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A d v e rt i se He re
(#7011)

Re: Number System - 04-09-2008, 12:28 PM

rahulshaitan
Waiting for my joining.....
Hardcore PaGaL Quote:

Originally Posted by nidhisoni24

m sure my answers r correct thts y i said his ans is wrong...answere for last digit
qs ia 29...

Posts: 391
Join Date: Jun 2007 i have posted my approach and answ er is coming 89.
Age: 23 if my approach is wrong please correct my approach
Thanks: 77
Thanked 149 Times in 69
Posts Last edited by rahulshaitan; 04-09-2008 at 01:06 PM.
Groans: 4
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A d v e rt i se He re

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(#7012)

Re: Number System - 04-09-2008, 12:34 PM

MaskedMenace
A d v e rt i se He re FMS ding! 98.8%ile in cat with
72%ile in quant :( Quote:
C ertified PaGaL
PG MADCAPZ Originally Posted by poojadatta
@ masked menace I made two minor mistake in that I have corrected it. Let me
know which part you did not understood.
r[2222^(6k+5)/7]=3

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r[5555^(2k+2)]/7]=4
if this was the reason of doubt then I think it should be as I made mistake in this it
should be
r[2222^(6k+5)/7]=5
r[5555^(2k+2)]/7]=2
Posts: 2,750
Join Date: Aug 2008 ya..got it now...
Location: Bangalore
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Groaned at 11 Times in 11
Posts

(#7013)

Re: Number System - 04-09-2008, 12:36 PM

riya0910
has no status.
Newbie PaGaL Can Anyone please help me in getting the solution to:
Remainder w hen 2^1990 is divided by 1990

Posts: 21
Join Date: Mar 2008
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(#7014)

Re: Number System - 04-09-2008, 12:43 PM

MaskedMenace
FMS ding! 98.8%ile in cat with
72%ile in quant :( Quote:
C ertified PaGaL
PG MADCAPZ Originally Posted by riya0910
Can Anyone please help me in getting the solution to:
Remainder when 2^1990 is divided by 1990

shivam had done it..chk previous threads..

Posts: 2,750
Join Date: Aug 2008
Location: Bangalore
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(#7015)

Re: Number System - 04-09-2008, 12:51 PM

nidhisoni24
sleeping :mg:
Expert PaGaL Quote:

Originally Posted by rahulshaitan

i have posted my approach and answer is coming 8.
if my approach is wrong please correct my approach

hey rahul yes ur right...i didi calculation mistake...m sorry for tht

Posts: 158
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(#7016)

Re: Number System - 04-09-2008, 01:15 PM

rahulshaitan
Waiting for my joining.....
Hardcore PaGaL Quote:

Originally Posted by riya0910

Can Anyone please help me in getting the solution to:
Remainder when 2^1990 is divided by 1990

Posts: 391 in denominator we have 1990

Join Date: Jun 2007 now braek this into two coprime nos.
Age: 23 1990=10 x 199
Thanks: 77
Thanked 149 Times in 69 now find the rem. individually for these two coprime nos seperately
Posts
Groans: 4 rem[2^1990/10]
Groaned at 7 Times in 6 Posts which is equal to the last digit = 4
therefore the number is of the form 10a + 4
now find rem[2^1990/199]
=rem[2^10/199]
=29
therefore the number is of the form 199b = 29

now equate the two equations obtained

10a+4=199b+29

solve this this equation is satisfied for b=5

therefore the remainder is 1024

hope it's clear now

Last edited by rahulshaitan; 04-09-2008 at 01:21 PM.

(#7017)

Re: Number System - 04-09-2008, 01:24 PM

rahulshaitan
Waiting for my joining.....
Hardcore PaGaL Quote:

Originally Posted by nidhisoni24

hey rahul yes ur right...i didi calculation mistake...m sorry for tht

it's alryt
Posts: 391 no problem
Join Date: Jun 2007
Age: 23
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(#7018)

Re: Number System - 04-09-2008, 01:29 PM

rahulshaitan
Waiting for my joining.....
Hardcore PaGaL hello everyone i found this theory on net and its really helpful for those who find
difficulty in finding remainders so i m posting this here
REMAINDERS

Suppose the numbers N 1 , N 2 , N 3 … give quotients Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 … and

remainders R 1 , R 2 , R 3 ..., respectively, when divided by a common divisor D.
Therefore N 1 = D × Q 1 + R 1 ,
N2 =D× Q 2 +R2 ,
Posts: 391 N 3 = D × Q 3 + R 3 .. and so on.
Join Date: Jun 2007
Let P be the product of N 1 , N 2 , N 3 …
Age: 23
Thanks: 77
Therefore, P = N 1 N 2 N 3 ..
Thanked 149 Times in 69 = (D × Q 1 + R 1 )(D × Q 2 + R 2 )(D × Q 3 + R 3 )..
Posts = D × K + R 1 R 2 R 3 ... w here K is some number ---- (1)
Groans: 4 In the above equation, only the product R 1 R 2 R 3 … is free of D, therefore the
Groaned at 7 Times in 6 Posts remainder w hen P is divided by D is the remainder when the product R 1 R 2 R 3 … is
divided by D.
Let S be the sum of N 1 , N 2 , N 3 …
Therefore, S = (N 1 ) + (N 2 ) + (N 3 ) +...
= (D × Q 1 + R 1 ) + (D × Q 2 + R 2 ) + (D × Q 3 + R 3 )..
= D × K + R 1 + R 2 + R 3 … where K is some number--- (2)
Hence the remainder when S is divided by D is the remainder when R 1 + R 2 + R 3 is
divided by D.
Examples:

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1. What is the remainder when the product 1998 × 1999 × 2000 is divided by
7?

Answer: the remainders w hen 1998, 1999, and 2000 are divided by 7 are 3, 4, and 5
respectively. Hence the final remainder is the remainder when the product 3 × 4 × 5
= 60 is divided by 7.
Answer = 4

1. What is the remainder when 2 2004 is divided by 7?

2 2004 is again a product (2 × 2 × 2... (2004 times)). Since 2 is a number less than 7
we try to convert the product into product of numbers higher than 7. Notice that 8 =
2 × 2 × 2. Therefore we convert the product in the following manner-
2 2004 = 8 668 = 8 × 8 × 8... (668 times).
The remainder when 8 is divided by 7 is 1.
Hence the remainder when 8 668 is divided by 7 is the remainder obtained when the
product 1 × 1 × 1... is divided by 7
Answer = 1

1. What is the remainder when 2 2006 is divided by 7?

This problem is like the previous one, except that 2006 is not an exact multiple of 3
so w e cannot convert it completely into the form 8 x . We will write it in follow ing
manner-
2 2006 = 8 668 × 4.
Now, 8 668 gives the remainder 1 when divided by 7 as we have seen in the
previous problem. And 4 gives a remainder of 4 only when divided by 7. Hence the
remainder w hen 2 2006 is divided by 7 is the remainder when the product 1 × 4 is
divided by 7.
Answer = 4

1. What is the remainder when 25 25 is divided by 9?

Again 25 25 = (18 + 7) 25 = (18 + 7)(18 + 7)...25 times = 18K + 7 25

Hence remainder when 25 25 is divided by 9 is the remainder when 7 25 is divided by
9.
Now 7 25 = 7 3 × 7 3 × 7 3 .. (8 times) × 7 = 343 × 343 × 343... (8 times) × 7.
The remainder when 343 is divided by 9 is 1 and the remainder when 7 is divided by
9 is 7.
Hence the remainder when 7 25 is divided by 9 is the remainder we obtain when the
product 1 × 1 × 1... (8 times) × 7 is divided by 9. The remainder is 7 in this case.
Hence the remainder when 25 25 is divided by 9 is 7.
Some Special Cases:
2.1A When both the dividend and the divisor have a factor in common.
Let N be a number and Q and R be the quotient and the remainder when N is divided
by the divisor D.
Hence, N = Q × D + R.
Let N = k × A and D = k × B where k is the HCF of N and D and k > 1.
Hence kA = Q × kB + R.
Let Q 1 and R 1 be the quotient and the remainder when A is divided by B.
Hence A = B × Q 1 + R 1 .
Putting the value of A in the previous equation and comparing we get-
k(B × Q 1 + R 1 ) = Q × kB + R --> R = kR 1 .
Hence to find the remainder when both the dividend and the divisor have a factor in
common,

1. Take out the c ommon factor (i.e. divide the numbers by the common
factor)
Divide the resulting dividend (A) by resulting divisor (B) and find the
remainder (R 1 ).
The real remainder R is this remainder R1 multiplied by the common
factor (k).

Examples

1. What the remainder when 2 96 is divided by 96?

The common factor betw een 2 96 and 96 is 32 = 2 5 .

Removing 32 from the dividend and the divisor we get the numbers 2 91 and 3
respectively.
The remainder when 2 91 is divided by 3 is 2.
Hence the real remainder will be 2 multiplied by common factor 32.
Answer = 64
2.1B THE CONCEPT OF NEGATIVE REMAINDER
15 = 16 × 0 + 15 or
15 = 16 × 1 – 1.
The remainder when 15 is divided by 16 is 15 the first case and −1 in the second
case.
Hence, the remainder when 15 is divided by 16 is 15 or −1.
--> When a number N < D gives a remainder R (= N) when divided by D, it gives a
negative remainder of R − D.
For example, when a number gives a remainder of −2 with 23, it means that the
number gives a remainder of 23 – 2 = 21 with 23.
EXAMPLE

1. Find the remainder when 7 52 is divided by 2402.

Answer: 7 52 = (7 4 ) 13 = (2401) 13 = (2402 – 1) 13 = 2402K + (−1) 13 = 2402K −1.

Hence, the remainder when 7 52 is divided by 2402 is equal to −1 or 2402 – 1 =
2401.
Answer: 2401.
2 .1C When dividend is of the form a n + b n or a n – b n :

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EXAMPLES

1. What is the remainder when 3 444 + 4 333 is divided by 5?

Answer:
The dividend is in the form a x + b y . We need to change it into the form a n + b n .
3 444 + 4 333 = (3 4 ) 111 + (4 3 ) 111 .
Now (3 4 ) 111 + (4 3 ) 111 will be divisible by 3 4 + 4 3 = 81 + 64 = 145.
Since the number is divisible by 145 it will certainly be divisible by 5.
Hence, the remainder is 0.

1. What is the remainder when (5555) 2222 + (2222) 5555 is divided by 7?

Answer:
The remainders when 5555 and 2222 are divided by 7 are 4 and 3 respectively.
Hence, the problem reduces to finding the remainder w hen (4) 2222 + (3) 5555 is
divided by 7.
Now (4) 2222 + (3) 5555 = (4 2 ) 1111 + (3 5 ) 1111 = (16) 1111 + (243) 1111 .
Now (16) 1111 + (243) 1111 is divisible by 16 + 243 or it is divisible by 259, which is
a multiple of 7.
Hence the remainder when (5555) 2222 + (2222) 5555 is divided by 7 is zero.

1. 20 2004 + 16 2004 – 3 2004 − 1 is divisible by:

(a) 317 (b) 323 (c) 253 (d) 91

Solution: 20 2004 + 16 2004 – 3 2004 – 1 = (20 2004 – 3 2004 ) + (16 2004 – 1 2004
).
Now 20 2004 – 3 2004 is divisible by 17 (Theorem 3) and 16 2004 – 1 2004 is
divisible by 17 (Theorem 2).
Hence the complete expression is divisible by 17.
20 2004 + 16 2004 – 3 2004 – 1 = (20 2004 – 1 2004 ) + (16 2004 – 3 2004 ).
Now 20 2004 – 1 2004 is divisible by 19 (Theorem 3) and 16 2004 – 3 2004 is
divisible by 19 (Theorem 2).
Hence the complete expression is also divisible by 19.
Hence the complete expression is divisible by 17 × 19 = 323.
2.1D When f(x) = a + bx + cx 2 + dx 3 +... is divided by x – a

EXAMPLES

1. What is the remainder when x 3 + 2x 2 + 5x + 3 is divided by x + 1?

Answer: The remainder when the expression is divided by (x − (−1)) will be f(−1).
Remainder = (−1) 3 + 2(−1) 2 + 5(−1) + 3 = −1

1. If 2x 3 −3x 2 + 4x + c is divisible by x – 1, find the value of c.

Since the expression is divisible by x – 1, the remainder f(1) should be equal to zero.
Or 2 – 3 + 4 + c = 0, or c = −3.
2 .1E Fermat’s Theorem

EXAMPLE

1. What is the remainder when n 7 – n is divided by 42?

Answer: Since 7 is prime, n 7 – n is divisible by 7.

n 7 – n = n(n 6 – 1) = n (n + 1)(n – 1)(n 4 + n 2 + 1)
Now (n – 1)(n)(n + 1) is divisible by 3! = 6
Hence n 7 – n is divisible by 6 x 7 = 42.
Hence the remainder is 0.
2.1F Wilson ’s Theorem

EXAMPLE

1. Find the remainder when 16! Is divided by 17.

16! = (16! + 1) -1 = (16! + 1) + 16 – 17

Every term except 16 is divisible by 17 in the above expression. Hence the remainder
= the remainder obtained when 16 is divided by 17 = 16
Answer = 16
2.1G TO FIND THE NUMBER OF NUMBERS, THAT ARE LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO A
CERTAIN NATURAL NUMBER N, AND THAT ARE DIVISIBLE BY A CERTAIN
INTEGER
To find the number of numbers, less than or equal to n, and that are divisible by a
certain integer p, w e divide n by p. The quotient of the division gives us the number
of numbers divisible by p and less than or equal to n.
EXAMPLE
19. How many numbers less than 400 are divisible by 12?
Answer: Dividing 400 by 12, we get the quotient as 33. Hence the number of
numbers that are below 400 and divisible by 12 is 33.
20. How many numbers between 1 and 400, both included, are not divisible either by
3 or 5?
Answer: We first find the numbers that are divisible by 3 or 5. Dividing 400 by 3 and
5, w e get the quotients as 133 and 80 respectively. Among these numbers divisible
by 3 and 5, there are also numbers which are divisible both by 3 and 5 i.e. divisible by
3 x 5 = 15. W e have counted these numbers twice. Dividing 400 by 15, w e get the
quotient as 26.
Hence the number divisible by 3 or 5 = 133 + 80 – 26 = 187
Hence, the numbers not divisible by 3 or 5 are = 400 – 187 = 213.

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21. How many numbers between 1 and 1200, both included, are not divisible by any
of the numbers 2, 3 and 5?
Answer: as in the previous example, we first find the number of numbers divisible by
2, 3, or 5. from set theory we have
n(AUBUC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
n(2U3U5) = n(2) + n(3) + n(5) – n(6) – n(15) – n(10) + n(30)
à n(2U3U5) = 600 + 400 + 240 – 200 – 80 – 120 + 40 = 880
Hence number of numbers not divisible by any of the numbers 2, 3, and 5
= 1200 – 880 = 320.

Last edited by rahulshaitan; 04-09-2008 at 04:58 PM.

The Following 6 Users Say Thank You to rahulshaitan For This Useful Post:
anand_953 (04-09-2008), Go_GettIt (04-09-2008), MaskedMenace (04-09-2008), parag01 (04-09-2008), prade (04-09-2008),
SHIKHA mehta (26-12-2008)

(#7019)

Re: Number System - 05-09-2008, 10:25 AM

guerrero
look what the cat dragged in
Trainee PaGaL Puys! I again 've a doubt here...
33^34^35 mod7 gives ans:4
but how is it 2?? (posted in somewhere back).
some cyclicity been used..can some body make it clear.
Posts: 95 also, 55^52^50 mod 7 ans 1??
Join Date: Jan 2008
Thanks: 48 thnks!
Thanked 23 Times in 17 Posts
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Groaned at 2 Times in 2 Posts

(#7020)

Re: Number System - 05-09-2008, 11:01 AM

rahulshaitan
Waiting for my joining.....
Hardcore PaGaL Quote:

Originally Posted by guerrero

Puys! I again 've a doubt here...
33^34^35 mod7 gives ans:4
but how is it 2?? (posted in somewhere back).
some cyclicity been used..can some body make it clear.
Posts: 391 also, 55^52^50 mod 7 ans 1??
Join Date: Jun 2007
Age: 23
Thanks: 77 thnks!
Thanked 149 Times in 69
Posts
Groans: 4 applying fermat's little formula
Groaned at 7 Times in 6 Posts
anything raised to power N-1 when divided by N gives a remainder1 when N is prime
so

(any number)^6 mod 7 w ill give remainder 1

apply this to the above problems you will get the respective answers as 2 and 1
respectively

if you find difficulty then let me know i will post the solution

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