged by the frost. 2. (Don’t, Doesn’t) Harriet and Gina live in that
18. The youth of today (face, faces) more compe- apartment house?
tition for high-tech jobs than ever before. 3. Many a citizen in our city (have, has) voiced
19. The jury (request, requests) copies of the doc- concern over rising taxes.
uments that were introduced as evidence. 4. Jugglers (was, were) the main attraction of
20. (Do, Does) that couple spend a good bit of the show.
time volunteering at the blood bank? 5. Every cow and calf (have, has) been taken to
Expression of an Amount, p. 97 the pasture.
EXERCISE 6. Many an opening night (find, finds) more
1. is 11. are
than one actor struggling with his or her
2. Does 12. miss
lines.
3. has 13. sit
4. are 14. is
7. Like all good fiction, (don’t, doesn’t) your
5. was 15. commute story have an interesting ending?
6. replaces 16. live 8. I certainly (don’t, doesn’t) mind washing and
7. have 17. have drying the dishes after that excellent meal.
8. seems 18. were 9. Not every basketball and program (were,
9. take 19. pays was) autographed before the team left.
10. was 20. Is
10. These days, many a car and truck (come,
comes) equipped with front and side air
bags.

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EXERCISE B 13. The teacher who (help, helps) me understand

11. doesn’t calculus has accomplished a great deal.
12. is
14. We spent an hour making posters that
13. has
(attach, attaches) to the float for the parade.
14. doesn’t
15. shares 15. She is one of the poets who (are, is) busily
creating new rhymes for us to enjoy.
Relative Pronouns, p. 100
EXERCISE 16. The games, which (is, are) tightly scheduled
1. The manager needs workers who (are, is) today, need to start.
fluent in Spanish. 17. Robert’s report is about one of the new
2. I thought of two different answers that planets that (has, have) not yet been named.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

(seem, seems) correct. 18. Since the only one of the pilots who (fly,
3. Bobby is prepared to interview for that job, flies) the route is ready, we should board
which (are, is) perfect for his skill level. now.

4. Lela is the only one of the students who 19. How do the puzzle pieces that (are, is) lost
(have, has) been to Peru. just suddenly reappear?

5. Ask the manager who (coordinate, 20. Gene used to have a calf that (were, was)
coordinates) the schedules about working named Burnsey.
overtime. Number, Gender, and Person, p. 101
6. Perhaps my parents can lend you the novel EXERCISE

that (were, was) assigned today. 1. Abdulrahman got the players’ autographs
and showed (it, them) to me.
7. We watched a program about the
astronauts who (has, have) just returned 2. Telma showed the class a photograph of
from a mission. (her, their) grandparents’ farmhouse.

8. Esther found the reference books that 3. When you see Derek, would you please
(contain, contains) the charts for our remind (him, them) to come to rehearsal?
presentation. 4. My brother and sister and I prepared din-
9. The only one of the singers who (knows, ner so that (we, they) could surprise Mom.
know) this part is absent. 5. The bread in both baskets was old and
10. Unalakleet, which (are, is) a remote Alaskan stale, so I fed (it, them) to the birds.
village, was the first stop for Census 2000. 6. In a few minutes, our guest speaker will tell
11. My best friend Aaron made an announce- us about (his, our) search for dinosaurs.
ment that (have, has) startled everyone. 7. That was the hardest marathon Eddie had
12. Larry and Beth are going to Twin Oaks ever run, but (he, it) still managed to win
Bikes, which also (carry, carries) parts. first place.

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8. Frank doesn’t like strawberries, so he asked date or of delivering that first oral book report.
for a small serving of (it, them). [4] Much of his humor shows (itself, themselves)
9. Because of extra practice on her backstroke, in his “Muttonman” cartoon, which pokes fun
Rhea has improved (her, their) lap time. at history and the pitfalls of living with two cul-
tural standards. [5] In following the true-to-life
10. A sea turtle comes ashore to make a nest in
misadventures of this unlikely hero, few fail to
which to lay (her, its) eggs.
see that Craig’s humor applies to (his, their) own
11. May Connor borrow your map of Africa so
lives as well.
(he, it) can finish our discussion?
EXERCISE B
12. We elected Marie and Joan cocaptains for 6. their 11. them
(her, their) leadership of the golf team. 7. his or her 12. her

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
13. Kendra agreed to make (her, our) kraut 8. her 13. their
salad for next month’s potluck dinner. 9. their 14. it
10. their 15. her
14. We can return the yearbook proofs within
the week if you leave (it, them) with us Antecedents Joined by And, Or, or Nor, p. 103
today. EXERCISE
1. their 11. his
15. Please ask Sondra to bring a computer tool
2. his 12. her
kit to (her, its) class on repair techniques.
3. them 13. they
16. From (his, its) place at the head of the line, 4. their 14. he
Brian will lead the class to the parking lot. 5. our 15. she
17. The gutters were overflowing from the 6. their 16. us
hard, fast rain that filled (it, them) up. 7. its 17. they
8. her 18. it
18. Before you put your letters in the mailbox,
9. it 19. them
make sure to put postage on (it, them).
10. them 20. it
19. After (our, its) 4-H meeting, we put away
Number of Collective Nouns, p. 104
the folding chairs and table.
EXERCISE A
20. Our dog Waldo always seems to know 1. During the debate, the faction for a tax cut
when it is time for (his, its) bath. were emphatic in (its, their) arguments.
Indefinite Pronouns, p. 102 2. The circle of friends and neighbors seem
EXERCISE A delighted that (it, they) are invited to the
[1] Some of Craig’s tales have the “rez” for wedding.
(its, their) settings. [2] Anyone in the audience
3. Each morning, the staff check (its, their)
could imagine (himself or herself, themselves) as a
mail and announcement bulletins.
mischievous child hiding behind Grandmother’s
4. Our marching band claim (it, they) are
skirts. [3] Each of his readers might recall (his or
ready for today’s competition.
her, their) own butterflies in the stomach after
hearing Craig‘s description of asking for a first

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5. This particular lot of wrenches has been 6. Alyson bought new shorts for summer
selling quickly since we put (it, them) on camp but forgot to take (it, them) with her.
display. 7. How do my sleeves turn (itself, themselves)
6. Has the committee selected (its, their) inside out while going through the washer
newest members yet? and dryer?
7. An entire colony of ants invited (itself, them- 8. The news (themselves, itself) reports more
selves) to our picnic. information about technology than before.
8. That new woodwind ensemble is practicing 9. The Ways of My Grandmothers, by Beverly
now, and I am eager to go and hear (them, Hungry Wolf, seems as though (it, they)
it). might be a book I would enjoy reading.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

9. The assembly have voted to close (its, their) 10. If a summons is delivered to you, be sure to
session, today only, to all media coverage. read (it, them) very carefully.
10. Without a leader, a herd of horses or cattle Gender and Number of Relative Pronouns,
usually will wander about (its, their) range. p. 106
EXERCISE
[or its]
1. their 11. his
EXERCISE B 2. her 12. its
11. it 3. its 13. their
12. they 4. their 14. its
13. their 5. his or her 15. their
14. their 6. their 16. its
15. their 7. their 17. its
Nouns Plural in Form, p. 105 8. their 18. their
EXERCISE 9. his 19. her
1. Gymnastics is such a great sport that we 10. their 20. her
always try to watch (it, them) on television. Expression of an Amount, p. 107
2. Which binoculars are being repaired, and EXERCISE
1. them 11. them
when will (it, they) be ready?
2. they 12. it
3. Laces is a great roller-skating rink, and (it,
3. it 13. it
they) has a cafe upstairs where we sit and
4. it 14. it
watch people skate. 5. their 15. it
4. I washed my pajamas with something that 6. that 16. they
was purple, and now (it, they) are purple, 7. it 17. they
too. 8. it 18. it
5. My favorite class this term is economics 9. them 19. them
10. it 20. it
because (it, they) helps me understand busi-
ness and finance.

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come
Review A: Subject-Verb Agreement, p. 108 17. Both Los Angeles and San Francisco comes
EXERCISE A from Spanish.
1. Her Flowering Judas, a 1930 book of short 18. C
is
stories, are still read.
19. A number of place names in the United
2. All but one of her books, Hacienda: A Story are
States is the same as European place names.
have
of Mexico, has been purchased by our carry
20. Many cities, especially in the East, carries
library.
names of European cities such as London
remains
3. Not a single one of her books remain on the and Paris.
library shelves very long.
Review B: Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement,
4. Both “Noon Wine” and “Pale Horse, Pale p. 109
were
Rider” was praised by critics. EXERCISE A

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
are 1. If anyone has a sure test for political hon-
5. There is several possible explanations for
he or she
her outstanding reputation. esty, they should divulge it.

6. Neither poetic sensibility nor psychological 2. C

is
insight are in short supply. 3. Everyone planning to vote should be on
admire his or her
7. All but one or two of my relatives admires their guard against glib generalizations and
her. promises.

8. C 4. If any of the candidates remained silent

they
is before the election, would he do the elec-
9. A great deal of her insight and talent are
torate a disservice?
apparent in Ship of Fools.
10. Porter always cared about human relation- 5. In an election year, all of the voters should
proves themselves
ships; each of her books prove this point. think for himself or herself and vote as
wisely as possible.
EXERCISE B
is their
11. Stewart’s book about place names are a 6. Both Cholanda and Dee Dee gave her ten-
classic in its field. minute talks on trees.

12. Place names, which often show a great deal 7. If more of the visitors would like to see an
have they
of imagination, has attracted increasing American elm, he or she should go with
interest. Cholanda.
her
13. C 8. Not one of the girls identified their gray-
are birch leaf correctly.
14. There is a great many place names that
come from American Indian words. 9. If anyone intends to go on a nature hike,
he or she
15. Some of the most familiar American Indian they should watch out for poisonous
were snakes.
names, such as Utah, was originally derived
from the names of indigenous groups. 10. A poisonous snake can usually be identified
shows its its
16. A list of United States cities show the by either their color pattern or their head
Spanish influence. shape.

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EXERCISE B 6. Neither a sample of fifty Democrats nor

is
11. The movie listings are easier to read since that of fifty Republicans are representative.
their try
its format was updated. 7. Modern sampling techniques tries to guard
12. To see which electives she liked, every term against biased or unreliable sampling.
she
Terri took as many courses as they could. 8. Even the pollster, a person who conducts
its admits
13. New computer technology creates their polls, admit that polling is an inexact
own market for used equipment. science.
14. A freezing rain can either help or harm 9. Who speaks for the registered voters who
them their
trees and the plants around it. may or may not cast his votes?
her their
15. Neither Amy nor Danielle has brought their 10. Polls and predictions have its value but also
their
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

lunch to school today. its shortcomings.

16. Usually, a postmarked envelope will reveal EXERCISE B

it 11. The author that Juanita and her brother
which post office first handled them.
favor
favors is Agatha Christie.
17. Looking around the backyard, Harold
his 12. Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Murders in the Rue
thought of a design for their brother’s tree- was
house. Morgue” were the world’s first detective
story.
18. Students attending the special lecture on
their 13. In fact, Poe’s hero C. Auguste Dupin—not
fossils should bring his or her notebooks.
Sherlock Holmes or any of his contempo-
19. Every week Miranda writes several entries was
her raries—were the original fictional detective.
in their personal journal.
14. One of Dupin’s cases, like some of Miss
20. Arlen will no longer be walking every- is
his Marple’s, are solved by armchair
where after getting a car of his or her own.
investigation.
Review C: Subject-Verb and Pronoun-
Antecedent Agreement, p. 110 15. Poe introduced elements, such as the locked
were
EXERCISE A room, that was used by many later writers.
doesn’t
1. Neither the questions asked nor the 16. Juanita don’t like the later, hard-boiled sto-
were
answers given was conclusive or brilliant. ries as much as the ones that are more like
are
2. When is such attempts to learn national puzzles.
views wholly reliable? 17. She claims that neither a clever lawyer nor
questions is
3. Every opinion poll question a small sample a wisecracking detective are as satisfactory
of people. a hero as Miss Marple.
are
4. These people is considered to be 18. It is amazing how many detective heroes
have
representative. has been created over the years.
Are
5. Is my family’s opinions better than those of 19. Sherlock Holmes, whose adventures still
another family? is
have appeal, are one of the most popular
heroes.

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have
20. Dupin and Holmes, as well as Marple, has EXERCISE B
There are
a firm place in the history of detective 11. There’s two notebooks and a backpack
fiction. lying on the table.
is
Review D: Subject-Verb and Pronoun- 12. If either Theo or Kishi are having difficulty
Antecedent Agreement, p. 111 with the trigonometry problems, I can help.
EXERCISE A seems
his or her 13. Every teacher and student seem to be look-
1. Everyone has their reason for choosing to
ing forward to hearing next week’s guest
drive certain models of cars.
speaker.
2. Her passport, together with her business
was 14. Mathematics, one of my favorite subjects,
papers, were taken from her room. is
have are not a requirement for this computer
3. In recent years there has been many

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
course.
changes in methods of farming.
is 15. If you have any questions, remember that
4. Five hundred words are a good length for knows
either Lili or Roberto know about
your next writing assignment. computers.
is expects
5. Genetics are a branch of biology that deals 16. Neither of the Wilson brothers expect to be
with the heredity and variation of drafted by a major-league team this year.
organisms. require
was 17. All of these computer courses requires a
6. My great-great-grandmother were a close familiarity with the basic functions of a
friend of a Blackfoot named Mokakin. computer.
was
7. I heard him say that a pair of scissors were his or her
18. Everyone in the class completed their proj-
lying on the counter. ect on time.
is Have
8. The news that you told us are quite 19. Has any of the witnesses been sworn in
distressing. yet?
9. The words that someone uses in daily con- is
his or her 20. Asthma, like other respiratory diseases, are
versation tell a great deal about their back- made worse when the air quality is poor.
ground.
feels
10. Each of the players feel that Coach Smith
deserves to win the award.

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Chapter 6: S 2. Either Lola or (I, me) will be the

–129
Using Pronouns Correctly, pp. 112– starting pitcher in tomorrow’s
Case, p. 112 game.
EXERCISE A PN 3. The woman who was awarded the
1. Isaac Asimov left Russia as a young child, leading role was (her, she).
T–N
and he came to the United States.
PN 4. The one who accidentally left the
T–P
2. As a boy, Asimov spent a lot of time at his door unlocked may have been
father’s candy store. (I, me).
T–O
3. At first, Asimov’s father would not let him S 5. Neither Sally nor (he, him) can
read the magazines on the candy-store attend the conference.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

racks.
PN 6. The most successful contestants
T–O
4. Asimov enjoyed reading them, especially were (us, we).
the science fiction magazines.
PN 7. If the players had been (they, them),
T–N
5. They inspired Asimov to write his own sci- the results would have been quite
ence fiction stories. different.
T–N
6. Later, as an established writer, he wrote PN 8. The person knocking at the door
more than two hundred books. will probably be (she, her).
7. He wrote Foundation, a series of short stories S 9. You and (me, I) have really con-
T–P
with their plots set in a futuristic society. tributed to the success of the fund
F–P
8. In my opinion, one of his best stories is drive.
“Nightfall.” S 10. In the morning, Dana and (they,
F–N
9. I read that the Science Fiction Writers of them) will begin the long trip back.
America named it the best science fiction EXERCISE B
story of all time. 11. they
S–P 12. he
10. What is your opinion of that story?
13. she [or he]
EXERCISE B
14. We
11. our
15. we
12. you
13. her Nominative Case B, p. 114
14. their EXERCISE A
15. We S 1. During the snowstorm, Perry and
Nominative Case A, p. 113 (he, him) helped stranded motorists.
EXERCISE A S 2. Before long, either Alonzo or
S 1. Carlos and (he, him) called last (I, me) will be the master chef of
night from Cedar Rapids. our class.

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S 3. Richard or (she, her) will be elected DO 3. They invited Rafael and (he, him)
the student council secretary. to the conference.
PN 4. Would the person you contacted DO 4. The costumes fit Margo and (she,
have been Larry or (I, me)? her) perfectly.
S 5. Neither Peggy nor (he, him) was OP 5. Silas bought tickets for you and
working behind the counter at the (I, me).
bake sale. IO 6. My parents offered Shanta and
PN 6. Among the most satisfied cus- (they, them) a ride to the game.
tomers at the library benefit were IO 7. Show (we, us) photos of your trip
(us, we). to Puerto Rico.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
PN 7. If the guests had been (they, them), OP 8. To (she, her), the best song in the
would you have responded musical was the big production
differently? number.
PN 8. The next time the alarm sounds, IO 9. Please save Gloria and (I, me) two
the person to turn it off will proba- seats in the balcony.
bly be (she, her).
DO 10. Will the manager employ Dan and
S 9. You and (I, me) will be meeting my (they, them) on a part-time basis?
favorite author, Virginia Driving
IO 11. Freddy has saved (we, us) a week’s
Hawk Sneve.
worth of research in the library.
S 10. In two years, Matt and (they, them) OP 12. The center was assisted on the
will return to this area to look for
goal by my brother and (he, him).
fossils.
DO 13. Would they invite Donetta and
EXERCISE B
(she, her) to dinner and a movie?
Pronouns will vary, but each should be in the
nominative case. DO 14. That dry cleaner’s work pleases
11. he—S Bonita and (she, her).
12. she—PN
OP 15. Nancy saved some of the salad and
13. I—S
baked chicken for you and (I, me).
14. they—PN
DO 16. Referees asked the trainers and
15. you—PN
(they, them) for a stretcher.
Objective Case A, p. 115
IO 17. Tell (we, us) the best place to find
EXERCISE
school uniforms these days.
IO 1. Erica brought (we, us) a pot of
geraniums. OP 18. For (she, her), each moment
seemed an eternity as she waited
OP 2. The play was written by my sister
on the snowy sidewalk.
and (she, her).

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IO 19. Mom bought Miriam and (I, me) P 2. Ellen Walker Craig-Jones served
new gloves for our birthdays. Urbancrest, Ohio, as (it, its) first
DO 20. Each of us asked Serge and (they, black woman mayor from 1972 to
them) about helping to put up 1975.
carnival booths. P 3. (Our, Ours) touring City Hall was

Objective Case B, p. 116 an excellent way to see the restora-

EXERCISE A tion work.
1. me 6. her PN 4. All the Spanish club members
2. him 7. them agree that the person who brought
3. C 8. her
the best dish with the easiest recipe
4. me 9. me
was (she, her).
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

5. us 10. C
DO 5. If you sold Ryan a ticket for the
EXERCISE B
dance, we will certainly see
Pronouns will vary, but each should be in the
objective case. (he, him) there.
11. us—OP IO 6. We decided to surprise our grand-
12. me—IO parents and give (they, them) a
13. us—OP week’s vacation at the beach.
14. him—OP
S 7. (I, Me) helped clean up the meet-
15. her—DO
ing hall after the guest speaker
Nominative and Objective Case Pronouns, p. 117 had left.
EXERCISE
P 8. Many homemakers should thank
1. they—S 6. she—PN
2. them—IO 7. they—S Howard J. Morgens for (him, his)

3. them—DO 8. it—DO making such helpful products

4. she—PN 9. she—S available for their homes.
5. her—OP 10. them—DO OP 9. Where are the recipes of (their,
Possessive Case, p. 118 theirs) for Southern-style grits and
EXERCISE
corn bread?
1. his 6. Your
2. mine 7. your P 10. Irving Berlin called Bernice Petkere
3. your 8. Ours the “Queen of Tin Pan Alley” for
4. him 9. theirs (she, her) talent for writing song
5. hers 10. them lyrics.

Case Forms A, p. 119 Case Forms B, p. 120

EXERCISE EXERCISE A
S 1. What do the astronauts do when S 1. (Her, Hers) was a job that no one
(they, them) hear that a mission has else wanted to attempt.
been delayed?

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PN 2. The first and last people we see on 3. The parade leaders were two police officers,
N
the commuter train each day are Sergeant Tsao and (she, her).
(they, them). 4. Refreshments for the conference speakers
O
S 3. (He, Him) watches the baby for an were donated by (we, us) seniors.
N
hour each morning and afternoon. 5. It may have been (we, us) outfielders who
DO 4. Paying bills on time benefits your left the equipment on the bus.
credit rating; that keeps (it, its) in EXERCISE B
she
A-plus shape. 6. Both actors, Margaret and her, deserve to
IO 5. How often have you told (we, us) win the award.
the story about helping stranded 7. The choir director gave special attention to
us

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
motorists? we altos.
we
OP 6. Since we talked with (he, him), the 8. If us citizens don’t work together, our
weather has gotten much worse. efforts will not succeed.
PN 7. What a surprise to learn that the us
9. Please give we comedians some respect
birthday party honorees were during our performances.
(we, us)!
10. Those people may have been your neigh-
DO 8. Barbara always treats (they, them) he
bors, Mrs. Wong and him.
as if they are her best buddies.
Pronouns in Elliptical Constructions, p. 122
OP 9. Please return these library books EXERCISE A Answers may vary slightly.
for (I, me) today. 1. than she gave us
IO 10. The cheerleader said, “Everyone 2. as they have
stand up and give (we, us) one 3. as she helped me

more ‘Win!’” 4. as she received

5. than I was
EXERCISE B
Answers for 12, 13, and 15 will vary, but each EXERCISE B
should be in the same case as the sample response for 6. Franz likes Helen even more than I.
that item. 7. He sold fewer tickets than I.
11. them—O 8. He trusts Kathleen more than me.
12. she—N 9. We helped her just as much as they.
13. me—O 10. I play tennis less often than she.
14. His—P
Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns, p. 123
15. he—N
EXERCISE A
Pronouns as Appositives, p. 121 1. myself—R
EXERCISE A 2. themselves—I
N
1. My partners, (she, her) and Garth, will join 3. yourself—R
us in a moment. 4. myself—R
5. yourself—I
2. Reporters asked the team captains, Vance
O
and (he, him), many questions.

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EXERCISE B 5. she [or he or we or they or I]—S

we
6. Clarissa and ourselves are holding a party. 6. she [or he or we or they or I]—S
me
7. He gave himself and myself a ride on the 7. you [or us]—OP
new scooter. 8. whom—OP
9. whom—DO
8. C
you 10. Who—S
9. Thanks to yourself, the fund drive was a 11. he [or she]—A
huge success. 12. he [or she or I or they or you]—S
me
10. She excused him and myself for being late. 13. ourselves [or him or her or them or you]—IO
14. who—S
Who and Whom, p. 124
15. whom—OP
EXERCISE A
S
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

16. him [or her or them]—A

1. People (who, whom) live in glass houses
17. whoever—S
shouldn’t throw stones.
OP 18. I [or we or you or they]—S
2. They were relatives to (who, whom) I had 19. him [or her]—A
not spoken in years. 20. whom—OP
S
3. Will the factory manager only hire (whoever, Review A: Pronoun Forms, p. 126
whomever) is willing to work long hours? EXERCISE A
N
4. Please come and meet the speaker (who, 1. My friends and (I, me) decided to go to the
DO museum.
whom) I have hired for tonight’s program.
PN O
5. Frankly, I’m not sure (who, whom) the best 2. Hisako’s aunt drove (she, her) and Felicia to
candidate for mayor is. the game.

Exercise B 3. Our faculty advisor said that the decision

S O
6. Eula, (who, whom) hadn’t seen me in was up to (we, us) students.
P
months, gave me a warm welcome. 4. At first I didn’t recognize (her, hers) float in
DO
7. The doctor (who, whom) I consulted listened the parade.
intently as I spoke. 5. In charge of the publicity for the fund-
OP N
8. To (who, whom) did you send the invitation? raising dinner were Ms. Platero and (he, him).
P 6. Before the shows went on the air today, the
9. (Who, Whose) jacket is that still draped on
P
the chair? announcer chose (them, their) last two
PN contestants.
10. Do you know (who, whom) the inventor of
N
the steam engine was? 7. Neither (we, us) nor our parents realized
what had happened.
Special Pronoun Problems, p. 125 O
EXERCISE 8. Everyone except (he, him) and Mai arrived
1. Who—PN on time.
2. me [or him or her or them or us]—IO 9. The cat seemed to head directly toward
3. him [or her or me]—A O
Charlene and (I, me).
4. ourselves—OP

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N
10. Three students—Lani, Judith, and (he, 9. Few can do as good an organizational job
she
him)—have been chosen to represent our as her.
school. 10. C
EXERCISE B EXERCISE B
11. whom—O 16. whose—P
11. Joanne objected to my playing music while
12. whom—O 17. whom—O we
us roommates were both studying for the
13. who—N 18. whom—O
physics test.
14. who—N 19. Whom—O
he
15. who—N 20. whose—P 12. The two new students, Cindy and him, are
Review B: Pronoun Forms, p. 127 both good tennis players.
I
EXERCISE A 13. My father and me played catch in our back
1. she 6. she

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
yard.
2. him 7. them me
14. The agent gave my mother and myself the
3. me 8. us
keys to the summer cottage.
4. we 9. I
who
5. he 10. her 15. You need not be surprised about whom dis-
EXERCISE B agrees with you.
she
11. who 16. who 16. No one else knows the route as well as her.
12. whom 17. whose their
17. Do you object to them being with us at the
13. whose 18. whom
cabin?
14. whom 19. whom her
18. The applications will be reviewed by she
15. whom 20. who
and her staff.
Review C: Pronoun Errors, p. 128
19. Letters were sent to each of us—Nilda,
EXERCISE A me
I Debbie, and I.
1. The three of us—Teresa, Rosita, and me—
us
decided to join the chorus. 20. Do many of we student council members

2. Nearly two thirds of the votes were for Kito have project assignments yet?
me
and myself. Review D: Pronoun Forms, p. 129
3. C EXERCISE A
him 1. me 6. he
4. The report was written by experts: he and
2. Who 7. my
his closest advisors.
3. he 8. him
his
5. She was surprised to learn about him call- 4. he 9. me
ing for a new election. 5. Whom 10. I
them
6. Our hope is that we can visit you and they EXERCISE B
11. she 16. our
in Nebraska this summer.
12. me 17. we
7.The teachers obtained tickets for themselves
us 13. I 18. me
and we.
14. her 19. me
me
8. Across the aisle from Corina and I were sit- 15. I 20. who
ting the mayor and the governor.

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Chapter 7: Clear Reference, Ambiguous Reference, p. 131

–139
pp. 130– EXERCISE
Revisions may vary.
Pronouns and Their Antecedents, p. 130
EXERCISE A 1. After my parents and my friends met, they
1. Ms. Bluefeather reminded Tony about the acted as if they had always known them.
book report he was to give today. After they met, my parents and my friends
acted as if they had always known one
2. Roseanne and Daniel said they would
another.
make the costumes.
2. Once the soprano switched her career from
3. Each year, Harvard University’s Hasty
opera to theater, it was never the same.
Pudding Theatrical Society honors perform-
Once the soprano switched from opera to
ers who have excelled in the entertainment
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

theater, her career was never the same.

industry.
3. Are these pancakes better with the blueber-
4. Some students may be asking themselves
ries because of their flavor? Are these pan-
which career path they should follow after
cakes better because they’re flavored with
graduation.
blueberries?
5. Once in a while a great song comes along
4. Connie was glad to give Leta a ride home
and sets new records with its popularity.
whenever she did not have play rehearsal.
6. Farmers expect to harvest less than they
Whenever Connie did not have play
harvested last year.
rehearsal, she was glad to give Leta a ride
7. Do the swallows return to their nesting
home.
areas at San Juan Capistrano?
5. The police officer told my brother he could
8. Each child is saving part of his or her earn-
wait for the insurance agent. The police offi-
ings for the future.
cer said my brother could wait for the
9. Perhaps Miranda herself might be the pilot insurance agent.
of a hot-air balloon and guide it over the
6. Because the new client’s appointment was
patchwork of towns and fields below.
at the same time as that of the lawyer’s reg-
10. The softball coach told the players, “I have ular client, it was rescheduled. The lawyer’s
always thought of you as the best team this new client’s appointment was rescheduled
school has ever had.” because it was at the same time as a regular
EXERCISE B client’s appointment.
11. both 14. which
12. ours 15. its
13. them

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7. Ms. Nguyen went with my aunt to the 8. When paper birches exchange carbon
cakewalk that would benefit her favorite (sugar) with Douglas firs, both trees benefit.

charity. Ms. Nguyen and my aunt went to 9. The more the firs grow in the shade, the
more sugar they get, and the faster they
the cakewalk that would benefit Ms. grow.
Nguyen’s favorite charity. 10. Because the alarm didn’t go off, we’ll miss
8. Did you sand the frame and put tape over the bus again today.
the glass before painting it? Did you put Ambiguous and General References, p. 133
tape over the glass before sanding and EXERCISE
painting the frame? Revisions may vary.
1. When the sky grew dark and the winds
9. The robins were almost the size of the blue
picked up, we got scared.
jays, but they seemed to eat more. The

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
2. The cat was pushed out of its bed by the
robins and blue jays were almost the same dog.
size, even though the robins ate more. 3. Our bank caused a problem by closing
early last Friday.
10. Dwayne raised his hand at the same time
4. When the cup hit the plate, the cup cracked
Nigel did, but he didn’t have the correct
in three different spots.
answer. Dwayne and Nigel raised their 5. As soon as Carlos arrives, he will give Phil
hands at the same time, but Nigel didn’t a tennis lesson.
have the correct answer. 6. Tim’s great hitting will certainly get him
into the record books.
General Reference, p. 132
7. While Sarah was in Corpus Christi, she saw
EXERCISE A
Maria.
1. Add extra sunflower seeds to the birdseed; 8. Dave explained the duties of his new job to
this seems to attract more cardinals. Jared.
2. C 9. The dancer told the singer to practice more.
10. Standing among the magnolia trees, the
3. Because we were late, we didn’t get tickets
white marble statues were beautiful.
for the concert, which really upset us.
Weak Reference, p. 134
4. Bring plenty of forks, knives, and plates.
EXERCISE
This is essential for our picnic this after- Revisions may vary.
noon.
1. Our German Club agreed to volunteer at
5. Some club members wanted white T-shirts, the food bank and to help sort them. Our
others preferred red, while a few held out German Club agreed to volunteer at the
for blue. It seems like something we should food bank to help sort the different foods.
have discussed before we voted.
2. The volcanic eruption was sudden and vio-
EXERCISE B
lent, throwing it across most of the city. The
Revisions may vary.
volcanic eruption was sudden and violent,
6. Because my history paper is due tomorrow,
I’ll be at the library tonight. throwing ash across most of the city.
7. We were startled by the shattering pane of
glass.

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3. Could you tell me what these recycling Indefinite Reference, p. 135

codes mean and where I can take them? EXERCISE
Revisions may vary.
Could you tell me what these recycling
codes mean and where I can take these 1. In the book Frontier Children it describes the
recyclable items? lives of American children long ago. The
book Frontier Children describes the lives of
4. The space shuttle mission was postponed
American children long ago.
while they awaited good weather. The
space shuttle mission was postponed while 2. In the Middle Ages you didn’t expect to
mission control awaited good weather. live to be very old. In the Middle Ages a
person didn’t expect to live to be very old.
5. Belinda talked to the sculptor and then
chose several that would make good gifts. 3. By changing the value for the x-axis, it
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

Belinda talked to the sculptor and then results in a different answer to this prob-
chose several pieces that would make lem. Changing the value for the x-axis
good gifts. results in a different answer to this
problem.
6. When Javier translated the poem into
Spanish, I appreciated even more the way 4. Among these events on the time line they
they rhymed. When Javier translated the show how national alliances shifted in the
poem into Spanish, I appreciated even more 1700s. These events on the time line show
the way the words rhymed. how national alliances shifted in the 1700s.

7. Mom always prepares my favorite ones for 5. Whenever relatives visited, you were to be
dinner on Saturday nights. Mom always very polite and not cause trouble.
prepares my favorite dishes for dinner on Whenever relatives visited, children were to
Saturday nights. be very polite and not cause trouble.

8. Stamp collectors and coin collectors often 6. I asked my friend Ruby what you should
believe that they will increase in value over do to prepare for a career in publishing. I
time. Stamp collectors and coin collectors asked my friend Ruby what a person
often believe that their collections will should do to prepare for a career in
increase in value over time. publishing.

9. The bookstore is nearby, so I can ride my 7. Each day in the television listings it tells
bike there and buy one. The bookstore is which movies will be broadcast. Each day
nearby, so I can ride my bike there and buy the television listings tell which movies will
a book. be broadcast.

10. We videotaped most of our family reunion. 8. In Brazil you generally speak Portuguese or
One of these that I wanted was not taped. a traditional Indian language. In Brazil peo-
We videotaped most of our family reunion. ple generally speak Portuguese or a tradi-
One of the events that I wanted was not tional Indian language.
taped.

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9. On my first visit to the optometrist’s office, 2. Rain clouds are gathering; it might ruin our
they made me feel at ease with the eye plans to go hiking this weekend. The gath-
tests. On my first visit to the optometrist’s ering rain clouds might ruin our plans to go
office, the doctor made me feel at ease with hiking this weekend.
the eye tests. 3. The pot boiled over; it spilled all over the
10. In computer programming it requires logi- stove. The pot boiled over, spilling its con-
cal thinking and the ability to plan ahead. tents all over the stove.
Computer programming requires logical 4. At that store they offer shoppers discounts
thinking and the ability to plan ahead. on many products. That store offers shop-
Weak and Indefinite References, p. 136 pers discounts on many products.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
EXERCISE A 5. They ran into a beehive, and they stung
Answers may vary slightly.
them. They were stung when they ran into
1. A dictionary tells the meanings of words.
a beehive.
2. Doctors must listen carefully to what a
patient says. 6. The play was sold out, which caused the
3. I like wrestling, but I’ve never seen a match. theater to schedule more performances.
4. Ernest Hemingway was a great writer, and Because the play was sold out, the theater
this book is one of his best. scheduled more performances.
5. During World War II, people were not
7. In the encyclopedia it says that Joseph
always able to buy the goods they wanted.
Conrad was born in Poland. The encyclope-
EXERCISE B
dia says that Joseph Conrad was born in
[6] In athletics they often have injuries and
Poland.
life-threatening illnesses because of steroids.
[7] In one chapter it explains how the use of 8. The dog rolled in the mud, which amused
steroids can lead to cancer of the liver, heart dis- Marcy. The dog’s rolling in the mud

ease, or problems with the reproductive organs. amused Marcy.

[8] Other chapters discuss ways that their mus- 9. We usually listen to the weather forecast,
cles get stronger, while their tendons and liga- but they’re not always right. We usually lis-
ments do not. [9] Athletes may experience tears ten to the weather forecast, but the forecast-
or ruptures, and you will require a long ers are not always right.
recovery period. [10] Other athletes report such 10. The concert hall was too big, which made
common symptoms of it as baldness, violent hearing the tenor difficult. Because the
outbursts of anger, and stunted growth. concert hall was too big, the audience had
Review A: Clear Reference, p. 137 difficulty hearing the tenor.
EXERCISE
Revisions will vary.
1. When the taxicab hit the car, its radiator
cracked. When the taxicab hit the car, the
taxicab’s radiator cracked.

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Review B: Clear Reference, p. 138 Review C: Clear Reference, p. 139

EXERCISE EXERCISE
Revisions will vary. Revisions will vary.
1. I dropped the pail, and it splashed all over 1. We searched the room, looking for any clue
my feet. I dropped the pail, and water that might help us solve it. We searched
splashed all over my feet. the room, looking for any clue that might
2. The puppies’ owners were proud that they help us solve the mystery.
were housebroken. The owners were proud 2. Emilio called Seth to ask about the final
that their puppies were housebroken. part of his clarinet solo. Emilio called Seth
3. At the law office they were busy with sev- to ask about the final part of Seth’s clarinet
eral pending cases. At the law office, the solo.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

lawyers were busy with several pending 3. Playwright Eugene O’Neill once wrote
cases. about his dog; it was short but great fun to
4. During the panel discussion, they brought read. Playwright Eugene O’Neill once
up several environmental issues. During wrote about his dog; the story was short
the panel discussion, several environmental but great fun to read.
issues were brought up. 4. Did the article about bookkeeping explain
5. The rain started right after the soccer play- why you should maintain some sort of sys-
ers arrived, so it was called off. The rain tem for receipts? Did the article about book-
started right after the soccer players keeping explain the importance of main-
arrived, so the game was called off. taining some sort of system for receipts?

6. Archery can be dangerous if you aren’t 5. In Elie Wiesel’s memoir, it addresses issues
careful. Archery can be dangerous if the of human rights. Elie Wiesel’s memoir
archers aren’t careful. addresses issues of human rights.

7. I’d give the dog a bone if I could find it. If I 6. Opera singer Irra Petina Bussey escaped
could find a bone, I’d give it to the dog. from Russia, which took great courage.
Opera singer Irra Petina Bussey’s escape
8. Taxes are rising, which makes saving
from Russia took great courage.
money difficult. Rising taxes make saving
money difficult. 7. Security guards watch transactions care-
fully to make sure no one steals them.
9. In the cookbook it says to use fresh herbs
Security guards watch transactions careful-
for the sauce. The cookbook says to use
ly to make sure no one steals merchandise.
fresh herbs for the sauce.
8. At summer camp we had swimming les-
10. Several high school seniors have won schol-
sons, art lessons, and tennis lessons every
arships, which is exciting. It is exciting that
morning. That certainly tired us out. At
several high school seniors have won schol-
summer camp our morning swimming les-
arships.
sons, art lessons, and tennis lessons certain-
ly tired us out.
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9. Some schools have a dress code that 10. After comparing the writings of Beth E.
requires you to wear a uniform every day. Brant and Ignatia Broker, I decided that I
Some schools have a dress code that liked hers better. After comparing the writ-
requires students to wear a uniform every ings of Beth E. Brant and Ignatia Broker, I
day. decided that I liked Brant’s better.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

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Chapter 8: Using Verbs Correctly, talked Queen Elizabeth I into releasing them.
pp. 140=164 [15] After O’Malley’s death in 1603, people said
hidden
The Principal Parts of Verbs, p. 140 that she had hided several tons of treasure dur-
EXERCISE ing her career.
1. playing 6. decided
Irregular Verbs B, p. 143
2. painted 7. writing
EXERCISE A
3. jumped 8. conducted 1. bought 6. lost
4. traveled 9. selling 2. left 7. felt
5. started 10. stacked 3. spent 8. sought
Regular Verbs, p. 141 4. crept 9. kept
EXERCISE A 5. swung 10. thought
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

1. conducted 6. created EXERCISE B

2. marked 7. included born
[11] Although he was borned in Brazil,
3. mailed 8. received
Santos-Dumont received most of his education
4. answered 9. presented flew
in France. [12] This inventor flied a variety of
5. published 10. turned
aircraft. [13] One success, an 1898 model, was
EXERCISE B driven
actually a gas-filled bag that was drived by a
11. guessed 14. formalized
single propeller. [14] Another model that he
12. called 15. indicated built
13. complained himself builded in 1905 looked like a box kite.
became
[15] The work of Santos-Dumont becomed
Irregular Verbs A, p. 142
influential to European aviation in the early
EXERCISE A
1. shrank [or shrunk] 4. went twentieth century.

2. froze 5. begun Irregular Verbs C, p. 144

3. rung EXERCISE A
EXERCISE B
1. sat 6. paid
known 2. taught 7. arose
[6] Little is actually knowed about most
told 3. met 8. said
pirates. [7] The Irish have tolt a story about
4. spun 9. sent
Grace O’Malley. [8] A woman pirate, she was
born went 5. stood 10. stung
borned in 1530. [9] Often she goed to sea on her
took EXERCISE B
father’s ship. [10] In fact, she taked over his come
began [11] Evidence of these ice ages has came from
ship when he died. [11] She begun attacking
African rock formations over 500 million years
ships off Ireland’s coast. [12] One writer saw found
old. [12] The scientists finded lower carbon lev-
her as a charming woman with merry eyes; thought
wrote els in the rock layers. [13] They thinked the
another writed of her carrying a pistol in one
cause was a lack of weather that could wash
hand and a sword in the other. [13] As she
grew carbon from the air into the ground. [14] When
growed older, she encouraged Irish rebellion
the atmosphere became warm enough, the ice
against British rule. [14] Once her brother and began
thrown begun to melt and rain to fall. [15] One theory
one of her sons were throwed in jail, and she

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of how these cycles started is that an asteroid EXERCISE B

blew 6. broke 11. drawn
impact blowed up a cloud of dust that covered
7. shaken 12. said
the globe.
8. made 13. went
Irregular Verbs D, p. 145 9. hidden 14. written
EXERCISE A
10. knew 15. saw
1. given 6. put
2. been 7. laid Lie and Lay, p. 147
3. ran 8. set EXERCISE A
1. laying 6. laying
4. spent 9. hung
2. lies 7. lies
5. began 10. held
3. lay 8. lay
EXERCISE B
4. laid 9. laying

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
sang
11. Marcie sanged the baby to sleep with a lull-
5. lie 10. laid
aby remembered from her own childhood.
EXERCISE B
12. None of us knew why Mr. Hammond 11. laid [or lays] 14. lain
wore
weared that expression on his face just now. 12. lying 15. laying
13. C 13. laid
eaten
14. Cecil has ate his lunch in the cafeteria all Sit and Set, p. 148
this year and is ready for a change. EXERCISE A
1. sitting 6. setting
15. In her craft class Caroline has already
woven 2. sit 7. sets
weaved a small wool rug.
3. set 8. set
Irregular Verbs E, p. 146 4. set 9. sitting
EXERCISE A 5. sit 10. sat
burst
1. Once the steam pipes had bursted, the best EXERCISE B
thing to do was find a repair service that 11. sat [or sits] 14. set
would send help as soon as possible. 12. setting 15. sitting
stolen 13. set
2. Nabil has stealed only a minute or two to
catch his breath after the fifty-yard dash. Rise and Raise, p. 149
hit EXERCISE A
3. We yelled encouragement as Diego hitted
1. rising 6. raising
the finish line tape and won the relay.
2. raise 7. rises
4. C 3. risen 8. raised
sank
5. Slowly, Ada’s shoe sunk to the bottom of 4. raised 9. risen
the lake, leaving a track of bubbles behind 5. rise 10. raises
it.

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will have been

EXERCISE B 8. Mr. Mora’s art class was my favorite subject
11. rise 14. risen this year. (Change to future perfect tense.)
12. raise 15. risen does enjoy
9. My nine-year-old sister will enjoy your
13. raised
homemade seafood dinner. (Change to pres-
Six Troublesome Verbs, p. 150 ent emphatic tense.)
EXERCISE A did include
1. sit 6. laid 10. The museum exhibit really includes
2. Lay 7. lie dinosaur bones? (Change to past emphatic
3. rose 8. rising tense.)
4. lay 9. lain Correct Use of Verb Tenses A, p. 152
5. sat 10. risen EXERCISE
1. have put
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

EXERCISE B
11. Please bring me my photography book, 2. will have finished
lying 3. had drawn
which is laying on the coffee table.
sat 4. had been training
12. One Pawnee woman set on the ground
5. will play
with a deer hide.
6. is
13. C 7. gave
14. Now that the laundry has been washed, he 8. has been collecting
laid
has lain it on a clothesline to dry. 9. was
raised 10. [Both answers are correct.]
15. Will the flag be rised to half-mast today?
Tense and Form, p. 151 Correct Use of Verb Tenses B, p. 153
EXERCISE A EXERCISE A
future present
1. The cicadas will soon arrive. 1. The Kalispel in Montana make their home
past perfect on the reservation near Flathead Lake.
2. Vernon had accurately predicted the dreary present perfect
outcome. 2. The Kalispel in Montana have made their
future perfect progressive home on the reservation near Flathead Lake.
3. By then I will have been teaching for thirty past emphatic
years. 3. All Idaho Kalispel did live in the area
future perfect around Pend Oreille Lake.
4. By midnight every camper will have retired past progressive
for the night. 4. All Idaho Kalispel were living in the area
past perfect progressive around Pend Oreille Lake.
5. Sakiri had been writing her letter of appli- present perfect
cation. 5. Some have joined relatives at the Coeur
d’Alene Reservation.
EXERCISE B
have impressed past progressive
6. Your math skills impressed me. (Change to 6. Some were joining relatives at the Coeur
present perfect tense.) d’Alene Reservation.
were seeing present emphatic
7. Looking into the distance, we saw our 7. Others do share reservation land now with
friends. (Change to past progressive tense.) the Montana and Washington Kalispel.

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present progressive
8. Others are sharing reservation land now 3. Having served for two months, Owen is a
with the Montana and Washington good choice for class treasurer.

Kalispel. 4. Worn by years of use, the pages in this book

present progressive of poetry have yellowed.
9. What are the Kalispel going to do this year 5. Rewinding the film, the old projector over-
to continue their traditions? heated and stopped running.
future perfect
10. What will the Kalispel have done this year Active and Passive Voice, p. 156
to continue their traditions? EXERCISE A
Exercise B A 1. Maggie admired her classmates’
11. will be gathering interesting and informative exhibits
12. are tapering at the science fair.
13. has sung

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
P 2. A fierce eagle’s face was painted on
14. will provide
one of the poles near Ketchikan.
15. had followed
P 3. The volunteer was given a thank-
Sequence of Tenses, p. 154 RO
you certificate for all his work and
EXERCISE A
1. D 3. S 5. D dedication.
2. S 4. D A 4. One artist had made a perfectly
EXERCISE B shaped pot without using a potter’s
Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. wheel.
answered
6. This afternoon Mabel answers the phone P 5. At the end of our hike, we were
and told me of the incident. rewarded by a gorgeous view of the
had waited
7. If you would have waited, I could have sunset.
given you a ride. EXERCISE B
had forgotten 6. The entire class signed the letter.
8. Because I forgot my lunch at home, I
bought 7. Paulo edited the manuscript.
had bought a sandwich at school.
visited
8. Correct
9. Ever since she visits the science museum, 9. Finally, all parties reached an understand-
my cousin Samantha has dreamed of ing.
becoming an astronaut. 10. The President presented the Purple Heart to
said the veteran. [or The President presented the
10. An hour ago, Mr. Lambert says, “You
veteran the Purple Heart.]
should choose two classmates to work with
Using and Revising the Passive Voice, p. 157
on this project.”
EXERCISE
Using Infinitives and Participles Correctly, p. 155 Answers may vary slightly.
EXERCISE 1. Sonja Bata has collected items in the Bata
Some answers may vary. Shoe Museum for over fifty years.
1. Investigators had hoped to develop a solid 2. Correct
case before now. 3. Ms. Bata’s husband Thomas, a shoemaker
2. Concerned about the approaching ice and seller, made her hobby easier.
storm, city workers put sand on the roads.

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were
4. She has collected shoemaking items, in 15. My grandfather wished he was able to
addition to the shoes themselves. spend more time with us.
5. Mrs. Bata has put on display shoes of all
sizes, colors, and materials. Modals A, p. 159
EXERCISE A
6. Madonna wore those hot-pink platforms.
7. An Inuit made a pair of kamiks, or bearded 1. Most of us can paddle a canoe well enough
sealskin boots, in the traditional way. to win a race.
8. Correct 2. You say you don’t like tuna, but you may
9. Raymond Moriyama, a Canadian architect, find it tasty if you actually try it.
designed the museum.
10. Correct 3. Could our principal really have said what I
thought he just said?
Mood, p. 158
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

EXERCISE A 4. Tonight my brother and I might be cooking

SUB dinner for ourselves.
1. I wish it were Friday instead of Thursday.
IND 5. May I ask how long you have been stand-
2. The sled careened smoothly and quickly
down the hill. ing there?
SUB EXERCISE B
3. If I were going sailing, I’d take a sweater.
IMP Answers may vary. Sample responses are given.
4. Call me the minute you know the results. 6. could 11. could
SUB
5. Ora wished that the weekend weather were 7. might 12. can
better. 8. must 13. may
SUB 9. Could 14. must
6. Jeanine sang as if she were born to be on
10. might 15. May
the stage.
IND Modals B, p. 160
7. Zoe and my brother were good friends in
EXERCISE
junior high school.
IND Answers may vary. Sample responses are given.
8. The reporters were pointing to a tiny dot in 1. will 6. ought
the sky. 2. Would 7. would
IMP
9. Drop off these clothes for me at the dry 3. will 8. should
cleaner. 4. Should 9. would
SUB 5. would 10. should
10. We’d hold the reception outside if it weren’t
raining. Review A: Principal Parts of Verbs, p. 161
EXERCISE B EXERCISE A
were 1. Ms. Suzuki asked whether either of us has
11. If I was absent, could you call me with the past participle
assignment? ever gone to Mexico.
be 2. Yesterday we had emptied our canteens by
12. It is essential that all passengers are seated. present participle
were noon, but today we are drinking more
13. When Eli spoke, he looked as if he was
sparingly.
completely confident of his position.
past
3. She gave a report last week on the life of
14. C
Sojourner Truth.

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past participle
4. The teams had just begun to play when we Review C: Six Troublesome Verbs, p. 163
arrived. EXERCISE
past laid
5. She said that she rang the doorbell only 1. We lain the packages down on the table

once. and left the house.

past participle sitting
6. She could not have chosen a better day for 2. Where was Justina setting when you saw

a picnic. her last?

base form 3. C
7. Be careful not to break that delicate plate.
rose
8. By the end of November, the pond may 4. The temperature raised to nearly ninety
past participle degrees.
have frozen over, and we could go skating.
lay [or lie]
present participle 5. The examination papers laid on the
9. I can hardly believe no rain is falling for the

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
first day in three weeks. teacher’s desk.
past raised
10. She flew to Toronto in less than two hours. 6. She has never once risen her hand in class.
lying
EXERCISE B 7. Rover was laying peacefully on the front
11. seen 14. taking porch, when suddenly a cat ran across the
12. rang 15. tried lawn.
13. spoken
8. C
Review B: Tense, Mood, and Modals, p. 162 lain
9. The scarf has laid on the floor all morning.
EXERCISE A lay
will have been working 10. Whenever I laid down, the telephone
1. By next August I will be working at this
would ring.
same job for two years. [or By next August I risen
will have worked 11. The cost of oranges has rose sharply
will be working at this same job for two
because of the freeze this winter.
years.]
had been 12. C
2. If the directions would have been clearer, I
raised
might have done better on the test. 13. Heavy rains have rose the water level of the
were creek more than a foot.
3. I wish I was as talented as you are.
set
14. Please sit the vase of flowers over there by
4. This letter is addressed to a woman who
moved the front window.
has moved out of town three years ago.
set
15. The huge crane sat the steel girder on top of
5. C
the structure.
EXERCISE B
rose
6. SUB 9. IND 16. Strong winds raised from the desert sands
7. IND 10. SUB and blasted the oasis.
8. IMP sit
17. My cousins and I set around the dining
EXERCISE C table and visit while we play games.
Answers may vary. lay [or lies]
18. The caterpillar laid in the shade of the lan-
11. would 14. ought
12. Should 15. might tana and wildflowers.

13. might

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raised
19. Fred rose the top off the crate and began 7. Next semester, our reading assignments
will include
unpacking the new dishes. include short stories, poems, novels, and
20. Melting icebergs rumbled and cracked as plays.
rose
the temperature raised. 8. Could you have ever predicted that our
lying would win
21. Our fan belt was laying on the garage floor debate team won the state tournament? [or
Did you ever predict
in three pieces. Could you have ever predicted that our
would win
debate team won the state tournament?]
22. How many people do you know who have
raised become
rose four children? 9. This new diva has already became my
favorite country singer of all time.
23. Andy put the checkbook that had been
sitting has
setting on the desk in the top desk drawer. 10. Since she still is undecided, had your sister
lying
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

ever considered going out of state for col-

24. We moved the string that was laying along
lege?
the side of the board.
sat EXERCISE B
25. Looking for a quick meal, the frog had set
Answers may vary. Sample responses are given.
by the water dish.
[11] If you were on a job interview several
Review D: Correct Use of Verbs, p. 164 a personnel director or manager would
years ago, skills learned on previous jobs would
^
Exercise A have reviewed
swung have been reviewed by a personnel director or
1. I cannot believe that batter just swang at the are expected
manager. [12] Nowadays, you will expect to
ball and missed!
discuss personality and behavioral issues also.
2. By the time this practice ends, everyone [13] In the current job market, your abilities
will have swum will be
must have swam the length of the pool at have been examined on a questionnaire as well
least twice. as during one or more face-to-face interviews.
had done will ask
3. If those two would have done their part in [14] Some interviewers will have asked you
the group project, the group could have questions about your qualities as a leader. [15]
may request
received a better grade. Other interviewers may be requesting informa-
4. Mary McLeod Bethune, a child of former tion about your skill as a team player. [16] Still
became raise
slaves, become a renowned educator. others could rise the issue of your problem-
solving ability. [17] Knowing your own
5. Though this World Cup game is in another might [or could]
strengths and weaknesses would prevent your
country, live TV allows us to watch it right
is being played being taken by surprise. [18] The secret to suc-
as it has been played. lies
will have been exercising cessful interviewing lays in self-testing before-
6. By next Thursday, we will be exercising be
hand. [19] It is becoming essential that you are
every day in a row for two weeks. [or By
will have exercised prepared for such interviews. [20] Keep these
next Thursday, we will be exercising every sit
hints in mind the next time you set down for an
day in a row for two weeks.]
interview.

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Chapter 9: Using Modifiers Correctly, Phrases Used as Modifiers, p. 166

pp. 165=185 EXERCISE A

Forms of Modifiers, p. 165 1. Echoing loudly through the room, the

EXERCISE A alarm clock woke Kim.
1. Charles Darwin wrote his famous book 2. She was not a person to oversleep on the
after a trip through South America in 1832. weekends, and today was special.
2. Darwin made a fascinating discovery in 3. Kim and her best friend Felicia were going
Argentina. to the big soccer game across town.
3. He discovered some enormous bones that 4. Kim called Felicia, who was not easy to
were buried in the clay. wake up in the morning.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
4. The bones were familiar in shape, but they 5. Riding on the crowded bus, the students
were not very familiar in size. were eager to get to the stadium.
5. Darwin had apparently uncovered skele- EXERCISE B Answers for item 13 may vary.
ADJ
tons of extinct creatures. 6. Standing on his head , the clown balanced
EXERCISE B a tray of cupcakes in his right hand.
6. Armando looked (steady, steadily) for two 7. Mario always comes up with great ideas of
ADJ
weeks before finding a summer job. things to do on a rainy day .
ADJ
7. Roberta applied herself (diligent, diligently) 8. Tara listened to the wind rustling the
to her studies. leaves.
ADJ
8. The (mournful, mournfully) sound of the vio- 9. I think the calico cat is the one to take
lin filled the hall. home.
ADJ
9. The foreman explained the jury’s decision 10. That is the letter for your mother.
ADV
(succinct, succinctly). 11. After finishing our homework, we will
10. Jacob glared (defiant, defiantly) at his oppo- play a game of basketball.
ADJ
nent. 12. Nadia’s performance at the state competi-
11. Miranda poured a glass of (clear, clearly) tion impressed the judges.
ADV
water. 13. Losing a game is not always easy for my
12. Mom (gentle, gently) felt my forehead for little brother.
ADV
any fever. 14. The quarterback threw the ball to the
13. The student described the assignment (accu- receiver.
ADJ
rate, accurately). 15. Armed with pencil and paper, Brianna
14. A (cautious, cautiously) approach to making readied herself for the test.
an important decision is usually best.
Clauses Used as Modifiers, p. 167
15. The trainer urged the runners on with (loud, EXERCISE A Answers for item 5 may vary.
loudly) cheers. 1. Preparing for college is a task that requires
planning and organization.

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2. Because many colleges ask for a lot of 4. A good driver constantly remains alert.
paperwork, beginning the process early 5. Using your turn signal when turning or
helps. changing lanes is highly important.
3. My sister Alicia is one person who worked EXERCISE B
hard on her applications. 6. Ice cream seems (strange, strangely) to eat
4. She was awarded a scholarship that helps for breakfast.
pay for tuition and books. 7. The editor looks (close, closely) at every line
5. I will be happy when I send off my own of print.
applications. 8. Marianna (quick, quickly) jumped over the
EXERCISE B log.
ADV
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

6. Jonathan practices the banjo until his fingers 9. Your use of language is (succinct, succinctly).
begin to ache.
ADJ 10. The cow stared (vacant, vacantly) past the
7. The painting of the seascape that we apple tree.
bought is beautiful.
ADV 11. This paragraph does not seem (clear, clearly)
8. Since they were losing the game, the team to me.
decided to change strategies.
ADV 12. Did Ty (successful, successfully) complete the
9. After we wash these shells, we can glue marathon?
them to the poster board.
ADJ 13. My dog Spike snores (loud, loudly).
10. The dog that chased me was a Chihuahua.
ADJ 14. The child was (quiet, quietly) throughout the
11. Carlos is the one who bakes the best cakes. movie.
ADV
12. Before I went to the park this afternoon, I 15. When I woke up, I felt (hungry, hungrily).
had stared out the window for hours.
ADV Bad and Badly, Good and Well, p. 169
13. So that you can recycle them, rinse any EXERCISE A
cans or bottles you use. 1. Rachel wanted badly to go on the trip, so
ADJ
14. Tennis is the sport that impresses me the she saved up money for the airfare.
most. 2. Miriam sang well in the role of Pitti-Sing in
ADJ
15. Did you recognize the man who rescued our production of The Mikado.
the kitten from the tree? 3. Most Americans feel good about the free-
Uses of Modifiers, p. 168 doms they enjoy.
EXERCISE A Students need not identify the entire 4. After the soup boiled over, the kitchen
gerund phrase in item 5.
smelled bad.
1. We drive defensively to avoid accidents.
5. That green shirt looks good with your red
2. You should look around you carefully
hair.
when merging with traffic.
3. Situations that seem safe may quickly
become dangerous.

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EXERCISE B EXERCISE B
6. good 10. bad 13. bad 6. really 11. good
7. bad 11. well 14. good 7. slowly 12. real
8. well 12. well 15. good 8. badly 13. bad
9. badly 9. well 14. badly
10. slowly 15. well
Slow and Slowly, Real and Really, p. 170
EXERCISE A Regular Comparison, p. 172
1. Charles really is leaving, isn’t he? EXERCISE A
1. S 5. S 8. S
2. This elevator is so slow.
2. S 6. C 9. C
3. I could not believe that the story she was
3. C 7. C 10. C
telling me was real.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
4. S
4. The dogs seemed really excited to be going EXERCISE B
to the park. 11. most beautiful
5. Alex slowly moved his pawns to the center 12. warmer

of the chessboard. 13. larger

14. less worried
EXERCISE B
6. really 11. slow 15. most wonderful
7. slowly 12. real Irregular Comparison, p. 173
8. real 13. really EXERCISE A
9. really 14. slow 1. S 5. S 8. P
10. slowly 15. slowly 2. C 6. C 9. C
3. P 7. C 10. S
Eight Troublesome Modifiers, p. 171
4. P
EXERCISE A
EXERCISE B
1. Coach Garza believes that physical health
11. worst 16. best
and mental exercise are both really 12. better 17. more
important. 13. more 18. Most
2. If you do not exercise physically, you may 14. worse 19. further
feel bad. 15. less 20. farther
3. Likewise, your brain also requires some Regular and Irregular Comparison, p. 174
good exercise. EXERCISE A
1. more plainly, most plainly
4. Coach Garza feels well when she makes
2. nearer, nearest
time for both every day.
3. more, most
5. She slowly convinced me of the benefits of 4. more impatiently, most impatiently
exercise. 5. worse, worst

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EXERCISE B EXERCISE B
6. Most 11. most accurate 11. Don’t you think the larger of the two trees
7. nicer 12. kinder would provide more shade?
8. more gracious 13. furthest 12. That pitch was the fastest Stacey had ever
thrown.
9. worse 14. greenest
13. The worst part about sleeping late on
10. most 15. less
Saturday is that I feel as if I have wasted
Comparative and Superlative Forms A, p. 175 my whole day.
EXERCISE A 14. Which is the more important chore to do
1. friendliest now, sweeping or washing the dishes?
2. more nervous 15. The quietest of the three babies fell asleep
3. youngest before the others.
4. darker
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

Double Comparisons, p. 177

5. more interesting EXERCISE
6. thicker 1. Yesterday, Yan and Billy ran farther than
7. shaggier they usually do.
8. wildest 2. Jennifer thinks that Beethoven’s Ninth
Symphony is the greatest musical composi-
9. most promptly [or more promptly]
tion ever.
10. most active
3. The best way to become a better writer is to
EXERCISE B write as often as possible.
11. It was the rainiest weather of any I’ve ever 4. We waited longer in line for the first movie
seen! than the second.
12. Of all my baseball cards, this one is the 5. The deer ran faster as the car passed.
most valuable.
6. C
13. Of the two books, the first book is longer.
7. The quilt Marc’s grandmother made for
14. She is the most famous person to have him is the softest blanket he has.
graduated from my high school.
8. Charlie’s cat is already huge, and it’s only
15. The biggest puppy of the litter is also the going to get bigger.
loudest one.
9. That was the best game I’ve ever seen!
Comparative and Superlative Forms B, p. 176 10. What is more certain is that no person can
EXERCISE A be at two places at the same time.
1. worst
Comparisons Within Groups, p. 178
2. more
EXERCISE Answers may vary slightly.
3. smarter 1. Of all the subjects I have this year, Biology
4. most attractive II is better than any other class.
5. better 2. My brother Jim is taller than anyone else in
6. richer his class.
7. earlier 3. The queen is better than all the other chess
8. farthest pieces.
9. more generously 4. Rachel has more saves than any other goal-
keeper in our district.
10. latest
5. Jane plays the clarinet better than anyone
else in her band.

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6. Rafael caught more fish with the top-water 3. I can’t think of anything greater than the
lure than with any other method. number of stars in the sky.
7. Katy has climbed higher mountains than 4. The painting was not as unusual as the
anyone else her age. others were.
8. Of all my pictures, this framed one is more 5. Marissa made a perfect drawing of the
interesting than any others. flowers.
9. Soccer is better than any other team sport. 6. Patricia gave more food to her dog than to
10. Anita performed more volunteer work than her cat.
any other person in her community. 7. Juan and Pilar enjoyed the movie more
than anyone else in the group did.
Clear Comparisons and Absolute Adjectives A,
p. 179 8. Kara’s circle was more nearly round than
mine.
EXERCISE
9. The prospect of the wide ocean was even

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Some answers may vary. Sample responses are
provided. more vast than the view of a prairie.
1. It is better to use the word may to ask some- 10. How much more assistance did you give to
one’s permission than it is to use can. Mark than to Eddy?
2. The audience enjoyed the music as much as Comparisons Review, p. 181
the cast did. EXERCISE
3. Roland plays with the school rugby team Some answers may vary. Sample responses are
more often than anyone else does. provided.
4. The parts of a pickup truck are larger than 1. The skills of our players were sharper than
those of a normal car. those of the other team.
5. Alex’s drawing of the house was more 2. Of the twins, Gary is taller.
nearly square than mine was. 3. I thought the dog’s trick was the funniest
6. Of all the stories told tonight, I thought thing I have ever seen.
Tina’s was the most unusual. 4. Gabe likes broccoli more than he likes any
7. The bear’s paws hit the water more often other vegetable.
than they hit the fish. 5. The explorer said the footprints were bigger
8. My uncle likes that baseball team more than those of any average alligator.
than anyone else does. 6. Much is to be gained in the struggle for
9. After eating dessert, I felt full. equal rights for all Americans.
10. I cannot think of any words I believe more 7. My aunt has received more college
than “Home is where your heart is.” degrees than any other member of my
family.
Clear Comparisons and Absolute Adjectives B,
p. 180 8. Arturo’s second rocket soared higher than
EXERCISE his first.
Some answers may vary. Sample responses are 9. Of all the experiences on the trip, Mike
provided. thought the most wonderful was the boat
1. The quietness was replaced by a dead ride.
silence. 10. Walking across the stage to accept her
2. During the debate, Susan offered a com- award was Mia’s happiest moment.
plete set of arguments in favor of her
position.

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Review A: Forms of Modifiers, p. 182 19. The president of the club voiced her opin-
eloquently
EXERCISE ion quite eloquent.
1. Her goal as mayor was to treat everyone happy
equally 20. Claudia seemed happily about receiving
equal. such a good grade.
2. To avoid accidents, people must drive
attentively Review B: Eight Troublesome Modifiers, p. 183
attentive. EXERCISE
good
3. The workers handled the explosives very 1. The plan sounded well, but it did not work
cautiously
cautious. very well.
quickly
4. Recovering quick, Renaldo regained his bal- 2. Tony’s record of wins was only fair, but he
well
ance and kept running. pitched good in tough situations.
slow
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

5. In order to play the piano well, one has to 3. The books that we had ordered were slowly
regularly
practice regular. in arriving.
well well
6. My brother has been doing his work good 4. I hope An Li feels good enough to go to the
ever since his boss spoke to him. recital.
really
7. The geraniums in the greenhouse looked 5. The class was real tired after their field trip
beautiful
beautifully. to the mountains.
well
8. The neighbors’ yappy new puppy certainly 6. Nations, like people, can get along good or
loud
seems loudly to me. badly.
badly
9. The team lost the first game by a single run, 7. We agreed that the band had played bad in
easily
but they won the second game easy, 10–2. the parade.
10. The students thought that Ms. Pong’s out- 8. The situation in the strife-torn country
elegant bad
fits looked elegantly. looked badly.
really
11. The members of the team that had just lost 9. Are you real sure, Ernesto?
sad
the championship felt sadly. bad
10. The butter tasted so badly that we were
perfectly
12. The costume fits you perfect. sure it had become rancid.
strongly slowly
13. Blowing strong across the hillside, the wind 11. Running slow, Gina crested the top of the
knocked over the tree. hill.
positive slow
14. Henry felt positively that he was going to 12. The bus seemed slowly today.
be elected to the student council. slowly
13. The truck climbed the steep hill slow.
anxiously
15. The squirrel looked anxious for a place to 14. Her command of the Russian language was
bury the acorn. well
bad, but she spoke Polish pretty good.
really
16. Summer days in Arizona can get real hot. really
15. My parents were real glad you could come
17. Ms. Chan and the rest of the golf club ate to the meeting.
quickly
their early breakfast quick. well
16. After two days of fever, Ernie felt good
meditatively
18. Chewing meditative on my homework, the enough to get out of bed.
lizard stared at me.

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bad
17. Sonya felt badly for the people who didn’t 14. The new lawyer was more unaware of the
finish their projects on time. facts in the case than she should have been.
really 15. Olga decided that architecture would be the
18. When taking up running, start off real
most satisfying choice of the three careers
slowly. she was considering.
good
19. It felt well to be on vacation finally. Review D: Problems with Modifiers, p. 185
really
20. Tom was not real convinced of the defen- EXERCISE A Answers may vary slightly.
wildly
dant’s innocence. 1. Waving his arms wild, Josh jumped into the
water.
Review C: Comparison, p. 184 well
EXERCISE A 2. Jan speaks French really good.
Answers may vary slightly. true
friendlier 3. Do you think the man’s story is truer than

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
1. People in Paris were more friendlier than I the others?
had ever expected. less
worse 4. Of the pair of birds, the cockatoo is least
2. Shalisa’s bicycle looked much worser before likely to sing.
it was painted.
5. The committee agreed to investigate the
further
3. Of all the pianists in the class, Rico was the matter more further.
oldest
older and most experienced. slowly
easier 6. Speak slow so that I can understand you
4. Of the two desserts, rice pudding is easiest better.
to prepare. worried
younger 7. Do you look worriedly because you are still
5. Billy, the youngest of the two cousins, lives thinking about the test?
in Chattanooga. better
worst 8. After taking the medicine, I felt more better.
6. Last week’s snowstorm was the worse good
9. Nadia felt well about having helped out on
blizzard of the decade.
the recycling project.
7. The woman in Ward D had more visitors
any other 10. Ivan politely asked for a game that would
than any patient in the hospital. really
happier last real long.
8. I think that Pilar is more happier at camp EXERCISE B
than she thought she would be. 11. After a few days’ rest, the governor is feel-
higher ing better than she did before.
9. She usually makes more higher grades than
12. Mr. Chang predicted that snowfall this year
anyone else in her class.
least happy would be as heavy as, if not heavier than,
10. The golfer said she was least happiest when last year’s.
she missed a short putt. 13. Our drama coach looked happier yesterday
than he does today.
EXERCISE B Answers will vary slightly.
11. Consuelo was certainly happier about the 14. Cai’s job carries less responsibility than
early election returns than Pauline was. yours.
12. Dr. Feldman’s appointment as dean was 15. Both of the films that we saw in history
more recent than any other staff changes. class were certainly interesting, but we
all agreed that the first one was more
13. Roberto swims faster than any other mem-
dramatic.
ber of the team.

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Chapter 10: Placement of Modifiers, by Confederate generals in the Civil War.

pp. 186=194 7. The football slipped away from Mark as he
was running down the field.
Misplaced Modifiers A, p. 186
8. Elaine brought a watercolor, which was
EXERCISE A
praised by everyone present, to her paint-
1. Celia said after her trip she would show ing class.
slides of Ghana. 9. The dancers, stepping to the beat of the
2. We took a ferry on the lake called the music, twirled to the side of the stage.
Akasombo Queen. 10. Roberto rehearsed in practice the melody
he would play onstage.
3. Tourists can stay in guest houses visiting
Squinting Modifiers A, p. 188
the coast.
EXERCISE
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

4. C Sentences may vary slightly.

5. Our tour guide could speak English, Twi, 1. When the club met, the president said she
would announce the next fund-raiser.
and Nzima in Ghana.
The president said she would announce the
EXERCISE B
next fund-raiser when the club met.
Sentences may vary slightly.
2. The coach of the losing side said the team
6. The ribbon snapped as the exhausted win-
played as well as it could yesterday.
ner of the marathon ran through.
Yesterday, the coach of the losing side said
7. There is a stereo that is on sale in the store.
the team played as well as it could.
8. Investigators equipped with elaborate
3. June made up her mind to celebrate with
instruments tested pollution levels.
her family after the performance.
9. Canoeing down the river, Mr. Jewesson
After the performance, June made up her
spotted several moose.
mind to celebrate with her family.
10. Jorge brought a stray puppy, which was too
4. The squirrels hid at the base of the tree the
excited to stay quiet, to the movie theater.
pecans they collected.
Misplaced Modifiers B, p. 187 The squirrels collected pecans at the base of
EXERCISE A the tree and hid them.
1. When the Volta River was dammed, Celia 5. Ally broke the school record last week, after
changing her training regimen.
said a lake was created.
After changing her training regimen last
2. Celia announced in the city of Accra she week, Ally broke the school record.
had contacted the youth hostel.
Squinting Modifiers B, p. 189
3. C EXERCISE A
4. When they got off the plane, the beautiful Answers may vary depending on students’ interpre-
tation of the sentence.
hills awed the tourists.
1. Mr. Jenkins stopped to talk on his way to
5. We bought seafood from a local fishing boat
work with Mr. Kung.
that was fresh.
2. The president of our club said yesterday the
EXERCISE B
Sentences may vary slightly. project was a great success.
6. Last summer, Billy studied strategies used 3. C

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4. Suzanne said she would build a better 10. As I slowly approached the intersection, the
rocket after she bought new materials. traffic signal changed from yellow to red.

5. Jeff will start planning the design he intends Dangling Modifiers B, p. 191
EXERCISE A
to enter in the competition tomorrow.
1. DM 6. C
EXERCISE B
2. DM 7. C
Sentences may vary depending on students’ inter-
pretation of the sentence. 3. C 8. DM
6. After the movie, Alex decided to work on 4. DM 9. DM
his own screenplay. 5. DM 10. DM
Alex decided to work on his own screen- EXERCISE B
play after the movie. Sentences may vary slightly.
7. The skiers said they would travel to 11. After rowing across the channel, we found

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Colorado as soon as the first snow fell. that the water grew less choppy.
As soon as the first snow fell, the skiers said 12. Convinced of the prisoner’s innocence, the
they would travel to Colorado. panel decided that he should be set free.
8. Yesterday, I told Celia I had seen the new 13. While I was typing on the computer, my cat
film. Riley kept bothering me.
I told Celia I had seen the new film yester- 14. I was applying the final coat, and my paint-
day. ing for art class was almost finished.
9. Last night, the reporter said the police had 15. To improve the neighborhood, the people
found the suspect. built a small park.
The reporter said the police had found the Review A: Modifier Placement, p. 192
suspect last night.
EXERCISE A Answers may vary.
10. At the time of the hearing, Jill announced
1. Children scampered after the countless
she was ready to testify.
pigeons whose parents kept a watchful eye
Jill announced she was ready to testify at
the time of the hearing. on them.

Dangling Modifiers A, p. 190 2. Flying low over their pasture, the cows were
EXERCISE A frightened by the noise of the helicopter.
1. DM 4. DM 3. The conductor stood with her back to the
2. DM 5. C
audience on the podium.
3. C
4. In their ballerina costumes the parents
EXERCISE B
Sentences may vary slightly. thought that all of the little girls looked
6. The hot and tired people found the pool beautiful.
water refreshing. 5. We waited for the mail carrier eager to get
7. Having considered all of the evidence, the your letter.
jury found the defendant not guilty.
EXERCISE B
8. The pain in her left knee grew worse from Sentences may vary slightly. Sample responses are
kicking a soccer ball every day. given.
9. The rain stopped almost immediately when 6. The campers would have to do without
I opened my umbrella. their afternoon snack, which was stolen by
a raccoon.

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7. We decided that we would try out a new 9. Using computers, forecasters predict the
restaurant before the movie. [or Before the effects that weather systems will have.
movie, we decided that we would try out a 10. At eight o’clock, the teacher said the science
new restaurant.] fair would open. [or The teacher said the
8. The student at the dormitory said she had science fair would open at eight o’clock.]
seen a friend of hers from high school. [or
The student said she had seen a friend of Review C: Modifier Placement, p. 194
hers from high school at the dormitory.] EXERCISE A Answers may vary.

9. After discussing the problem, we proposed 1. We brought the dog home from the pound
two solutions. with the yellow collar.
10. While I was reeling in the fish, my dog
2. Melissa wore black shoes to the opera
jumped out of the boat.
that matched her dress.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

Review B: Modifier Placement, p. 193

3. Mr. Gonzalez told us a story in our history
EXERCISE A Answers may vary.
class about the Alamo.
1. Mr. Perez bought tickets to the play about
Mozart at the box office. 4. Climbers scaled the huge icefall equipped
with rope, anchors, and aluminum ladders.
2. She asked for silence as the howls of protest
continued speaking quietly. 5. Homero saw a turtle crawling across the
sidewalk on his way to the library.
3. Paul read a book about trout fishing on the
EXERCISE B Sentences may vary slightly.
subway.
6. Waiting for the concert to begin, I found a
4. With his back to the camera the photograph wallet under my seat. [or I found a wallet
of the man was useless to the insurance under my seat while I was waiting for the
concert to begin.]
investigator.
7. On Tuesday, the president announced that the
5. My father found a fishing lure on the beach club had received a generous donation. [or
that was caught in some seaweed. The president announced that the club had
received a generous donation on Tuesday.]
EXERCISE B
Sentences may vary slightly. Sample responses are 8. At last, Mary Sue decided she would take
given. golf lessons. [or Mary Sue decided she
would take golf lessons at last.]
6. While I was walking to the office, it began
to rain. 9. Standing on the upper deck, we saw dol-
phins frolicking alongside the ship. [or While
7. As he was grasping the carton firmly, one
we were standing on the upper deck, we
egg somehow became cracked.
saw dolphins frolicking alongside the ship.]
8. Last week, my sister told me she had gotten
10. After the ballet recital, my father told us we
a parking ticket. [or My sister told me she
would go eat dinner. [or My father told us
had gotten a parking ticket last week.]
we would go eat dinner after the ballet
recital.]

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Chapter 11: A Glossary of Usage, 10. Maya divided the rest of the kibble evenly
among
pp. 195–203 between the four dogs.
Glossary A, p. 195 11. Do you know when the Internet was
invented
EXERCISE A discovered?
1. all right 6. A lot
12. C
2. illusion 7. alumnus
that
3. number 8. anywhere 13. Another reason is because Wally received
4. accepted 9. an more votes than Eddy.
5. isn’t 10. anyway 14. C
EXERCISE B
15. C
11. Where is the Holocaust Museum located at? besides
16. Some say that Mexico, beside being a popu-

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
12. C
lar tourist destination, is also a good place
13. C to live.
doesn’t
14. Catherine plays almost every sport: lacrosse, 17. Jeff said that he don’t like the taste of
basketball, volleyball, soccer, and etc. [or and coconut milk.
others fewer
etc.]
18. Cara has vowed to spend less hours in front
15. Toshiro’s decision to move to Germany will of the television.
affect take
effect his entire family.
19. Glenda, please bring this book home and
Glossary B, p. 196 read chapter five.
EXERCISE broke
did 20. The force of the earthquake busted win-
1. Lester done nothing to embarrass us.
dows, damaged buildings, and caused
2. When you go to San Francisco, make sure many injuries.
take
you bring a camera.
Glossary C, p. 197
3. C EXERCISE A
emigrated
4. My great-grandparents immigrated from 1. as if 6. ought
2. himself 7. somewhat
China.
fewer 3. inferred 8. type of
5. On my last French test I made far less mis-
4. let 9. kind of
takes in conjugating verbs.
burst 5. into 10. is
6. The pipe busted and spewed hot water on EXERCISE B
the floor. 11. Whales provide milk for their young just
Since [or Because] as
7. Being as Greg is a good golfer, he easily like other mammals do.
made the school’s golf team. 12. C
lent taught
8. My parents borrowed me the money so that 13. In fewer than ten days, Kelly learned him
I could go to the dance. to play simple guitar chords.
emigrate types
9. When does the family plan to immigrate 14. This article implies that these type of foods
from Canada? are not healthful.
15. C
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supposed
Glossary D, p. 198 19. Raul was suppose to spend the whole day
EXERCISE working on the car.
have
1. Rather than waiting until today, I should of 20. I would have waited for you if I had of
begun shopping for a birthday present last known you needed a ride.
month.
Glossary E, p. 199
2. The Chinese food I had for lunch was better EXERCISE
than
then any other Chinese food I have eaten. 1. C
3. You can get all kinds of useful information 2. C
from
off of the Internet. who [or that]
3. The man which gave me the maps at the
4. C Tourist Board was very helpful.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

5. Wanda was cheering for neither the home 4. Take that there book and place it on the
nor
team or the visiting team. shelf.
6. The teacher asked Jaime to clear the papers those
5. I certainly liked the low prices at them
off of the desk. shops.
supposed
7. Those people are suppose to be experts in to
6. Phoebe wants to try and repair the engine.
the field of microbiology. that
7. Are those the in-line skates what Herman
8. C found in the park?
9. C way
8. Yesterday, they traveled a long ways to visit
10. C our school.
somewhat that
11. The volunteers faltered some but eventually 9. He read in the paper where the city council
piled all the bags of sand along the water- meeting had been canceled.
who [or that]
line. 10. Several of the people which left early did
used
12. Carla use to tutor a rambunctious group of not get to see your grand finale.
cooking
third-graders after school. 11. Stir-frying is where you cook food quickly
have
13. The parakeet must of escaped from its cage in a hot pan.
sometime during the night. 12. C
type of
14. C 13. The type flower is difficult to identify.
15. C 14. Come take a look at this here interesting
then
16. Mr. James got up from his bed and than tarantula.
began to stretch. 15. A compulsion is when you have an irre-
17. Oliver’s skill in the javelin throw decreased sistible, repeated urge to do something.
somewhat that
some after his injury. 16. Doreen read where the school was going to
nor
18. Neither Felicia or Eduardo will be able to have an open house.
go roller-skating tonight. 17. C

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Those
18. Them athletes won gold medals in the EXERCISE B
a lot
competition. 6. The local YMCA program emphasizes alot
that
19. The glove what she bought last week was of indoor sports—volleyball, basketball,
others
made of leather. badminton, and etc. [or and etc.]
Except
20. C 7. Accept for Rolanda, the members of the
debate team became nervous during the
The Double Negative and Nonsexist Language,
p. 200 finals.
EXERCISE A 8. The reason the editor did not print the arti-
1. DN—not nothing that
cle was because it arrived a day too late.
2. DN—couldn’t barely Besides
9. Beside raising carrier pigeons, Mrs. Lee,
3. S

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
who is a veterinarian, breeds parrots and
4. DN—Isn’t nobody
5. S parakeets.

6. DN—scarcely no one 10. The next time you go to the post office,
take
7. DN—doesn’t hardly please bring this package to be weighed
8. S and stamped.
9. DN—wouldn’t no 11. Paul cannot hardly imagine how so many
10. S
people mistake luxuries for necessities.
EXERCISE B fewer
12. We put less discarded soda bottles in the
Answers may vary.
recycling bin than the other class did.
11. Kwame waved his hand to get the attention that
flight attendant 13. As I read the novel, I saw where the author
of the stewardess. allusion
supervisor made an illusion to World War II.
12. The foreman at the construction site decid-
ed to let everyone off work early. 14. Jenny hadn’t but one reason for looking at
the map: to find out where the coliseum
13. Mrs. Miller juggles her duties as a lawyer,
homemaker was located at.
mother, and housewife. himself
15. He couldn’t scarcely get hisself to begin the
14. Yan and I stopped on our way home to
firefighters difficult task of cleaning his room.
watch the firemen battle the blaze. those
his or her 16. Gary said to be careful because all of them
15. Every employee should bring his own broken
glasses are busted.
lunch to the company picnic. that invented
17. The machine what he discovered revolu-
Review A: Glossary, p. 201
tionized the industry.
EXERCISE A rather [or somewhat]
1. an 18. Because she was kind of sleepy, Pam knew
ought not [or should not]
2. as far as that she hadn’t ought to drive anywhere.
who [or that]
3. effect 19. Many of the people which left the game
4. among early had to wait in traffic for a long time.
5. number

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among between
20. Carla carefully divided the papers between 17. After remembering the differences among a
the twenty students. participle, a gerund, and a participial

Review B: Glossary, p. 202 phrase, Kelly knew that she would do fine
EXERCISE A on the test.
1. a while 18. Gary accurately predicted the negative
effects
2. breaking affects of the senator’s speech.
3. immigrated Because [or Since]
19. Being that she felt ill, Ellen took some medi-
4. among
cine and called her mother.
5. into that
EXERCISE B 20. The dogs who won blue ribbons were sup-
did posed to receive their medals on Tuesday.
6. Mrs. Gibbon she done her volunteer work
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

early this morning. Review C: Glossary, p. 203

have
EXERCISE A
7. He could of pulled more gently on the rope
1. try to
to avoid breaking it.
emigrated 2. as if
8. Jon’s parents immigrated from Japan 3. Because
decades ago. 4. could have
kinds
9. These kind of novels have always appealed 5. taught
to Robert, an avid reader of science fiction. EXERCISE B
who [or that]
10. The mountain climbers which were on Answers may vary.

the news almost died trying to reach the 6. Mrs. Smith asked that each student bring
his or her the teacher’s
summit. his book to her desk.
supposed
11. The quality of their product is suppose to 7. Mrs. Holly said that I have come a long
way
somewhat ways in my studies.
improve some over the next several years.
doesn’t as if
12. If Sonja don’t get to the bus stop soon, she’ll 8. Although we felt like we had been reward-
let
have to wait for the next bus. ed already, Jack would not leave us go
All right to home until he had given each of us a gift.
13. Allright, who is going to try and perform somewhat
this science experiment at home? 9. Henry’s nervousness increased some when
flight attendants
all the stewardesses took their seats and fas-
14. She can’t hardly doubt that the mystery
tened their safety belts.
package contains jewelry. those
formed 10. The boy jumped off of them boxes and ran
15. A sandstorm is when a cloud forms from
into the house.
windblown sand. besides
isn’t 11. What equipment, beside a bat and ball, can
16. Pablo ain’t the player who scored the final lend
anyway you borrow me?
goal anyways.

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who [or that]

12. Martina is a girl which approaches these 15. Ms. Simpson’s kindly tone and manner
kinds implied
kind of difficult assignments with a smile. inferred that she understood how difficult
13. When you come to class tomorrow, remem- this kind of a choice was.
bring type of
ber to take the correct type pencil.
nor
14. Is it true that neither Moby-Dick or Leaves of
Grass was well received when it first
appeared?

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

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Chapter 12: Capitalization, EXERCISE B

–220
pp. 204– Dr. Scott began by asking the class to name
First Words, the Pronoun I, and the the authors of books they had recently read.
Interjection O, p. 204 Richard responded by listing several, including
EXERCISE A
Hermann Hesse Thomas Mann Rainer Maria
T hermann hesse, thomas mann, and rainer maria
1. the idea of a pencil with an eraser attached Rilke
rilke.
Dr.
was patented by Hyman L. Lipman in 1858, “Why, Richard,” dr. Scott said, “these are all
o
and Oh, what a good idea that was. German authors. Do you read or speak
C
2. could you remember to bring some pencils German?”
Sr.
to the meeting tonight? “My father is Richard T. Gonzalez, sr.,”
3. Marco read the last line of the poem aloud: Richard said. “He is a professor of German lit-
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

B O
“blow mighty wind, o breath of the sky!” erature at the university.”
I Scott
4. The bank where i have my checking Dr. scott laughed. “Maybe I should call you
account is insured by the FDIC. Herr Gonzalez, then.”
I H
5. When i said, “have a nice day,” Delia Proper Nouns and Adjectives B, p. 206
O I EXERCISE A
replied, “oh, i certainly will!”
1. South Africa
EXERCISE B
Today 2. Colombia
today didn’t start off that badly, unless it
3. the Arabian Desert
bothers you to wear socks that don’t match.
Then I 4. Fifty-first Street
then i missed the bus, and my mother had to 5. eastern Georgia
I
drive me to school. i was supposed to write a 6. Loch Ness
Come O
poem in my English class. “come to me, o muse 7. Andes Mountains
I I
of poetry,” i begged. i couldn’t think of any- 8. the West
Once
thing but the line, “once upon a midnight 9. Mission San Juan Capistrano
I
dreary, while i pondered, weak and weary,” 10. the Hawaiian Islands
which of course someone named Edgar Allan EXERCISE B
Poe already made famous. We had an astronomy bee today in science.
Proper Nouns and Adjectives A, p. 205 Mrs. Perez explained the rules to us. She said
EXERCISE A we could name any celestial body inside or out-
Milky Way
1. René Descartes side the milky way. If you couldn’t think of a
2. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Big Dipper
planet or constellation, such as the big dipper,
3. Gregor Johann Mendel
you were out of the game. Of course, everyone
4. Sir Edmund Hillary
started with the names of the planets: Jupiter,
5. King Henry VIII Earth
Mars, earth, and so on. Then, people named the
6. C Orion Taurus Cancer
constellations: orion, taurus, cancer, and the
7. Grandma Moses
rest. In the last round, people were giving the
8. Eudora Welty Betelgeuse
9. Sir Winston Churchill names of stars, such as betelgeuse. At the end of

10. Robert Frost the game, only Joe and Yvonne were left.

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Yvonne couldn’t think of anything that had not EXERCISE B

been named. “Wait a minute,” Joe shouted. “We Suzy is currently in a play being performed
moon Forster Center Perform-
forgot about the Moon!” downtown at the forster center for the perform-
ing Arts Lifeson
ing arts. Last year she won a coveted lifeson
Proper Nouns and Adjectives C, p. 207 Award
EXERCISE A award for her stage work. Suzy is very ambi-
1. the Bureau of American Ethnology tious. After the play finishes its run, she will
2. Santa Maria High School begin work on a movie that will be filmed near
Eiffel Tower
3. the New York Yankees the eiffel tower. When asked if she thought she
4. Microsoft Word might win another local award for her work,
5. Fab cola she said she wasn’t sure, but that she was hop-
6. the Red Cross Golden Globe
ing perhaps for a golden globe.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
7. C
Proper Nouns and Adjectives E, p. 209
8. National Museum of the American Indian
EXERCISE A
9. International Business Machines
1. Labor Day
10. Chock Full of Grains cereal
2. Cretaceous Period
EXERCISE B
3. Dark Ages
Mueller’s Office Supply is the shop located 4. the Cold War
Bay College
across the street from bay college, where I want 5. C
Marlins
to go to school. (Go marlins!) The store does a 6. the Fourth of July
lot of business with the college, especially the 7. the Olympic Games
Office Admissions Records
office of admissions and records. For standardi- 8. June
zation purposes, the department uses only one 9. Vietnam War
Barrel Precision
type of pencil, the Yellow barrel #2 by precision 10. Halloween
Pencils department
pencils. Whenever the Department runs out of EXERCISE B
holidays
stock, someone hurries over to Mueller’s to buy We are talking about all the Holidays and
a few boxes. events she needs to record. For example, at the
spring Groundhog Day
beginning of Spring there is groundhog day,
Proper Nouns and Adjectives D, p. 208 Valentine’s Day Presidents’ Day
EXERCISE A valentine’s day, and presidents’ day.
1. St. Stephen’s Hospital “Wait a minute,” Denika says. “How did a
2. the Congressional Medal of Honor rodent get its own holiday?”
3. C
I don’t know, but I remind her that this holi-
4. Reagan High School Forensics Fever
day occurs on the same date as forensics fever,
5. the Golden Gate Bridge
a debate contest that our school is hosting.
6. Pulitzer Prize
7. Old Victorian Theater [or old Victorian “I don’t know if I’ll be able to concentrate,”
theater] Denika says. “All I’ll be thinking about is that
8. the Space Needle overgrown rat looking for its shadow.”
9. C
10. Washington Monument

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Proper Nouns and Adjectives F, p. 210 Terrell thinks for a second. “I’m naming the
Bob
EXERCISE A car bob.”
1. New Testament
This stuns me. “Bob? There’s nothing excit-
2. South African
ing about that name.”
3. Southern Baptist
“Well,” Terrell says, “I want the car to be fast,
4. C Bob
right? There’s no faster name to say than ‘bob.’”
5. Christmas
6. Episcopalian Proper Nouns and Adjectives Review, p. 212
7. Cajun EXERCISE
8. Islam
1. Enola Gay

9. Book of Mormon
2. the East

10. Hanukkah
3. ten miles north of Dallas
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

4. Joseph R. Smith, Jr.

EXERCISE B
holidays 5. Lutheran
11. Are there many Holidays Jewish and
Christian 6. the People’s Choice Awards
christian peoples both celebrate?
Muslim Buddhist 7. my dog Sally
12. The muslim and buddhist religions have 8. C
followers
many Followers. 9. Monument Valley
Koran
13. I’ve read parts of the koran, but not all of it. 10. Dr. Henry P. Clare

14. Many Asian Americans in our city celebrate 11. Caspian Sea
Chinese New Year 12. the Seattle Seahawks
chinese new year.
god 13. the moon
15. The Norse God of thunder was named
14. the Yucatán Peninsula
Thor. 15. Department of Weights and Measures
Proper Nouns and Adjectives G, p. 211 16. Japanese
EXERCISE A 17. planet
1. Niña 6. Buick Skylark 18. Passover
2. French II 7. Air Force One 19. the season of spring
3. Toyota Corolla 8. algebra 20. Geography II
4. C 9. Old Ironsides
Titles A, p. 213
5. Pinta 10. Santa Maria
EXERCISE A
EXERCISE B 1. Golda Meir, former prime minister of Israel
My brother Terrell is making a soapbox racer 2. Grandma Quiros’s delicious paella
physical science
as a project for his Physical Science class. It’s 3. Commissioner George Thompson
similar to the solar-powered car project I did 4. ex-Secretary of Transportation Elizabeth Dole
Chemistry
last year for chemistry II. He’s trying to think of 5. our cousin Charlie
a name for his car, and I want to help him out. 6. C
“I think it should be something exciting,” I 7. “Please continue, Sergeant.”
Shooting Star Lightning 8. C
say, “something like shooting star or lightning
Bolt Supercarracer 9. former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
bolt or supercarracer, all as one word.”
10. Kim’s uncle Akito

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EXERCISE B 4. Mr. John Newman

Our family reunion will include many inter- 5. UFO
Grandma
esting characters. There is grandma Adele, who 6. Prof. Curtis
governor son
once ran for Governor in this state, and her Son 7. Yvonne Brown, M.D.
aunt
Phil, who is my uncle. My Aunt Nora is a noted 8. ROTC
mountain climber and was recently elected 9. C
president 10. C
President of her local climbing club. Then, there
Grandpa EXERCISE B
is grandpa Arthur, who once pitched to Babe SAT ACT
nephew general
Ruth. My Nephew Billy wants to be a General I plan to take the sat and the act. My teachers
Ms.
in the army. Kathleen, my cousin, aspires to and counselors, including ms. Turner, recom-
vice- mended that I take the tests this fall at the earli-
be a novelist. Finally, there is I, the new Vice-

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
president est opportunity. I have already received the reg-
President of my school’s journalism club.
Titles B, p. 214 istration in the mail, addressed to Nathaniel J.
Jr.
EXERCISE A Poole, jr. It’s strange to see one’s name on some-
Dr.
1. “The Handsomest Drowned Man in the thing so official. I’m going to talk to dr. Garza
World” about test-taking strategies so that the next time
2. In the Lake of the Woods I receive an official letter in the mail it will tell
3. “The Magic Barrel”
me about the good scores I made.
4. “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”
5. Heaven Is Under Our Feet Abbreviations B, p. 216
EXERCISE A
6. “The Girl Who Wouldn’t Talk”
1. C
7. Let Us Now Praise Famous Men
2. yard
8. Gift from the Sea
3. C
9. C
4. Montreal, Canada
10. The Things They Carried
5. second
EXERCISE B
6. gallon
My favorite author is Mark Twain. I like
7. March 14
everything from his short stories, such as “The
of 8. 112 South Main Street
Celebrated Jumping Frog Of Calaveras
The 9. New Hampshire
County,” to his novels, such as the Adventures of
on the 10. Friday
Tom Sawyer. The book Life On The Mississippi is
EXERCISE B
also good, though I like fiction better than non- 11. We used to live on East Lemon Street before
fiction. This summer, I plan to read A we moved here to Lavender Lane.
in
Connecticut Yankee In King Arthur’s Court. 12. Caitlin usually drives about 5 miles per
hour under the speed limit.
Maybe after that I will write my own book.
13. The recipe called for 2 teaspoons salt and 1
Abbreviations A, p. 215 tablespoon of paprika.
EXERCISE A
14. Our friend Larry is from Lincoln, Nebraska.
1. D. H. Lawrence
15. Our vacation to New York City had to be
2. CIA
postponed two months.
3. Cuba Gooding, Jr.

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Titles and Abbreviations Review, p. 217 9. by way of the Panama Canal

EXERCISE by way of the Panama canal
1. Dr. Pendergrass
10. at Monroe high school
2. Joseph Powers, Jr.
at Monroe High School
3. CIA
4. ex-President Reagan EXERCISE B

5. Uncle Jay 11. On a tour of the East last Summer, we visit-

6. Death in the Afternoon ed the restored Capital of colonial Virginia,
7. Mayor-elect Gonzalez Williamsburg, which is also the home of
8. FBI William and Mary college, the second-
9. my aunt Cecilia oldest institution of higher learning in the
10. The Sun Also Rises United States.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

11. NCAA 12. Tomas Acevedo, Jr., vice-president of our

12. the SAT
class, is also president of our High School’s
13. C
chapter of the national honor society.
14. my dad
15. Senator Wilkins
13. Most Juniors take English, social studies III,
16. Of Mice and Men and a course in Science.
17. “Life Is Sweet at Kumansenu” 14. My Mother had asked me to meet her and
18. T. S. Eliot aunt Esperanza for lunch at Koster’s restau-
19. C rant on Roosevelt boulevard.
20. Mrs. President 15. Driving West from eastern Colorado, we
21. “Ode to a Nightingale”
were nearly blinded by the setting Sun
22. the comic strip Peanuts
before it dropped behind the distant Rocky
23. Grandpa Ralph
Mountains.
24. Ms. Stevens, a school principal
25. Eric’s cousin Tom Review B: Using Capital Letters, p. 219
EXERCISE A
Review A: Using Capital Letters, p. 218
1. written in greek written in Greek
EXERCISE A
1. one of my aunts one of my Aunts 2. our Algebra class our algebra class

2. an Italian shoe an italian shoe 3. on Fifty-second Street

on Fifty-Second Street
3. my history book my History book
4. a jar of Mother Nature Grape Jelly
4. in Ferncliff hall in Ferncliff Hall
a jar of Mother Nature grape jelly
5. a Cherokee Village a Cherokee village
5. Dr. Martin Luther King, jr.
6. in the Northern part of England
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
in the northern part of England
6. the principal of the school
7. an ex-President of the United States
the Principal of the school
an Ex-President of the United States
8. just West of the city just west of the city

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7. during the Bronze Age 3. Suez canal Suez Canal

during the Bronze age 4. written in Latin written in latin
8. over Memorial Day weekend 5. a Navajo song a navajo song
over Memorial day weekend
6. Ex-President Bush ex-President Bush
9. Kelley’s Dancers On The Shore
7. the treaty of Ghent the Treaty of Ghent
Kelley’s Dancers on the Shore
8. Sepulveda Boulevard Sepulveda boulevard
10. the firm of Matts & son, Inc.
9. on Thirty-fourth Street
the firm of Matts & Son, Inc.
on Thirty-Fourth Street
EXERCISE B
10. Hansberry’s A Raisin In The Sun
11. On Columbus day, schools, banks, and
Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
many Business Offices will be closed, but
EXERCISE B
most stores will be open.
11. Chicago, located on lake Michigan, has one
12. Amy asked professor Morris about the time
of the world’s busiest Airports, the museum
he spent last Spring researching the tides of
of science and industry, and the art institute
the Pacific ocean.
of Chicago.
13. When questioned about her activities, the
12. His Grandfather Paul told us about his
witness claimed the protection of the fifth
experience during the second world war,
Amendment of the U.S. constitution.
including incidents from d-day and the
14. The Denver Film society sponsors the
battle of midway.
Denver international film festival each year
13. Last saturday my father and I went to
in october, along with the Denver jewish
Carbondale to visit Southern Illinois
film festival in the Summer.
University, where my brother is a
15. My Cousin hopes to go to a college in the
Sophomore majoring in Chemical
midwest; she has already applied to
Engineering.
Lawrence university in Appleton,
14. Tom O’grady, the Treasurer of Flynn &
Wisconsin, and to lake Forest college in
Weber, inc., once worked for the depart-
Lake Forest, Illinois.
ment of Commerce as an Accountant.
Review C: Using Capital Letters, p. 220
15. Did you know, mom, that Muslims, those
EXERCISE A
who practice the Religion of islam, fast dur-
1. East of Albuquerque east of Albuquerque
ing ramadan?
2. a teacher of history a teacher of History

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Chapter 13: Punctuation (End Marks

–237
.
10. Dr Greene, please come to the emergency
and Commas), pp. 221– room.
End Marks, p. 221
Abbreviations: Agencies, Organizations, and
EXERCISE A
Acronyms, p. 223
1. . . . them . 4. . . . trail?”
EXERCISE
2. . . . Tanya . 5. . . . me!” 1. PBS 11. RADA
3. . . . years . 2. NASA 12. MGM
EXERCISE B 3. ASCAP 13. FBI
Answers will vary. Sample answers are given.
4. IBM 14. MSU
6. Open your book to the review questions in
5. BART 15. MDT
chapter ten . 6. CD-ROM 16. ISBN
7. The cafeteria is serving chocolate cake for
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

dessert today . 7. USC 17. NAACP

8. I can hardly believe I won the contest! 8. CIA 18. CBS
9. Marta asked, “Will you sit with me at 9. IRA 19. PC
lunch?” 10. ASC 20. NEA
10. As the volleyball came over the net, Trish Abbreviations: Geographical Terms, p. 224
shouted, “I’ve got it!”
EXERCISE A
Abbreviations: Personal Names and Titles, 1. .
S Congress Ave .
p. 222 2. Washington, D.C.
EXERCISE A 3. 3069 Saratoga Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70808
.
1. The class is taught by Prof Glendon L . 4. Hamburg, Ger.
Hynes of Ferris State University.
5. Veracruz, Mex.
..
2. Sarah Chan, Ph D , is the author of a paper
6. Fargo, N.Dak.
on evolutionary biology.
3. The speaker at the dinner this evening will 7. 82 Charing Cross Rd., London, Eng.
.
be Gen Colin Powell. 8. Charleston, S.C.
..
4. The writers C S Lewis and J R R Tolkien ... 9. 48 Fulton St., New York, N.Y.
each wrote a series of fantasy novels. 10. P.O. Box 1158, Iowa City, IA 52240
.
5. Tony Carvello, Jr , keeps a picture of St . EXERCISE B
Augustine over his desk. Answers will vary. Sample responses are given.
EXERCISE B 11. 2235 Maple Rd., Durant, OK 74708
.
6. Dr Nicholas Sabato demonstrated the new 12. 128 E. Carroll Ave., Richmond, VA 23285
surgical technique. (or Nicholas Sabato, 13. 4813 Bishop Blvd., Milwaukee, WI 53201
..
M D ) 14. 95 N. Fifty-fourth St., Washington, DC
20037
7. Senator Hutchison of Texas cast the decid-
15. 5739 Phillips Dr., Inwood, WV 25428
ing vote.
Abbreviations: Time and Units of Measure,
8. The winners are Franklin K Mfume and . p. 225
Natasha C Porter. . EXERCISE
9. Mr. Tannenbaum is here to see Senator 1. The Battle of Hastings took place in A .. D

Levin. 1066, didn’t it?

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2. The bus will be leaving today at 3:15 P . .,

M 7. The recipe requires the following ingre-
so don’t be late. dients: one teaspoon salt, one tablespoon
3. The first structures at Stonehenge were oregano, ten ounces tomato paste.
begun around 3100 B ..
C 10. The boards are all cut at 10 feet long, but
4. “The racing boat,” said Tony, “is 23 feet we can make them shorter if you like,
long and 8 feet wide.” .
Mr Jackson.

5. “In the fourth century B . .,” laughed the

C Commas with Items in a Series, p. 227
professor, “no one had a television.” EXERCISE A Optional commas are underscored.

6. Easter Island was probably first settled

,
1. Marcelo threw a long wobbly pass to the
halfback, who caught it in the end zone.
around A . . 400, scientists say.
D 2. C

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
7. How many yards long is a football field? 3. C
8. Mealtimes are at 7:00 A . ., 1:00 . ., and
M P M
, ,
4. Perry Melanie and Tony coaxed the wet ,
frightened cat into the carrier.
6:00 P ..
M
5. Neither the mail carrier the UPS ,
9. The epic poem Beowulf was probably com- ,
employee nor the police officer was able to
posed in the eighth century A ..
D get past the dog in the garage.

10. Please have the manuscript to me by Tuesday, EXERCISE B Optional commas are underscored.
6. C
September 12, 2009, at four o’clock P .
M.
,
7. George Washington Ulysses S. Grant and ,
Review of Abbreviations, p. 226 Dwight D. Eisenhower were three generals
EXERCISE who went on to become president of the
1. In 399 B . ., the philosopher Socrates was
C
United States.
8. Mara laughed out loud at the funny sus- ,
executed by the Athenians.
penseful book.
2. My mother’s sprained ankle is being treat- ,
9. The bicyclist crossed the finish line coasted
ed by Dr. Allan Kim. [or Allan Kim, M.D.] ,
to a stop and swung off the seat.

3. The president will speak to the nation at 10. C

8:00 P . . on January 15, 2009.

M Commas with Independent Clauses, p. 228
EXERCISE A
4. The artifact was found at a depth of six feet,
eight inches, at 7:14 A . . yesterday.
M
,
1. We got up late but we still had time for a
hearty breakfast.
5. We lived for a long time at 14 Moscow ,
2. Have you finished the test or do you need
Road, Hamilton Groves, Minnesota. a few more minutes?

6. Please address the package to Virginia

,
3. Wendel will look for Rafael and Susan will
try to find Eric.
.
Dunning, 1200 Tejas Ave , Lamar, TX 79723. 4. C
7. John Barre, Ph.D., has recently been hired 5. I had only an hour to get to the airport so I ,
by NASA. [or Dr. John Barre] threw my clothes into a paper bag.

. .
8. Ms Serena P Aguilar hails from El Paso,
Texas.

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EXERCISE B Commas with Introductory Elements, p. 230

Answers will vary. EXERCISE A
6. I wanted to rent the new Spike Lee movie , ,
1. Entering the store we were greeted by
huge crowds.
but it wasn’t available.
2. At the beginning of Raiders of the Lost Ark ,
7. The Salk vaccine prevents polio and should Indy outruns a rolling boulder.
be given to all children. ,
3. Rushing to answer the phone Lana tripped
8. I might go to the basketball game or I , over an electric cord.

might stay home and finish my report.

4. C [or On a clear day ],
9. Janine and Ruthie went to the concert
5. Nearly blinded by the whirling snow the ,
climbers sought shelter.
,
together and Coretta met them there. 6. While we were attending the concert we ,
10. Jamont called Mia and Mia passed the, ran into Maribeth and Tom.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

news to Chow. ,
7. Yes I want to compete in the tournament;
,
when you schedule it give me a call.
Commas with Nonessential Clauses and 8. In a church in the center of a small town in
Phrases, p. 229 ,
Mexico my parents were married.
EXERCISE A
9. As soon as we entered the exhibition we ,
1. E had to check our packages and cameras.
2. E 10. C

3. N—Uncle Ramón who is my mother’s, EXERCISE B

11. After the ringmaster completed his intro-
,
brother just bought a bowling alley.
,
duction the clowns began their show.
4. E ,
12. On the side of the mountain the climbers
5. N—Margaret Mead who was a disciple of , found a journal from a previous expedition.

,
Ruth Benedict was a noted anthropologist.
,
13. Gosh that’s the biggest pumpkin I’ve ever
seen.
EXERCISE B
14. C
,
6. Rosemary Casals who is known to many
,
,
Americans was a tennis player. 15. Rolling down the grassy hill the children
laughed and shouted.
7. C
8. C Commas with Interrupters, p. 231
,
9. Joe forgetting the stranger’s name stalled , EXERCISE A
,
1. Maine the largest of the New England
for time.
,
10. Parvis who plans to play in the golf tour-
,
states has a beautiful coastline.
,
nament is reading the NCAA rules. ,
2. Benjamin Franklin by the way also ,
,
11. Carlton coming around the corner was , invented bifocal lenses.
3. Would you like to play tennis or squash ,
shocked to discover someone in his seat.
,
12. Valentine’s Day which fell on Monday this
Juanita?
,
,
year was cold and rainy. 4. Kim has decided to major in nursing a
,
13. John sensing her disappointment agreed , course of study that will take five years.
, ,
5. Lake Tanganyika is I believe the world’s
to go to the movies anyway.
,
14. The audience having saved their applause
longest freshwater lake.
,
until the encore cheered for three minutes. 6. In 1935 George Gershwin wrote Porgy and
,
Bess a popular American folk opera.
15. C

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, ,
7. C [or My cousin Frank has signed up for a , ,
7. Paneok therefore keeps a sharp lookout
summer program at Mississippi State.] for objects on the ground.
, ,
8. Did you know Larry that lawrencium is
8. C
the name of a chemical element?
,
9. Yellow on the other hand is not an attrac- , 9. Soaring over the tundra she provides ,
tive color on me. many rural people with produce, and
10. The play was mediocre; we did however , , transportation.
enjoy the music and choreography.
EXERCISE B
,
10. Paneok loves to fly and the beauty of

,
11. Brendan are you coming to the dinner Alaska, and the needs of her fellow
tonight? Alaskans make the risk worthwhile.
,
12. Graham Greene the British novelist wrote , Conventional Uses of Commas, p. 233
screenplays for several films.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
EXERCISE A
,
13. Consequently the homecoming float will 1. Nora’s address is 140 Pomeroy Avenue ,
need to be redesigned. ,
Wichita KS 67208.
14. The ingredients for vegetarian chili include , 2. In 1797, Sojourner Truth was born a slave in
,
for instance green peppers, beans, and ,
Ulster County New York.
tomato sauce.
, ,
3. Teresa Catawba Ph.D. will be our guest ,
15. Listen to those coyotes howling Brett. ,
speaker on Friday January 12 2010. ,
Using Commas Correctly, p. 232 ,
4. My uncle Guillermo Savilla Rodrigues Jr. , ,
EXERCISE was born on 1 June 1976. [or My uncle
Optional commas are underscored.
Guillermo Savilla Rodrigues Jr. was born , ,
on 1 June 1976.]
1. One of the most dangerous assignments for
5. The poet Emily Dickinson died on May 15 ,
a pilot is flying over the cold barren , ,
1886 in Amherst Massachusetts.,
stretches of snow and ice north of the Arctic 6. Please forward my mail to 18 Clermont
Circle. ,
Street Haymarket VA 22069. ,
2. Ellen Paneok, an Inupiat pilot should , ,
7. In September 2011 I hope to enter the
University of New Hampshire.
know.
8. Last March we drove from Springfield ,
3. Even before she learned to drive a car , ,
Ohio to Starkville Mississippi. ,
Paneok was flying over the tundra far from ,
9. Odessa Washington M.D. has an office on ,
her hometown of Kotzebue. Oak Street in Downingtown.

,
4. Traveling in the Arctic a bush pilot must
,
10. On Wednesday May 3 2009, a new theater ,
opened at 4 Chestnut Street.
be alert to the dangers of fatigue vertigo , , EXERCISE B
and the northern lights. [11] January 7 2009 ,
5. Caught in dense fog or a snowstorm a , [12] Dear Lorraine ,
pilot can easily lose his or her bearings and ,
[13] The big exciting day is almost upon us.
,
[14] On February 14 2009, my family will be
become a victim of vertigo.
,
moving to Lancaster Pennsylvania. [15] You
,
6. Furthermore a pilot, who stares at the and I have been friends since August 2006, and
northern lights too long, can wind up I will miss you so much. [16] Will you promise
,
to write to me Lorraine? [17] My new address
buried in a snowbank. will be 1407 Tulane Avenue Lancaster PA , ,
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17601. [18] As soon as we get to the city I’ll , 7. . . . diner .

write you. 8. . . . been?”
[19] Your friend , 9. . . . car!”
[20] Geraldine 10. . . . issue?”
Review of Commas, p. 234 EXERCISE B
EXERCISE Optional commas are underscored. 11. Senator Chen of California serves on the
1. The sunlight through the leaves cast dark , committee that oversees the Corporation
trembling shadows on the ground. for Public Broadcasting.
2. I intended to enter my project in the county . .
12. Dr Martin Luther King, Jr , was born in
,
science fair but I couldn’t get it done by Atlanta, Georgia.
the deadline. 13. Dr. Billy Franklin may be reached at 3414
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

,
3. Say do you know my friend Leora? [or my Hill Crest Dr., Mobile, AL 36609. [or Billy
,
friend Leora?] Franklin, M.D.,]
4. Send the prize to Marcy Conlon M.D. , , 14. The AMA will be holding its annual con-
2500 Michigan Avenue Ann Arbor MI , , vention this year in Chicago, Illinois.
48107. 15. The Roman presence in Britain lasted from
5. C 55 B.C. to the early fifth century A . D.

6. His given name was John Humphrey Review B: Commas, p. 236

, ,
Marks Jr. but everybody knew him as EXERCISE
Jack. 1. She spent a week in Los Angeles ,
7. C California, but she did not visit Hollywood

,
8. J.R.R. Tolkien who wrote the fantasy trilo- or Beverly Hills.

,
gy The Lord of the Rings was born on Janu- 2. Although the patient announced that she
, ,
ary 3 1892 in Bloemfontein South Africa. , ,
felt well and strong her doctor insisted

9. As soon as he reached the top of the hill , that she stay in the hospital a little longer.

the exhausted hiker dropped his pack , 3. The essay contest is open to any student,
,
pulled off his boots and took a long nap who is taking an American history course.
under a tree. ,
4. No we have not heard from Mrs.
10. C Whittaker since she moved to Iowa City.

Review A: End Marks and Abbreviations, p. 235 ,

5. On a bright day in October walking in
EXERCISE A the autumn woods can be pleasant and
1. . . . haircut?” exhilarating.
2. . . . once!”
6. Crater Lake, which occupies the crater of a
3. . . . Juan . ,
dead volcano is known for its deep-blue
4. . . . council . color.
5. . . . it”?
6. . . . boulder! 7. C

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8. Having discussed the matter for several

2. She grew her flowers from seeds young ,
,
hours the committee finally decided to ,
seedlings and cuttings from my garden .
hold the spring prom on Saturday, May 27. 3. In June 2002 the offices of Nordair moved
9. When the machine finally broke down, we to Akron Ohio , .
,
called Mr. Smith the local electrician.
,
4. I’m not sure that a big shaggy sheepdog
would be my first choice as a pet .
10. I think, that you can find that information 5. He wanted to do well on the test so he ,
in our supplementary textbook, A History of carefully studied all the chapter reviews .
the Original Colonies, on page 76. ,
6. On Saturday 11 April 2005 my older sister ,
11. The tour guide expected us to bring, jack-
was married in Miami Florida , .
,
7. Jeremy who is my next-door neighbor ,
ets, raincoats, gloves, and extra shoes. wants to go to Connecticut College .
, ,

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
12. Senator Gutiérrez spoke eloquently but 8. When you finish reading that book may I
few of his colleagues were listening. borrow it?
,
9. No I’ve never seen a mockingbird; if you
13. The limerick, which is a light or humorous
,
spot one please point it out to me .
,
five-line verse is named after a county in
,
10. Irene hoping to get a job as a lifeguard ,
Ireland. took the Red Cross senior lifesaving
14. Chief Tecumseh of the Shawnee argued that course .
the land belonged to everyone, and could EXERCISE B Optional commas are underscored.

not be bought and sold.

, .,
11. Is Harold P. Stockwell Jr still the treasur-
er of United Products?
15. C ,
12. Oskar while training for the regional meet ,
,
16. The handsome adventurous hero was dislocated his shoulder .
young and foolhardy.
13. After you return from vacation let’s get ,
together to plan the picnic .
,
17. No I doubt that either Kimiko or her sister 14. Their meatless meal consisted of macaroni
will attend the band concert tomorrow. ,
and cheese asparagus and a salad , .
,
18. Molly Pitcher whose real name was Mary 15. The afternoon sun filtered light through the
,
tall stately red cedars .
McCauly, won fame at the Battle of
,
16. Nick Nolte once an ironworker has ,
Monmouth in the Revolutionary War. become an acclaimed actor .
19. After our meeting in the conference room 17. Students who complete all their credits will
,
on the second floor we went directly to the graduate in May 2009 .
auditorium. 18. The plane from Casper Wyoming landed , ,
at noon .
20. Although most of the team protested the , ,
19. Ms. Chung who graduated from Purdue
franchise moved out of state. ,
University has recently joined our faculty .
Review C: Using End Marks and Commas , ,
20. On June 1 1982 Western Gas Company
Correctly, p. 237 opened a plant in Ames Iowa , .
EXERCISE A
Optional commas are underscored.
1. When the presentation was over Ella and ,
Bob met with the mayor.

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Chapter 14: Punctuation (Other Semicolons B, p. 239

–270
Marks of Punctuation), pp. 238– EXERCISE
1. I lent him The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, by
Semicolons A, p. 238
Mark Twain; Call of the Wild, by Jack
EXERCISE London; and Their Eyes Were Watching God,
1. One side was willing to negotiate; however, by Zora Neale Hurston.
the other side refused.
2. The hailstones, which were the size of mar-
2. Ms. Kyung is a fantastic teacher; that is, bles, fell for at least five minutes; but still,
she’s my favorite. despite the chance of damage to the floats,
3. Adjust the dial carefully; the mechanism is they did not cancel the parade.
sensitive. 3. Mr. Magruder, the engineer; Ms.
4. Guadalupe ran toward home plate; her run Lipscombe, the sheriff; Mr. Jones, the
tied the game. pastor; and Ms. Blank, the secretary, were
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

5. I was disappointed in the play; in other all suspects.

words, it was terrible. 4. The frog, whose name is Steve, likes to
6. The novel is set in my hometown; indeed, I swim, dive, and float; but, as you know, he
recognized several places. also frequently hides inside the small,
7. That shrub has a strong scent; it smells like plastic castle.
grape drink. 5. I have blue, green, and black socks; but I
8. Kelly wanted a better job; as a result, she don’t have any maroon, gold, or rust ones.
started polishing her résumé. 6. Aunt Bea, who loves photography, has pic-
9. We were all bored to tears; nevertheless, we tures of deer, antelope, and other wild
kept working. beasts; but she has never photographed a
lion, tiger, or bear.
10. The fax machine beeped; the computers
buzzed; the phones jangled. 7. Virginia, who wants to be a doctor, has
been studying hard; but, in my opinion,
11. My grandfather was a code talker during
Mark, her brother, studies even harder.
WWII; in fact, he got a medal for his work.
8. I have visited Paris, Texas; Paris, Idaho;
12. Turn up the television; the news is on.
Paris, Kentucky; and Paris, Illinois.
13. The film broke; the audience groaned in
9. Cyrus mowed the grass, raked the leaves,
disappointment.
fertilized the flower beds, and watered the
14. The play’s cast was frightened; even so, plants; and he also made chicken soup for
they put on a good performance. Maddie, who had been feeling ill.
15. Bring us our check, please; we’d like to go. 10. I felt immense relief when I finished the
16. The dog lay down in the sun for a nap; the exercise, which had taken hours to com-
cat joined him soon after. plete; but much to my dismay, there was
17. Carl bumped the glass with his elbow; the yet more to be done.
glass hit the floor; milk sprayed in all direc-
Semicolons C, p. 240
tions.
EXERCISE
18. Today is Mara’s birthday; therefore, she 1. The Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary in India
gets to pick the video. attracts cranes, ducks, pelicans, ibises, and
19. I read the book; I was not impressed. storks; and the Rann of Kachchh, a vast
20. Please set the table; it is time to eat. Indian salt marsh, is the nesting ground of
flamingos.
2. C

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3. A variety of ethnic groups can be found in tem developed by the Iroquois Confederacy,
Gujarat; indeed, the region includes Indic, as were many of the democratic principles
Dravidian, and aboriginal peoples. which were incorporated into the Consti-
4. Hinduism is prevalent; however, Islam, tution itself.”
Jainism, and Zoroastrianism are also
Colons B, p. 242
practiced.
EXERCISE
5. Staple food crops include wheat, millet, and 1. Mary remembered that we had already
rice; and cash crops include cotton, read Luke 1:1–7.
peanuts, and oilseeds.
2. I just finished Undaunted Courage: Meri-
6. Gujarat is also famous for art and craft wether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the
products; in fact, craft guilds are among its Opening of the American West.
most important cultural institutions.
3. Since I didn’t know the editor’s name, I
7. The history of Gujarat dates from around began the letter by writing, “To Whom It

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
250 B.C.; that is, the known history dates May Concern: Thank you for accepting my
from that time. poem for publication.”
8. C 4. Class begins promptly at 7:45.
9. The Gujarati language is derived from 5. Have you seen the new movie entitled Star
Sanskrit; it was the first language of Battle 8: The Return of the Mutants?
Mohandas Gandhi.
6. I had gotten as far as Genesis 2:6 when I fell
10. The places in India I would most like to asleep.
visit include the Rann of Kachchh, in the
7. “Dear Mr. Traub: Thank you for sending
state of Gujarat; Srinaigar, in the state of
my refund check,” was how I opened the
Kashmir; Varanasi, in the state of Uttar
letter.
Pradesh; and Dharmsala, in the state of
Himachal Pradesh. 8. Priscilla wakes between 6:00 and 6:05 each
morning and begins her day by reading a
Colons A, p. 241 few pages of Go Get Them: Your Guide to
EXERCISE Success in Business.
1. This confederacy became a formidable 9. Read Proverbs 1:1–8 and then decide.
power: By 1750, it consisted of approxi-
10. I began with “Dear Sir or Madam: I am
mately fifteen thousand people.
interested in working in Spain this sum-
2. The Iroquois Constitution, regarded as the mer.”
oldest living constitution, provides for the
following: equal voice for member tribes, a Colons C, p. 243
system of checks and balances, and reli- EXERCISE A
gious and political freedom. 1. Please bring the following items to the
3. The constitution also grants considerable screening: a notebook, fresh paper, and two
power to women: “Women shall be consid- pencils.
ered the progenitors of the Nation. They 2. The plane was scheduled to depart from
shall own the land and the soil.” O’Hare Airport at 10:42.
4. Leaders of the original U.S. colonies studied 3. The exam will cover unit materials as fol-
the Iroquois Constitution: They studied its lows: Chapters 8, 9, and 10.
democratic and federalist principles. 4. Her book was titled Charles Drew: Pioneer in
5. In 1988, Congress passed a resolution that Health and Medicine.
stated the following: “The confederation of 5. The Biblical reference of the rabbi’s talk was
the original Thirteen Colonies into one Joshua 14:1–15.
republic was influenced by the political sys-

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6. The guide’s instructions were explicit: Stay EXERCISE B

with the group and walk slowly. 6. C 8. C 10. C
7. If the bus is on time, Pierre should be home 7. IN 9. IN
by 10:30.
Dashes, p. 245
8. One reason for her success is evident: She’s
EXERCISE
willing to work long hours.
9. I enjoyed Mr. Coker’s article, “The Civil 1. You won’t believe what I heard^Yasmina
War: The States Divide.” was voted Homecoming Queen!
10. Take the following trains: the 4:22 from 2. Be careful^don’t slip on that ice.
Penn Station and the 5:07 from Newark.
3. Her kimono^one of the most beautiful
EXERCISE B
[11] Dear Ms. Rodrigues: things I’ve ever seen^featured a pattern that
reminded me of goldfish swimming
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

[12] After reviewing the manuscript for your

article, “Santa Fe: Yesterday and Today,” I am beneath the surface of a pond.
happy to inform you of the magazine’s interest
4. Nobody^least of all me^wanted to be the
in publishing your work. [13] I have one major
piece of feedback for you: What an informative, one to tell him he’d lost.
engaging article! [14] I would love to meet with 5. For her bouquet, she requested^at least I
you on Monday morning, around 9:45, to dis-
think she did^a mix of roses, petunias,
cuss a few minor changes. Let me know if this
time will be convenient for you. [15] You’ll daisies, and lilies.
need to bring: one copy of the manuscript, your 6. The Río Grande^known as the Río Bravo in
research notes, and your signed contract.
Mexico^ is the border between Texas and its
Yours truly,
neighbor to the south.
Melanie Fong
7. Pablo has mastered the major concepts of
Parentheses, p. 244
Chapter 3^ I think they include photosynthe-
EXERCISE A
1. Mark Twain is the pseudonym of Samuel sis and transpiration.
Langhorne Clemens (1835–1910). 8. Tito Puente^he’s my favorite Latin music
2. He is probably most famous for The percussionist^ produced more than 100
Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and The
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884). albums.

3. The young Samuel Clemens worked as a 9. To make my quiche recipe, you’ll have to
delivery boy, a grocery clerk, a blacksmith’s buy all the ingredients on the list^oh wait, it
helper, and a compositor for a newspaper
looks as though you’ve already got a few of
(the Hannibal Journal).
them.
4. For a time he wrote humorous travel letters
under another pseudonym (Thomas 10. Class, today you will complete the first two
Jefferson Snodgrass); in these he used mis- sections of^Paul, please wait until I finish
spellings and bad grammar for comic effect.
the instructions before you begin.
5. It wasn’t until the publication in 1865 of
“The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Brackets, p. 246
County” (a short story) that Clemens EXERCISE A
became famous as “Mark Twain.” 1. C 3. C 5. C
2. IN 4. IN

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EXERCISE B EXERCISE B
6. C 8. C 10. IN 6. In London, we saw Oscar Wilde’s play The
7. IN 9. C Importance of Being Earnest.
Parentheses, Dashes, and Brackets, p. 247 7. In Tokyo, I played one of the earliest com-
EXERCISE A puter games, Space Invaders.
1. P 3. B 5. P [or D]
2. D [or P] 4. D 8. At a cafe in Paris, I pretended to read the
French newspaper Le Monde.
EXERCISE B
Answers will vary. Sample responses are provided. 9. In Germany, we went to hear a perform-
6. Ten students—four seniors and six sopho- ance of Mozart’s Mass in C Minor.
mores—will work on the float for the 10. C
homecoming parade.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
7. Ms. Anderson assigned Chapter 4 (the chap- 11. Giuseppe Verdi’s most popular opera, Aïda,
ter about ancient Greece) to be read by Friday. was first performed in Cairo.
8. When I was in elementary school (about 12. Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali is a legend
seven years ago [1995]), I liked to roller
about a thirteenth-century leader in Mali.
skate.
9. When I was a little boy, my favorite book 13. In the summer Ramona likes to watch
was Wind in the Willows. (My favorite book reruns of I Love Lucy.
is now Pride and Prejudice.)
14. In the 1940’s, Langston Hughes wrote a col-
10. I am giving Mike a birthday gift—oh, I
must buy wrapping paper—today. umn for the New York Post in which a
character called Simple voiced the thoughts
Italics A, p. 248
of young black Americans.
EXERCISE A
Answers will vary. Sample responses are provided. 15. You should read the novel Woman
Students should use underlining for italics correctly Hollering Creek by Sandra Cisneros.
in their titles.
Italics B, p. 249
1. Star Wars, ET: The Extraterrestrial, Titanic,
EXERCISE
The Matrix, Galaxy Quest
1. The word care is derived from the Old
2. The Great Gatsby, The Old Man and the English word caru, meaning “sorrow.”
Sea, Animal Farm, Silas Marner, Great
2. Orient-Express was the name of a luxury
Expectations
train that ran between Paris and
3. The Four Seasons, Peter and the Wolf, Constantinople.
Celtic Twilight, The Phantom of the
3. I know that numeral looks like a 9, but
Opera, Cats
actually it is a 7.
4. Everybody Loves Raymond, Friends, Who
4. People often confuse the words imply and
Wants to be a Millionaire?, NOVA ,
infer.
Malcolm in the Middle
5. I spell my name with a k, not a c.
5. National Geographic, US News and World
6. The symbol  in the dictionary means
Report, Sports Illustrated, TV Guide, The
“derived from.”
New York Times

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7. The only Japanese word I remember is 6. Schubert died before finishing one of his
nekko, “cat.” greatest musical compositions; today it is
8. My aunt named her airplane Penelope. known as The Unfinished Symphony.

9. The price tag read $5. 7. The Spirit of St. Louis is the plane in which
Charles Lindbergh made the first nonstop
10. Mark Twain learned to navigate on the
solo flight from New York to Paris.
steamboat the Paul Jones.
8. The Spanish word alcalde means “mayor.”
11. Charles Lindbergh’s airplane was named
the Spirit of St. Louis. 9. In Italian the vowel i is pronounced like the
English letters ee in the word see.
12. How many times did the speaker say um
during his talk? 10. The English word atlas comes from the
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

name of the Greek god who supported the

13. There are four i’s and four s’s in Mississippi.
heavens on his shoulders.
14. In the film business, the term trailer means
EXERCISE B
“a preview of a forthcoming film.”
11. I based my book, titled Land of the Free: The
15. We rode the train the City of New Orleans
Rights of Teenagers, on the Bill of Rights.
to Memphis.
12. My name is spelled with an n, as in Nancy.
16. I christen this ship the Endurance.
13. The name of Captain Ahab’s whaling ship
17. The French for “I don’t know what” is je ne
in the novel Moby-Dick is the Pequod.
sais quoi.
14. The French word for “yes” is spelled oui
18. Does the van in van Gogh start with a
but is pronounced like we.
capital v?
15. I named my cat Gatsby after the title char-
19. In Star Wars, Han Solo’s ship is the
acter in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby.
Millennium Falcon.
Quotation Marks A, p. 251
20. The answer has four 6’s in a row.
EXERCISE
Italics: Review, p. 250 1. “Are you staying late at the library again?”
EXERCISE A asked Daniel.
1. Our neighbor, Kim Wong, was a contestant 2. “Your first responsibility,” the colonel told
on Jeopardy. her troops, “is to your country.”
3. Who said, “Let’s walk instead of riding in
2. Do you ever get the words to, too, and two
the car”?
confused? 4. “If you listen carefully,” remarked Dvori,
3. Composer Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote the “you can hear the sound of the doves’
wings.”
music for Cats and The Phantom of the
5. “My days begin each dawn,” wrote the
Opera.
mountain climber, “when I awaken to the
4. The adjective jumbo is derived from the loneliness that crowds my soul.”
Gullah word jamba, meaning “elephant.” 6. “Encore!” shouted the enthusiastic crowd.
5. The Philadelphia Inquirer is a morning 7. Pilar said, “My potato salad is the best”;
most of us agreed with her.
newspaper.

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8. “Are you finished,” asked Mrs. Traub, “or Quotation Marks: Review, p. 254
do you need more time?” EXERCISE
9. She writes, “I am having the time of my 1. Felipe cleared his throat and then said,
life”; she also says that she misses us. “Reading the Declaration of Independence
has given me a new understanding of my
10. In his speech, the mayor warned, “We
country’s history.”
must all do our part in preserving the
environment.” 2. Louisa was known as “Louloubelle” in her
home town.
Quotation Marks B, p. 252 3. According to the dictionary, the word
EXERCISE betroth derives from an Old English word,
“What did Steve give you for your treowth, meaning “truth.”
birthday?” asked Marcia. 4. Ms. Finch said that she had read an article
“A pet frog,” replied Greg, “and I named it titled “Dreams of Flying” that might inter-

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
after him.” est Dan.
“A frog named Steve?” asked Marcia. 5. When the pine cone fell onto the crown of
“What does Steve think about having a frog his head, Richard asked, “What was that?”
named after him?” she pondered. 6. My brother coined the term “slubberfritz”
“Well,” said Greg, “when I told him he to refer to anyone who leaves clothes lying
said, ‘Wow, that’s great!’” on the floor.
Quotation Marks C, p. 253 7.She could be heard humming the tune
“Greensleeves” while she worked.
EXERCISE
1. In W. B. Yeats’s poem “A Coat,” what does 8. “I will now read Sylvia Plath’s poem
the coat symbolize? ‘Mirror,’” declared Sophie.
2. Chapter 5, which is called “In the Woods,” 9. What did she mean when she said she felt
was pretty frightening. “woogie”?
3. According to my Spanish dictionary, the 10. “That,” said Manessa, “was the best work
word escudo means “shield.” I’ve ever done.”
4. Galen Rowell’s article “Along the High, Italics and Quotation Marks: Review, p. 255
Wide Sierra: The John Muir Trail” EXERCISE
appeared in National Geographic.
1. The passage that he quoted was from Ralph
5. Isn’t burrah sahib a Hindi phrase meaning
“a person of importance”? Waldo Emerson’s lecture “The American
6. “Hand me the ‘whatsamadoodle,’” said Scholar.”
Latanya. 2. Margaret Walker’s first book, For My
7. Modern dancers often talk about being People, included a tribute to grandmothers
“grounded,” a term that refers to the
dancer’s center of gravity. in a poem titled “Lineage.”
8. “I loved last night’s episode of Time Travels, 3. Barbara said to the librarian, “I’m looking
called ‘Alien Alert,’” said Todd. for a volume of short stories by Katherine
9. Chi wrote an article titled “Aprons Can Be Anne Porter.”
Fashionable.”
10. “Those shoes are really ‘fly,’” said Marcus’s 4. Jan told us that she had seen the article in
older brother, who still uses slang from the yesterday’s edition of the Daily News.
nineties. 5. The song “Maria” from the musical West
Side Story was very popular.

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6. My friend Corrine’s essay, “Terra Firma,” Apostrophes and the Possessive Case B, p. 258
appeared in the literary magazine Puerto EXERCISE
1. C
del Sol.
2. whose vote
7. Guillermo asked the clerk, “Do you know 3. its worth
if you have last month’s Scientific 4. C
American?” 5. nobody’s fault
8. “When you go to the library,” I said, 6. its fur
“remember to find out who wrote the line 7. Is that yours?
‘And now there came both mist and 8. C
snow.’ ” 9. her desk
10. somebody’s house
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

9. Dorotea said, “I believe you mispronounced

11. C
the word epitome.”
12. C
10. “Have you learned,” she asked, “who 13. one’s time
wrote ‘Beware the Jabberwock, my son!’?” 14. C
Ellipsis Points, p. 256 15. their eggs
EXERCISE 16. to each his own
1. Güler said, “I really enjoy ice-skating. . . .” 17. That is his.
2. Send your finest thoughts out into the 18. C
world. Let them beam . . . into the lives of 19. your book
others.
20. its food
3. The years of a tree are measured in rings
.......................... Apostrophes and the Possessive Case C, p. 259
The years of the human heart are measured EXERCISE A
in courage. 1. my only brother-in-law’s rock collection
4. Mr. Clayton called. . . . Call him back at 2. Medgar and Roth’s accounting firm
4:30. 3. the United Nations’ aid programs
5. Love . . . is often hard work. 4. a day’s work
5. the president-elect’s speech
Apostrophes and the Possessive Case A, p. 257
EXERCISE EXERCISE B
1. ostrich’s 11. men’s 6. FBI’s headquarters
2. Bob’s 12. dogs’ 7. Jorge and Terry’s favorite song
3. today’s 13. Philoctetes’ 8. her great-uncle’s photograph
4. oxen’s 14. deer’s 9. Emerson’s and Thoreau’s essays
5. books’ 15. writer’s 10. Chang, Johnson, and O’Reilly’s law office
6. theater’s 16. fish’s 11. five cents’ worth
7. people’s 17. bees’ 12. ex-mayor’s opinion
8. fields’ 18. house’s 13. Renoir’s and Picasso’s paintings
9. Cornelius’ 19. Hercules’ 14. one week’s pay
10. houses’ 20. Ross’s 15. Lydia’s and my science project

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Possessive Case: Review, p. 260 Apostrophes and Plurals, p. 262

EXERCISE EXERCISE
1. that area’s geographical regions 1. Most of the students made 80s
^ and 90s
^ on
2. anybody’s guess the last biology exam.
3. the CIA’s history
2. Davey, you need to learn that thank yous
^
4. men’s suits
sometimes have an almost magical effect.
5. Whose book is it?
6. Chris and Linda’s conversation 3. Akiro’s latest report card included three Ds.
^
7. Those poems are hers. 4. Grandmother Lee claims that 3s
^ and 7s
^ are
8. the three drummers’ shoes lucky numbers.
9. today’s weather forecast 5. Please write your s
^ and xs
^ more carefully
10. twelve months’ salary

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
so that I can tell them apart.
11. Socrates’ philosophy
6. Half dozing by the pool, Mr. Ferlinghetti
12. Its name is Toby.
listened with nostalgia to the Marcos
^ and
13. C
Polos
^ the children shouted as they played.
14. the rabbi’s writings [or the rabbis’ writings]
15. a town’s reputation 7. Does the phrase “mind your ps
^ and qs”
^
16. fifty cents’ worth have an equivalent in Finnish?
17. the governor-elect’s policies 8. Now that Janie knows how to write Xs
^ and
18. C Os,
^ you can teach her how to play tic-tac-
19. each one’s efforts toe.
20. C
9. In Spanish, ds
^ and ^ts are pronounced more
Apostrophes and Contractions, p. 261 softly than in English.
EXERCISE A
1. who’s 11. you’ll 10. Your next step is to write √s
^ in the appro-
2. they’re 12. he’s priate column.
3. I’d 13. you’re Contractions and Plurals: Review, p. 263
4. isn’t 14. couldn’t EXERCISE A
5. haven’t 15. o’clock 1. they’ll 6. she’ll
6. ’98 16. she’d 2. he’d 7. there’s
7. he’d 17. they’ve 3. won’t 8. can’t
8. who’s 18. I’m 4. you’d 9. didn’t
9. doesn’t 19. should’ve 5. it’s 10. where’s
10. let’s 20. wasn’t EXERCISE B
EXERCISE B 11. Its 16. They’re
21. their 24. It’s 12. Who’s 17. It’s
22. Who’s 25. They’re 13. You’re 18. Who’s
23. Your 14. They’re 19. Their
15. You’re 20. Whose

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EXERCISE C 19. Juanito, please try to make the top and bot-
8’s
21. This would be a perfect example of pen- tom parts of your 8s touch each other.
MTV’s
manship if all the ^is had been dotted. 20. What do you think about MTVs voter regis-
22. A chorus of yeas
^ was heard at the conclu- tration drives?
sion of the ambassador’s speech.
Hyphens A, p. 265
23. Scores of 6s
^ and 8s
^ were predominant in the EXERCISE A
data. 1. fifty-four
2. mid-September
24. Is your sister’s name spelled with one or
3. base-ball
two ^rs?
4. do not divide
25. Many third graders still confuse s
^ and s
^ 5. do not divide
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

when solving inequalities. 6. thirty-five

Apostrophes: Review, p. 264 7. in-sure
EXERCISE A 8. pre-October
1. dentists’ 6. OPEC’s 9. do not divide
2. Mr. Schertz’s 7. father-in-law’s 10. blue-bird
3. geese’s 8. M.D.’s 11. will-ing-ness
4. your 9. civilians’ 12. do not divide
5. anyone’s 10. Joneses’ 13. do not divide
EXERCISE B 14. fore-sight
weeks’ everyone’s 15. dan-ger-ous
11. In a few weeks time, everyones’ worries
16. do not divide
will be over.
Don’t their 17. gold-fish
12. Dont the twins understand that they’re
father’s 18. re-bate
fathers work is respected internationally?
Laughlins’ 19. co-zy
13. The Laughlins house is the only two-story 20. well-intentioned
structure on our block. EXERCISE B
please’s
14. Twenty pleases later, Mr. Abernathy gave in Students need give only one hyphenation for items
son’s [or sons’] 21, 22, and 25.
to his sons request to join the Little League
21. de-cid-ed 24. self-portrait
team.
Eliot’s Cummings’ 22. be-gin-ning 25. as-ton-ish-ing-ly
15. Both T. S. Eliot and E. E. Cummings’s
23. work
poems evoke unusual images in the mind.
children’s Hyphens B, p. 266
16. The childrens’ suffering has been somewhat
volunteers’ EXERCISE
alleviated by the fifteen volunteer’s efforts.
Someone’s whose 1. a tender^hearted man
17. Someones’ essay—who’s it is I can’t say—
2. one^fourth cup of water
is lying on the floor of the main corridor.
treasurer-elect’s 3. a storm in the mid^Atlantic
18. During the treasurer’s-elect speech, the
4. the new president^elect
club’s members listened attentively.
5. C

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6. a world^renowned tenor 3. C
7. one^third cup of rice 4. Nevada borders the following states,:
California, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, and
8. C Arizona.
9. a pro^Mexican statement 5. The reasons for her leaving are clear,: She is
overworked, underpaid, and bored.
10. C
EXERCISE B
11. thirty^four states Parentheses are acceptable in item 10.
12. post^World War II 6. The Impressionist art movement (see Chart
A [page 12] for a list of the major artists)
13. C
developed in reaction to the sentimentality
14. eighty^two years old of previous art.
7. I resent your implication that I had some-

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
15. a time^honored tradition
thing to do with—oh, you’re never going to
16. an anti^American slogan believe the truth anyway.
17. one^half teaspoon of salt 8. A. J. Foyt (born in 1935 in Houston, Texas)
was the first person to win the Indianapolis
18. C
500 four times.
19. a germ^infested bandage 9. The report stated, “In that year [1977]
20. sugar^free gum the town’s population increased 20
percent.”
Hyphens: Review, p. 267 10. Leon Hatcher—do you remember him from
EXERCISE high school?—was named Engineer of the
Answers will vary. Sample responses are provided. Year.
1. We were surprised at the barren-
Review B: Using Punctuation Correctly, p. 269
ness of the desert.
EXERCISE
2. He was a bit nervous; however, he had self-
1. a—the women’s hats
confidence.
2. c—either our car or yours
3. James Joyce is a well-known author.
3. c—doesn’t cross her t’s
4. When Jane stays up late studying, she calls
it “pulling an all-nighter.” 4. c—Gina is well liked by everyone.
5. Add one-half cup of flour to the bread batter. 5. b—Tamara borrowed the self-help book I
bought last week.
Review A: Using Punctuation Correctly, p. 268 6. b—the carton and its contents
EXERCISE A 7. a—Frank’s and my project
1. Jack was supposed to meet me at the sta-
8. c—softly packed snow
tion at noon,; he was fifteen minutes late,
however. 9. a—She can’t hear the speaker from this
distance.
2. Rainy days at camp were discouraging; [or
discouraging:] there was nowhere to go 10. b—Claude McKay (1890–1948) wrote
and almost nothing to do. poems about Harlem.

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Review C: Using Punctuation Correctly, p. 270 EXERCISE B

EXERCISE A 1. The Italian phrase la dolce vita translates as
After hearing the health teacher talk about the good life.
heart disease, Suzy told her friend Antonia, “I ^ ^
know I need to get more exercise.” 2. A movie was made about President John F.
“Same for me,” replied Antonia. “I usually Kennedy’s World War II experience aboard
don’t even want to walk from the car to the PT Boat 109.
mall entrance.”
3. The Rodgers and Hammerstein song^My
“What are we going to do about the situa-
tion?” asked Suzy. “We can’t start out running Favorite Things^ is from the movie The
a marathon.” Sound of Music.
“We’ve got to make changes gradually,” 4. Reading the chapter called Myth and the
Antonia suggested. ^
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

Modern World from Joseph Campbell’s

“Let’s start by taking a walk after school!” ^
exclaimed Suzy. book The Power of Myth will help you get
started on your essay.
5. Grandfather Daigle says that the Bible is the
greatest book ever written and that
Emerson’s Self-Reliance is the greatest essay
^ ^
ever composed.

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Chapter 15: Spelling, pp. 271-297 Prefixes, p. 274

Good Spelling Habits, p. 271 EXERCISE A
1. subatomic 6. malfunction
EXERCISE A
Answers may vary depending on the dictionary used. 2. ineligible 7. inconvenience
1. 3 5. 3 8. 5 3. midmorning 8. milliliter
2. 3 6. 3 9. 3 4. declassify 9. immobile
3. 3 7. 1 10. 2 5. unforgettable 10. bivalve
4. 3 EXERCISE B
11. unlikely
EXERCISE B
Answers may vary depending on the dictionary used. 12. displeased
11. cal | en | dar 13. recommends
12. par | al | lel 14. returned

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
13. et | i | quette 15. irreversible
14. prop | a | gan | da Suffixes A, p. 275
15. guar | an | tee EXERCISE A
ie and ei, p. 272 1. awkwardness 7. business [or
2. kindness busyness]
EXERCISE A
1. fiend 6. freight 3. awfully 8. accurately
2. review 7. height 4. persuasiveness 9. necessarily
3. deceive 8. chief 5. wearily 10. weirdness
4. neither 9. conscience 6. decidedly
5. heifer 10. society EXERCISE B
EXERCISE B
11. likeness
11. leisure 16. foreign 12. readily
12. beige 17. C 13. conscientiousness
13. conceited 18. C 14. constantly
14. neighbor 19. reign 15. willingness
15. brief 20. weirdest Suffixes B, p. 276
-cede, -ceed, and -sede, p. 273 EXERCISE A
EXERCISE A 1. futurist 6. arrangement
1. exceed 6. precede 2. realizes 7. adversary
2. intercede 7. succeed 3. emotive 8. truism
3. secede 8. concede 4. determination 9. continuous
4. proceed 9. recede 5. dated 10. apprenticeship
5. accede 10. antecede EXERCISE B
EXERCISE B 11. medicinal
11. C 12. expensive
12. C 13. nonsensical
13. succeeded 14. rehearsal
14. Proceed 15. concentration
15. C

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Suffixes C, p. 277 2. convoys 7. pastimes

EXERCISE A 3. Annas 8. derbies
1. ordinarily 6. injurious 4. suffixes 9. Mackintoshes
2. loneliness 7. payment 5. crutches 10. geniuses
3. joyful 8. playing
EXERCISE B
4. auxiliaries 9. quantifiable 11. professors; classes
5. shinier 10. marriage 12. attorneys; cases
EXERCISE B 13. strategies; moves
11. said 14. guarantees; boxes
12. parties 15. surprises; losses
13. verifying
Plurals B, p. 281
14. ecological
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

EXERCISE A
15. deployment
1. tornadoes 6. flamingos
Suffixes D, p. 278 2. trios 7. beliefs
EXERCISE A 3. calves 8. leaves
1. compelling 6. beginning 4. Guillermos 9. cellos
2. omitted 7. controlling 5. wharves 10. potatoes
3. appointment 8. designer
EXERCISE B
4. occurring 9. regrettable 11. scripts; yourselves
5. forfeiting 10. villainous 12. mottoes; safes
EXERCISE B 13. calves; buffalo [or buffaloes or buffalos]
11. referral 14. regretted 14. piccolos; scarves
12. exhausting 15. propeller 15. lives; echoes
13. planned
Plurals C, p. 282
Suffixes E, p. 279 EXERCISE A
EXERCISE A 1. beaches 6. telephones
1. manageable 6. prayer 2. tomatoes 7. videos
2. finally 7. stopping 3. companies 8. guesses
3. traced 8. occurred 4. parleys 9. contraltos
4. lifeless 9. noisily 5. lives 10. Antonios
5. plentiful 10. emptying
EXERCISE B
EXERCISE B 11. giraffes; wolves
11. player 14. preferred 12. candidates; parties
12. friendlier 15. denying 13. lunches; buses
13. noticeable 14. days; leaves
Note: For exercises on pages 347-354, plural forms 15. Stereos; systems
may vary according to the dictionary used. The most
common forms are given here. Plurals D, p. 283
EXERCISE A
Plurals A, p. 280
1. Sioux 6. deer
EXERCISE A
2. aircraft 7. fowl
1. inventors 6. dishes

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3. mice 8. salmon Plurals G, p. 286

4. women 9. Japanese EXERCISE A
5. scissors 10. lice 1. d’s 6. $s [or $’s]
2. 1600s [or 1600’s] 7. Qs [or Q’s]
EXERCISE B
11. feet 3. 3s [or 3’s] 8. oops’s
12. geese 4. ors [or or’s] 9. *s [or *’s]
13. spacecraft 5. uhs [or uh’s] 10. ?s [or ?’s]
14. Aztecs EXERCISE B
15. fish 11. 1200s [or 1200’s]; 1600s [or 1600’s]
12. *s [or *’s]; #s [or #’s]
Plurals E, p. 284
EXERCISE A
13. cannots [or cannot’s]; cannons [or cannon’s]
14. A’s; Bs [or B’s]

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
1. boathouses
2. post offices 15. 3s [or 3’s]; 8s [or 8’s]
3. spot-checks Plurals H, p. 287
4. daydreams EXERCISE
5. lipsticks 1. beliefs
6. African Americans 2. ponies
7. snowboards 3. radios
8. attorneys general [or attorney generals] 4. heroes
9. bird-watchers 5. calves
10. soapboxes 6. wishes
EXERCISE B 7. lunches
11. sisters-in-law; car pools 8. presidents-elect
12. landlords; houseplants 9. theories
13. basketballs; wastebaskets 10. women
14. notebooks; boardinghouses 11. mice
15. sea horses; shellfish 12. sisters-in-law

Plurals F, p. 285 13. potatoes

EXERCISE A 14. wives
1. synopses 6. ellipses 15. loyalties
2. stimuli 7. phenomena 16. eighty-year-olds
3. axes 8. syntheses 17. teeth
4. curricula 9. foci 18. laws of the land
5. nuclei 10. data 19. decoys
EXERCISE B 20. Japanese
11. antennae [or antennas]
Writing Numbers, p. 288
12. indexes [or indices] EXERCISE
13. criteria 1. six 6. C
14. oases 2. C 7. one hundred
15. octopuses [or octopi] 3. Twenty-five 8. C

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4. third 9. C Words Often Confused D, p. 292

5. eighty-eight 10. fourth EXERCISE
1. plain 11. then
Words Often Confused A, p. 289
2. than 12. strait
EXERCISE
3. personnel 13. Personal
1. all together 11. capital
4. quiet 14. principal
2. all ready 12. ascent
5. straight 15. plane
3. capital 13. borne
4. break 14. brakes 6. principle 16. stationery

5. alter 15. already 7. rout 17. route

6. all right 16. assent 8. stationary 18. quite
7. assent 17. All right 9. plain 19. straight
10. quite 20. than
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

8. altogether 18. born

9. born 19. capitol Words Often Confused E, p. 293
10. all together 20. altar EXERCISE
1. there 11. whether
Words Often Confused B, p. 290
2. whose 12. they’re
EXERCISE
1. councilor 11. complement 3. to 13. there’s
2. complement 12. council 4. waste 14. who’s
3. formerly 13. clothes 5. Theirs 15. your
4. course 14. counselor 6. weather 16. theirs
5. desert 15. ingenuous 7. their 17. whether
6. consul 16. coarse 8. too 18. Whose
7. ingenious 17. desert 9. waist 19. Too
8. course 18. compliment 10. you’re 20. You’re
9. dessert 19. formally Review A: Spelling Rules, p. 294
10. cloths 20. counsel EXERCISE A
1. desirable 11. silliness
Words Often Confused C, p. 291
2. precede 12. argument
EXERCISE
1. passed 11. loose 3. pitiful 13. proceed
2. miners 12. peace 4. supersede 14. weird
3. loose 13. lead 5. recommend 15. referred
4. morale 14. minor 6. keenness 16. definitely
5. It’s 15. it’s 7. beginning 17. pierce
6. lead 16. later 8. changeable 18. patrolling
7. piece 17. past 9. nineteen 19. achievement
8. its 18. lose 10. receipt 20. disappear
9. passed 19. peace EXERCISE B
10. latter 20. led 21. journeys
22. witches
23. gulfs
24. curios

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25. cupfuls Review C: Spelling Words Correctly, p. 296

26. pianos EXERCISE A
27. spoonfuls hopeless 1. careful, dryly, usually,
28. tragedies hopless
29. ten-year-olds deceive 2. decieve, niece, receipt,
30. buoys
height
31. sons-in-law
shield 3. confidential, sheild, ceiling,
32. flurries
easily
33. thieves
34. tomatoes speeches 4. speechs, science, guidance,
35. lenses useful

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
36. leaves proceed 5. precede, ticklish, playful,
37. lieutenant governors procede
38. waltzes
ninety 6. definitely, ninty, copies,
39. alumni
wolves
40. glasses
leader 7. awesome, leadder, precedes,
Review B: Words Often Confused, p. 295
either
EXERCISE
1. altogether misspell 8. mispell, leisure, supersede,
2. route readily
3. all ready; deserted seize 9. chief, cupfuls, sieze,
4. ascent; capitol sombreros
5. cloths
potatoes 10. monkeys, stories, potatos,
6. moral; principle
radios
7. plane
EXERCISE B
8. principal’s; morale You’re
9. ingenious 11. Your not going to run until later, Joanna.
passed
10. assent 12. We had past the house without noticing it.
11. your; it’s; loose C 13. Who is the principal of the school for the
12. complements; clothes hearing impaired?
13. whether too
14. Most golfers are to cautious to play during
14. personnel
a thunderstorm.
15. lose; minor plains
16. counsel 15. The grassy planes of the western states
17. You’re; stationery make excellent grazing land.
led
18. lead 16. The quarterback has lead his team to
19. borne victory again.
20. alter
17. Despite the bad weather, she refused to
alter
altar her plans.

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later stories
18. If you arrive latter than seven o’clock, you 7. He began writing children’s storys because,
may not get a seat. he said, “Children are the best readers of
waste
19. How much waist can be eliminated by genuine literature.”
then
these budget cuts? 8. He wrote stories in Yiddish and than
their
C 20. At the press conference, she formally supervised there translation into English.
including
announced her candidacy for governor. 9. Singer won many awards, includeing the

Review D: Spelling Words Correctly, p. 297 National Book Award and the Nobel Prize
EXERCISE A in literature, the most distinguished award
born receive
1. Isaac Bashevis Singer was borne in Poland a writer can recieve.
in 1904. 10. One of his stories, “Yentl, the Yeshiva Boy,”
starring
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

2. The son of a rabbi, Singer went to a reli- was made into a movie staring Barbra
hoping
gious school, hopeing at first to become a Streisand.
rabbi also. EXERCISE B
clothes
3. However, he left the rabbinical seminary in 11. She bought new cloths—a coat and two
journalist dresses—with her earnings.
Warsaw to become a journallist instead.
their
4. In 1935, Singer moved to the United States; 12. The girls are proud of they’re mother’s
there serialized success as a television broadcaster.
their, he wrote articles and serializzed
novels for New York’s Jewish Daily Forward. C 13. The first busload of students has already
C 5. This newspaper, like the paper for which arrived.
principal
Singer had written in Poland, was printed 14. What are your principle objections to our
in the Yiddish language. suggestion?
to
6. Singer wanted too write in Yiddish because C 15. She wisely counseled me to let bygones be
believed
he beleived an author should work in his bygones.
native language.

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Chapter 16: Correcting Common about “the goose that lays the golden eggs.”
Errors, pp. 298–333 F [10] A goose that lays golden eggs is
Sentence Fragments and Run-on Sentences A, found in stories from many of the world’s
p. 298 cultures.
EXERCISE
1. S 8. R 15. F Subject-Verb Agreement A, p. 300
2. R 9. F 16. F EXERCISE A
1. are 6. know
3. F 10. F 17. R
2. appeals 7. cook
4. F 11. S 18. S
3. look 8. Does
5. R 12. R 19. S
4. have 9. enjoys
6. S 13. F 20. R
5. is 10. eats
7. R 14. S

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
EXERCISE B
Sentence Fragments and Run-on Sentences B, runs
11. My job, unless I have a practice that run
p. 299
EXERCISE late, is to walk the dogs daily.
include
Sentences may vary slightly. 12. Whose responsibilities includes bathing the
R [1] Do you know any Norse mythol- dogs?
is
ogy? If you know the days of the week, you do. 13. Bathing the dogs are a shared responsibility
F [2] Two days are named for Norse in our house; we take turns.
gods: Wednesday was originally “Odin’s day”
14. The dogs like to go on long walks, but
and Thursday was “Thor’s day.” S is
unfortunately, one of them are not very well
[3] Saturday, however, is named after Saturn, a
trained.
Roman god. R [4] Folklore and mytholo- walks
15. While one dog walk by my side obediently,
gy have influenced common words as well. The
the other always pulls and strains on the
word panic comes from the Greek god Pan, who
leash.
played scary noises on his pipes. S
C 16. Surprisingly, our big dog—Teeny, the Great
[5] The word tantalizing originated from the
Dane—is content to do whatever she is
Greek king Tantalus, who was punished in
asked.
Hades by never being able to reach the water at
his feet or the fruit above his head. R 17. You’re not telling me that Tiger, your terrier,
causes
[6] The word titanic refers to the ancient Titans. cause any trouble?
These huge figures, according to classical 18. Believe me, Tiger is stronger than a lot of
are
mythology, ruled the universe before being dogs twice her size is!
deposed by Zeus. R [7] One word you 19. Tiger and Teeny, despite the difference in
get
may not know is protean, which comes from the size, really gets along very well.
name of a mythological god who could change
C 20. Many people are cautious around Teeny,
his shape. S [8] Can you guess what the
especially, but neither of these two dogs has
word means? R [9] Mythology and folk-
ever bitten anyone.
lore have also given us sayings, one of which is

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Subject-Verb Agreement B, p. 301 at the beach, three days in the mountains,

EXERCISE A and one day at the art museum.
1. C 6. C
4. Did the United States welcome (its, their)
2. needs 7. has
fiftieth state, Hawaii, in 1959 or 1960?
3. belong 8. C
4. Does 9. is 5. Anyone who has experience with sound or
5. enjoy 10. C lighting equipment should come to the
EXERCISE B backstage area if (he or she, they) would like
sleeps
11. Do you think she sleep late every morning? to help on this production.
work
12. Many students in my class works part-time, EXERCISE B

sometimes late into the evening. 6. The Hawaiian Islands, which make up the
their
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

state of Hawaii, are well-known for its natu-

13. What will she do when basketball practices
C ral beauty.
start?
7. Melissa, who is one of my oldest and best
14. I know she is saving for college, but I think
wants friends, is admired and liked by most of
she also want to buy a car. her [or our]
their peers.
15. The assembly will not begin until the last
C 8. When they were younger, Rhiannon and
class comes into the auditorium. their
wants Emrys didn’t like the names his or her par-
16. Only thirty-seven percent of the class want
ents had given them.
to go to Philadelphia for our senior trip.
9. I can’t wait for the news to come on
17. All of the coaches at our school, including it
C tonight; they should have a story about our
Coach Jackson, teach academic classes.
winning the district championship.
18. We might have to change our plans unless
has C 10. “Waste not, want not” is a saying my frugal
someone in the class have a sure-fire way
grandmother used almost every day; I
to raise money.
C don’t think I have to explain what it means.
19. The main attractions of the city are the his-
C 11. Harriet, alone among all the children in that
torical sites.
family, is determined to keep her room neat.
20. He returned his band uniform because the
were 12. Many of the participants did not mind
pants was too short. their
spending his or her time at the out-of-state
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement A, p. 302 tournament.
EXERCISE A
C 13. If she carefully reads the map, she should
1. One of the boys who was working on the
be able to use it to find her way out of the
scenery injured (his, their) thumb.
woods.
2. Students in Biology II will meet briefly after his or her
14. Every person in the room raised their hand
school to discuss (their, its) field trip.
when the teacher asked a question about
3. In (its, their) effort to please everyone, the the philosopher Socrates.
family members agreed to spend three days

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15. Either the tomato or the bell pepper plants 13. You’d better bring slacks; you’ll need (it,
themselves
reseed itself, I think. them) later this afternoon.

Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement B, p. 303 14. Neither Kristin nor Mattie can borrow (their,
EXERCISE her) parents’ car this Saturday.
1. Not one of the students in my class would 15. One of the horses had gotten out of
admit that (he or she, they) needed a tutor. (their, its) stall.
2. During the fire drill, students are expected 16. Both of these suits appear to fit well; do you
to leave (its, their) classrooms in an orderly like either of (it, them)?
manner.
17. I prefer the news on Channel 12, but I wish
3. Each of the teachers establishes (their, his or (they, it) didn’t come on so late at night.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
her) own homework policies.
18. Guadalupe and Marisa didn’t do as poorly
4. I think that the coupons were returned; did on the test as (she, they) originally thought.
you count (it, them) again?
19. Anyone who thinks that the United States
5. When the band brought home two trophies is the largest nation in the world doesn’t
from the state competition, the school had to know (their, his or her) geography very well.
make room in the display case for (it, them).
20. She didn’t like the author’s short stories as
6. Does everyone who is working on this much as she liked his novel, but she read a
experiment understand that (their, his or her) lot of (them, it) anyway.
lab notes will have to be turned in
Pronoun Forms A, p. 304
tomorrow?
EXERCISE A
7. If you want to buy that book, you’ll need 1. him 6. he
sixteen dollars and twelve cents; do you 2. we 7. whom
have (them, it), or do you need to borrow 3. her 8. I
some money? 4. whomever 9. them
5. he 10. we
8. Both Terrell and Dan are proud that (his,
EXERCISE B
their) fathers are in public service. me
11. The doctor showed my father and I the
9. Each of the neighbors has agreed to trim
X-rays of my knee.
(his or her, their) own trees.
C 12. Do you know who is driving to the regional
10. Please ask those women if one of them has
track meet?
forgotten (their, her) coat. us
13. I hope you’ll invite some of we new stu-
11. Ed makes tasty chicken and dumplings; I
dents to join the yearbook staff.
always eat two helpings of (them, it). I
14. My cousin Gary and me are going fishing
12. After the judge signed the summons, the
at the coast during spring break.
constable delivered (them, it) to the witness.

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S
15. We would prefer to do that ourselves, but 11. What Jerome and (me, I) intend to do with
him
we would not mind advice from he. all that string is a surprise.
she
16. Two students, Todd and her, were assigned 12. When the dog caught up with the little boy
OP
the most difficult chapters. and girl, it trotted next to (him and her, them).
Whoever
17. Whomever leaves the room last should turn 13. Are the brothers who own the appliance
PN
off the lights. repair shop (them, they)?
S
C18. Bring Krystal and me some lemonade when 14. (Her, She) and my sister have been best
you come back outside, please. friends since elementary school.
he
19. Sherry is a better singer than him. 15. Did your father write down the recipe for
whom OP
20. I’d like to apply for that internship; to who Matt and (her, she)?
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

should I send my application? 16. The author whose writing you enjoy most
PN
Pronoun Forms B, p. 305 is (who, whom)?
EXERCISE 17. Lisa, Mark, and Dieter are some of the peo-
S DO
1. (Who, Whom) will be bringing the refresh- ple (who, whom) I have invited to the party.
ments for the meeting? 18. The best dancer in the talent show was cer-
S PN
2. Whoa, (we, us) little kids need a chance to tainly either (he, him) or one of those twins.
IO
catch up with you! 19. Show Katerina and (me, I) the pictures from
3. Four of my friends, Kara, Michelle, Emma, your vacation.
A OP
and (her, she), will be working as camp 20. Brian sat between Ramona and (I, me).
counselors this summer.
Clear Pronoun Reference A, p. 306
4. Don’t forget to clean out Fluffy’s litter box EXERCISE
IO
after you give (her, she) the food. Sentences may vary slightly.
5. The first person in line for tickets was 1. The news report said that the blizzard had
PN paralyzed the state’s transportation systems.
(he, him).
2. Katherine began by asking the class rhetori-
6. My mother invited my younger brother’s cal questions to make the students feel
A
friends—Keith, Kevin, and (he, him)—to relaxed.
join us for supper. 3. The ranger talked to the young scout about
IO fire-making skills.
7. The drama teacher taught Carol and (I, me)
4. When Ira returned to the garage, he discov-
how to use a hammer correctly. ered that the plant had vanished.
8. Cecil didn’t see the nails in the middle of 5. Natalie’s family eats dinner together every
OP Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday.
the street, so he rode right over (they, them).
S 6. Eduardo called his parents before he went
9. I’m sure neither (himself, he) nor his father to Garrett’s house.
planned to spend an hour fixing the tires. 7. John pinches the bridge of his nose when
10. If my mother calls their parents, I’m sure he’s getting a headache.
DO
their parents will bring (they, them).

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8. My best friends and I think skating is the 3. had rung 8. gone

best way to spend a Friday night. 4. had written 9. wore
9. The invitation did not say whether we 5. have shrunk 10. seen
should bring anything to the surprise party.
EXERCISE B
10. The police officers told my grandparents has
not to tow the car to the body shop. [or The Leah had researched her subject at the library
told
police officers said they could not tow my for many days now. Yesterday, she tells me that
grandparents’ car to the body shop.] served
Harriet Tubman serves as a scout and a nurse
Clear Pronoun Reference B, p. 307 for the Union army during the Civil War. That
was
EXERCISE work is in addition to helping hundreds of
Sentences may vary slightly. slaves escape to freedom. Leah has organized
1. According to an article in this magazine, her information and notes on cards so that her

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
pasta dishes are both easy to make and will be
nutritious. report is easy to give.
2. So that she could get help crossing the Verb Forms B, p. 309
street, the girl reached up and took her EXERCISE
mother’s hand. 1. dug 11. worked
3. Kelly reconsidered her weekend plans 2. left 12. frozen
when my mother reminded her about her
3. set 13. met
homework.
4. lost 14. were
4. My neighbor Shelly considers jogging,
which she does every morning, to be a 5. bought 15. eaten
relaxing activity. 6. visited 16. driven
5. If Harold wants to get up at 5:30 A.M. and 7. blew 17. missed
work out for an hour before school, he’ll 8. eaten 18. spoke
have to go to bed at 9:30 P.M. to get eight 9. sought 19. tears
hours of sleep.
10. brought 20. built
6. The students in my history classroom like
to pull the desks into a circle. Comparative and Superlative Forms, p. 310
7. Neither of us wants to walk to school this EXERCISE A
morning; Dad doesn’t seem to understand 1. Which of the two dogs have you had
why. longer
longest?
8. Jim said that showering before going to the
gym doesn’t make sense. C 2. We can finish the job more quickly if we
9. The ad says that if you buy two half-gallons work together.
of milk, you get one free. most elegant
3. She has some of the elegantest clothes I’ve
10. Clarice returned to her desk after the
ever seen.
teacher gave her an award. [or The teacher more
returned to her desk after she gave Clarice 4. Of gold and platinum, which is most valu-
an award.] able?
more
Verb Forms A, p. 308 5. Of the two paintings, I like that one most.
EXERCISE A better
6. I performed my routine more better this
1. struck 6. gave
time than I did last time.
2. begun 7. broke

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C 7. All of the ripe strawberries have been 4. The curator showed us many remarkable
picked already. fossils while we were on a field trip to the
natural history museum.
C 8. Of the two dancers, she is certainly more
5. Because the windows were left open, the
graceful. floor got wet when the rain started.
C 9. I really doubt I could feel any more tired 6. The boy who was rowing the boat put
down his oar to feed the swan.
than I do now.
7. The old bicycle he found in the shed had
10. Of all the kittens in the litter, that one is the two flat tires.
cutest
cuter. 8. Sitting on a grassy hillside above the town,
EXERCISE B we watched the fireworks light up the night
warmer sky.
11. The water in the pool was more warmer
9. The flowers from my uncle’s garden will be
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

than the outside air.

beautiful in this vase.
12. Between a hurricane and a tornado, which 10. Wrapped in a warm bathrobe and sitting in
more
do you think is most dangerous? front of a blazing fire, I heard the blizzard
less howling outside.
13. Of my two brothers, Felipe is least patient.
easier Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers B, p. 312
14. Rupesh says that baseball is more easier to
EXERCISE
play than cricket is.
Sentences will vary.
15. The wrestler had won more trophies than 1. Searching through a dictionary, you can
anyone else
anyone. find numerous Latin roots.
best
16. Of all my teammates, Shelly is better at tak- 2. Stop and chat only if you have plenty of
time to get to class.
ing penalty kicks.
3. Parallel parking is required in order for you
C17. The angrier the child became, the calmer to complete the driving test.
his mother grew. 4. The school counselors who were helping us
18. The ruby in this display may be worth sign up for classes collected schedule
any other requests.
more than any gemstone in the exhibition.
5. After adding some fresh vegetables, Amy
19. Of all the poems she entered in the contest, cooked the stir-fry dish for a couple more
best
she felt sure that the sonnet was the better. minutes.

20. Both Raul and Clara have brown hair, but 6. To meet the requirements, we might need
darker to make a change in plans.
Clara’s is darkest.
7. The baseball player waved at the spectators
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers A, p. 311 while he was running toward home plate.
EXERCISE 8. The experienced campers found in the
Sentences will vary. woods several signs of animals that are
1. We are planning to go tomorrow to the car- rarely sighted.
nival we heard about. 9. Having practiced for weeks, the team did
2. The girl swam in the cold and refreshing well in the game.
waters of the spring creek. 10. While hiking in the high mountain mead-
3. We will make a delicious applesauce with ows, you should not miss the wildflowers
these apples that we bought at the roadside in full bloom.
stand.

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Correct Use of Modifiers A, p. 313 8. Few things taste better than cool water on a
EXERCISE hot day.
Sentences will vary. 9. My brother and I read about the violent ori-
1. That was certainly the more delightful of gin of the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific
the two movies that I watched this week- Ocean.
end. 10. Jane scored ninety-two percent on her
2. At that store I bought a wallet that is more report, the highest mark in the class.
expensive than my old one.
Standard Usage A, p. 315
3. Our plans are more definite now that we’ve
EXERCISE A
gotten our tickets.
1. May 6. anyone
4. One poem in that new poetry collection
2. that 7. effects
reminded me of an event in my own life.
3. Lying 8. an
5. The man who was carrying a bag of gro-

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
ceries stopped to pet a puppy. 4. This kind 9. among
6. The hours slipped by when Mary was con- 5. that 10. good
centrating hard on finishing the project. EXERCISE B
7. As we heard on the radio, the concert was 11. The student council hasn’t decided yet
canceled. where the meeting will be at.
8. The pumpkins in that field will be perfect is
for pie. 12. One reason the streets are so clean is
that
9. I want you to join us only if you think you because the people take pride in their
would enjoy the play. neighborhood.
10. The rescue team surveyed the raging river, C 13. Tranh is going to the local college, as his
which was rising out of its banks.
older sister did.
Correct Use of Modifiers B, p. 314
14. Since Cedric cannot join the new team,
EXERCISE besides
think of someone beside him to invite.
Sentences will vary.
1. A star chart will be quite helpful in learning 15. I was hoping that you would join us for
somewhere
the positions and names of the constella- lunch somewheres.
tions. well
16. Have you heard how good Jimmy per-
2. The bear tried to swat away the bees
buzzing angrily around its head. formed at the music contest?
3. Working late into the night, she finished the 17. He’s hiked in those mountains so many
doesn’t need a
costume for the play. times that he doesn’t need no map.
4. Between Rick and Dave, which boy can ought not to have
jump farther than the other?
18. You ought not to of brought your dog to

5. Dozens of stars that hadn’t been visible a the restaurant.

few minutes earlier appeared in the darken- C 19. This type of meal requires lots of prepara-
ing sky.
tion.
6. Last night, while I was playing chess with this
my brother, all the dogs in the neighbor- 20. Don’t you think this here car needs to go to
hood started howling. the shop?
7. Of all the cars you have tested, which was
least reliable?

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Standard Usage B, p. 316 7. At the u.s. capitol, you can tour the original
EXERCISE chambers of the supreme court.
Sentences will vary.
8. My brother’s friend max studied the paint-
1. If I drink a lot of water, I’ll feel all right in a
few minutes. ing american gothic.
2. She looked for her keys for several minutes, 9. Hey, mom, does aunt louisa live in kansas
but she couldn’t find them anywhere. city, kansas, or kansas city, missouri?
3. My mother and father have a family
business.
10. Most of my father’s family lives in the
4. The boy could hardly explain why he had south, but Aunt Jo lives in new england.
done that. EXERCISE B
5. Do you mean to imply that I ought to have [11] Rock-and-roll developed in the 1950s
left my dog at home?
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

and 1960s from the combination of many differ-

6. I wish Martina, whom I’ve known for sev-
ent american styles, especially Gospel music
eral years, wouldn’t act as though she’s
never met me. and Rhythm and Blues music. [12] These
7. The crew of the yacht congratulated them- forms, in turn, were developed in the united
selves on their victory. states by african Americans, from a tradition of
8. If we expect to be at the camp by sundown, Spirituals—hymns to god—from the south that
then we should hurry; we have a long way
dates back to before the civil war. [13] one
to go.
famous spiritual is the song “when the saints go
9. Quentin wanted to know whose jacket was
lying on the ground. marching in.” [14] Important musicians in the
10. Because he wants to learn Spanish, he early development of rock-and-roll include
bought some language tapes through the chuck berry, buddy holly, and the beatles.
Internet.
[15] The beatles especially had great success in
Capitalization A, p. 317 the late sixties, with such songs as “I want to
EXERCISE A hold your hand.” [16] Rock music has also
1. Would you prefer french or russian dress- been influenced by jazz, which grew out of
ing on your salad? another african american tradition. [17] you
2. Did you know that your mother’s uncle have probably heard of the jazz artists louis
charles was a roman catholic priest? armstrong and ella fitzgerald. [18] People all
3. The city council will dedicate the monu- around the world today listen to rock music.
ment at Bass drive and forty-seventh [19] In my Music class, i have studied many dif-
street. ferent types of music, such as reggae from
jamaica and polkas from eastern europe. [20] I
4. some of ellen’s family came from ireland in
have even enjoyed listening to some Classical
the eighteenth century.
[or Classical] music; so far, mozart is my favorite
5. “Meredith,” julie began, “will you lend me
composer.
the notes you took on the french revolution?”
6. My summer ends on august 12, when my
latin class begins.

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Capitalization B, p. 318 15. When you reach the intersection of

EXERCISE Reynolds avenue and Macon street, turn
1. Last Summer i went to the rodeo and live- East.
stock show at memorial coliseum. 16. Mary, an Architect who loves to study
2. Is majorca, one of the balearic islands, in the roman buildings, visited the flavian
mediterranean sea off the Coast of Spain? amphitheater.
3. Ryan’s full name is ryan merrill green II, 17. Congress established the united states
not jr.; he was named after his Grandfather. department of agriculture (usda) in 1862.
4. the senior class will hold its annual Class 18. Our Team, the hamilton hornets, beat the
dinner at the Graver hotel, which is madison high school meteors in the last few

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
downtown. seconds of the game.
5. My mother gave dad a dozen roses for 19. “Please call aunt Jane and ask her how to
valentine’s day. make irish soda bread,” mother said.
6. Baker, Beaton & Bettis, inc., is an old 20. When is a newly elected president’s family
accounting firm in our city; grandfather allowed to move into the white house?
Bettis was one of the founding partners.
Commas A, p. 319
7. The Capital City of germany is no longer EXERCISE
bonn, but berlin. Optional commas are underscored.

8. if my niece katie plays “Mary had a little 1. Diego^would you please give a copy of this
lamb” one more time, I think I’ll scream. announcement to Doug Rina Cathy and
^ ^ ^
9. Built during the great depression, Hoover Leighton?

dam is still an engineering marvel. 2. No although I wish I could join you at the
^
10. Did you see Mayor-Elect Simpson at the ballpark tomorrow^I told my father I would

opening day of the Legislative session? help him around the house.

11. Send your application to 447 Fifty-Fifth 3. She could call you tomorrow evening to
street, Calabash, south Carolina 33045. remind you^or you could just write yourself
a note.
12. The U.S. postal service issues commemora-
tive stamps; check your local Post Office. 4. On Thursday^Friday^and Saturday evenings^
the curtain will go up at eight o’clock^but
13. Every school child knows the names of
the Sunday performance begins earlier^at
Columbus’s Ships, the niña, the pinta, and
seven.
the santa maria.
5. Do you remember where you were and
14. “Ida,” Morgan asked, “Do you like new
what you were doing at midnight on
england clam chowder or manhattan clam
January 1^2000?
chowder?”
6. Antonio and Eduardo^my cousins on my
mother’s side^are coming to visit us.

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7. Still singing softly^she laid the baby in the 20. Unfortunately^Cindy^we can’t afford to fly
crib and covered him with a fine cotton to Los Angeles^so we’ll have to drive.
blanket. Commas B, p. 320
8. “Well boys you could just spend the whole EXERCISE
^ ^
day lying around eating popcorn and Optional commas are underscored.
^ ^
watching TV” Mom said with a certain [1] 412 Callahan St. Apt. 16
^ ^
edge to her voice. [2] Lemon Grove CA 99771
^
9. I have studied studied^and studied some [3] April 14 2009,
^ ^
more and now I think I’m really ready for Rittenberg’s Fine Clothing for Women
^
the test.
[4] 9490, Avenue C^10th Floor
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

10. “Did the woman who left these keys on the

[5] Donivan^WY, 87007
counter ever call?” asked the manager his
^ To Whom It May Concern:
brow furrowed with concern.
[6] I am returning almost everything, I
11. Bring sunscreen a hat and good sunglasses^
^ ^ ordered from your catalog last month and I am
or you might not have much fun on the hike. ^
writing to explain why. [7] In the past everyone
12. Take the elevator to the third floor turn ^
^ in my family, who has done business, with your
right go to the end of the hallway and turn
^ ^ company including my mother my three sisters
right again. ^ ^ ^
and my aunt has been pleased with the quality
^ ^
13. Mr. Caswell are the chairs that we need in cut and fit of the clothes. [8] However the items
^ ^
^
the storage room or in the closet? I recently received, were very disappointing.
14. The meeting in case you didn’t know^was [9] For example item no. 53007 the blue sweater
^ ^ ^ ^
canceled at the last minute. was missing three buttons. [10] Item no. 53008^
15. My great-grandmother who was born in the skirt which was supposed to match the
^ ^
Colorado at the end of the nineteenth sweater was a completely, different color.
^
century^knew how to ride a horse^rope cat- [11] The pants item no. 54433^were neither the
^
tle^fix fences^and mend a wagon wheel. size, nor the color, I ordered. [12] The only sat-
16. If you have a minute^I could use help with isfactory item in my entire order, was the soft
^
these math problems^especially the third one. luxurious sweat suit^which fits perfectly.

17. Meredith mailed the letter to 900 Congress [13] I was quite disappointed when I opened
Avenue^Suite 1400^Houston^TX 77002. the box, and looked at the clothes. [14] If your
company continues to cut corners you will lose
18. In that long^narrow building is the office of ^
my business. [15] In fact I had planned to order
Carol McGinnis^M.D. ^
a new suit but now I’m not sure, that I will.
19. Near the revolving door of the gigantic sky- ^
[16] Like many people these days I do not
scraper^Jerry paused to look at the face of ^
have money, to waste on return postage.
his battered^worn wristwatch.
[17] Your company^ I believe should reimburse
^

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me for this expense. [18] To return the items I 10. On Saturday morning I completed many
^
spent $14.33. chores I mowed the front and back yards,
[19] Please mail my refund to the address, trimmed all the hedges, including the one
above. by the driveway, and bundled up all the
newspapers that had been stacked in the
[20] Sincerely^
garage.
Martina Maniscalco
Quotation Marks with Other Punctuation A,
Semicolons and Colons, p. 321 p. 322
EXERCISE EXERCISE
1. My brother will not be able to join us 1. “Beth,” Harry said, “doesn’t want any
tomorrow, he has basketball practice [or watermelon.”
^
2. Our class read “A Day’s Wait,” a short

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
tomorrow].
story by Ernest Hemingway.
2. If you are going to the store this afternoon, 3. “It’s Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s, birthday
please pick up the following for me two tomorrow,” said Jane. “Are you going to
cans of Italian tomatoes, parsley, and a the parade?”
three-pound bag of white onions. 4. The verb abhor means “to detest.”
5. In an essay titled “What a Character!”
3. Maybe we should go to the Lincoln Theater,
Jason describes Dickens’s ability to create
the movie there doesn’t start until 7:45. interesting, believable characters.
4. She wanted to spend the afternoon at the 6. Rosa exclaimed, “Watch out for that tree!”
park,^ however, the weather did not cooperate. 7. “The Star-Spangled Banner” is the national
anthem of the United States.
5. Nan wrote out a list of supplies she needed
8. “Please turn to Poe’s poem ‘The Raven,’”
for school notebook paper, pens, pencils, a said Mr. Butler.
protractor, a three-ring binder, six spiral 9. “By the way,” remarked Li, “the car needs
notebooks, and a box of diskettes. to be washed.”
6. Last summer we drove to visit my uncle in 10. “Do you know who said, ‘A penny saved
is a penny earned’?” asked Veronica.
Charleston, West Virginia,^ my aunt in
Scotch Plains, New Jersey,^ and my grand- Quotation Marks with Other Punctuation B,
p. 323
parents in Jacksonville, Florida.
EXERCISE
7. We always leave a dish of water outside for [1] “Well, I like window tables, but a table in
the cats, one of them, unfortunately, will the back corner would be more private,” my
^
not drink from a dish. ?
sister said. [2] “Why don’t you decide.”
^
¶[3] “No,” I answered. “This is your favorite
8. Your mouth will feel a little sore this after-
noon please eat soft foods for the rest of the
^ restaurant. You decide.” ¶[4] My sister looked
day. up when she realized the hostess was tapping
9. My grandmother, who is almost eighty, is her foot impatiently. “Okay,” said my sister.
still very active she does all her own yard “A window table will be fine.” ¶[5] “It’s nice of
work, volunteers at the library, and is learn- you to treat me for my birthday,” I told my sis-
ing how to use the computer. ter as the hostess was leading us to our table.

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¶[6] “Order anything you like. Dinner is on 6. This winters^ coldest temperature was only
me,” my sister said. ¶[7] “What may I get you 25°F; its^ usually much colder in January.
?
to drink,” the waiter, who seemed to have 7. Hes^ never on time; you can always count
^
come out of nowhere, asked me. ¶[8] “Just on at least an hours^ delay.
water for me.” ¶[9] “I’ll have the lemon tea,” 8. Felicias^fathers^ family moved from
my sister replied. “Could you also bring us California to Massachusetts.
two spinach salads?” ¶[10] “I don’t want a
9. Phylliss favorite vegetables are carrots and
salad,” I put in quickly. [11] “I’d rather have ^
peas.
the pasta al dente.” ¶[12] “Do you know what
10. The crusts^too hard, and its difficult for a
al dente means?” asked my sister. “Al dente ^
‘ person with braces to chew.
means “cooked until firm”.’ ” ¶[13] “I know,” I
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

^
said. “That’s what I want.” ¶[14] “Okay, make 11. Doesnt^anyone in this class know someone

that one salad and one pasta al dente,” she said whos interested in geology?
^
to the waiter. [15] “My, you certainly are a 12. Lets^ unpack our clothes, get out the map,
picky eater.” ¶[16] “No,” I began through grit- and start exploring the citys sights.
^
ted teeth, “I am not a picky eater. [17] Didn’t 13. In the summers of 06
‘ ^ and 07,
^ he spent
you just say “You can order anything you hours at the pool every day.
^
like’?” I asked. ¶[18] “Yes, I did say that,” said 14. Whats^ the name of the dog that broke its
my sister, “but I just want you to enjoy your leash?
food.” ¶[19] “I know you do,” said I.
15. Isnt^it true that every writers^ dream is to be
[20] “Maybe I’ll try some of your salad, and
published?
you can try some of my pasta.”
16. The Katzes^restaurant wont^be open until
Apostrophes, p. 324 five oclock today.
^
EXERCISE
17. Its hard to read her writing because her ts
1. Theyll try to get a good nights rest first. ^ ^
^ ^ [or ts] look like ls [or ls] and her rs [or rs]
2. The days ^ ^
^ program includes workshops in look like ns [or ns].
the morning, lunch at twelve oclock, and a ^
^ 18. Martas and Janices horses saddles are hang-
general meeting in the afternoon. ^ ^ ^
ing in the tackroom.
3. Shouldnt^you try to call Bills and Bettys
^ ^ 19. Do you think shell find a shell she likes in
mothers? ^
the shop thats near the beach?
4. The grandchildrens names are Ella, Edna, ^
^ 20. Lets bring the refreshments; Ill ask Sara and
Everett, and Elliott; in that family, every- ^ ^
Lee to handle the decorations.
ones name begins with E.
^
Punctuation Review A, p. 325
5. The note my brother’s teacher had written on
EXERCISE A
his term paper read, “Youve used too many
^ 1. I can’t understand the contract; [or
howevers [or howevers]. Please revise.”
^ contract:] it has too many if ’s [or ifs], but’s

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[or buts], and wherefore’s [or wherefores] in balance of $1,426 in our account.
it. [5] Mark announced that the members would

2. We’ve built a house for the purple martins, discuss the following items, which were listed

but no birds have moved into it yet. on the meeting’s agenda: the cost of another
enlarger (the current one needs repairs), the
3. Kim asked, “Did Ms. Fletcher really say,
field trip to Crenshaw’s Art Gallery, and the
‘No homework this week’?”
club’s school-wide photo contest.
4. “Well, I’m not sure how to explain this,”
[6] Meredith Jones, Nicki Furth, and Cedric
Jan replied, “but I think he left at 4:30 P.M.”
Johnson volunteered to research current prices
5. On the shelf in the garage, you will find an for a new enlarger. [7] After volunteering,
old, rusty hammer. Cedric stood up and said, “My uncle owns a

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
EXERCISE B Dashes are acceptable in item 8. photo supply store. He’ll probably give us a
6. The painting Anatomy Lesson of Professor good deal.” [8] As for the field trip, a three-
Tulp was painted by Rembrandt
(1606–1669). fourths majority agreed that club members
7. My great-grandfather read to me the novel should meet in the school parking lot at 10:00
Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl. A.M. on Saturday. [9] Nicole’s parents have

8. The team’s captain (I can’t remember his offered to drive more cars, as needed.

name) knew that the statue was called The [10] The vice-president went over the rules
Thinker. for the photo contest: photos must be original
(either black-and-white or color shots are
9. “During the student-sponsored coat drive
acceptable), entrants must pay a fee ($1.00 per
[March 10–13], we collected 265 well-made
photo), and the club sponsors (Mr. Stefanik
coats.”
and Ms. Sedgwick) will screen all entries before
10. The man approached the ex-mayor with
the photos are displayed.
one goal—to ask her for an autograph.
Spelling A, p. 327
Punctuation Review B, p. 326
EXERCISE A
EXERCISE 1. moose
Answers may vary slightly. Optional commas are
2. waltzes
underscored.
3. Jacksons
[1] The Photography Club met on Tuesday, 4. attorneys general [or attorney generals]
March 14, 2009, at 4:30 P.M. in room 432. 5. formulas [or formulae]
[2] In the absence of the club’s president (Jessica 6. heroes
Farwell), Mark Combs (the vice-president) 7. bananas
called the meeting to order. [3] Mark asked the 8. loaves
members to sign in, and he announced that a 9. roofs
majority of the membership was present. 10. teeth
[4] According to the vice-president’s report of 11. pianos

the club’s finances, as of February 28 (the date 12. oxen

13. halves
of the most recent bank statement), we have a

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succeed
14. cacti [or cactuses] 2. Most athletes will tell you that to succede,
15. alumnae you need hard work and practice.
16. potatoes recognize
3. She didn’t reconize Marvin when she saw
17. Ph.D.’s Twelfth
him on 12th Avenue.
18. buzzes
4. He was more than happy to show us his
19. fox [or foxes] trophies
trophys.
20. runners-up misspelled
21. 3’s [or 3s] 5. My teachers say that mispelled words are
22. Nashes inexcusable.
23. sheep 6. After the performance we asked about the
accompaniment
24. deities singer’s accompanyment.
Fortunately
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

25. leaves
7. Fortunatly, although the traffic was terrible,
EXERCISE B
preferred we arrived on time.
26. My aunt’s puppies have always prefered mothers-in-law
8. Our conversation about our mother-in-laws
not to make mischief. peaceable
sisters-in-law was barely peacable.
27. How many sister-in-laws does the office salmon
9. She wasn’t able to catch either salmons or
manager have? trout
daily exceeded trouts.
28. Her dayly wage exceded Demetria’s expec-
10. I have exactly—and this is no exaggeration
tations. shelves
alumnae —one hundred books on my shelfs.
29. Gail’s fellow alumni also enjoyed the girls’ likelihood
11. The hotel lobby was, in all likelyhood, the
reunion.
believes most luxurious room he had ever seen.
30. The stunt pilot beleives in the value of good
12. In my experience, indexes can be very use-
judgment. references
conceded ful referrences.
31. Our team conceeded defeat after eight more business
13. In school we didn’t study busyness.
goals were scored. species
14. The staff had discovered five new specieses.
32. We postponed our plans because of our solos
argument 15. The drummers rehearsed their soloes for
arguement.
perceived hours.
33. Henry percieved that he had paid the full truly
price even though he had a coupon. 16. Didn’t you think that letter was truely
lovely
referred occurrence lovly?
34. Dr. Chan refered to a similar occurence. interceded
arrangements 17. My younger brother constantly interseded,
35. We called the hostel and made arrangments
accommodations making helpful comments every two or
for overnight accomodations.
three minutes.
Spelling B, p. 328
18. The greenish light above the swamp was a
EXERCISE phenomenon
completely dissatisfied phenomena we could not explain.
1. She was completly disatisfied with the serv- bookkeeper’s
received 19. The bookeeper’s formulae were quite
ice she recieved at the store.
complicated.

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too whether
20. A baseball game superseded my favorite 2. Carl waited to long to decide weather or
comedies
comedys. not to go.

Words Often Confused, p. 329 3. My whole family occasionally stays up late

all together
EXERCISE A to watch a movie altogether.
1. ascent 6. plane; then
4. One of the blades on these scissors isn’t
2. borne; its 7. principle straight
strait any longer.
3. personnel 8. There’s; waste compliments
4. passed; route 9. two; too 5. I need to learn to accept complements.
Ladies it’s privilege
5. morale 10. quite 6. Ladys and gentlemen, its my priviledge to
EXERCISE B introduce to you Dr. Marilyn Butcher.
Strait handkerchief
11. The Straight of Magellan is near the south- 7. The old man took a handkercheif from his

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
ern tip of South America. back pocket, wiped the sweat from his
morale forehead
12. After the cave-in, the moral of the miners forhead, and looked at the setting sun.
than tomatoes potatoes
was lower then it had been in months. 8. How many tomatos and potatos are here?
C altered
13. Karl was formerly with a big law firm, but 9. The house had been altared considerably
now he is in private practice. since he had last seen it.
latter
14. Of the two ideas, the later is the more 10. At the embassy’s holiday party, the guests
ingenious formally
ingenuous. waited to be formerly introduced to the
lose consul
15. Don’t loose the instructions, or we’ll never counsel.
stationary dessert
be able to assemble this stationery bike. 11. Do you want desert now or later?
lose
16. Did you know that our principal has her 12. Nelson, the only hiker who didn’t loose his
plane led
pilot’s license and keeps her plain at the head during the crisis, lead us out of the
private airport near Georgetown? woods.
assented ingenious
17. Although they ascented to the plan, we 13. Tonight he will explain his ingenuous plan
altogether councilors
could tell that they were not all together to the mayor and counselors.
mischievous
happy about it. 14. Is Garrett as mischieveous as his brothers
18. All right, now turn the wheel and ease off were when they were his age?
brake
the break—slowly! 15. We have been studying the meanings and
complimented origins suffixes prefixes
19. The counselor complemented him on the orgins of suffixs and prefixs.
clothes borne
cloths he wore to the interview. 16. The candidates have born a lot of criticism
piece
20. That peace of music is well-known, of during this campaign.
course two loaves
coarse, but I can’t remember its name. 17. Please put the too loafs of bread in the
then leaves
Spelling and Words Often Confused, p. 330 oven; than you should rake the leafs.
arguing lose
EXERCISE 18. If you start argueing again, I may loose my
fourth
1. My 4th-grade teacher retired last year; he temper, too!
retirement
plans to spend his retirment raising beagles.

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Sir
19. Don’t assume that a state’s largest city is [4] Dear sir or Madam:
its capital
also it’s capitol. [5] I’ve been a longtime fan of your granola
passed their their
20. As the hours past without any word from bars for many reasons: there taste, there fresh-
morale their
the missing ship, the moral of the sailors’ ness, and there nutritional value. [6] However,
families plummeted. I never would have imagined they would save
Review A: Usage, p. 331 my life—what a shock! [7] If you need to verify
EXERCISE A the following story, you can look up the news-
has her Bars
1. Each of the five girls have given their opin- paper story titled “Granola bars Win Bears’
ion on what the word quixotic means. Stamp of Approval” in the January 19 edition
Hilltown Gazette
2. Buddhists believe that following strict spiri- of The hilltown gazette. [8] The story, by the
is way, is also available on the Internet.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

tual and physical rules are the key to

National
achieving nirvana, a state of peacefulness. [9] During a vacation to Hiawatha national
their Forest fall
3. Few of the first women pilots had her abili- forest this Fall, my father, my sister, and I went
ties taken seriously. camping. [10] Of course, we took with us, a
granola bars
supply of Arthur’s [or Arthur’s] Granola Bars
4. One of the students in the Geography Club
his or her for the trip. [11] As we were hiking, we noticed
will win a prize for their map of the Middle among the trees They
shapes following us: among the trees, they
East. ^ frightened
his or her were black bears. [12] We were frightend, but
5. Everyone should know their American his-
we quickly assumed that they were attracted by
tory well enough to define “flapper.”
the smell of our granola bars. [13] After we
EXERCISE B
tossed the bars on the ground, the bears left us
Sentences may vary slightly.
alone.
6. This newspaper story said that an actor park ranger
who was riding a bicycle was hit by a car. [14] After we returned, the Park Ranger said,
7. Jimmy and he did not want anyone to read “You should be very careful when hiking.
sightings
the story they wrote last week.
“We’ve had many bear sitings this season. [15]
8. The grade I got on this math test tells me
Anyway, human food is not good for bears.
that I should have studied more thoroughly. Bears
bears usually eat small animals such as mice,
9. The pitcher who stood on the mound ; ;
waved to the crowd in the stands, which and squirrels, insects such as ants and grubs, or
^ ^
was clapping and cheering wildly. fruits, nuts, and roots.”. [16] We thought
10. In the kitchen, she and Jason carefully maybe you could put a warning on the label of
planned his vacation.
your packages that reads “Warning! [or :] Do
Review B: Mechanics, p. 332 not take these granola bars on a camping trip
EXERCISE into bear country!”. [17] Seriously, we mean
Answers may vary. Optional commas are under- compliment
this story as a complement to your product, not
scored.
Cunningham Lane as a criticism, and we hope you’ve enjoyed it.
[1] 109 cunningham lane dessert
Hilltown, MI [18] Next time, we’ll either pack our desert in
[2] Hilltown Mi 32333
an airtight container or leave it behind. [19]
[3] January 22, 2009

Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics: Language Skills Practice Answer Key 135
L09NAGUMA11_120-136.qxd 12/11/07 4:08 PM Page 136

Begun Conqueror
Thank’s for making such a great product. 6. Began by William the conqueror
Sincerely Tower of London
[20] Sincerly, (1027?–1087), the tower of london now
crown jewels
houses the Crown Jewels (crowns,
Al Dinte
scepters, and other treasures) and an
Review C: Usage and Mechanics, p. 333
amazing collection of armor and weapons.
EXERCISE Some answers may vary. Optional com- whose
mas are underscored. 7. Peter, who’s apartment is on the second
except were while he was
1. All of the students accept Rudy was able floor, saw the sleek, stylish car peering
neighborhood ’s Labor Day second-story ^
to attend the nieghborhoods labor day from his second story window.
doesn’t anything
celebration. 8. Although he dont know nothing about the
she written an Empire State Building
2. Henry and her had wrote a article for the history of the empire state building, he
an
school’s newspaper, The Paper Panther, but thinks it’s a inspiring building.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
submitted their too Sherlock Holmes Museum
they submited there article to late for publi- 9. There’s even a sherlock holmes museum
cation in next week’s edition. located at (as you fans of the great detective
is already Baker
3. Sally’s Super Sports are having a spectacu- will have all ready guessed) 221 B baker
fall In city’s Street
lar Fall sale. in fact, each one of the cities street. [or at—as . . . guessed—221]
England don’t
four franchise locations, including the origi- 10. “If you go to england,” Gena said, “Dont
Crosshill Mall
nal store in the crosshill mall, will stay open forget to see the Domesday Book, the first
landowners
until 10:00 P.M. throughout the weekend. official record of the land owners living in
England
4. The woman in charge of savings accounts england.”
Fairfield Bank spoke
at fairfield bank speaked to the woman
about her financial strategy.
are
5. All of the team members is eligible to win
the award; however, the reason Kathy will
that received fewer
probably win is because she recieved less
than anyone else
deductions on her test then anyone on the
team.

136 ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE | Fifth Course