Pry 6 Maths Ist Term
Pry 6 Maths Ist Term
WEEK 1
numbers. CONTENT
PLACE VALUE
WEEK 4
A factor of a given number is a number that can divide the given number without a
remainder. For instance 2 can divide 6 without a remainder, hence 2 is a factor of
6.
Rules for divisibility
2: A number is divisible by 2 if the last digit is an even number or zero.
3: A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 3. For example,
4 302.
4 + 3 + 0 + 2 = 9, this is divisible by 3. Hence 4 302 is divisible by 3. Therefore,
3 is a factor of 4 302.
4: A number is divisible by 4, if the last two digits are zeros or if the last two digits
of the number is divisible by 4.
Examples
1. 324 is divisible by 4 because the last two digits (24) are divisible by 4.
2. 736 is divisible by 4 because the last two digits (i.e. 36) are divisible by
4. 5: A number is divisible by 5 if the last digit is either 5 or zero.
Examples
75 is divisible by 5 Hence 5 is a factor of 75
80 is divisible by 5 5 is a factor of 80
76 is not divisible by 5. 5 is not a factor of 76.
78 is divisible by 2 76 is divisible by 2
78 is also divisible by 3 but 76 is not divisible by 3.
Hence 78 is divisible by 6. (Remember 7 + 6 = 13 and 13 is not divisible by 3)
! 6 is a factor of 78. Since 2 but not 3 can divide 76 without remainder.
Thus 76 is not divisible by 6.
! 6 is not a factor of 76.
7: A number is divisible by 7 if the difference between twice the last digit and the
number formed by the remaining digits is divisible by 7.
Examples
1. Consider 91 2. Consider 959
The last digit is 1. The last digit is 9.
Twice the last digit is 2 × 1 = 2. Twice the last digit is 2 × 9 = 18.
The remaining digit is 9. The remaining digits = 95.
Difference between 9 and 2 is 7. Difference between 95 and 18 = 95 – 18 = 77
Since 7 is divisible 7. Since 77 is divisible by 7.
91 is also divisible by 7. 959 is also divisible by 7.
Thus 7 is a factor of 91. Thus 7 is a factor of 959.
8: A number is divisible by 8 if the last three digits are zeros or the number is
divisible by 2 without a remainder three times.
Examples
1. Consider 784 2. Consider 74
784 ÷ 2 = 392 (First division) 748 ÷ 2 = 374 (First division)
392 ÷ 2 = 196 (Second division) 374 ÷ 2 = 187 (Second division)
196 ÷ 2 = 98 (Third division) 187 ÷ 2 = 93 remainder 1 (Third division)
Thus 784 ÷ 8 = 98 Here 748 cannot be divided by 2, without a remainder, three
times.
Thus 8 cannot divide 748 without a remainder.
Hence 8 is factor of 784. Therefore 8 is not a factor of 748.
20
9: A number is divisible by 9, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.
Examples
1. Consider 801 2. Consider 234
8+0+1=92+3+4=9
Since 9 is divisible by 9 Since 9 is divisible by 9
Then 801 is divisible by 9 Then 234 is divisible by 9
Hence 9 is a factor of 801. Hence 9 is a factor of 234.
10: A number is divisible by 10 if the last digit is ZERO. For example, 180 is
divisible by 10
but 108 is not. Thus 10 is a factor of 180, but not a factor of 108.
How to find the factors of a given number
Starting from 1, find all other numbers that can divide the given number without a
remainder.
Examples
This method finds the factors of 48.
48 = 1 × 48
= 2 × 24
= 3 × 16
= 4 × 12
=6×8
Exercise 1
For each number, list all the factors.
1. 84 2. 36 3. 40 4. 24 5. 96 6. 32
7. 80 8. 54 9. 90 10. 72 11. 19 12. 71
Common factors
Examples
Look at the method of finding the common factors of 24 and 30.
Factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 Factors of 30 are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15 and
30
Common factors of 24 and 30 are 1, 2, 3, and 6
Exercise 2
Find the common factors of the following numbers.
1. 30 and 42 2. 21 and 56 3. 28 and 40 4. 12 and 15 5. 15 and 18
6. 25 and 75 7. 21 and 35 8. 18 and 24 9. 81 and 90 10. 24 and 60
FRACTION
WEEK 6&7
1: 2
Exercise 3
Find the ratio of the number of children to the number of families in the different
communities below. Round up to the nearest whole number.
Community Number of families Number of children
1. Otu 53 123
2. Epe 38 120
3. Ajaji 64 185
4. Ute 110 328
5. Nkpitime 96 272
6. The total number of children in a village of 20 families is 125. Calculate
the ratio of children per family.
Birth rate: The number of births every year for every 1 000 people in the
population of a place.
Fertility rate: The number of children born per woman in a population.
Death rate: The number of deaths every year for every 1 000 people in the
population of a place.
Infant mortality: The number of deaths of babies at birth or just after birth per 1
000 live-births in the population of a place.
47
Examples
2 800 children were born in a Nigerian city with a population of 250 000. Here the
birth rate is calculated. Ratio of population to number of births
800
250
11.2
Therefore, the birth rate is 11 births/1 000.
If 1 820 children were born by all the women in town numbering 910, find the
fertility rate. Study this answer. Ratio of the number of women to the number of
children born
=910: 1 820
1: 2
Therefore, fertility rate is 2 children/woman.
1 890 people died in a year in a town with a population of 63 000. Here the death
rate is calculated. Ratio of number of people to number of deaths
=63 000: 1 890
=1 000: 1890
63
=1 000: 30
Therefore, the death rate is 30 deaths/1 000.
Exercise 4
1. In a new capital city established by a government, the population was 32000.
If the total number of children born that year was 672, what was the birth rate?
2. If 1 845 children were born by all the women numbering 315 in a
community, find the fertility rate.
3. A total of 2 002 deaths were recorded in a community with a population of 154
000. Calculate the death rate.
4. A total of 50 infant deaths were recorded among 500 live-births in a
local government area. Calculate the infant mortality rate.
5. Find the total number of deaths in a city with a population 80 000, if the death
rate is 13/1 000.
Examples
The number of infant deaths recorded among 78 000 live-births in a constituency
was 1 560. Here the infant mortality rate has been calculated.
The ratio of the number of live-births to the number of infant deaths
=78 000: 1 560
=1 000: 1560
78
=1 000: 20
Therefore, the infant mortality rate is 20 deaths/1 000 live-births
In a year, the death rate recorded in a village with a population of 80 000 was 12
deaths/1 000. Here the total number of deaths in that year has been calculated.
Ratio of death rate
=1 000: 12 deaths
=80 000: 12 × 80
=80 000: 960 deaths
Therefore, number of deaths =960
48
Exercise 5
1. If 1 845 children were born in a year in a city with a population of 123
000, calculate the birth rate.
2. If 1 890 children were born by all the women totaling 135 in a village, what
is the fertility rate?
3. Assume that 2 448 people died in a year in a local government area with
a population of 136 000. Find the death rate.
4. A total number of 6 364 children were born in a year in a village with
a population of 172. Calculate the birth rate.
5. Work out the number of deaths in a camp with a population of 672 000 if
the death rate was 32 deaths per 1 000.
6. The fertility rate in a settlement was 6 children born per woman. Calculate
the number of children born by all the 1 792 women in the settlement.
PROPORTION
As the number of pencils increases the cost also increases. The ratio of number of
Solution
1 kg of apples costs =#600
3 kg of apples will cost =#600 ×3
=#1 800
1 kg of apples costs -#600
2 kg of apples will cost =#600 ×2
=#1 200
1 kg of apples costs =#600
4 kg of apples will cost =#600 ×4
=2 400
The table is
Weight, W (kg) 0 1 2 3 4
Cost, C (Naira) 0 600 1200 1800 2400
The cost is directly proportional to the weight of apples.
Exercise
1. Find the cost of 24 oranges, if 3 oranges cost �80.00?
2. If eight oranges cost �200, find the cost of twenty oranges.
3. A car travels 60 km in 1
2 hour. How long will it take to travel 180 km?
4. A trader buys 16 pairs of shorts at �4 000. How much will he pay for 35 pairs
of shorts?
5. If 10 crates of eggs cost �5 400, how much will 500 eggs
cost? eggs)
6. An American changed 120 dollars for �15 600. How much in naira will he
get for 45 dollars?
7. 54 apples cost �3 240. Find the cost of 45 apples.
8. A boy takes 5 minutes to cycle 800 metres, what distance can he cycle in
8 minutes?
9. If 1 liter of petrol is needed for a car to travel 18 km, how far can the car
travel on 15 liters of petrol?
10. A boy saves �300 every five days, how much can he save in 20
days? 59
Indirect proportion
Study the table below.
Number of girls to scrub 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time taken (mins) 60 30 20 145 12 10
The above table shows the number of girls that can scrub a room and the time that
it will take to complete the work.
You will observe that as the number of girls increases the time taken to complete
the work decreases, in the same way. The product of the number of girls that scrub
and the time taken are all equal.
That is: 1×60 =2 ×30 =3 ×20 4 ×15 =5 ×12= 6 ×10.
This type of proportion is called inverse proportion or indirect proportion.
Examples
If 10 girls are to scrub the room, how many minutes will it take them? Study the
solution to this word problem.
Solution
Number of girls ×time taken =60
10×time taken =60
Time taken =60
10
=6 minutes
If 15 laborers can load a ship in 10 days, how many extra laborers must be
employed to load the ship in 6 days? Study the solution.
Solution
Method 1
Product of 15 laborers and 10 days =15 ×10 =150
Thus 6 days ×the laborers =150
The laborers =150/6=25
The extra laborers to be employed = 25 – 15 =10
60
Method 2
In 10 days, the laborers to load the ship =5
In 1 day, the laborers to load the ship will be =15 ×10
In 6 days, the laborers to load the ship will be =15× 10/6
25
Thus the extra laborers to be employed 25 – 15 =10
Examples
Twelve men can weed a farm in 6 days. How many men can weed it in 8 days if
they are working at the same rate? Study the following solution to this word
problem.
Solution
The required answer is in terms of men, so the statement is thus.
In 6 days the farm is completely weeded by 12 men.
In 1 day the farm will be completely weeded by 12 ×6 men.
(In 1 day more men would have to weed the farm)
In 8 days the farm will be completely weeded by 12× 6/8men =9 men.
Exercise
1. A farmer has enough hay to feed 9 horses for 10 days. How long will the
same supply of hay feed 6 horses?
2. If 24 workers can build a jetty in 15 weeks, how many workers will build
the Jetty in 12 weeks if they are working at the same rate?
3. When a packet of chewing gums is shared among 30 children, each child gets 8
chewing gums. How many chewing gums will each child get if the packet is shared
among 40 children?
4. A driver travels 80 km/h and completes a journey in 3 hours. How long will
it take to complete the same journey if the speed is 120 km/h?
5. A fence can be built by 10 men in 7 days. If the fence is to be completed in
5 days, how many a) men are required in total? b) More men are required?
6. 40 children can eat a bag of rice in 8 days. How long will it last 5 children?
7. A plantation of palm fruits can be harvested by 20 men in 10 weeks. Each man
harvests a fixed weight of palm fruits in 1 week. Find how many men can
harvest the palm fruit in: a) 8 weeks b) 5 weeks.
WEEK 8
BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
denominator
numerator 2 is less than 5 5 is greater than 2
i.e. the numerator is less than the denominator or the denominator is greater than
the
numerator.
2
5
is less than 1. This fraction is called a proper fraction. Other examples of proper
fractions
are
1
2
,
3
4
,
5
8
,
6
7
,
8
15
,
7
22
, etc.
Improper fraction: Whenever the numerator is greater than the denominator then
we have
an improper fraction.
Examples
7
3
is an improper fraction. The numerator (7) is greater than the denominator (3).
Further examples of improper fractions are
17
3
,
19
5
,
5
2
,
4
3
,
3
2
,
21
8
,
35
9
…
In each case the numerator (top number) is greater than denominator (bottom
number).
Improper fractions can be written as mixed numbers.
WEEK 9
TOPIC: MULTIPLICATION
BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
CONTENT
MULTIPLYING 3-DIGITS NUMBER
Examples
74266
113712
Exercise
Simplify the following multiplications.
706×566
5. 793×107 6. 568× ×679 8. 462×
9. 771×248 10. 224×327 11. 792× ×318
2463
×
500672
Unit
Exercise×
3. 34 946 ××5 4. 17 634 ×× 6
5. 2 296 ×× 8 6. 4 837 ×× 5 7. 9473 ×× 4 8. 63 485 ×× 3
9. 98 765 ×× 2 10. 7 799 ×× 9 11. 57 330 ×× 6 12. 1 984 × 8
Unit 3 Multiplying 4- and 5-digit numbers by 2-digit numbers
Examples
1. 2 635 ×× 43 = 2 6 3 5
×× 4 3
7 9 0 5 = 2 635 ×× 3
+ 1 0 5 4 0 0 = 2 635 ×× 40
1 1 3 3 0 5 = 2 635 ×× 43
2. 72 548 ×× 56 = 7 2 5 4 8
× ×56
4 3 5 2 8 8 = 72 548 ×× 6
3 6 2 7 4 0 0 = 72 548 ×× 50
4 0 6 2 6 8 8 = 72 548 ×× 56
Exercise
Simplify these.
1. 5 302 ×× 25 2. 33 648 ×× 55 3. 74 629 ×× 48 4. 9 988 ×× 37
5. 68 305 ×× 94 6. 14 736 ×× 66 7. 7 239× × 39 8. 24 361 × 87
9. 6 783 ×× 94 10. 32 588 × ×65 11. 17 430 ×× 76 12. 5 899× × 55
Word problems
Examples
Study this example to find out how the following word problem was solved:
A poultry farm produces 2 568 eggs a day. How many eggs will it produce in 28
days?
Number of eggs produced per day = 2 568
Number of eggs produce in 28 days = 2 568 ×28 eggs
=2568
×× 2 8
2 0 5 4 4 = 2 568 ×× 8
5 1 3 6 0 = 2 568 × ×20
7 1 9 0 4 eggs
Exercise 1
1. There are 125 rows of chairs in a theatre. Each row has 135 chairs. How
many chairs are there in the theatre?
89
2. The net weight of a bag of sugar is 4 742 g. Find the net weight of 26 bags of
sugar.
3. A drum holds 224 litres of water. Find the amount of water in a tank filled
35 times with the drum.
4. A man earns �95 350.00 a week. How much will he earn in 37 weeks?
5. A book has 145 lines per page. How many lines are there if the book has
125 pages?
Exercise 2
Word problems
1. A rectangular field is 147 metres long and 126.7 metres wide. What is its area in
square metres?
2. Find the cost of 36.6 kg of beef at �314 per kilogram.
3. The net weight of a packet of sugar is 474.2 g. Find the total net weight of 26
packets of sugar.
4. A keg holds 22.4 litres of water. Find the amount of water in a drum filled
40 times with the keg.
5. The propeller plane flies 26.512 kilometres per hour. Calculate the distance it
can cover in 2 days.
6. Find the total height of 12 tins each measuring 3 2/3
WEEK 10
TOPIC: DIVISION
BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
decimals. CONTENT