Practice Tests - Nguyen Thi Hoang Lan- MA-PBC

PRACTICE TEST
Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to a part of a radio interview in which an author, Kate Sloane, is talking about her
book and decide whether these statements are True (T) or False (F). Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided.
1. As a teenager, Kate Sloane had various interests.
2. Kate's main aim in writing a book about athletes is to pursue her interest in sports research.
3. According to Kate, successful athletes have to make sacrifices.
4. Her experience proves that meditation improves concentration.
5. In order to prevent exhaustion, Kate advises athletes to ignore the pressure.
Part 1. True/ False

1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F

Part 2. For questions 6-10, listen to a talk about memory and answer the questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS taken from the recording for each answer. Write your answers in the space provided.
6. How was Dr. Federik Sullivan’s memory at first?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Beside a computer, what can help you improve your memory?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Beside prolonging life what has a full and active memory been proved to be able to do?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. According to Sullivan, how is the human brain?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. What is the function of long-term memory?
………………………………………………………………………………………..

Part 3. For questions 11-15, listen to a discussion between Belinda Phipps and Kate Andrews about Prime Minister
David Cameron's pledge to close the gender pay gap by making large businesses publish their pay gap figures, and
choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
11. Belinda Phipps suggests that the Equal Pay Act
A. should be repealed by the government.
B. allows equal pay claims to be brought.
C. requires businesses to publish their pay gap figures.
D. is too outdated to exert any effect on the gender wage gap.
12. Why does Kate Andrews mention the data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS)?
A. To encourage women to opt out of the workforce
B. To highlight overall imbalance in favour of women
C. To make a point against the proposed legislation
D. To demonstrate as evidence of gender discrimination in the workplace

13. What puts female workers at a disadvantage compared with their male counterparts?
A. Inability to achieve a work-life balance
B. Unwillingness to stay focused on one career path
C. Mental strength to catch up after falling behind
D. Ineptitude to deal with the harsh realities of working life
14. Belinda Phipps and Kate Andrews agree that
A. whether to work overtime or not is of one’s own accord.
B. gender pay gap is the result of social beliefs rather than employer discrimination.
C. some women tend to be deprived of the right to make free choices related to their career.
D. forcing businesses to publish their pay gap figures cannot solve the issue of income inequality by gender.
15. When the host cites possibilities about the promising future of women at work, Belinda Phipps
A. implies that these have insignificant impact on whether gender pay gap will continue to exist or not.
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 Practice Tests - Nguyen Thi Hoang Lan- MA-PBC
B. asserts that more rigorous action need to be taken to turn these possibilities into realities.
C. claims that such brighter prospects for women would be a turning point in the labor history.
D. contends that such possibilities are baseless and unreliable.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Part 4. You will hear a report on how an explosion in remote learning changes education. Listen and complete the
sentences with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each blank.
Thanks to remote learning, Randal Picker can (16) ………………………...… everything he does in classroom when teaching
online, which can help tie things together in a (17) ………………..………….…………… However, he thinks it’s been (18)
……………………………………… He suggests that (19) ……………………………………… plays an essential part in making
full use of distance learning.
The post office, federal government’s (20) ……………………………….……………………, was built everywhere all over the
country to facilitate connection.
Privacy issues need to be taken into consideration because there has been a (21) …………………….………….…… for
student records.
Together with the evolution of society, law, technology, and the way people use technology all (22)
……..………………………………………………. So, watch out. It would be a mistake for tech users to exchange (23)
…………………………………………..……… for technology.
We need to augment, not replace the (24) …………………………………… where ideas are tested and considered.
Within five years, remote learning will be taken in (25) …………………………………… and put in use.

II. LEXICO- GRAMMAR (20 points)

Part 1. For questions 26-40, choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the following questions. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
26. Has the exact cause of the problem been________ yet?
A. promoted B. pinpointed C. assigned D. attributed
27. The attorney asked his assistant to ________ all the evidence again.
A. spice up B. gnaw at C. ply with D. sift through
28. If your performance doesn't improve, your job will be on the _______.
A. edge B. line C. ceiling D. sack
29. This is ___________ software, and you have no right to copy it without a license from the owner.
A. propitious B. propriety C. propitiatory D. proprietary
30. The ownership of the land is a bone of __________ between the two brothers.
A. confusion B. conquest C. conflict D. contention
31. I was at _____________ to make it clear that I wasn’t blaming either of them.
A. efforts B. trouble C. pains D. endeavours
32. I didn’t want to make a decision _____________ so I said I’d like to think about it.
A. in one go B. there and then C. at a stroke D. on and off
33. My parents tried to persuade me not to go alone, but I_______.
A. sat still B. stayed still C. sat tight D. stayed tight
34. I’ve ____________ count of how many times she’s been late for work this month.
A. lost B. dropped C. excluded D. fallen
35. We were impressed by the __________ service at the hotel and would definitely stay there again.
A. impeccable B. appreciative C. low-cost D. priceless
36. Teamwork requires that everyone should be __________ to each other’s idea.
A. plum B. cushy C. vital D. amenable
37. Candidates for the position of chief communications officer must be able to ________ ideas effectively.
A. cultivate B. facilitate C. articulate D. allocate
38. Many young people feel a sense of __________ and don’t believe they have to work hard.
A. entitlement B. aspiration C. association D. dedication
39. The candidate will try to __________ himself with voters by promising to reduce taxes.
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 Practice Tests - Nguyen Thi Hoang Lan- MA-PBC
A. satiate B. flatter C. ingratiate D. commend
40. I don't have enough money for rent this month, so I guess I'll just have to _______to my parents.
A. go cap in hand B. throw a curve ball C. foot the bill D. give the cut and thrust
Yours answers:
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
Part 2. For questions 41-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the number space provided in the
column on the right.
Your answer
41. In an attempt to blend into their new communities, many foreigners 41. ______________
undergo (CULTURE) and modify their lifestyles.
42. I thought Todd would be furious, but it made him laugh (ROAR). 42. ______________
43. While some people believe that there is an alternate reality for every
possible outcome, this belief cannot be proven and is therefore (SUBSTANTIAL). 43. ______________
44. After the hurricane, many dishonest individuals tried to (WINK)
generous people into donating to fake charities. 44. ______________
45. When my favorite team lost the big game, I was (MUSE)
and did not leave my seat for an hour. 45. ______________

III. READING (50 points)

Part 1. For questions 46-55, read the text below and think of the word that best fits each space. Use only ONE word in
each space.
LEARNING MORE THAN HOW TO SURF
Technology's continual surge forward is well evidenced in television, advertising and multimedia, so it's not difficult to
deduce that the general public's knowledge of computers must develop at the same (46) __________. The level of computer
(47) __________ required to succeed in life is hardly limited to emailing, surfing the web and having a basic knowledge of
Microsoft Word. A seasoned employee is likely to be well versed in the ins and (48) ________ of computer software and
hardware, as least to some extent. In fact, former UK culture minister Ed Vaizey recently postulated that knowing how a
computer works would be on a (49)__________ with a knowledge of the arts and humanities. He also suggested that knowing
a bit about computer coding would acquaint people with the digital world in a way that would allow them to become an active
participant in its evolutionary (50)_________.
Acquiring above-average skills in computer usage isn't even (51) _______that's required, because as computer
systems and programs become obsolete, users have to learn new sets of keystrokes, menu options and interfacing. It (52)
___________ far beyond basic office management and data processing; medical equipment is often tethered (53)
___________ a computer system which aids doctors and nurses in interpreting vital data. While there may still be some fields
of employment in which computers take a back (54) _________ to the work (think fishing), there isn't a job, field or profession
that wouldn’t benefit from a digital revolution. (55) ___________ to think of it, even the smallest of fishing boats are likely to be
fitted with GPS devices!
Your answers:
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

Part 2. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
THE MYSTERY OF SLEEP
Sleep takes us precious time and leaves us vulnerable, so why do we do it?
A. The question of why we sleep has been on people’s minds at least since the time of Aristotle, who believed that the
warming and cooling of the body as a result of digestion caused sleep. Though we know this is incorrect today, other early
theories have held up better. The possibility of a “sleep toxin”- a substance that built up during the day, causing drowsiness,
and was subsequently relieved by sleep- was put forward by Henri Pieron in the early 1900s, and this concept is not unlike
some contemporary ideas about sleep that researchers are pursuing today. It was not until 1953 that Nathaniel Kleitman and
his colleagues identified two different kinds of sleep; REM and non-REM sleep. Many say that this breakthrough paved the

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 Practice Tests - Nguyen Thi Hoang Lan- MA-PBC
way for modern sleep research. But since then, despite the great deal of effort that has been made to better understand sleep,
it is still largely a mysterious phenomenon.
B. Among living things, sleep is practically universal. Even jellyfish, which have no brains, experience something called sleep
pleasure – the need to rest longer after being kept awake. Tiny worms, with only a few neurons, spend time in a sleep-like
state and die more quickly when exposed to stress if this state is prevented. Sharks and dolphins, which must keep moving at
all times in order to breathe, have the ability to sleep with one hemisphere of the brain at a time. Yet, when an animal sleeps,
it cannot protect itself from danger, it cannot eat or reproduce. Sleep is high-risk and costly, so why is it such a universal
phenomenon? Clearly it must be important.
C. One theory about the reason for sleep is that it arose simply as a way to save energy. If there were times when it was
difficult or hazardous for an animal to move around, then it might make sense for them to simply enter a sleep state when all
of their physical systems slow down. That way, they would require less food, and could hide away from danger. The
observation that animals with few natural predators, lions for example, sleep up to 15 hours a day, while small prey animals
seldom sleep more than 5 hours a day, seems to contradict this, however. In addition, the objection has been raised that
sleep only lowers the metabolism by 10-15 percent, so not much energy is, in fact, saved. According to Serge Dan, a
researcher who studied arctic ground squirrels, something else must be taking place. He found that the ground squirrels
would periodically come out of their suspended-animation-like state of hibernation in order to sleep. For these animals, sleep
was actually energetically expensive, so it must serve some other essential purpose.
D. It is well established that the act of sleeping is important for essential brain functions such as memory and learning. A
rapidly increasing body of cognitive research suggests that sleep allows us to consolidate and process information that has
been acquired during the day. Sleep scientist Matthew Walker used MRI scans to visualize activity in the brains of people who
were learning a series of finger movements. One group was allowed to sleep and the other was not. He found differences in
the areas of the brain that were activated when they recalled the movements; the group that had slept showed less activity in
the brain, and better recollection of the task. In other words, the way the memory was stored had become more efficient.
Walker believes that this could explain why toddlers, who are constantly learning new motor skills, require so much more
sleep than adults. Furthermore, Ted Abel, while assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania, found that mice
deprived of sleep for the first five hours after learning did not remember their physical surroundings, while their memory of
facts and events was not affected. This result allowed him to specify that sleep regulates memory in a specific part of the
brain, the hippocampus, which is responsible for memories related to spatial and contextual information. But despite
numerous studies, there are still more questions than answers on the role of sleep in memory and learning.
E. Another theory about the role of sleep is that it is essential for cleanup and repair in the brain and body. Support for this
theory is provided by research that shows periods of REM sleep increase following periods of sleep deprivation and strenuous
physical activity. During sleep, the body also increases its rate of cell division and protein synthesis, further suggesting that
repair and restoration occurs during sleeping periods. Recently, new evidence supporting the repair and restoration theory
has been uncovered. Research has shown that the cellular structure of the brain is altered during sleep, and more space
forms between cells. This allows fluid to move between the cells and flush out toxic waste products. It is believed that these
toxins increase in the central nervous system during waking times, and the restorative function of sleep is a consequence of
their removal.
F. It may seem that all of this new evidence is not making the question of why we sleep any clearer; indeed, the evidence
seems to point to different explanations. In this context it seems important to remember that there may not be one correct
answer, but instead it could be a combination. While the idea that sleep is a method of energy conservation seems to be
falling out of favor, it seems more and more likely that benefits for memory and learning, the cleanup of the brain and the
repair of the body can all be attributed to a good night’s sleep.
Questions 56-60
Which paragraph contains the following information?
56. __________ how researchers can see what is happening inside the brain
57. __________ an example of lack of sleep being deadly
58. __________ a particular discovery that was essential for how we view sleep today
59. __________ how sleep might have arisen from threatening conditions
60. __________ how the brain physically changes during sleep

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 Practice Tests - Nguyen Thi Hoang Lan- MA-PBC
Questions 61-64
Look at the following statements and the list of researchers below. Match each statement with the correct researcher
A-E
A. Henri Pieron
B. Nathaniel Kleitman
C. Serge Dan
D. Matthew Walker
E. Ted Abel
61. __________ Sleep is essential for the recollection only of certain types of memory.
62. __________ The fact that sleep requirements vary with age alludes to its role.
63. __________ A chemical that promotes sleep accumulates throughout the day.
64. __________ An example in the natural world contradicts the concept that sleep arose to save energy.
Questions 65-66
Which TWO theories does the writer question the validity of?
A. Sleep pressure is proof of the necessity of sleep
B. Animals’ sleeping habits are related to their place on the food chain.
C. Sleep is related to changes in body temperature.
D. Sleep prevents the unnecessary burning of calories.
E. There are different types of sleep with different functions.
Questions 67-68
Which TWO points does the writer mention in support of the importance of sleep for memory?
A. During sleep, unimportant memories are removed.
B. Sleep makes recollection more effortless.
C. Sleep results in more activity throughout the brain.
D. The function of a specific brain region is affected by sleep.
E. Sleep duration modifies learning.
Your answers:
56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62.
63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68.
Part 3. You are going to read an article in which seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 69-75, read the
passage and choose from paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra paragraph which you do not need
to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
THE LAST STAND OF THE AMAZON
Novelist Edward Docx has spent almost a decade travelling to the Amazon, watching as multinational companies ravage the
land he loves. Here is his heartfelt dispatch on the forest’s final frontier – still home to as many as 100 uncontacted tribes.
Deep in the Brazillian Amazon, there are no horizons and so the dawn does not break but is instead born in the trees – a wan
and smoky blue. The crazed clamour of the night – growls, hoots, croaks – has died away and for a moment there is almost
hush. This is also the only time of cool. Then, suddenly, the great awakening begins and the air is filled with a thousand
different songs, chirps, squawks and screeches – back and forth, far and near, all around. Nothing anywhere can prepare you
for this unique experience in a supremely challenging part of the world.
69.
The area of the Amazon rainforest is larger than Western Europe and the forest stretches over nine countries. There are
approximately 1,250 tributaries that service the main river. 17 of which are more than 1000 miles long. Roughly a fifth of the
earth’s oxygen is produced in the Amazon rainforest and more than two-fifths of all the species in the world live there.
Surprisingly enough, oil is one of the main resurgent threats to the region.
70.
Major disruption and destruction to the forest usually follows, starting with seismic testing and then helicopters, roads, crews,
and so on. And inevitably, there are catastrophic spills and accidents. Health studies have found that 98 percent of the
children of the indigenous Achuar tribe have high levels of cadmium in their blood, and two-thirds suffer from lead poisoning.
A lawsuit is currently being brought to court by some of their members due to the contamination of the region.
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71.
Neatriz Huartas Castillo, a writer and researcher, explains: “They are indigenous peoples who, either by choice or by chance,
live in remote isolation from their national societies. There are at least 14 such tribes in Peru. We think 69 in Brazil. Maybe
100 in the Amazon area as a whole.” They are among the handful of peoples left alive on the planet who have next to no idea
of what the world has become and who live as they have done for thousands of years.
72.
“I spoke to Mashco- Piro women when they were first contacted,” says Castillo. “And they were terrified of disease, of being
slaughtered, of their children being taken to slavery. In the past, every encounter has brought terror for them - they have no
immunity to our diseases and they were thought of as animals, even hunted. Now they see the loggers and the oil companies
coming in a little further every year. And for them it’s the same thing so they flee into neighboring territories.”
73.
The problems of this new threat, as explorer, writer and Amazon expert John Hemming explained, are these: the territories of
tribes such as the Kayapo will be flooded, vast amounts of the greenhouse gas methane will be released, due to rotting
vegetation, further roads and colonization will happen in their wake, they change the flow and run of all the river systems,
which affects untold numbers of aquatic species, meaning that more food will have to be imported for consumption, more
roads will have to be built, and so grimly on.
74.
“Since the 2004 peak of 27,000 sq km of forest destroyed, matters have improved with regard to deforestation,” he says
when I call him at his home in Manaus, the great river city right in the heart of the Amazon. “Last year we only lost 6,500 sq
km.” However, that is still an area more than four times the size of Greater London.
75.
His grandfather had been among the first of his tribe to be contacted and his own sons were wearing football shirts, his eldest
was training to be a guide. He put it like this: the Amazon matters because right now it is where humanity is making its biggest
decisions –actualities that have an impact first on the lives of his children, but eventually on the lives of ours too. To have no
view, I realized as I left, amounted to much the same as being a hypocrite.
Missing paragraphs
A. It is important to acknowledge though, that not everything is getting worse. Some of the campaigning in the past 20 years
has worked and there are cautious grounds for hope. Paulo Adario, a veteran ecologist, is one of the individuals to have done
most in the service of conservation, and he is happy to bring me up-to-date.
B. There are hundreds of such tribes in the forest – many of them now enmeshed in “integration projects” or other
demoralizing fiascos – but those that most often capture international attention are the uncontacted. There is some dispute,
however, as to what exactly is meant by the term.
C. The best way to think about these few remaining isolated tribes is to imagine a series of concentric circles. There are the
tribes that have regular relations with the outside. Then there are a good number of tribes who have very circumscribed
dealings with the outside world. Then finally, in the heart of the forest, there are these few remaining peoples with none.
D. Time on the river is like time at sea. It’s measured in the way the light changes the color of the water. At dawn, there are
mists and the river appears almost milky. By noon it is the color of cinnamon. And then, in the evening, the low sun shoots
streaks of amber and gold before the dusk rises up and everything turns to indigo. One such evening, we visited a fisherman.
E. Tribal leaders have even been to London to complain, saying that these dams will force their people from the land and
threaten their way of life. There has also recently been an unprecedented operation to destroy the unlawful gold-mining
dredgers that are now killing off river habitants by dredging up silt.
F. The amount of land that has been covered by concessions for its extraction, together with gas, has increased fivefold in the
last ten years – almost 50 percent of the entire Peruvian-owned Amazon. This means that the government has effectively sold
off half of the rainforest it owns for this purpose and 75 percent is forecast by 2020.
G. One reason we struggle to understand the region is that there is so much to take in. And because there has been some
good news on the headline problem – deforestation – it has faded in our collective consciousness in the past few years. So it’s
worth stepping back and reminding ourselves of some of the fundamentals.
H. In other words, it is the incursions and what follows that have the most impact. But now another problem is causing
acrimony, fear and dispute. More than 100 new hydroelectric dams are planned across Brazil and Peru, including the most
controversial of all – the Belo Monte Project on the Xingu river.
Your answers:

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 Practice Tests - Nguyen Thi Hoang Lan- MA-PBC
69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.
Part 4. For questions 76-85, read an article about obesity and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best
according to the text.
[1] In the southeastern Pacific Ocean, on the piece of land known as Easter Island (now a territory of Chile), stand several
hundred massive stone monoliths. These carvings, called “moai,” are recognizable by their oversized heads, with their heavy brows,
long noses, elongated ears, and protruding lips. While they average four meters in height and 12.5 tonnes, the largest is almost 10
meters tall and the heaviest weighs a full 86 tons. The upright sculptures are scattered around Easter Island, many installed on
platforms called “ahu” along the coast, while others are more inland and several stand near the main volcanic quarry of Rano
Raraku. The Rapa Nui people of the island built a total of 887 of these impressive statues between the 12th and 16th centuries.
They were, it is said, symbols of religious and political authority, embodiments of powerful chiefs or ancestors which faced inland
toward the island’s villages, perhaps watching over their creators, keeping them safe.
[2] While the very creation of such monoliths – most out of volcanic ash with stone hand chisels – is an impressive
feat, what is more remarkable (not to mention mysterious) is how they were transported to their resting places. In the past,
most researchers associated the building and transportation of the moai with widespread deforestation on the island and eventual
collapse of the Rapa Nui civilization. This hypothesis is based, in part, on the fact that the pollen record suddenly disappears at the
same time as the Rapa Nui people stopped constructing the moai and transporting them with the help of wooden logs. How exactly
would logs facilitate the movement of the statues? Most proponents of this method believe that the people created “rollers” by
arranging parallel logs on which the prone statues were pulled, or pushed. They would not have required an entire roadway of logs,
since logs from the back could be placed at the front, creating a moving platform of sorts. To make it easier to roll, and keep in
position, the statue would be placed on two logs arranged in a V shape.
[3] One proponent of this idea of rolling the statues in a prone position is Jo Anne Van Tilburg, of UCLA. [A]Van Tilburg
created sophisticated computer models that took into account available materials, routes, rock, and manpower, even factoring in
how much the workers would have to have eaten. Her models supported the idea that rolling prone statues was the most efficient
method. [B] As further evidence, Van Tilburg oversaw the movement of a moai replica by the method she had proposed. [C] They
were successful, but evidence that it was possible is not necessarily evidence that it actually happened. [D]
[4] Van Tilburg was not the only one to have experimented with rolling the statues. In the 1980s, archaeologist Charles
Love experimented with rolling the moai in an upright position, rather than prone, on two wooden runners. Indeed, a team of
just 25 men was able to move the statue a distance of 150 feet in a mere two minutes. However, the route from the stone
quarries where the statues were built to the coast where they were installed was often uneven, and Love’s experiments
were hampered by the tendency of the statues to tip over. While Love’s ideas were dismissed by many, the idea of the
statutes tipping over along the route was consistent with the many moai found on their sides or faces beside the island’s
ancient roads. And local legend held that the statues “walked” to their destinations, which would seem to support an upright
mode of transportation. In fact, rolling was not the only possible way of transporting the moai in an upright position.
[5] In the 1980s, Pavel Pavel and Thor Heyerdahl had experimented with swiveling the statues forward. With one rope tied
around the head and another around the base, they were able to move a five-ton moai with only eight people, and a nine-ton
statue with 16. However, they abandoned their efforts when their technique proved too damaging; as they shuffled the statues
forward, the bases were chipped away. This confounding factor led most to believe that an upright, rope-assisted walking
method was incorrect.
[6] But many now believe that they were, in fact, transported upright. In 2012, Carl Lipo of California State University
Long Beach and Terry Hunt of the University of Hawaii teamed up with archaeologist Sergio Rapu to refine the upright walking
idea. They found that the statues that appeared to be abandoned in transit had bases with a curved front edge. This meant
they would naturally topple forward and would need to be modified once they reached their destinations. But that curved edge
also meant that they could easily be rocked forward using a small team of people and three ropes attached to the head.
Indeed, their experiments demonstrated the feasibility of this method, and their theory has gained traction.
76. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?
A. The transportation of the moai is both remarkable and mysterious, but not as impressive as the actual creation of the
statutes.
B. The moai were carved with stone hand chisels, which is an impressive accomplishment, but it is still unknown whether the
people actually transported them.
C. The creation of the moai is amazing, but not as amazing as how they were transported.
D. The transportation of the moai is remarkable, mysterious, and as impressive as their creation with simple hand tools.

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 Practice Tests - Nguyen Thi Hoang Lan- MA-PBC
77. In paragraph 2, what does the author say about past theories of how the moai were transported from quarries to their
resting places?
A. The theories claimed that that use of natural resources for transporting moai had devastating effects on the land and society.
B. The theories relied on evidence of log roadways that remained long after the Napa Nui people had disappeared.
C. The theories were supported by oral accounts of the use of wood by the Rapa Nui people at the time the moai were
constructed and transported.
D. The theories were based on inaccurate estimates of the amount of wood required to transport moai over long distances.
78. The word 'they' in paragraph 2 refers to:
A. proponents B. the people C. rollers D. statues.
79. Why does the author mention “sophisticated computer models” developed by Jo Anne Van Tilburg in paragraph 3?
A. to emphasize the difficulty of theorizing about the activities of people in the remote past
B. to demonstrate that Van Tilburg’s hypothesis appeared to be supported by evidence.
C. to cast doubt on theories that relied more on experimentation than on effective digital modeling.
D. to show how archaeology can apply modern tools to ancient mysteries.
80. Examine the four positions A, B, C and D in the third paragraph and indicate at which position the following sentence
could be inserted into the passage:
Her data appeared to demonstrate that an average-sized moai could be moved approximately 10 kilometers in 4.7
days with a team of 70 people.
A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]
81. In paragraph 3, what does the author NOT suggest about Jo Anne Van Tilburg’s hypothesis concerning the method of
transporting the moai?
A. The use of computer modelling provides evidence that rolling statues on logs would have been a very efficient method of
transportation.
B. It was supported by successful attempts at replicating how the Rapa Nui people may have rolled the statues on logs.
C. It provides conclusive evidence that the Rapa Nui people used log-rolling techniques to move the moai.
D. It did not take into account enough possible variables to provide reasonable justification for the log-rolling method.
82. What can be inferred from paragraph 6 about the statues found at their eventual resting places?
A. They showed signs of having been tipped over on their sides at some point in transit.
B. The people intended for them to be located elsewhere but were constrained by their transportation methods.
C. Many were, in fact, created where they were installed rather than at the quarries that were originally assumed to be the
place of creation.
D. They did not have curved front edge.
83. Which of the following methods of transportation does the author say is supported by the most compelling evidence?
A. The rolling of moai in an upright position on logs.
B. The shuffling of moai with ropes tied to the head and base.
C. The rolling of moai in a prone position.
D. The rocking of moai with ropes tied to the head.
84. The word “hampered” in bold in the passage is closest in meaning with
A. increased B. embraced C. prevented D. induced
85. Which of the followings is NOT true according to the passage.
A. The statues that were located around the island were transported to the stone quarries from the interior of the island.
B. Experiments with moving the moai using ropes have demonstrated the likelihood that they were transported in an upright
position
C. The condition of the road, the availability of materials, and the construction of the statues are all important variables in
determining how they were transported.
D. Many theories suggested the use of logs to roll the statues, which may not be connected to the eventual collapse of the
civilization.
Your answers:
76. 77. 78. 79. 80.
81. 82. 83. 84. 85.
Part 5. For questions 86-95, read the passage and do the task that follows. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided.

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 Practice Tests - Nguyen Thi Hoang Lan- MA-PBC
A. Travelling across the Desert.
Crossing the Sahara is a dangerous business. George- Marie Haardt needed no reminder of this. During the desert leg of his
1924 expedition’s 15,000 mile trip, the expedition’s eight trucks travelled for 330 miles without finding a drop of water. “Any
breeze there is, becomes a torment,” the team reported. “We are suffocated, saturated with dust; we could almost believe
ourselves to be like men turned into red brick.” Writer Donovan Webster confirms this. “People die all the time,” he says.
“That’s why you go with someone you trust.” Don reckoned a little technology wouldn’t hurt, though. “When I mentioned to my
guide, a Tuareg tribeman from Niger, that I had a GPS (global positioning system) receiver to help us navigate, he said he
didn’t need it,” says Don. “I’ve got TPS”, he told me “Tuareg positioning system”. And he did! He could find his way anywhere
just by seeing ripples in the sand. He was as interested in my world as I was in his,”. Don recalls. “When I showed him a photo
of my kids at Niagara Falls, he wanted to keep it. He thought the kids were sweet – but couldn’t imagine that much water in
the world.”
B. The lady of the Lines
Maria Reiche, a German mathematician, devoted fifty years of her life to protecting and studying the Nazca lines of the Inca.
Born in Dresden in 1903, she arrived in Peru, became fascinated by the Inca culture and initially found archaeological work. It
was when, however, she overheard someone discussing giant figures carved into the ground south of Lima that she found what
was to become her life’s work. Instantly mesmerized by these strange objects, she began to study them alone. “I walked along
them to understand their meaning,” she said. “I noticed that they formed figures, a spider, a monkey, a bird” After surveying
around 1,000 lines, she wrote her book Mystery of the Desert, published in 1949. In order to spend more time with the
geoglyphs, she setup home on the edge of the desert, living off fruit and nuts and sleeping under the stars. If vandals dared to
set foot near the lines, she shooed them away, so determined that the lines should be preserved that when plans were made to
flood the area for agricultural use, she successfully blocked the move. Her tireless work has now resulted in the Nazca lines
having been declared a World Heritage Site and she is regarded by some as a national heroine; she is Saint Maria, “Lady of the
Lines”. When she died in 1998 aged 95, the question arose of who would now protect the lines, which were becoming
increasingly threatened by vandals, looters, irresponsible tourists and changing weather patterns. Fortunately, however, the UN’s
cultural agency has recently donated a substantial amount for their long term conservation.
C. Marine research
The World Centre for Exploration has been running since 1904. Our international, professional society has been a meeting
point and unifying force for explorers and scientists worldwide. The Explorers Club is dedicated to the advancement of field
research, scientific exploration, and the ideal that it is vital to preserve the instinct to explore. We foster these goals by
providing research grants, educational lectures and publications, expedition planning assistance, exciting adventure travel
programmes and a forum where experts in all the diverse fields of science and exploration can meet to exchange ideas.
March will mark the fifth year of the running of the Kosa Reef Protection Project. The project is a joint effort by Kosa Marine
resources, an international group of volunteer divers, and island support staff. Divers prepare fish inventories, photo and video
records, and take scientific measurements documenting reef status. For the first time, this year’s team will employ protocols
developed by the international organization “Reef Check”. The Explorers Club also offers modest expedition grants for
expeditions that forge links between space and earth exploration. Expeditions working in extreme environments or using
satellite and space related technologies should contact us at the following address.
D. Bahariya’s Tombs
After 2,600 years, a desert oasis yields the long-sought tombs of its legendary governor and his family. The streets of El
Bawiti, the largest town in Bahariya Oasis, are busier now. Hotels have been built since more than 200 Graeco-Roman
mummies were discovered nearby. Yet, El Bawiti hid an older secret. The tombs of Bahariya’s legendary governor, Zed-
Khones-uef-ankh, his father, and his wife were discovered in a maze of chambers beneath local homes. Archaeologists had
been looking for Zed-Khones-uef-ankh ever since the tombs of three of the governor’s relatives were discovered in 1938. Zed-
th
Khones-uef-ankh ruled Bahariya during Egypt’s 26 dynasty, a time when the isolated oases of the Western Desert were
strategically important buffers against invaders. Bahariya, with governors who were wealthy men with connections to the
throne, flourished at the crossroads of caravan routes.
In which section are the following mentioned?
86. ________ the extremely frugal lifestyle of a researcher.
87. ________ the problems associated with the continued preservation of a site.
88. ________ the availability of funds for particular types of researchers.
89. ________ the ability to navigate an area without technological help
90. ________ a description of an ancient piece of sculpture.

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 Practice Tests - Nguyen Thi Hoang Lan- MA-PBC
91. ________ a summary of a region’s historical culture.
92. ________ the suffering travellers endured on a journey.
93. ________ the promotion of interdisciplinary cooperation
94. ________ the discovery of a lost monument
95. ________ preventing the destruction of an ancient site.

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