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Lesson 2 - Task 5

Jainism originated in India around the same time as Buddhism. It was founded by Mahavira in the 5th century BCE. Like Buddhism, Jainism rejects the Vedic idea of a creator god and emphasizes nonviolence and compassion. Jainism spread from India to other parts of Asia and has influenced cultures through its teachings of nonviolence and ascetic practices.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
52 views

Lesson 2 - Task 5

Jainism originated in India around the same time as Buddhism. It was founded by Mahavira in the 5th century BCE. Like Buddhism, Jainism rejects the Vedic idea of a creator god and emphasizes nonviolence and compassion. Jainism spread from India to other parts of Asia and has influenced cultures through its teachings of nonviolence and ascetic practices.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WORLD RELIGION

TASK 5 :
PROCESSING

JESSY ANNE G. BRAVO


HUMSS11B1
INSTRUCTION: SUPPLY THE
MISSING RELEVANT INFORMATION
IN THE MATRIX BELOW.

Hinduism
Place of origin :

Hinduism is, major world religion


originating on the Indian
subcontinent and comprising several
and varied systems of philosophy,
belief, and ritual.

Hinduism is the world’s oldest religion, according to many scholars, with


roots and customs dating back more than 4,000 years. Today, with about
900 million followers, Hinduism is the third-largest religion behind
Christianity and Islam. Roughly 95 percent of the world’s Hindus live in
India. Because the religion has no specific founder, it’s difficult to trace its
origins and history. Hinduism is unique in that it’s not a single religion but
a compilation of many traditions and philosophies.

The birthplace of Hinduism is the Indus River Valley which runs


through northwest India into Pakistan. The Indus Valley
civilization, or "Harappan civilization" originated sometime
around 4,500-5,000 B.C.E. and reached its zenith between 2300
to 2000 BC.

JESSY ANNE G. BRAVO


HUMSS11B1
IMPACT OF GEOGRAPHICAL
FACTORS OF HINDUISM.

The classification of contemporary “world religions” into the two categories


of missionary religions (Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam) and religions
tied to specific lands (Hinduism, Judaism, Shinto, African Religions),
however, strained it may be, allows one to underscore the importance of
geography in understanding Hinduism. To begin to “map” and “explore”
the geography of Hinduism is to reckon with a vast “subcontinent.” For
this, interdisciplinary tools are available, beginning with those of the
geographer and the archaeologist; soon taking in the findings of linguists,
historians, historians of science, and of scholars of literature, religion, and
the arts; and then those of anthropologists and sociologists. As these
endeavors make clear, however, the mapping of South Asia is not just a
modern scholarly venture; it has also been done in some Hindu texts. We
thus can expect to find a reiterative quality to the geography of Hinduism,
not only across both disciplines and texts but across our efforts to table its
contents. Moreover, mappings of South Asia extend beyond the
subcontinent: cosmologically to the universe, and historically to periods of
a “greater India” and of a Hindu diaspora.

JESSY ANNE G. BRAVO


HUMSS11B1
IMPACT OF GEOGRAPHICAL
FACTORS OF HINDUISM.

Hinduism and Buddhism exerted an enormous influence on the


civilizations of Southeast Asia and contributed greatly to the
development of a written tradition in that area. About the beginning of
the Common Era, Indian merchants may have settled there, bringing
Brahmans and Buddhist monks with them.

The civilizations of Southeast Asia developed forms of Hinduism and


Buddhism that incorporated distinctive local features and in other
respects reflected local cultures, but the framework of their religious
life, at least in the upper classes, was largely Indian.

Hinduism reinforced a strict social hierarchy called a caste system that


made it nearly impossible for people to move outside of their social
station.

JESSY ANNE G. BRAVO


HUMSS11B1
HINDUISM EFFECTS ON ONE’S
WAY OF LIFE

Many people follow the teachings of Hinduism without actually


considering themselves to be Hindu by faith, including atheists.
Examples of this are the practices of yoga and meditation.

Hinduism has done more than influence the non-religious side of


society; it has influenced other religions as well. The religions of
Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, and many, many more have been
influenced by the faith. Buddhism was founded by the teachings of
Gautama Buddha, considered to be an incarnation of Lord Vishnu, a
major deity in Hinduism.

Hinduism and dharma tie in with karma, how a person lives his or her
life will affect their next life. Hindus believe that souls are reborn into
new bodies, called reincarnation.

Hinduism continues to thrive in modern-day India. Religion affects


everyday life and social interactions among people through the many
Hindu-inspired festivities, artistic works, and temples.

JESSY ANNE G. BRAVO


HUMSS11B1
PLACE OF ORIGIN

BUDDHISM
Buddhism arose in northeastern
India sometime between the late
6th century and the early 4th-
century BCE, a period of great
social change and intense
religious activity.

Buddhism, founded in the late 6th century B.C.E. by Siddhartha Gautama (the
"Buddha"), is an important religion in most of the countries of Asia. Buddhism has
assumed many different forms, but in each case there has been an attempt to
draw from the life experiences of the Buddha, his teachings, and the "spirit" or
"essence" of histeachings (called dhamma or dharma) as models for the religious
life. But, as a young man, he once went on a series of four chariot rides where he
first saw the more severe forms of human suffering: old age, illness, and death (a
corpse), as well as an ascetic renouncer.

The ravada school has compiled a sacred canon of early Buddhist teachings and
regulations that is called the Tripitaka. The Mahayana ("Greater Vehicle") branch
of schools began about the 1st century C.E.; Mahayanists are found today
especially in Korea, China, Japan, and Tibet. Mahayana schools, in general, utilize
texts called sutras, stressing that laypeople can also be good Buddhists, and that
there are other effective paths to Nirvana in addition to meditation—for instance,
the chanting and good works utilized in Pure Land. They believe that the Buddha
and all human beings have their origin in what is variously called Buddha Nature,
Buddha Mind, or Emptiness.
IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL
FACTORS OF BUDDHISM

The classification of contemporary “world


religions” into the two categories of missionary
religions (Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam)
and religions tied to specific lands (Hinduism,
Judaism, Shinto, African Religions), however,
strained it may be, allows one to underscore
the importance of geography in understanding
Hinduism. Due to the very fact that Buddhism
has been a significant factor in the history of
ideas, its nature, as well as its impact on
humanity, has been studied from different
disciplinary points of view.
The geography of Buddhism is like no other
religion in the world. Impact factor of Journal
of Geographical Research. The impact of
geographical factors on economic
development. The overall aim of our study was
to test the impact of geographical factors on
business failure in an urban context,
specifically in the Madrid metropolitan area.
This is the first study to quantify the impacts of
geographic factors and population density on
the daily COVID-19 spreading under the strict
lockdown policies of China. Buddhism is one
of the world’s largest religions and originated
2,500 years ago in India.
BUDDHISM EFFECTS TO ONE’S
WAY OF LIFE

Buddhism influences people in many ways. In the religion of Buddhism,


there is no god so there are no rules from God that they follow. There are
scriptures that have basic rules most of which came from the founder of
Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama. He was a Hindu prince, but once he saw
suffering he left his life behind in search of enlightenment. He was the first
person to reach it so he influenced others to be like him. Buddhists believe
that they will keep being reborn until they reach enlightenment and Nirvana.
Nirvana is their afterlife.

In Buddhism, you are always supposed to be positive and kind to others.


They say negative deeds take you farther away from nirvana. That influences
Buddhists to do good deeds. Religion is one of the largest factors that
influence human behavior.

Buddhism changed how communities were organized. It challenged social


hierarchy, created opportunities for women, and gave individuals of all
classes a role in spiritual practice. But as Buddhism changed each new
society it touched, so too did Buddhism change.
PLACE OF ORIGIN

JAINISM

Scholars of religion generally hold that


Jainism originated in the 7th–5th century
bce in the Ganges basin of eastern India,
the scene of intense religious speculation
and activity at that time.

Jainism, known in Sanskrit as जैन धर्म (Jain dharma), is an ancient Indian


religion. Jains take five main vows: ahiṃsā, Satya, asteya, brahmacharya, and
aparigraha. It has two major ancient sub-traditions, Digambaras, and
Śvētāmbaras, with different views on ascetic practices, gender, and which texts
can be considered canonical; both have mendicants supported by laypersons
(śrāvakas and śrāvikas). The Śvētāmbara tradition, in turn, has three
subtraditions: Mandirvāsī, Terapanthi, and Sthānakavasī.[1] The religion has
between four and five million followers, known as Jains, who reside mostly in
India.
JAINISM IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL
FACTORS

They became docile and this had a bad impact on political life. The rise of
Jainism had a great impact on contemporary religious and social life. This
religion preached the idea of social equality and thus broke the barriers of
caste and class. It promoted feelings of social unity.

India has been greatly influenced geographically by Jainism in Jainism has


had an effect out of all proportion to its size and distribution. During
Mahavira's lifetime, Jains remained confined to the area of modern Bihar
and those nearby territories where the teacher was known. Later on, his
eleven disciples and his followers succeeded in transmitting the Jain
religion to all geographic areas of India.

The Jain contribution to art and architecture is one noted in carvings and
design. Hilltops and secluded valleys are notable Jain locations for religious
structures. Perhaps the most dynamic creation of the Jains is the colossal
statue of Bahubali in Mysore. Considered a "sculptural wonder of the world",
the 57 foot statue was chiseled out of solid rock in the tenth century CE. It is
the site of a festival of pilgrims held there.
JAINISM EFFECTS TO ONE’S
WAY OF LIFE

Jainism helped a lot in the growth of charitable institutions. Its influence on


the kings and other people who were abiding. The kings created many caves
for the dwelling of the sages of different castes. They also distributed food
and clothes to the people.

It improves the spiritual state of the worshipper. The very act of worshipping
brings about spiritual purification - rather as going to the gym improves the
body. It can destroy bad karma attached to the soul. It provides a focus for
spiritual activity.

The focus of Jainism on non-violence (ahimsa), had a strong influence on


both Buddhism and Hinduism. This is seen in the Hindu tradition through
the gradual abandonment of animal sacrifices and increasing emphasis on
symbolic and devotional forms of worship in the temple.

Jainism has influenced and contributed to many artistic spheres in India,


such as painting, sculpture, and architecture.
PLACE OF ORIGIN

JUDAISM
The origins of Judaism date back more
than 3500 years. This religion is rooted
in the ancient near eastern region of
Canaan (which today constitutes Israel
and the Palestinian territories).
Judaism emerged from the beliefs and
practices of the people known as
“Israel”.

Judaism emerged from the beliefs and practices Judaism did not emerge until the
1st century CE. Judaism traces its origins to the covenant God made with
Abraham and his Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and the prophet Moses, who received
God’s Torah at Historically, Judaism went from being a religion practiced
primarily in and around the lands that are modern Israel up to the year 70 CE to
one practiced rabbinic Judaism and religious worship and education in
synagogues. It is based on the belief that Moses received God’s Torah in two
forms; Rabbinic Judaism is also based on the emergence of rabbi’s as leaders, the
stud
JUDAISM IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL
FACTORS

Judaism marked the beginning of a revolutionary idea that laid the


groundwork for social reform: humans have the ability and therefore the
responsibility to stop injustices in the world. The Jews were the first to
decide that it was their responsibility as the Chosen People to fight
against inequality in the world.

Judaism is a religion that imposes many practical commandments on its


believers, pertaining to all spheres of life. The book argues that Judaism
impacts human geography by shaping the environment and space of its
believers, thus creating a unique “Jewish geography.”

Throughout history, Jewish leaders -political and rabbinical -expressed


various attitudes toward territoriality and political aspirations for Jewish
independence. As Zionism and the return of Jews to the Land of Israel
became a real movement, those different attitudes had to confront a new
reality, in which Jewish history meets Jewish geography. This paper
discusses the encounter of a Jewish culture that developed under
Diaspora conditions with the new reality of Jewish territoriality and
sovereignty.
JUDAISM EFFECTS TO ONE’S
WAY OF LIFE.

Judaism has had a profound influence on Western civilization. As a result,


moral and ethical ideas developed by Judaism helped shape Western ideas
about law, morality, and social justice. Judaism influenced other areas of
Western civilization including religious belief, literature, and weekly
schedules.

Jewish dietary laws are known as kashrut, and food that is prepared
according to religious standards is deemed kosher. With the exception of
many followers of Reform Judaism, those in the Jewish community are
expected to avoid any meals or foods that are not considered to be kosher at
all times. Most dietary laws involve animal-based foods that are either
acceptable or unacceptable to eat. However, there are other rules regarding
eating meat and dairy products at the same time, the preparation of meals,
and the way an animal is slaughtered.

Prayer plays an important role in the everyday lives of those who practice
Judaism. The most traditional denomination, Orthodox Judaism, requires
followers to recite prayers three times per day, except for on Shabbat, a
weekly day of rest, when four prayers are to be recited. The exact prayers
that are used and the times of day when a follower prays to vary by
denomination. However, it's most common for readings from the Torah to
be used as prayers, and prayer usually occurs upon waking, after meals and
in the evening.
PLACE OF ORIGIN

CHRISTIANITY

Christianity originated with the ministry of Jesus, a Jewish teacher and healer who
proclaimed the imminent kingdom of God and was crucified c. The earliest followers of
Jesus were apocalyptic Jewish Christians. The inclusion of gentiles in the developing
early Christian Church caused a schism between Judaism and Jewish Christianity
during the first two centuries of the Christian Era. In 313, Emperor Constantine I issued
the Edict of Milan legalizing Christian worship. Christological debates about the human
and divine nature of Jesus consumed the Christian Church for two centuries, and seven
ecumenical councils were called to resolve these debates. In the early Middle Ages,
missionary activities spread Christianity towards the west among German peoples.
During the High Middle Ages, eastern and western Christianity grew apart, leading to
the East–West Schism of 1054. Since the Renaissance era, with colonialism inspired by
the Church, Christianity has expanded throughout the world.[1] Today there are more
than two billion Christians worldwide, and Christianity has become the world's largest
religion.[2] Within the last century, as the influence of Christianity has waned in the
West, it has rapidly grown in the East and the Global South; in China, South Korea and
much of sub-Saharan Africa.
CHRISTIANITY IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL
FACTORS

Another aspect of the relationship between religion and geography is


religious geography, in which geographical ideas are influenced by
religion, such as early map-making, and the biblical geography that
developed in the 16th century to identify places from the Bible. From the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the study of geography and religion
mainly focused on mapping the spread of Christianity (ecclesiastical
geography), though, in the latter half of the seventeenth century, the
influences and spread of other religions were also taken into account. At
its most basic, Christianity is the faith tradition that focuses on the figure
of Jesus Christ. Christianity is thus both a living tradition of faith and the
culture that the faith leaves behind.

As Christianity advanced throughout the world, cultures, and


civilizations changed for the better. Recognizing every person is created
in the image of God, Christians led the abolition of slavery in England
and America. Christians built churches, schools, orphanages, hospitals,
homeless shelters, and soup kitchens
CHRISTIANITY EFFECTS TO
ONE’S
WAY OF LIFE

Christianity affects the life of its followers physically, mentally, and


emotionally. Just by following simple rules and striving to live life as
Christ did. We all come short of our faith walk, but because of the love
Jesus has for us, we have a second chance to make it right. We aren't
perfect, but we want to achieve the awesome reward that comes when we
have lived a righteous life and obeyed God's commandments.

Worshipping God: We believe that God has called all people to worship
him. Worship happens on the Lord’s Day (Sunday, the first day of the
week when Jesus arose from the grave) but it is also intended to be a daily
way of life.

Christians live by many rules and an example of the life of Jesus. IN the
book of Exodus the "Ten Commandments" were established. These
commandments were God's laws. Many Christians today still live by these
rules. For example, one of the commandments are "Thou Shall not Kill."
This rule doesn't have to be physical, but verbal and maybe emotional. So
we all have killed somebody in so shape or form.
PLACE OF ORIGIN

ISLAM
Historically, Islam began in Arabia
in the Middle East. Now known as
Saudi Arabia, this is where the
prophet Muhammad was born,
raised, lived, and died.

The Qur’an also maintains that all individuals are responsible for their actions,
for which they will be judged by God, and so it provides guidelines for proper
behavior within the framework of a just and equitable society. At this time,
Mecca was a prosperous city whose wealth and influence were based on the
caravan trade and on the Ka‘ba, a shrine and a place of pilgrimage housing the
pagan deities then being worshipped by the Arabs. In Medina, Muhammad
continued to attract followers and, within a few years, Mecca had also largely
embraced Islam.
PLACE OF ORIGIN

ISLAM
Historically, Islam began in Arabia
in the Middle East. Now known as
Saudi Arabia, this is where the
prophet Muhammad was born,
raised, lived, and died.

The Qur’an also maintains that all individuals are responsible for their actions,
for which they will be judged by God, and so it provides guidelines for proper
behavior within the framework of a just and equitable society. At this time,
Mecca was a prosperous city whose wealth and influence were based on the
caravan trade and on the Ka‘ba, a shrine and a place of pilgrimage housing the
pagan deities then being worshipped by the Arabs. In Medina, Muhammad
continued to attract followers and, within a few years, Mecca had also largely
embraced Islam.
ISLAM IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS

Islam spread successfully among groups historically located in


agriculturally poor regions featuring few pockets of fertile land and in
countries characterized by unequal land endowments. It was in these
areas that the Islamic institutional arrangement proved appealing to the
indigenous populations.

Islam spread both via conquests and via the peaceful adoption of the
doctrine. Because our theory focuses on the economic conditions
conducive to the voluntary adoption of Islam, we concentrated on regions
outside the Muslim empires. Doing so allowed us to single out the role of
geography and trade and mitigate concerns related to the process of
conversion within Muslim empires arising from coercion, Arab migration,
and differential taxation.

Islamic explorers and scholars contributed new geographic knowledge of


the world and translated important Greek and Roman texts, thereby
preserving them

ISLAM EFFECTS TO ONE’S


WAY OF LIFE

As Islam spread across the Arabian Peninsula and later across North Africa
and the Middle East, it had an aggregating effect. The occupants of these
areas had been nomadic tribes for a very long time. Consequently, the belief
in many gods lends itself very readily to conflicting loyalties and competition
in politics. This had long been an impediment to peace or unification in many
areas into which Islam would spread. Another effect of the spread of Islam
was an increase in trade. Unlike early Christianity, Muslims were not
reluctant to engage in trade and profit; Muhammad himself was a merchant.
As new areas were drawn into the orbit of Islamic civilization, the new
religion provided merchants with a safe context for trade. Muslim jurists
called qadis were established to resolve disputes through the application of
sharia. Merchants were thus provided with a forum for making complaints
and having them resolved in a consistent and systematic way.
PLACE OF ORIGIN

CONFUCIANISM

Confucianism is a philosophy and


belief system from ancient China,
which laid the foundation for much
of Chinese culture. Confucius was a
philosopher and teacher who lived
from 551 to 479 B.C.E.

There is debate over if Confucianism is a religion. Confucianism is best


understood as an ethical guide to life and living with strong character. However,
there are temples of Confucianism, which are places where important
community and civic rituals happen. This debate remains unresolved and many
people refer to Confucianism as both a religion and a philosophy. The main idea
of Confucianism is the importance of having a good moral character, which can
then affect the world around that person through the idea of “cosmic harmony.”
If the emperor has moral perfection, his rule will be peaceful and benevolent.
Confucius believed in the importance of education in order to create this
virtuous character. He thought that people are essentially good yet may have
strayed from the appropriate forms of conduct. Rituals in Confucianism were
designed to bring about this respectful attitude and create a sense of community
within a group.
CONFUCIANISM IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS

Confucianism also became a big part of the educational system. So much so


that officials had to master Confucian principles in order to pass the civil
service exams for government employment. Because of this, Confucian ideas
influenced the Chinese government for centuries.

Confucianism remains one of the most influential philosophies in China.


During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu Di (reigned 141–87 B.C.E.) made
Confucianism the official state ideology. During this time, Confucius schools
were established to teach Confucian ethics. Confucianism existed alongside
Buddhism and Taoism for several centuries as one of the most important
Chinese religions.

Confucianism had an effect upon the landscape through its meticulous


attention to order. Through Confucian philosophy, a large governmental
bureaucracy was formed, designed to work harmoniously in order to serve the
hierarchy mandated by heaven. Such belief in an ordained order of society was
reflected in the organization of buildings and public works.
CONFUCIANISM EFFECT ON
ONE'S WAY OF LIFE

The sense of religious identity and common moral understanding at the


foundation of a society's central institutions. It is also what a Chinese
sociologist called a "diffused religion."

Its institutions were not a separate church, but those of society, family,
school, and state; its priests were not separate liturgical specialists, but
parents, teachers, and officials. Confucianism was part of the Chinese social
fabric and way of life; to Confucians, everyday life was the arena of religion.

Confucianism was the affirmation of accepted values and norms of behavior


in primary social institutions and basic human relationships.

Confucius is relevant to our lives today because his sayings relate directly to us
and how to live happier and more fulfilling lives. Confucius' teachings can give
us advice for how to live our lives and how to treat others. Confucius will
continue to impact our lives now and well into the future.
PLACE OF ORIGIN

TAOISM
Taoism (also spelled Daoism) is a
religion and a philosophy from
ancient China that has
influenced folk and national
belief. Taoism has been
connected to the philosopher
Lao Tzu, whom around 500
B.C.E. wrote the main book of
Taoism, the Tao Te Ching.

The Tao Te Ching, or “The Way and Its Power,” is a collection of poetry and
sayings from around the third and fourth centuries B.C.E. that guides Taoist
thought and actions. While the author is traditionally believed to be the
philosopher Lao Tzu, there is little evidence that Lao Tzu existed at all. Rather, the
Tao Te Ching is a gathering of earlier sayings from many authors. This book was
given an origin with the philosopher Lao Tzu for cultural and political reasons.
Lao Tzu is sometimes understood as the image of the Tao, or a god, and given
legendary status.
TAOISM IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS

Taoism significantly influenced Chinese culture from the Shang Dynasty


forward. The recognition that all things and all people are connected is
expressed in the development of the arts, which reflect the people's
understanding of their place in the universe and their obligation to each
other while Shinto was based on respect for the forces of nature and on the
worship of ancestors and the emperor. Worshipers believe in kami, which
are spirits found in nature. All parts of nature such as trees, rocks,
waterfalls, and mountains, could be the home of a kami.

Taoism was founded in sixth century CE by the philosopher Li Uhr,


commonly known as Lao Tze. Lao Tze is an honorific title meaning either
"Old Boy" or "Old Philosopher". Little trustworthy is written about the life of
Lao Tze, but the story is told how as Lao Tze was leaving public life as an old
man, he was stopped at the city gate and begged to leave behind his
wisdom. Lao Tze stopped long enough to write a document of 5,000
characters, now known as the Tao-Te Ching, and departed never to be heard
from again (Ballou, pp.
TAOISM EFFECTS TO ONE'S WAY
OF LIFE

"THE BEST WAY FOR A PERSON TO LIVE, ACCORDING TO TAOISM, IS


TO SUBMIT TO WHATEVER LIFE BRINGS AND BE FLEXIBLE. IF A
PERSON ADAPTS TO THE CHANGES IN LIFE EASILY, THAT PERSON
WILL BE HAPPY; IF A PERSON RESISTS THE CHANGES IN LIFE, THAT
PERSON WILL BE UNHAPPY."

Selflessness, equalitarianism, and psychological decentering. Taoism


disavows a hierarchical view of the self, society, or cosmos. Unlike
Confucianism, Taoism does not regard the self as an extension of and
defined by, social relationships. Rather, the self is but one of the countless
manifestations of the Tao

Taoism requires human beings to be humble and recognize that not only are
they not obliged to make the world a better place, but they are also actually
so ignorant of what is really happening that they are likely to make things
worse if they do take action
PLACE OF ORIGIN

SHINTOISM
Shinto (Japanese, "the way of the
gods"), Japanese cult and
religion, originating in
prehistoric times, and occupying
an important national position
for long periods in the history of
Japan, particularly in recent
times.

In the late 6th century AD the name Shinto was created for the native religion to
distinguish it from Buddhism and Confucianism, which had been introduced
from China. Beginning in the 18th century, Shinto was revived as an important
national religion through the writings and teachings of a succession of notable
scholars, including Mabuchi, Motoori Norinaga, and Hirata Atsutane. Related
beliefs included the doctrines that the Japanese were superior to other peoples
because of their descent from the gods, and that the emperor was destined to
rule over the entire world.
SHINTOISM IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS

Shinto was founded around 2,500 years ago as a mixture of many tribal
religions, each having had its own kami or god. Shinto is a system of faith and
a body of folkways, festivals, myths, ancient writings, and cultural attitudes
related to the kami.

Shintoists believe in the sacredness of the whole universe and that man can be
in tune with this sacredness. Every mountain, river, plant, beast, and all the
diverse phenomena of heaven and earth have presiding spirits or kami.
Reverence is paid to the ancestors. Shinto has no creed, ethical doctrine, a
sacred book, philosophy, or theology of any kind. Its theory of human duty is
to follow your natural impulses and obey the laws of the state.

There are over 110,000 Shinto shrines and temples for the kami in Japan.
Many Japanese homes may have small shrines within called kami-dana.
Adherents are expected to visit these shrines at various life cycle events. The
Meiji Shrine located in Tokyo and dedicated to Emperor Meiji is visited by 3
million people at New Year. The mountainous terrain of Japan has had a
major effect on the Japanese religious consciousness. Many shrines are
located on the top of the mountains where many go to heighten and purify
their spiritual life.
SHINTOISM EFFECTS TO ONE'S
WAY OF LIFE

Shinto is Japan's original religion and it is very much a part of everyday life
in many ways both in cities and in the countryside. Shinto is the Japanese
religion for this life and all positive rituals: weddings, births, good luck in
anything and everything.

Because ritual rather than belief is at the heart of Shinto, Japanese people
don't usually think of Shinto specifically as a religion - it's simply an aspect
of Japanese life. This has enabled Shinto to coexist happily with Buddhism
for centuries. How do we apply Shinto in everyday practice?

Few Japanese have a deep understanding or historical knowledge of Shinto


but they call on the gods of Shinto almost every day in one way or another.
Shinto for the average 21st century Japanese is a world of superstitious
beliefs and practices. It is also, for many, an acknowledgment of “Mother
Nature” in all her mysterious ways. And Shinto is animism and devoted to
the respect and “worship” of nature. It is a religion of the world of nature, of
which humans are just one tiny part. The world of rain, wind, sun, rivers,
fog, trees, plants, and people.
RESOURCES

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