Lesson 2 - Task 5
Lesson 2 - Task 5
TASK 5 :
PROCESSING
Hinduism
Place of origin :
Hinduism and dharma tie in with karma, how a person lives his or her
life will affect their next life. Hindus believe that souls are reborn into
new bodies, called reincarnation.
BUDDHISM
Buddhism arose in northeastern
India sometime between the late
6th century and the early 4th-
century BCE, a period of great
social change and intense
religious activity.
Buddhism, founded in the late 6th century B.C.E. by Siddhartha Gautama (the
"Buddha"), is an important religion in most of the countries of Asia. Buddhism has
assumed many different forms, but in each case there has been an attempt to
draw from the life experiences of the Buddha, his teachings, and the "spirit" or
"essence" of histeachings (called dhamma or dharma) as models for the religious
life. But, as a young man, he once went on a series of four chariot rides where he
first saw the more severe forms of human suffering: old age, illness, and death (a
corpse), as well as an ascetic renouncer.
The ravada school has compiled a sacred canon of early Buddhist teachings and
regulations that is called the Tripitaka. The Mahayana ("Greater Vehicle") branch
of schools began about the 1st century C.E.; Mahayanists are found today
especially in Korea, China, Japan, and Tibet. Mahayana schools, in general, utilize
texts called sutras, stressing that laypeople can also be good Buddhists, and that
there are other effective paths to Nirvana in addition to meditation—for instance,
the chanting and good works utilized in Pure Land. They believe that the Buddha
and all human beings have their origin in what is variously called Buddha Nature,
Buddha Mind, or Emptiness.
IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL
FACTORS OF BUDDHISM
JAINISM
They became docile and this had a bad impact on political life. The rise of
Jainism had a great impact on contemporary religious and social life. This
religion preached the idea of social equality and thus broke the barriers of
caste and class. It promoted feelings of social unity.
The Jain contribution to art and architecture is one noted in carvings and
design. Hilltops and secluded valleys are notable Jain locations for religious
structures. Perhaps the most dynamic creation of the Jains is the colossal
statue of Bahubali in Mysore. Considered a "sculptural wonder of the world",
the 57 foot statue was chiseled out of solid rock in the tenth century CE. It is
the site of a festival of pilgrims held there.
JAINISM EFFECTS TO ONE’S
WAY OF LIFE
It improves the spiritual state of the worshipper. The very act of worshipping
brings about spiritual purification - rather as going to the gym improves the
body. It can destroy bad karma attached to the soul. It provides a focus for
spiritual activity.
JUDAISM
The origins of Judaism date back more
than 3500 years. This religion is rooted
in the ancient near eastern region of
Canaan (which today constitutes Israel
and the Palestinian territories).
Judaism emerged from the beliefs and
practices of the people known as
“Israel”.
Judaism emerged from the beliefs and practices Judaism did not emerge until the
1st century CE. Judaism traces its origins to the covenant God made with
Abraham and his Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and the prophet Moses, who received
God’s Torah at Historically, Judaism went from being a religion practiced
primarily in and around the lands that are modern Israel up to the year 70 CE to
one practiced rabbinic Judaism and religious worship and education in
synagogues. It is based on the belief that Moses received God’s Torah in two
forms; Rabbinic Judaism is also based on the emergence of rabbi’s as leaders, the
stud
JUDAISM IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL
FACTORS
Jewish dietary laws are known as kashrut, and food that is prepared
according to religious standards is deemed kosher. With the exception of
many followers of Reform Judaism, those in the Jewish community are
expected to avoid any meals or foods that are not considered to be kosher at
all times. Most dietary laws involve animal-based foods that are either
acceptable or unacceptable to eat. However, there are other rules regarding
eating meat and dairy products at the same time, the preparation of meals,
and the way an animal is slaughtered.
Prayer plays an important role in the everyday lives of those who practice
Judaism. The most traditional denomination, Orthodox Judaism, requires
followers to recite prayers three times per day, except for on Shabbat, a
weekly day of rest, when four prayers are to be recited. The exact prayers
that are used and the times of day when a follower prays to vary by
denomination. However, it's most common for readings from the Torah to
be used as prayers, and prayer usually occurs upon waking, after meals and
in the evening.
PLACE OF ORIGIN
CHRISTIANITY
Christianity originated with the ministry of Jesus, a Jewish teacher and healer who
proclaimed the imminent kingdom of God and was crucified c. The earliest followers of
Jesus were apocalyptic Jewish Christians. The inclusion of gentiles in the developing
early Christian Church caused a schism between Judaism and Jewish Christianity
during the first two centuries of the Christian Era. In 313, Emperor Constantine I issued
the Edict of Milan legalizing Christian worship. Christological debates about the human
and divine nature of Jesus consumed the Christian Church for two centuries, and seven
ecumenical councils were called to resolve these debates. In the early Middle Ages,
missionary activities spread Christianity towards the west among German peoples.
During the High Middle Ages, eastern and western Christianity grew apart, leading to
the East–West Schism of 1054. Since the Renaissance era, with colonialism inspired by
the Church, Christianity has expanded throughout the world.[1] Today there are more
than two billion Christians worldwide, and Christianity has become the world's largest
religion.[2] Within the last century, as the influence of Christianity has waned in the
West, it has rapidly grown in the East and the Global South; in China, South Korea and
much of sub-Saharan Africa.
CHRISTIANITY IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL
FACTORS
Worshipping God: We believe that God has called all people to worship
him. Worship happens on the Lord’s Day (Sunday, the first day of the
week when Jesus arose from the grave) but it is also intended to be a daily
way of life.
Christians live by many rules and an example of the life of Jesus. IN the
book of Exodus the "Ten Commandments" were established. These
commandments were God's laws. Many Christians today still live by these
rules. For example, one of the commandments are "Thou Shall not Kill."
This rule doesn't have to be physical, but verbal and maybe emotional. So
we all have killed somebody in so shape or form.
PLACE OF ORIGIN
ISLAM
Historically, Islam began in Arabia
in the Middle East. Now known as
Saudi Arabia, this is where the
prophet Muhammad was born,
raised, lived, and died.
The Qur’an also maintains that all individuals are responsible for their actions,
for which they will be judged by God, and so it provides guidelines for proper
behavior within the framework of a just and equitable society. At this time,
Mecca was a prosperous city whose wealth and influence were based on the
caravan trade and on the Ka‘ba, a shrine and a place of pilgrimage housing the
pagan deities then being worshipped by the Arabs. In Medina, Muhammad
continued to attract followers and, within a few years, Mecca had also largely
embraced Islam.
PLACE OF ORIGIN
ISLAM
Historically, Islam began in Arabia
in the Middle East. Now known as
Saudi Arabia, this is where the
prophet Muhammad was born,
raised, lived, and died.
The Qur’an also maintains that all individuals are responsible for their actions,
for which they will be judged by God, and so it provides guidelines for proper
behavior within the framework of a just and equitable society. At this time,
Mecca was a prosperous city whose wealth and influence were based on the
caravan trade and on the Ka‘ba, a shrine and a place of pilgrimage housing the
pagan deities then being worshipped by the Arabs. In Medina, Muhammad
continued to attract followers and, within a few years, Mecca had also largely
embraced Islam.
ISLAM IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS
Islam spread both via conquests and via the peaceful adoption of the
doctrine. Because our theory focuses on the economic conditions
conducive to the voluntary adoption of Islam, we concentrated on regions
outside the Muslim empires. Doing so allowed us to single out the role of
geography and trade and mitigate concerns related to the process of
conversion within Muslim empires arising from coercion, Arab migration,
and differential taxation.
As Islam spread across the Arabian Peninsula and later across North Africa
and the Middle East, it had an aggregating effect. The occupants of these
areas had been nomadic tribes for a very long time. Consequently, the belief
in many gods lends itself very readily to conflicting loyalties and competition
in politics. This had long been an impediment to peace or unification in many
areas into which Islam would spread. Another effect of the spread of Islam
was an increase in trade. Unlike early Christianity, Muslims were not
reluctant to engage in trade and profit; Muhammad himself was a merchant.
As new areas were drawn into the orbit of Islamic civilization, the new
religion provided merchants with a safe context for trade. Muslim jurists
called qadis were established to resolve disputes through the application of
sharia. Merchants were thus provided with a forum for making complaints
and having them resolved in a consistent and systematic way.
PLACE OF ORIGIN
CONFUCIANISM
Its institutions were not a separate church, but those of society, family,
school, and state; its priests were not separate liturgical specialists, but
parents, teachers, and officials. Confucianism was part of the Chinese social
fabric and way of life; to Confucians, everyday life was the arena of religion.
Confucius is relevant to our lives today because his sayings relate directly to us
and how to live happier and more fulfilling lives. Confucius' teachings can give
us advice for how to live our lives and how to treat others. Confucius will
continue to impact our lives now and well into the future.
PLACE OF ORIGIN
TAOISM
Taoism (also spelled Daoism) is a
religion and a philosophy from
ancient China that has
influenced folk and national
belief. Taoism has been
connected to the philosopher
Lao Tzu, whom around 500
B.C.E. wrote the main book of
Taoism, the Tao Te Ching.
The Tao Te Ching, or “The Way and Its Power,” is a collection of poetry and
sayings from around the third and fourth centuries B.C.E. that guides Taoist
thought and actions. While the author is traditionally believed to be the
philosopher Lao Tzu, there is little evidence that Lao Tzu existed at all. Rather, the
Tao Te Ching is a gathering of earlier sayings from many authors. This book was
given an origin with the philosopher Lao Tzu for cultural and political reasons.
Lao Tzu is sometimes understood as the image of the Tao, or a god, and given
legendary status.
TAOISM IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS
Taoism requires human beings to be humble and recognize that not only are
they not obliged to make the world a better place, but they are also actually
so ignorant of what is really happening that they are likely to make things
worse if they do take action
PLACE OF ORIGIN
SHINTOISM
Shinto (Japanese, "the way of the
gods"), Japanese cult and
religion, originating in
prehistoric times, and occupying
an important national position
for long periods in the history of
Japan, particularly in recent
times.
In the late 6th century AD the name Shinto was created for the native religion to
distinguish it from Buddhism and Confucianism, which had been introduced
from China. Beginning in the 18th century, Shinto was revived as an important
national religion through the writings and teachings of a succession of notable
scholars, including Mabuchi, Motoori Norinaga, and Hirata Atsutane. Related
beliefs included the doctrines that the Japanese were superior to other peoples
because of their descent from the gods, and that the emperor was destined to
rule over the entire world.
SHINTOISM IMPACT OF
GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS
Shinto was founded around 2,500 years ago as a mixture of many tribal
religions, each having had its own kami or god. Shinto is a system of faith and
a body of folkways, festivals, myths, ancient writings, and cultural attitudes
related to the kami.
Shintoists believe in the sacredness of the whole universe and that man can be
in tune with this sacredness. Every mountain, river, plant, beast, and all the
diverse phenomena of heaven and earth have presiding spirits or kami.
Reverence is paid to the ancestors. Shinto has no creed, ethical doctrine, a
sacred book, philosophy, or theology of any kind. Its theory of human duty is
to follow your natural impulses and obey the laws of the state.
There are over 110,000 Shinto shrines and temples for the kami in Japan.
Many Japanese homes may have small shrines within called kami-dana.
Adherents are expected to visit these shrines at various life cycle events. The
Meiji Shrine located in Tokyo and dedicated to Emperor Meiji is visited by 3
million people at New Year. The mountainous terrain of Japan has had a
major effect on the Japanese religious consciousness. Many shrines are
located on the top of the mountains where many go to heighten and purify
their spiritual life.
SHINTOISM EFFECTS TO ONE'S
WAY OF LIFE
Shinto is Japan's original religion and it is very much a part of everyday life
in many ways both in cities and in the countryside. Shinto is the Japanese
religion for this life and all positive rituals: weddings, births, good luck in
anything and everything.
Because ritual rather than belief is at the heart of Shinto, Japanese people
don't usually think of Shinto specifically as a religion - it's simply an aspect
of Japanese life. This has enabled Shinto to coexist happily with Buddhism
for centuries. How do we apply Shinto in everyday practice?
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oZQBYQScwS-O1If4XOiGYybZVjG5CFH8Rxcm-
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