-1-

]]tpövmrft,l0g'}}
oD&dysHcsD tvfvmrm CmZD rk[r®'f[m½Sifrf
tpövmrfonfh pMu0Vmcyford ;f ukew f u Ydk dk zefqif;arG;jrLawmfral om tvk;H pku H dk odjrifawmf rlí
jynfhpkHawmfrlaom wpfqlwnf;? wpfyg;wnf;jzpfawmfrlaom r[mu½kPm½Sif jzpfawmfrlaom
tv’m[ft½Sifjrwf a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom a'oemawmfjrwfjzpfayonf/ ESpfb0\ Nidrf;csrf;
om,mrIun dk eT jf yonf/
tpövmrfonf ]emcHjcif;}[laom txl;0dao*kPyf 'k w f pfcu k adk qmifvsu½f o dS nf/ tpövmrf\
t"du &nf½G,fcsufrSm rdrdaqmifxm;aom tpövmrfwnf;[laom*kPfyk'fukd vlom;tm;vkH;tm;
wyfqifay;&efyifjzpfonf/ xkdYtwGufaMumifhyif acwfra½G;? jynfra½G;? vlrsKd;ra½G;? tkyfpkra½G;?
vlwef;pm;rcGJ? jzLeufrjcm; tpövmrfwnf;[laom *kPfyk'fESifhjynfhpkHMuukefaom yk*¾dKvfrGefwkdYonf
twdwaf cwfwiG v f nf; rkpvf ifrrf sm;yifjzpfMuonf/ ,ckypöKyeÜ w f iG v
f nf; rkpv f ifrrf sm;yifjzpfMuonf/
aemif tem*wfwiG v f nf; rkpv f ifrrf sm;yifjzpfMurnf/
tpövmrf[al omyk'o f nf ]emcHjcif;}t"dymÜ ,fay;onf tpövmrf[t k rnforkwjf cif;rSmvnf;
þt,l0g'ukd vufcHem,laom rkpfvifrfwkdif;onf ta&;udpöt00wGif tv’m[ft½Sifjrwf\
a'oemjrwfrsm;ukd OD;vnfrokH vdu k ef musio hf ;Hk &jcif;aMumifyh ifjzpfayonf/
tv’m[ft½Sijf rwfonf pMu0Vmt0ef;ukd pwifjyKpyk sK;d axmifawmfral om ydik q f ikd pf ;dk rk;d pDrH uGyu
f J
tkycf sKyaf wmfral om t½Sio f cifjzpfawmfral y&m wpfenf;qkad omf pMu0Vm½Si\ f trdeaYf wmfemcHjcif;yif
pMu0VmwGif Nird ;f csr;f om,mrIudk zefw;D &mrnfonf/ okjYd zpf&m tpövmrfonf urÇmNh ird ;f csr;f a&;0g'jzpfí
rkpv
f ifro f nf urÇmNh ird ;f csr;f a&;0g'Djzpfonf/
rk[r®'fESifhuk&ftmef
tv’m[ft½Sijf rwfonf ,cifEpS af ygif;(1400)ausmu f urÇmol urÇmom;tm;vk;H ukd u½kPm
w&m;yGm;rsm;í ESpb f 0\ okccsr;f omtjzmjzmukd &pdrahf omiSm wrefawmftaygif;wk\ Yd tcsKyf jzpfaom
wrefawmfjrwf rk[r®'t f m; (aumif;cs;D r*Fvmtjzmjzmonf wrefawmfjrwftay:okYd oufa&mufygap)
aemufq;Hk wrefawmftjzpf apvTwaf wmfrí l usr;f *eftaygif;wk\ Yd tcsKyjf zpfaom uk&t f mefusr;f jrwf
ukvd nf; wrefawmfr[ k r®'x
f o H Ydk csay;oem;awmfrcl ahJ yonf/
uk&ftmefusrf;jrwfonf tv’m[ft½Sifjrwf\ tm,ofawmfjzpfonf/ wrefawmfjrwfonf
rdrud sa&mufvmcJah om uk&t f mefusr;f vm tm,ofawmfrsm;ukd tcsed rf vifah pbJ pepfwus a&;rSwf
apawmfrcl ohJ nf/ tm*kaH qmifapawmfrcl o hJ nf/ uk&t f mefusr;f jrwfudk pv,fq;Hk tm*kaH qmifxm;Mu
aom ([mzpfZ)f tm*r"&wk\ Yd ESv;Hk om;rsm;wGivf nf;aumif; wnf½adS eayonf/ urÇmt&yf&yfwiG f
uk&t f mefusr;f jrwftapmifaygif;toacFs? tocFsm½Sjd im;aomfvnf; wpfapmifEiS w hf pfapmiftMum; yk'?f
y'? o&? oknrStp uGJjym;rItvsif;r½SdbJ yuwdtwdkif; vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm; wpfrsKd;wnf; wpfpm;
 -2-

wnf;yif½adS eonfrmS uk&t f mefusr;f jrwf\ xl;jcm;csuw f pf&yfjzpfonf/ þonf ]uk&t f mef usr;f jrwfudk
igt½Sifjrwf xkwfjyefcsrSwfawmfrlí ,if;usrf;jrwfukd igt½Sifjrwfukd,fawmfwkdif xdef;odrf;
apmifah ½Smufawmfrrl nf}[laom Asm'dwaf wmf\aus;Zl;yifjzpfonf/ (uk&t f mef 15;9 ud½k )I ]uk&t f mef}
[laomyk'o f nf rsm;pGm½Gw&f aomusr;f [k teufay;xm;onf/ uk&t f mefusr;f jrwfonf emrnfEiS t hf nD
,aeYwidk f urÇmwGit f rsm;qk;H ½Gwzf wfo&ZÑm,f&aomusr;f wpfqv l nf;jzpfayonf/
wrefawmfjrwfonf uk&ftmefusrf;jrwfukd OD;xdyfxm;um tpövmrft,l0g'ukd vufawGU
usio hf ;Hk jyoawmfrcl o hJ nf/ wkad wmif;vSpmG aom (23)ESpt f wGi;f wd&pämefwrQ qk;d oGr;f rdu k rf J vrf;vGv J suf
½SdaecJhMuaomolrsm;tm; tarSmifcGif;í tvif;okdY aqmifawmfrlcJhonf/ vlUb0wGif vl½kdif; wkdYtm;
,Ofyg;apawmfrlcJhonf/ vlUb0wGif atmufqkH;tqifhokdYa&muf½SdaecJhMuaom olwkdYtm; vlYb0
txGwt f xdyo f Ydk wifaqmifay;awmfrcl o hJ nf/ wrefawmfjrwfonf tpövmrf t,l0g'ukd rdru d ,dk w f ikd f
usio hf ;Hk jyoawmfrcl o hJ nfomru pHjyrkpv f ifrt
f yk pf Bk u;D wpfcv k ;Hk ukv
d nf; arG;xkwx f m;awmfrcl hJ ayonf/
tpövmrft,l0g'onf wpfaeYwpfjcm; ysUH yGm;vmcJah y&m ,aeYrpk v f ifrwf o Ydk nf urÇmt&yf&yf
wGif ysUH ESv YH su½f MdS uayonf/
tpövmrf\,kMH unfcsurf sm;rSm -
(1) tv’m[ft½Sijf rwftm; ,kMH unfjcif;/
(2) xkt d ½Sijf rwf\ aumif;uifwrefrsm;ukd ,kMH unfjcif;/
(3) xkt d ½Sijf rwf\ usr;f *efrsm;ukd ,kMH unfjcif;/
(4) xkt d ½Sijf rwf\ wrefawmfrsm;ukd ,kMH unfjcif;/
(5) pMu0Vmysuq f ;D qdwo f Ok ;f rnfah emufq;Hk aeYudk ,kMH unfjcif;/
(6) aoNy;D aemuf ½Sijf yefx&rnfu, dk MHk unfjcif;[líjzpfonf/
tpövmrf\ tjrpfw&m;ig;yg;um;
(1) tv’m[ft½SifjrwfrSwyg; ukd;uG,f&m[lítvsOf;r½Sdonfukdvnf;aumif;? wrefawmfjrwf
rk[r®'o f nf xkt d ½Sijf rwf\ wrefawmfjzpfonfuv dk nf; ,kMH unfoufaocHjcif;/
(2) qGvmofaqmufwnfjcif; (0wfjyKjcif;)/
(3) Zum;ofay;vSLjcif;/
(4) qG, D mrf Oykoaf qmufwnfjcif;/
(5) [*sjf yKjcif;[líjzpfavonf/
tpövmrf\,kHMunfcsufrsm;ukd vufcH,kHMunfol rkpfvifrfwpfOD;onf wrefawmfjrwf
csrSwfawmfrlonfh usifhpOfusifh&yfrsm;ESifhtnD wpfaeYvQifig;Budrf qGvmofaqmufwnf&onf/
pm;0wfaea&;twGuv f t
dk yfonfxufyadk om Opömypön;f rsm;xJrS qif;&Jom;rsm;tm; Zum;of ay;vSL
&onf/ wpfEpS w f iG f wpfv qD, G mrfOykoaf qmufwnf&onf/ c&D;p&dww f wfEikd vf Qif wpfouf wpfcg
ruúmNrdKUawmfokdY oGm;a&mufí [*sfjyK&onf/ þonfum; tpövmrf\ tajccH,kHMunfcsufrsm;ESifh
usiphf Ofrsm;jzpfayonf/
 -3-

wpfrdwpfzwnf;
tpövmrft,l0g't& urÇmol urÇmom;tm;vkH;wkdYonf wpfrdwpfzwnf;rS qif;ouf
aygufzmG ;vmMuaom nD&if;tpfudk armif&if;ESrrsm;yifjzpfMuayonf/
]tkd-vlom;taygif;wkdY? igt½Sifjrwfonf toifwkdYtm; wpfrdwpfzwnf;rS pwifzefqif;
awmfrcl ohJ nf/ toifwt Ydk csi;f csi;f oduRr;f íarwåmouf&eftvkiYd mS igt½Sijf rwfonf toifwt Ydk m;
vlrsKd;tzkHzkH? rsKd;EG,ftpm;pm; jyKvyk x f m;awmfro l nf/ igt½Sijf rwfxaH wmfü trGejf rwfq;Hk aomolrmS
pifMu,foef½Y iS ;f tjypfuif;olomjzpfayonf/} (uk&t f mef 49;13)
rdom;pk
tpövmrf,l0g't& a0ae,sowå0gtm;vkH;wkdYonf rdom;pkBuD;jzpfayonf/ tzefqif;cH
a0ae,s owå0gtm;vk;H wko Yd nf tv’m[ft½Sijf rwf\ tdraf wmfot l rd af wmfom;rsm; jzpfMuayonf/
tv’m[ft½Sijf rwfxaH wmfü tdraf wmfot l rd af wmfom;rsm;teuf trsm;qk;H cspMf unfjrwfE;dk tyforl mS
tdraf wmfol tdraf wmfom;rsm;tm; trsm;qk;H tusK;d jyKoo
l mjzpfayonf/ (wrefawmfjrwf\ Mo0g'awmf)
vlwef;pm;rcGJ
tpövmrft,l0g'wGif vlwef;pm;cGJjcm;rItvsOf;r½Sd/ tjzLonf teufxufrom? ukd,fusifh
w&m; aumif;jcif;tm;jzifh wpfO;D xufwpfO;D omEdik af yonf/
]tk-d vlom;taygif;wk?Yd toifwt
Ydk ½Sio
f cifonf wpfyg;wnf;? toifw\
Ydk zcifonf wpfO;D wnf;?
tm&AfvlrsKd;onf tjcm;vlrsKd;xufrom? teDonf teufxufrom? teufonf teDxufrom?
tv’m[ft½Sifjrwftm; aMumuf½GHU½kdaocefYnm;í pifMu,foefY½Sif; tjypfuif;jcif; tm;jzifhomvQif
wpfO;D xufwpfO;D omonf/ (wrefawmfjrwf\ Mo0g'awmf)
rnfolYukdrQ 'ku©ray;&
tpövmrft,l0g't& urÇmt h rd af xmifpBk u;D wpfcv
k ;Hk onf rdom;pkBu;D jzpf&mrkpv
f ifrf wpfO;D tzkYd
urÇmh tdrfaxmifpktwGif;ü olpdrf;[lí wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQyifr½Sday/ tm;vkH;wkdYonf rdom;pk
rsm;jzpfMuay&m tcsi;f csi;f tusK;d jyK&rnfomjzpfí 'kur© ay;&/
]rkpfvifrfonf rdrd\EIwfjzifhvnf;aumif;? vufjzifhvnf;aumif; rnfolukdrQ'ku©ray;&/
BuD;olukdrav;pm;? i,folukdroem;olonf ig\wynfhr[kwf/ rdrdtzkdY ESpfNcdKufaomt&mukd
olwpfyg;tzkYd rESpNf cKd uaf omolonf rkpv f ifrrf [kw/f tdref ;D csi;f ukd 'kua© y;olonf rkpv
f ifrrf [kw/f
toifwo Ydk nf urÇmajrü½So d w
l t
Ydk m; oem;MuifemMuuke/f aumif;uifxuf½adS wmfral om t½Sio f nf
toifwt Ydk m; oem;Muifemawmfrt l /Hh (wrefawmfjrwfMo0g')
 -4-

]pvmrf}arwåm
tpövmrf0g'D rkpv f ifrrf sm;onf wpfO;D ESiw
hf pfO;D awGUqkMH uonft h cg (twfpv ö mrktvdik u
f eG rf )f
]toifwkdYtay:ü Nidrf;csrf;om,mrI tpkpkoufa&mufygap}[k arwåmykdYoMuonf/ arwåmykdYojcif;
cH&olrsm;uvnf; (0tvdkifuk rkpövmrf 0-&[frwkv’m[f? 0-Ak&umwl[l)? ]toifwkdYtay:üvnf;
Nird ;f csr;f om,mrItpkpk oufa&mufygap/ tv’m[ft½Sijf rwf\ u½kPmawmfEiS hf r*Fvmawmfrsm; vnf;
oufa&mufygap}[k arwåmwkjYH yefMuayonf/ þokjYd zifh rkpv f ifrw
f pYdk ak 0;&mXmersm;wGif arwåmoHrsm;onf
yJw
h ifxyfrQjzpf½adS eayonf/
]uREfkyfonf rdrd\t½Siftm; wdkifwnfajymthH/ toifwkdYonf tv’m[ft½Sifjrwftm;
r,kMH unforQ umvywfv;Hk tv’m[ft½Sijf rwftm; ,kMH unfEikd Mf urnfr[kw/f uREykf o f nf toifwt Ydk m;
toifwt Ydk csi;f csi;f cspcf if&efvrf;pOf nTejf yrnf/ xkvd rf;pOfum; tjcm;r[kw/f toifwYdk tcsi;f csi;f
jzLpifyiG v hf if;pGm pvmrfarwåmukd yko Yd Muuke}f (wrefawmfjrwf\ Mo0g'awmf)
pm;0wfaea&;
tpövmrfonf ESpb f 0\ Nird ;f csr;f om,mrIudk nTejf yonf/ vlaY vmuwGif pm;0wfaea&;onf
vspf v sL½I x m;íjzpf E d k i f a omud p ö r sKd ; um; tvsif ; r[k w f / pm;0wf a ea&; tqif r ajyu
avmukw&å ma&;&mrsm;ukd rqkx d m;ESi?hf avmuDa&;&mrsm;ukyd if aumif;pGm aqmif½u G Ef ikd rf nfr[kwaf y/
tl r awmif h r S oD v apmif h E d k i f o nf [ l a om qk d ½ k d ; pum;onf rS e f u ef v S a yonf / xk d Y t wG u f
uk&ftmefusrf;jrwf (62;10)wGif toifwkdYonf qGvmof aqmufwnfNyD;aomtcg urÇmokdYvSnfhí
tv’m[ft½Sifjrwf\ &du©mawmfukd ½SmazGMuukefavmh}[k twdtvif; rdefYMum;xm;awmfrlonf/
w&m;ojzifh Opömypönf;½SmazG&rnfhtaMumif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í wrefawmfjrwfuvnf; ]qif;&J
EGrf;yg;rIonf omoemyjzpfapwwfonf/ w&m;ojzifh pD;yGm;½SmazGjcif;onf rvkyfrae& wm0efrsm;
aemuf rvGJra½Smifomaom wm0efwpf&yfyifjzpfonf/ toifwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\ tdrfoltdrfom;rsm;
tm; 00vifvif ½SmazGauR;arG;Muukef/ þonf tv’m[ft½Sifjrwf\vrf;awmfü *sD[mh'f oufpGefY
BuKd ;yrf;&mrnfonf}[k rdeMYf um;awmfrcl o hJ nf/
v,f,mukid ;f uRe;f ESihf pufrv I yk if ef;rsm;onf pm;0wfaea&;wGuf tvGet f a&;ygaomvkyif ef;
rsm;jzpfaMumif;ESihf pyfvsO;f ívnf; wrefawmfjrwfu ]toifwo Ydk nf v,f,mukid ;f uRe;f vkyu f ikd Mf u?
v,f,mudkif;uRef;vkyfief;onf tvGefr*Fvm½Sd\? wkd;yGm;\}[lívnf;aumif;? toufarG;
0rf;ausmif;ESifhpyfqkdifaomtwwfynmonfrsm;ukd tv’m[ft½Sifjrwfonf txl;ESpfouf jrwfEkd;
awmfro l nf}[lívnf;aumif; rdeaYf wmfrcl ahJ vonf/
pm;0wfaea&;wGif qlBuHKedrfhjrifh tvGeftuRH uGmjcm;aeygu 'ku©a&mufEdkifonf/ xkdYtwGuf
aMumifh tv’m[ft½Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;jrwf(59;7)wGif ]Opömypönf;onf toifwkdYteuf ukHvkH
<u,f0olwpfp\ k vufwiG ;f üom pkyrHk ae&m}[k twdtvif;rdeMYf um;awmfrjl cif;jzpfonf/
xkdYjyifw0 uk&ftmefusrf;jrwfwGif Zum;ofay;&rnfhtaMumif;? twkd;tnGefYrpm;okH;&rnfh
 -5-

taMumif;? twk;d tnGepYf m;ok;H olrsm;ukw

d u dk &f rnft
h aMumif;? tavmif;tpm;rjyKvyk &f rnft h aMumif;?
taysmt f yg;rvduk pf m;&rnfh taMumif;? ck;d 0Suf wkud cf u
kd f vk,ufjcif; rjyKvyk &f rnft
h aMumif;? rjzKe;f wD;
&rnfhtaMumif;? pm;0wfaea&;wGif tv,ftvwfvrf;pOfukd vdkufem&rnfhtaMumif;? NcdK;NcHpGm
aexdik &f rnft
h aMumif;rsm;ukd txyfxyftcgcg rdeMYf um;xm;awmfro l nf/
rkpfvifrfh*kPf&nf
tpövmrft,l0g'ukd vufceH m,lusio hf ;Hk olwpfO;D onf -
(1) ,kMH unfcsuf rSeu f ef&rnf/
(2) ywf0ef;usiEf iS hf qufqrH aI jyjypf&rnf/
(3) olwpfyg;tusK;d aqmif&rnf/
(4) oDvaumif;&rnf/
(5) ZGo J wå½d &dS rnf/
þtaMumif;ESiphf yfvsO;f í uk&t f mefusr;f jrwfwiG f atmufygtwdik ;f rdeq Yf xdk m;awmfro l nf/
]taY½Sbuf? taemufbufokdY rsufESmrljcif;onf aumif;jrwfonfr[kwf/ aumif;jrwfaom
ol r G e f o l j rwf w k d Y u m; tv’ m [f t ½S i f j rwf t m;vnf ; aumif ; ? aemuf q k H ; aeY u k d v nf ; aumif ; ?
aumif;uifwrefrsm;ukv d nf;aumif;? usr;f *efrsm;ukv d nf;aumif;? wrefawmftaygif;ukv d nf;aumif;
,kMH unfMuonf/ xkjYd yif ¤if;wdo Yk nf rdrw d OYdk pöm ypön;f rsm;ukd ckrH ifMuygvsuf aqGqif;&J rsK;d qif;&Jrsm;ukd
vnf;aumif;? rdwqk;d zwqk;d rsm;ukv d nf;aumif;? qif;&Jom;rsm;ukv d nf;aumif;? 'kuo © nf {nfo h nf
rsm;uk d v nf ; aumif ; ? vuf j zef Y a wmif ; cH p m;aeMu½S m aom ol a wmif ; pm;rsm;uk d v nf ; aumif ; ?
aus;uRefrsm;ukd uRefb0rS vGwfajrmufap&mwGifvnf;aumif; vSL'gef;ay;urf; Muonf/ xkdYjyif
¤if;wko Yd nf qGvmof0wfjyKMuonf/ Zum;ofay;vSLMuonf/ uwdwnfMuonf/ xkjYd yifw0 ¤if;wko Yd nf
qif;&JErG ;f yg;onft h cgwGiv f nf;aumif;? a&m*gzdp;D onft h cgwGivf nf;aumif;? ppfrufjzpfymG ;aeMuonhf
tcgwGiv f nf;aumif; BucHh ikd pf mG &yfwnfaeMuonf/
þ*kP&f nfrsm;ESijhf ynfph o Hk rl sm;onf opöm0g'Drsm;jzpfMuayonf/ þyk*Kd¾ vrf sm;omvQif tv’m[f
t½Sijf rwftm; aMumuf½UHG ½kad ocefn Y m;aom olreG o f jl rwftm;jzpfMuayonf/ (uk&t f mef 2;177)
aemufqkH;rdefYMum;aomMo0g'
wrefawmfjrwfonf [pf*s&f o D uú&mZf (10)ckEpS ?f Zpfv[ f wf*s*f s[v
f (11)&uf? c&pfEpS f (632)ckEpS ?f
rwfv(8)&ufaeYwiG f tv’m[ft½Sijf rwf\ausmif;awmfudk zl;ajrmf&eftwGuf axmifaygif; rsm;pGmaom
om0uBu;D rsm;ESit hf wl ruúmNrKd UawmfteD;½Sd rDemNrKd UwGif a&muf½adS eawmfrcl o hJ nf/ Zpfv[f pf*s*f s[v
f
(9)&uf a eY w G i f tv’ m [f t ½S i f j rwf \ txH a wmf r S ],aeY igt½S i f j rwf o nf toif w k d Y tzk d Y
toifw\ Ydk 0g'ukjd ynfph aHk tmifjyKawmfrv
l u
kd Nf y/D igt½Sijf rwfonf toifwt Ydk zkYd 0g'tjzpf tpövmrfudk
ESpNf cKd uaf wmfrNl y}D [laom tm,ofawmfusa&mufvmcJah yonf/
 -6-

tqkdygtm,ofawmfusa&mufonfhtcg wrefawmfjrwfonf rdrd\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;

jynfhpkHNyDjzpfaMumif;? uG,fvGeftedpöa&muf&eftcsdefrSm eD;uyfvmNyDjzpfaMumif;ukd awG;qqifjcif
ajrmfjrifrad wmhonf/ xkt d cg wrefawmfjrwfonf toifah &muf½adS eaom wpfoed ;f ESpaf omif;cefY ½Sad om
wynf h o m;wk d Y t m; atmuf y gtwd k i f ; tpö v mrf t ,l 0 g'\ tES p f o m&rsm;uk d xk w f a zmf í
w&m;"r®a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
]tk-d uREykf \ f trsK;d om;wk?Yd uREykf Mf o0g'rsm;ukd txl;*½kjyKí emMuuke/f uREykf o f nf toifwEYdk iS hf
aemufEpS f þokaYd wGUqk&H rnf? rawGUqk&H rnfudk twwfrajymEdik /f
þaeYonf tb,faeYjzpfonfudk toifwo Ydk Md uoavm/ þaeYonf rGejf rwfvaS om uk&Af meDaeY
jzpfonf/ þvonf tb,fvjzpfonfukd toifwkdYodMuoavm/ þvonf xl;jrwf aom
Zpfvf[pf*sf*s[fvjzpfonf/ þNrdKUonf rGefjrwfaom ruúmNrdKUawmfjzpfonf/ þaeY þv þNrdKUrsm;
jrifhjrwfouJhokdY toifwkdY\ touf? toifwkdY\pnf;pdrf? toifwkdY\*kPftifj'yfwkdYonf vnf;
jrifjh rwfvaS yonf/ ½kad oav;pm;tyfvaS yonf/
]tcsif;wkdY? toifwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\ZeD;rdef;rrsm;ESifhywfoufí wm0efrysufuGufMuukefvifh/
tv’m[f t½Sijf rwftm; aMumuf½UHG ½kad ocefn Y m;Muuke/f toifw\ Ydk tcGit hf a&;rsm;onf ZeD;rde;f rrsm;
tay:ü½So d uJo
h Ydk ZeD;rde;f rrsm;\tcGit hf a&;rsm;onfvnf; toifwt Ydk ay:½Sad yonf/ ZeD;rde;f rrsm;onf
toifwx Ydk H tyfEx HS m;aom aumif;jrwfvo S nfh &wemrsm;jzpfMuayonf/
]uREfkyfuG,fvGefNyD;aemuf toifwkdY vrf;rrSm;Muap&eftwGuf uREfkyfonf toifwkdYxH
uk&t f mefusr;f jrwfudk xm;½Scd o hJ nf/ toifwo Ydk nf uk&t f mefusr;f jrwfudk qkyu f ikd x
f m;Muukeaf vmh/
]tcsif;wkdY? toifwkdYonf rdrdwkdYvufatmufi,fom;rsm;ukd rESdyfpufMuukefvifh? rdrdwkdY
pm;aomufouJo h yYdk if ¤if;wkt Yd m; auR;arG;Mu/ rdrw d 0Ydk wfqifouJo h Ydk ¤if;wkt Yd m; qif,ifMu/
]tcsi;f wk?Yd toifwo Ydk nf vkyo f m;rsm;tm; wpfaeYvQif tBurd af ygif;(70)wkid w f idk f cGiv
hf wT Mf u?
vkyfom;tm; acR;rajcmufrDvkyfcay;Mu/ cJ,Of;aomtvkyfudpöjzpfygu rdrdwkdYukd,fwkdif yg0if
vkyaf qmifMu/}
]tcsif;wkdY? toifwkdYonf tcsif;csif;nD&if;tpfukdrsm;jzpfMuonf/ rdom;pkBuD;jzpfMuonf/
toifwo Ydk nf wm0efwl tcGiw hf rl sm;jzpfMuonf/}
]tcsi;f wk?Yd toifwo Ydk nf olwpfyg;ypön;f ukd tcGirhf ½Sb d J r,lMuukev f if/h }
]tcsi;f wk?Yd toifwo Ydk nf olwpfyg;ukd ESyd pf ufuvlrjyKMuukev f if/h }
]tcsi;f wk?Yd toifwo Ydk nf tcsi;f csi;f rowfjzwfMuukev f if/h }
]tcsi;f wk?Yd toifwo Ydk nf r[mu½kPm½Sijf zpfawmfral om tv’m[ft½Sijf rwftm; cç, ½ku d sK;d Mu/
aeYpOfig;Burd q f vG mofaqmufwnfMu? &roGmefvü qD, G rfOykoaf qmufwnfMu/ Zum;of ay;vSLMu}
]tcsi;f wk?Yd toifwo Ydk nf rdrw d \ Ydk tmPmydik rf sm;\trdeu Yf edk mcHMu/}
]tcsif;wkdY? toifwkdYonf þonfhMo0g'awmfrsm;ukd vdkufemusifhokH;MuvQif toifwkdYonf
*sEw
é f trwokcbkw H iG f xm0pOfpjH ref;Mu&rnf/
 -7-

]tcsif;wkdY? toifwkdYonf þonfhMo0g'rsm;ukd wqifha[mMum;Mu/}

wref a wmf j rwf o nf ,if ; ok d Y w&m;"r® a [mMum;NyD ; aemuf toif h a &muf ½ S d a eaom
wynfhom;wkdYtm; rdrdonf w&m;"r®a[mMum;rIESifhpyfvsOf;í wm0efausyGefonf? rausyGefonfukd
ar;jref;awmfrl&m wynfhom;rsm;u ]wrefawmfjrwfonf wm0efausyGefawmfrlygNyD}[k wcJeuf
avQmufxm;cJhMuavonf/ xkdtcg wrefawmfjrwfonf aumif;uifokdY vufn§Kd;nTefum ]tkd-
tv’ m [f t ½S i f j rwf ? rS w f a wmf r l y g}[k a vQmuf x m;í rd r d \ wm0ef w k d Y u k d wd u s jywf o m;pG m
aqmif½u G o
f mG ;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
þum; tpövmrf0g'DwYdk vdu k ef musio hf ;Hk Mu&rnfh Mo0g'awmfrsm;wnf;/

j j j

& jrefrmhp,
G pf u
Hk sr;f ? twG-J 15(t)tu©&mu@rS xkwEf w
I af zmfjyonf/ &