IGCSE LATIN RESOURCE: COURSEBOOK GUIDANCE FOR MODULE THREE

IGCSE Latin Resource

I have not given you the answers to all the exercises but have started you off and explained how to
approach each one. You should read the explanation first and then if you are still not sure, go on to
the exemplar answers that follow. I have also translated some of the stories. I have not translated
the model answers as the idea behind them is that, with vocabulary help from the back of the book
if necessary, you work through them picking up the new grammar points as you would if you were
learning a modern foreign language.

Stage 13

The first new piece of grammar is the infinitive – to xxx. Here were see how some verbs are followed
by an infinitive (as they are in English too).

tres servi (Three Slaves) p5

Three slaves are working in the house. This house is in Britain. The slaves are working hard because
they are waiting for their master. The slaves are complaining about their life.

Philus: (he is counting money) It is raining again! It is always raining! We never see the sun. I want to
go back to Italy. I want to see the sun.

Volubilis: (he is preparing dinner in the kitchen) Where is the wine? I see no wine. Who has drunk it?
I am not able to drink water! Water is foul!

Bregans: (he is washing the floor) I do not want to work! I am tired. I have drunk a lot of wine. I want
to sleep.

(Varica suddenly enters the house. Varica is the farm manager)

Varica: Slaves! Our master is arriving, angry! The slaves amongst the Cantici made a plot. Our master
is wounded.

Bregans: We want to hear about the plot. Tell the story!

coniuratio – we hear about the plot and learn what kind of man Salvius is.

Bregans p8-9 Comprehension

1. The master is coming (1) To call the salves into the courtyard (1)

2. celeriter cucurrerunt (1) They were afraid of Salvius (1)

3. Salve girls were preparing a bedroom for their master (1) Volubilis was preparing dinner (1)

4. It was a present for Salvius from King Cogidubnus (1) It was very fierce (1) and was able to hunt
wild beasts very well (1)

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5. He had 20 horsemen with him (1) he was at the front (1)

6. He said (1) nothing (1) Bregans did not stop shouting even though Salvius ignored him (1)

7. He fell to the ground (1)

8. He rushed out of the line (1) and made for Salvius (1)

9. Some slaves (1) rushed out of the lines (1) and dragged the dog back (1)

10. Kill the dog (1), he couldn’t because it was a gift from King Cogidubnus (1)

11. Yes. He had been disrespectful towards his master

No. He was just excited. (1)

12. Your choice but you must support your answer from the story. e.g. impetuous: because he knew
Salvius was short tempered but still called out.

About the Language 1 infinitives p10-11

5.
a. I am able to fight

b. We are not able to run away

c. You do not want to work

d. The cook is able to prepare an excellent dinner

e. You are able to run quickly

f. I do not want to stay in the house

g. The do not want to work

h. We want to drink wine.

Salvius fundum inspicit Salvius inspects the farm. P12

The next day Salvius wanted to inspect the farm. Therefore, Varica led him through the farm. The
farm manager showed his master the fields and harvest.

“The harvest is very good, master” said Varica. “The slaves have already brought a lot of corn into
the granary.”

After Salvius looked around the fields, he said to Varica, “Where are the ploughmen and the
foreman? Surely Cervix is in charge of the ploughmen, isn’t he?”

“Yes, master,” answered Varica. “But today the ploughmen are not working, because Cervix is away.
He is ill.”

Salvius answered him, “What did you say? He is ill? I do not want to keep an ill slave.”

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“But Cervix is very skilled,” exclaimed the farm manager. “Only Cervix is able to look after the
farming.”

“Be quiet,” said Salvius. “I want to sell him.”

At the same time as he said this, he saw two slaves. The slaves were hurrying to the barn.

“What are these slaves doing?” asked Salvius.

“These slaves are bringing food to the ploughmen, master. Does that please you?” answered Varica.

“It does not please me!” said Salvius. “I do not give food to lazy slaves.”

Then the master and the farm manager arrived at the granary. Near the granary Salvius saw a
building. The building was half ruined.

“What is this building?” said Salvius.

“It is the new granary, master,” answered the farm manager. “The other one was full. Therefore I
wanted to build a new granary.”

“But why is it half ruined?” asked Salvius.

Varica replied, “When the slaves were building the granary, master, a terrible thing happened. A
bull, a fierce animal, made an attack on this building. It destroyed the walls and terrified the slaves.”

“Who was leading the bull?” said Salvius. “Who was careless?”

“Bregans.”

“Alas!” said Salvius. “I do not believe Britons. All Britons are stupid, but that Bregans is stupider than
the rest.”

About the Language p13

This exercise asks you to translate a sentence which uses -que rather than et.

3.
a. Varica inspected the salves and slave-girls

b. Bregans and the dog were standing in line

c. Salvius entered the courtyard and greeted Varica

d. Volubilis returned to the kitchen and prepared food

e. The bull made an attack and destroyed the walls.

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Practising the Language p 14

Exercise 1:

a. Philus est callidus. Philus pecuniam numerare potest.

Philus is clever. Philus is able to count money.

b. Loquax et Anti-Loquax sunt fessi. pueri dormire volunt

Loquax and Anti-Loquax are tired. The boys want to sleep.

c. Salvius est dominus. Salvius servos fundum inspicere vult.

Salvius is the master. Salvius wants to inspect the farm.

etc

Exercise 2:

a. agricola in fundo laborabat

The farmer was working on the farm

b. custodes furem non viderunt

The guards did not see the thief

c. servi epistulas longas scribebant

The slaves were writing long letters

etc

Exercise 3: This exercise is quite tricky. You have to work out who is the subject of the verb that is
missing and supply the correct form of the verb (I, you, he/she/it). I have underlined the nominative
each time.

servus in cubiculo laborabat. servus, quod erat fessus, in cubiculo obdormivit.

A slave was working in the bedroom. The slave, because he was tired, fell asleep in the bedroom.

Salvius, postquam cubiculum intravit, servum conspexit; statim fustem cepit et servum pulsavit.

After Salvius entered the bedroom, he caught sight of the slave; immediately he took a club and beat
the slave.

Rufilla, quod clamores audivit, in cubiculum ruit.

Rufilla, because she heard shouts, rushed into the bedroom.

Rufilla: tu es dominus pessimus! cur tu servum pulsavisti

You are a very bad master! Why have you beaten the slave?

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Salvius: ego servum pulsavi, quod in cubiculo dormiebat.

I beat the slave because he was sleeping in the bedroom.

Rufilla: heri tu ancillam meam vituperavisti, quod neglegens erat. ancilla perterrita erat, et e villa
fugit

Yesterday you cursed my slave-girl because she was careless. The slave-girl was terrified and
fled from the house.

Salvius: in villa mea ego sum dominus. ego ancillam vituperavi, quod ignava erat.

In my house I am master. I cursed the slave-girl because she was lazy.

Stage 14

This stage looks at adjectival agreement.

Rufilla p25– Rufilla is sitting in her bedroom. Two haridressers are standing near her and arranging
her hair. Salvius enters. As soon as Rufilla catches sight of him, she dismisses her haridressers from
the bedroom.

Rufilla: Salvius! You are a cruel man. I did not want to come to this house. I wanted to stay in
London. London is a very beautiful city, where I have many friends. It is difficult for me to leave my
friends.

Salvius: Rulfilla! How changeable you are! When we were living in London, you used to come to me
every day. Every day you used to say to me, “I also want to have a country house, but you give me
nothing.” At last I gave this house to you, but even now you are not happy.

Rufilla: But I wanted to have a house near the city. This house is far away from the city.

Salvius: You yourself chose it. Although it was a great price, I bought it willingly. Surely this house is
elegant? Surely it is even splendid?

Rufilla: But winter is now approaching. It is no convenient for me to spend winter in a country house.
My friends always spend the winter in the city. In this place I am alone. I am not able to visit my
friends.

Salvius: What have you said? You are alone? You have 10 slave-girls, 9 slaves, 2 hairdressers, and
Egyptian cook …

Rufilla: and a very cruel husband. You understand nothing! You care nothing! (She goes out, crying.)

Domitilla cubiculum parat 1 & 2 are not translated here.

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About the language 1: adjectives p28-29

Exercise 3:

a. The terrified slave-girl hurried to the kitchen (ancilla perterrita nom sg)

b. The cook greeted the terrified salve-girl (ancillam perterritam acc sg)

c. The citizens praised the brave merchant (mercatorem fortem acc sg)

d. The citizens gave a reward to the brave merchant (mercatori forti dat sg)

e. The old man had a good son (filium bonum acc sg)

f. The old man bought a house for his good son (filio bono dat sg)

Exercise 5:

a. The happy women were walking along the street (feminae laetae pl)

b. The happy woman was walking along the streets (femina laeta sg)

c. The gladiator killed the fierce lions (leones feroces pl)

d. The cook prepared food for the ill slaves (servis aegris pl)

e. The beautiful picture was in the atrium (pictura pulchra sg)

f. Volubilis caught sight of the sad hairdresser (ornatricem tristem sg)

About the language 2: more about adjectives p31

Exercise 3:

a. Quintus told an amazing story. (fabulam mirabilem acc sg)

b. In the house lived a stupid old man. (senex stultus nom sg)

c. The gladiator was hunting fierce wild beasts (bestias feroces acc pl)

d. The master handed over the denarii to the faithful friend. (amico fideli dat sg)

e. Many merchants were drinking the wine (multi mercatores nom pl)

f. The farmer gave money to all the boys. (omnibus pueris dat pl)

tripodes argentei (silver tripods) p33-34

Quintus is sitting in his bedroom. Anti-Loquax enters quickly.

Anti-Loquax: Greetings! It is necessary for my master to go to the palace. King Cogidubnus has
invited all the nobles to a sacrifice.

Quintus: Are we visiting the king?

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Anti-Loquax: Yes. Every year the king makes a sacrifice, because he wants to honour the emperor,
Claudius.

Quintus: Why does he want to honour Claudius?

Anti-Loquax: It is right for Cogidubnus to honour Claudius. For Claudius was the emperor who made
Cogidubus a king.

Quintus: Now I understand. It is necessary for me to bring the king a gift. In my strong-box there are
two silver tripods. Those tripods are a very good gift.

(Anti-Loquax leaves the bedroom and tells Salvius about the silver tripods. Salvius immediately
hurries to his steward.)

Salvius: It is necessary for me to visit king Cogidubnus.I want to bring him a gift.

Steward: It is not difficult for us to find a gift, master. Look! A bronze jug. It is very old. Does it please
you?

Salvius: It does not please me. I do not want to bring Cogidubnus a bronze gift.

(The steward shows Salvius a wine-jar.)

Steward: Surely wine is a very good gift, master, isn’t it?

Salvius: No! Cogidubnus has many wine-jars and a lot of wine. The king imports wine every day from
Italy.

(Suddenly Salvius catches sight of a small statue)

Hurrah! I can bring the king this statue. It is a gilded statue. Quintus wants to bring the king a
silver gift; I however can bring a gilded gift.

Steward: Master, you ought not.

Salvius: Why ought I not?

Steward: Cogidubnus himself gave you that statue.

Salvius: By Hercules! It is necessary for me to bring that jug to the palace.

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Practising the language p35

Exercise 1: NB adjectives follow the noun they describe UNLESS they are adjectives of number or
quantity.

a. servi canem ferocem retraxerunt The slaves dragged back the fierce dog.

b. mercator stultus pecuniam amisit The stupid merchant lost the money.

c. ego multi iuvenes in foro vidi I saw many young men in the forum

d. ornatrix laeta coquo osculum dedit The happy hairdresser gave the cook a kiss.

e. amici fortes libertum servaverunt The brave friends saved the freedman

f. mater parvis pueris cibum paravit The mother prepared food for the small boys.

g. Bregans amphoram gravem portare nolebat Bregans did not want to carry the heavy wine-
jar

h. domina ancillae fideli stolam emit The mistress bought a dress for the faithful slave-girl.

Exercise 2:

a. vilicus erat anxius; nam Salvius erat iratus The farm-manager was worried because Salvius
was angry.

b. vos gladios habebatis quod vos eratis custodes You had swords because you were guards.

c. servi erant in area, ubi Salvium exspectabant. The slaves were in the courtyard where they
were waiting for Salvius.

d. tu eras dominus; decorum erat tibi celeriter procedere You were the master; it was right for
you to advance quickly.

e. nos non eramus ignavi; in fundo diligenter laborabamus We were not lazy, we were working
hard on the farm.

f. ego in cubiculo iacebam quod aeger eram I was lying in the bedroom because I was ill.

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Stage 15 – relative clauses eg the girl who was sitting in the tree was laughing.

caerimonia (The ceremony) p48-49 comprehension

1. the atrium: British chieftains, their wives and Romans. ½ for each answer up to 2

2. large; noisy 2

3. In the middle of the atrium on a couch; the emperor, Claudius 2

4. Very skilled craftsman (1) come from Italy every year (1)

5. Those standing near (1) the door fell to the ground (1); the British chieftains stood up (1), the
Romans fell silent (1)

6. He was lame (1)

7. He poured wine (1) and sacrificed a white lamb (1): the priests led the lamb to him (1)

8. They picked up the couch (1) and carried it out of the atrium (1)

9. On the funeral pyre (1)

10. He placed it in the funeral pyre (1) flames consumed the image (1)

11. An eagle flew up out of the image (1)

12. The gods are summoning Claudius (1); his soul is ascending to the gods (1): his soul (1)

[Total:25]

About the Language 1: relative clauses p50

3.
a. The king who was holding the sceptre was sitting in the atrium (rex)

b. The wine which Salvius was drinking was very good. (vinum)

c. The slave-girls who were afraid of the master hurried from the house. (ancillae)

d. The dog which Bregans was leading was very fierce. (canis)

e. In the street were many Britons who were delaying the Romans. (Britanni)

f. The dinner which Volubilis was preparing was splendid. (cena)

ludi funebres I (funeral games) p51

After the ceremony king Cogidubnus led the procession to the seashore. There the Britons
celebrated funeral games. Present were the Regnenses tribe, the Cantici tribe and other British
peoples.

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For a long time, the competitors competed amongst themselves. The Cantici were very happy
because they were always winning. A Cantican athlete who ran very fast easily beat the rest.
Another Cantican athlete who was very skilled threw the discus further than the rest.

At last Cogidubnus announced a boat race between the Cantici and the Regnenses. Belimicus was in
command of the Cantican boat, he was a Cantican chieftain, a proud and rude man. Dumnorix was in
command of the Regnenses boat, he was a Regnenses chieftain, a brave and honest man. After the
sailors prepared the boats, they waited intently for the signal. Suddenly a trumpet sounded. The
boats immediately rushed through the waves. The spectators who were standing on the seashore
raised great shouts.

ludi funebres II (funeral games) p 52

Far off in the sea was a huge rock. This rock was the turning-point. The boats were rushing towards
the turning point. The Regnensis boat which Dumnorix was steering, was already in the lead. When
Dumnorix approached the rock, he suddenly turned the boat to the right.

“Look!” said Dumnorix, “It is dangerous for us to sail near the rock because a reef lies hidden
beneath the waves. It is necessary for us to avoid the reef.”

Belimicus, however, who did not know about the reef, held a straight course.

“Friends,” he shouted, “We can win because Dumnorix has moved away to the right. Those
Regnenses are afraid; it is easy for us to win because we are braver.”

The Cantican sailors believed Belimicus. Soon they overtook the Regnenses boat and approached the
turning-point in first place. Belimicus who did not see the reef, mocked Dumnorix. Suddenly the
Cantican boat ran onto the reef. The terrified sailors shouted; water was filling the boat. Belmicus
and the Cantici were able to do nothing; soon the ship was sunk.

Meanwhile, Dumnorix who was sailing with the greatest of care, guided the boat around the turning-
point. The ship came safely to the shore. Many spectators praised Dumnorix. The Regnenses were
happy, the Cantici were miserable. Then all turned their eyes to the sea. It was difficult to see the
sailours because they were swimming in the waves. However, everyone was able to see Belimicus
because he was sitting on the top of the rock. Soaking wet, he was clinging to the rock and asking for
help.

About the Language p53 imperfect tense of possum

6.

a. Rufilla wanted to have a house near the city

b. We did not want to return

c. The did not want to kill the slave

d. Why do you want to hurry?

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Practising the Language p54

Exercise 1:

a. parvus puer Cogidubnum ad effigiem duxit The small boy led Cogidubnus to the image.

b. ubi sacerdotes erant parati; servi vinum regi dederunt When the priest read, the slaves gave
the wine to the king.

c. Cogidubnus, qui prope effiiem stabat, victimam elegit. Cogidubnus who was standing near
the image, chose the victim.

d. Dumnorix navem amicis ostendit Dumnorix showed the boat to his friends.

e. facile erat spectatoribus Belimicum videre, quod ad saxum haerebat It was easy for the
spectators to see Belimicus because he was clinging to the rock.

f. postquam Dumnorix Belimicum superavit, rex nautas ad aulam invitavit. After Dumnorix
beat Belimicus, the king invited the sailors to the palace.

Exercise 2:

a. It is difficult for Cogidubnus to hurry because he is an old man.

b. We do not want to see the spectacle/show.

c. It is necessary for us to flee.

d. You ought to return the money.

e. Salvius is the master; it is right for Salvius to punish his slaves.

f. It is convenient for us to remain in the palace.

g. Do you want to sacrifice the victim?

h. We ought not to fight!

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Stage 16

The pluperfect tense. (This it the tense that indicates something happened earlier than the perfect
tense. In English it is translated with ‘had’ eg I had carried…..)

Belimicus ultor (Belimicus the avenger) p62

Belimicus, the Cantican chieftain, took it badly after Dumnorix beat him in the boat race.

He was very angry. All the guests whom the king had invited to the palace were mocking him. The
Cantici were also mocking him and insulting him. Even the slaves who had found out about the boat
race, were laughing secretly.

“That Dumnorix deceived me,” Belimicus said to himself, “he pushed me onto the reef and took
the prize unjustly. It is right for me to punish him.

Belimicus thought to himself and came up with a clever plan. In the palace there were many wild
beasts which the king had imported from many countries. Among these beasts was a huge bear,
which a German slave used to guard. Belimicus approached this slave.

‘This animal is magnificent,’ he said. ‘It pleases me a lot. I want to handle the bear; I am not afraid.’

So the chieftain used to come to the bear every day; he used to give food and water to the bear.
Gradually he made the bear tame. At last he only was able to handle the bear.

Soon Cogidubnus announced a dinner and a spectacle. He invited friends to the palace. Belimicus
immediately hurried to the German slave.

‘Today the king is giving a spectacle,’ he said. ‘Today I want to lead this bear into the palace. Now I
am able to handle it. I want to show it to the guests.’

Unwillingly the slave agreed. Belimicus, chuckling said to himself, ‘I am ready. Now I am able to
punish Dumnorix.’

rex spectaculum dat II

1. He advanced with the bear (1) and showed it to the guests. (1)

2. He said he was not afraid. (1) He led the bear towards Dumnorix. (1)

3. Surely you want to handle the bear? (1)Surely you want to give the guests a spectacle? (1)

4. It is easy for me to overcome the bear. (1) I can overcome you too. (1)

5. He punched the bear (1) and pushed him towards Dumnorix. (1)

6. It turned around (1) and struck Belimicus fiercely. (1)

7. They raised a loud cry (1) and rushed as quickly as possible to the door. (1)

8. Because they could not get out of the door. (1)

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9. Because he was terrified by the shouting. (1)

10. He was lame/ he had a bad leg. (1)

11.
a. He threw himself at the bear in vain. (1)

b. He stood motionless. (1)

c. He grabbed the German slave’s spear (1), threw it (1) and pierced the bear with it. (1)

12. Dumnorix was impetuous, Salvius was a coward, Quintus was brave and sensible. (3)

About the Language p 66 Pluperfect

a. Rufilla praised the slave-girls who had prepared the bedroom.

b. In the main room were sitting the guests whom the king had invited to the palace.

c. The farmer praised us because we had worked through the whole day.

d. Belimicus, who had lost the ship, was very angry.

e. Salvius punished me because I had fled from the villa.

Practising the Language p 68

a. invitaverat The king who had invited many guests, gave them an excellent dinner.

b. discesserant The chieftains who had left the main room, advanced into the courtyard.

c. dederam The gift which I had given to the king was precious.

d. venerant The slave-girls who had come to the palace, pleased the guests.

e. conspexeramus We who had caught sight of Belimicus laughed a lot.

f. tractaveras You, who had handled the bear, were not afraid.

Stage 17 – Alexandria – the genitive case

tumultus I– the riot – p78

I lived in Barbillus’ house for a long time. On day I hurried to the city with my slave, because I wanted
to visit Clemens. He owned a shop near the port of Alexandria. The slave who was guiding me, was
the Egyptian boy.

In the city was a great multitude which was filling the streets. Merchants were walking through the
streets and doing business with each other. Women and slave-girls were thronging the shops;
shopkeepers were showing dresses to the women and slave-girls. Many slaves were running through
the streets of the city. It was difficult for us to walk through the streets because the crowd was very
big. At last we reached the port of Alexandria. Very many Egyptians were there, but we were not
able to see any Greeks. After the boy sensed this he anxiously said, “It is better for us to return to

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Barbillus’ house. We are not able to go to Clemens’ shop. The streets are dangerous because the
Egyptians are angry. All the Greeks have fled from this part of the city.”

“No!” I answered the boy. “Although the Egyptians are angry, I do not want to return to the house.
We have already made a long journey. We have almost reached Clemens’ shop. It is necessary for us
to proceed cautiously.”

tumultus II

1. He was insulting the Greeks and the Romans. (1) They were listening intently. (1)

2. Because he was Roman. (1)

3. Because he had realised (1) that Quintus was worried. (1)

4. The craftsman was looking out of the window. (1) He recognised the boy. (1)

5. Because he, a Roman (1), was in the house of a Greek (1)

6. He took 5 clubs out of a cupboard (1) and handed them out to Quintus and the boy. (1)

7. They broke down the door. (1)

8. Because they were many (1) and we were few. (1)

9. He was surrounded by 7 Egyptians (1). He wounded 2 (1), was overwhelmed. (1)

10. The boy (1). Because he was seen as a traitor to his people (1) by looking after a Roman in a
Greek’s house. (1)

About the Language – genitive case p80

a. Many slaves were shouting in the street. Quintus hurried through the multitude of slaves.

b. The Egyptians rushed into the house of the craftsman.

c. No Greeks were living in that part of the city.

d. A rich woman had a large farm. Many Egyptians were working on the woman’s farm.

e. Citizens were filling the streets. The boy led Quintus through the crowd of citizens.

f. A merchant was selling togas in his shop. Young men and boys hurried to the merchant’s
shop.

Practising the Language p 83

1.
a. Aegyptiorum. In the crowd of Egyptians was standing an old man.

b. casae. The craftsman was looking through the window of his house.

c. urbis. In the streets of the city were many merchants.

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d. ancillarum. The mistress hurried through the crowd of slave-girls.

e. dei. We reached the temple of Serapis. In front of the temple of the god were standing many
citizens.

f. mercatorum. The merchants had splendid villas. In the merchants’ villas were precious
statues.

2.
a. intravimus – when Diogenes said this, we entered the house.

b. visitabatis – The Egyptians attacked your shop, when you were visiting the temple.

c. agebam – When I was in the city, I used to do business with you.

d. audivisti – You heard the old man who was insulting the Romans.

e. tacebamus – we were silent because the priests were processing towards the altar.

f. dabatis – You always used to give help to me.

g. vendidisti – You are a pest! You have sold me dirty togas!

h. vidi – I was walking to the port. I saw many Roman soldiers.

3.
a. volo – in the morning I am accustomed to go to the port, because I want to look at the ships.

b. potest – It pleases me greatly to listen to the girls who is able to sing sweetly.

c. vis – Barbillus! Surely you want to hear about the monuments?

etc

Stage 18 – Eutychus and Clemens – gender of adjectives

taberna – Quintus buys a shop for Clemens from Barbillus, but Barbillus is concerned that the Street
of the Glassmakers where the shop is situated is a dangerous place. He tells Quintus that the
previous shopkeeper was murdered.

in officina Eutychi

After I gave the shop to Clemens, he was extremely grateful. Immediately he hurried to the street in
which the shop was: he was so keen to take possession of the shop.

In the Street of the Glassmakers there was a huge crowd. There, Clemens caught sight of his shop
near the temple of Isis. He saw the doors wrenched off and the shop ransacked. Therefore Clemens,
angrily asked a neighbouring shopkeeper,

“Who did this?”

“Ask Eutychus!” said the shopkeeper who was terrified.

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Clemens immediately looked for Eutychus. It was easy for Clemens to find Eutychus because he
owned a very bog workshop. In front of the workshop of Eutychus were standing four Egyptian
slaves. Clemens had never seen slaves more huge than those Egyptians. However, he was not afraid.
He dragged one slave out of the line.

“Hey! Atlas!”said Clemens. “Surely you are not asleep? I want to question Eutychus, your master.
Why are you standing in my way? It is not right for you to obstruct a freedman.”

Then Clemens went past the astonished slaves and entered the workshop of Eutychus.

in officina Eutychi II

Eutychus was reclining on a couch; he was tasting food from a basket. He was sweating a lot and was
wiping his hands on a slave’s hair. When he saw Clemens, he said,

“Who are you, little man? Who let you in here? What do you want?”

“I am Quintus Caecilius Clemens,” answered Clemens. “I want to find out about the shops which the
thugs have ransacked. For that shop is mine.”

After Eutychus heard this he greeted Clemens in a very friendly way and led him through his
workshop. He himself showed Clemens his own craftsmen. In the workshop thirty Egyptian
glassmakers were working; a foreman was there who was waving a stick.

After Eutychus showed Clemens his workshop he began to do business.

“It is dangerous, my friend, in the Street of the Glassmakers” he said. “Many thieves come to this
street, many thugs. Therefore, all the shopkeepers seek help from me. The shopkeepers give me
money, I (give) them protection. I am able to protect your shop. All the shopkeepers are accustomed
to give me ten gold pieces every year. It is a small amount. Surely you don’t want to refuse my
protection?”

Clemens however, did not trust Eutychus.

“I myself am able to protect the shop in which I live,” said Clemens. “I refuse your protection.”

Then the freedman left without a care.

About the Language – gender

4.
a. coquus novus – masc

b. templum novum – neuter

c. magnae naves – fem

d. tabernarii ignavi – masc

e. domino crudeli – masc

f. mercatoris Graeci – masc

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Practising the Language p 104

1.
a. multi - many shopkeepers gave money to Eutychus.

b. obstinatum – thugs killed the stubborn old man.

c. magnificum – Quintus visited the magnificent temple.

d. perterritos – Egyptians looked for the terrified Greeks.

etc..

2.
a. taberna – the shop which Clemens owned was in the Street of the Glassmakers.

b. sacerdotes – the priests who were organising the temple, gave the sacred book to Clemens.

c. feles sacra – in the temple which was near Clemens’ shop, there lived a sacred cat.

d. ceteri tabernarii – when Eutychus and the thugs arrived, they were very afraid.

etc..

3.
a. emerat – Clemens hurried to the shop which Quintus had bought. quam – taberna fem

b. compleverat – the huge crowd which had filled the street, was looking at the shop. quae
turba - fem

c. miserat – Clemens hurried to Eutychus who had sent the thugs. qui Eutychum – masc

etc..

Stage 19 - hic and ille, imperatives and vocatives

dies festus I

The citizens were happy. For winter was over. Now was the first day of spring. Now the priests were
accustomed to carry the goddess, Isis, through the streets of the city to the harbour. The processions
which very many Alexandrians wanted to watch, was splendid.

However, Barbillus did not want to watch this procession.

“It is not convenient for me to go to the city today,” he said. “I have often seen this procession, you
never have, however. Therefore, my friend, Aristo, wants to take you to the procession.”

I thanked Barbillus and went with Aristo to the harbour. Galatea and their daughter, Helena, went
with us. The Alexandrian citizens were filling the streets of the city. When we were approaching the
harbour, Galatea was continually moaning at her husband and daughter:

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“Helena! Don’t rush! Hold up your head! Aristo! Move this crowd! The crowd of Alexandrians is
filling the whole street. We are in great danger.”

dies festus II

1. Also known as the Caesareum, it was begun by Mark Antony and completed by Augustus to
whom it was dedicated (Stage 17 p86-91) (1)

2. They can see the whole spectacle from there. (1)

3. To save their place. (1)

4. Because he had forgotten (1) to send the slave out. (1)

5. Two young men were standing in their place. (1)

6. Move the young men. (1) That Aristo had not sent out the slave. (1)

7. To find a better place. (1) The slave was careless. (1)

8. He asked them politely. (1)

9. She shouted angrily. (1) Move along (1), don’t get in our way. (1)

10. They didn’t want to offend Galatea (1) as they fancied her daughter, Helena. (1)

11. The procession began. (1)

12. Forgetful – he didn’t send the slave.

Mean – he was blaming the slave

Timid – he had to do as his wife said but did it more politely than her. (3)

About the Language – hic and ille.

4.
a. This dinner is excellent.

b. The thugs insult that merchant.

c. This temple is near the forum.

d. These slaves are Egyptian.

e. That monument is very well-known.

f. That young man annoys the girls.

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About the Language 2 – imperatives.

4.
a. Young men! Be quiet! pl

b. Work carefully! sg

c. Give me money! pl

d. Help me! sg

e. Don’t sleep! sg

f. Don’t leave! pl

g. Don’t kill Romans! pl

h. Don’t punish me! Sg

venatio I

Barbillus invited Aristo and me to a hunt. Early in the morning he sent out his farm-manager,
Phormio with many slaves. Phormio took two kids with him. But when we were leaving the villa,
Barbillus’ astrologer hurried up to us, alarmed.

“Master, where are you hurrying to?” He shouted. “Why do you want to leave the villa today?”

“We are going to my estate,” Barbillus answered the astrologer.

“But, master,” answered the astrologer, “You are forgetful. It is dangerous for you to go out today,
because the sun is approaching Aries.”

When I heard this, I mocked the astrologer. Although Barbillus believed him, he did not wish to
offend me. After he had thought about it for a long time, he said,

“It pleases me to go out.”

Therefore the astrologer, when he was not able to persuade his master, gave him a luck charm.
Then, without a care we hurried to Barbillus’ estate. Through part of the estate, the river Nile gently
flowed.

When we arrived there, we saw many slaves gathered. In this crowd of slaves were some Ethiopians
who were holding spears in their hands. Near the Ethiopians was standing Phormio, Barbillus’ farm-
manager.

Phormio said ”Greetings, master. We have prepared all the equipment for you. We have obtained
the small boats which you asked for. “

“Have you killed the kids?” asked Barbillus.

“We have killed two kids, master,” answered the farm-manager. “We have already put them in the
small boats.”

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venatio II

Then Phormio lead us to the bank of the river where the small boats which he had obtained were
tied up. After we climbed on the small boats, we sailed cautiously to the swamp in which the
crocodiles were lying hidden. When we were approaching the middle of the swamp, Barbillus gave
Phormio a signal. Phormio threw the kids into the water. When the crocodiles caught sight of the
kids they began to make for them headlong. Then the Ethiopians began to hunt the crocodiles. They
were throwing their spears and killing crocodiles. Great was the courage of the crocodiles, however
greater was the skill of the Ethiopians. Soon, many crocodiles were dead.

Suddenly we heard a huge shout.

“Master!” shouted Phormio. “A hippopotamus which the Ethiopians have woken up from the swamp
has overturned Barbillus’ small boat. Barbillus and three slaves have fallen into the water.”

Although we sailed swiftly to Barbillus and the slaves who were swimming in the water, the
crocodiles had already surrounded them. We immediately threw spears at the crocodiles. When he
had driven the crocodiles off, we were able to save Barbillus and one slave. But after we dragged
Barbillus from the water, we found him wounded. A spear which a slave had thrown, had struck his
shoulder. Barbillus had been seriously wounded by his own slave.

Practising the Language p125

1.
a. hic – this astrologer was not able to persuade Barbillus about the danger.

b. illos – Phormio sent those slaves to the river, Nile.

c. hoc – this river is dangerous.

d. hi – these slaves were standing near the river.

e. illas – Phormio lined up those small boats on the bank.

f. illi – those crocodiles made for the kids.

g. illum – the Ethiopians woke up that hippopotamus from the swamp.

h. haec – this spear struck Barbillus’ shoulder.

2.
a. puellae – the girl had a dress. The girl’s dress was very splendid.

b. leonem – the slave saw a lion in the wood. The lion was sleeping.

c. puellis – the girls entered the shop. The merchant showed many dresses to the girls.

d. civibus – the citizens praised the king because the king gave a great show to the citizens.

e. servi – the slaves because they feared their master, fled.

f. civium – many citizens were living in small houses. The houses of the citizens were dirty.

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g. servis – the slaves worked carefully. Therefore, I gave a reward to the slaves.

h. templi – the terrified boy ran to the temple and knocked on the door of the temple.

i. rex – the king who was sitting in the palace, heard the trumpet.

j. pueros – Salvius loudly cursed the boys who were carrying the wine-jars.

Stage 20 – present participle

remedium astrologi

The slaves and I returned to the villa with Barbillus as quickly as possible. A lot of blood was flowing
from Barbillus’ wound. Phormio, who was accustomed to heal wounded slaves, had torn up his own
tunic; he had tied part of the tunic around Barbillus’ shoulder. However the blood was flowing.

When the slaves who were carrying Barbillus entered the bedroom, they placed him gently on the
bed. Two slave-girls were standing near the bed, weeping. Phormio sent the salve-girls out of the
bedroom and called the slaves to him.

“It is necessary for you,” he said, ”to look for a large number of spiders’webs. When blood flows,
nothing is better than spiders’ webs.”

The slaves began to hurry through the whole villa, looking for spiders’ webs; they were raising a loud
cry. After the slaves brought many spiders’ webs to the bedroom, he placed them on the master’s
shoulder.

The astrologer saw the weeping slave-girls and heard the shouting slaves. Immediately he burst into
Barbillus’ bedroom, shouting,

“I foresaw this, didn’t I? O unhappy day! O unlucky master!”

“Do you have a cure?” I asked anxiously.

“I have a certain remedy,” answered the astrologer. “It is easy for me to cure Barbillus because we
astrologers are the true doctors. Firstly it is necessary for me to capture a black mouse.Then I want
to cut up the captured mouse. Lastly I want to place it on Barbillus’ shoulder. This is the only cure.”

Suddenly, Barbillus, who had heard the astrologer, opened his eyes. After he had given a weak
signal, he whispered into my ear,

“Search for Petro, a good doctor.”

I immediately sent Phormio, who knew Petro well, out of the villa. /and so, the farm-manager was
looking for a doctor, the astrologer for a mouse.

I have not translated ‘Petro’ but please read it through looking for present participles etc

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About the Language 1 – present participles

2.
a. clamans – astrologus The astrologer burst into the bedroom, shouting.

b. currentes – pueri The boys, running through the city, caught sight of Petro.

c. discedentem – sacerdotem The spectator saw the priest leaving the temple.

d. stantes – iuvenes Galatea insulted the young men standing in the best place.

4.
a. fur … cachinnans – nom sg.

b. milites … sedentes – acc pl

c. Helena … cantans – nom sg

d. puellae … ambulantes -nom pl

e. felem … iacentem – acc sg

fortuna crudelis

1. calm (1) and content (1) to remain at home (1)

2. he went to the palaestra with his friends (1), he used to go hunting fierce wild beasts in the
deserts (1)

3. His parents loved him (1) and he them (1)

4. Studying medicine (1)

5. Soon after returning to Athens (1) He invited Rufus, and his parents (1) to his wedding (1)

6. He was afraid of sailing (1) and winter was approaching (1)

7. You are doing a dangerous thing (1), the moon is entering Scorpio (1), it is safer to stay at home
(1)

8. He wanted to see his friend (1), he went to his mother often (1), moaning about his father (1)

9. No, his father stayed at home (1) but his mother came with him (1)

10. A great storm blew up (1) Rufus was able to swim to shore (1) but Plotina died in the waves (1)

11. His father did not wish to see him again (1), so he obeyed his father (1), he joined the army and
went to Britain (1)

12. The astrologer was right about the danger (1) but it may not have been because of the stars (1)/
winter was a dangerous time to travel by sea anyway (1)

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About the Language 2 – eum eam etc

2.
a. Barbillus was laying in his bedroom. Quintus gave wine to him.

b. Galataea was nagging her husband. The whole crowd heard her.

c. The girls were signing sweetly. Aristo praised their voices.

d. When Petro arrived, Phormio led him to the bedroom.

astrologus victor

The astrologer who lived in Barbillus’ villa was a man of evil character. The astrologer and Petro
were enemies. The astrologer was Syrian, the doctor was Greek. Petro had practised the art of
medicine in the city for a long time. Many Alexandrians whom Petro had cured, used to praise his
skill.

The astrologer however, lived in Barbillus’ house, Petro [lived] in the city of Alexandria. Therefore, it
was easy for the astrologer to visit Barbillus. He often used to come to the bedroom in which the
master was lying ill. When Petro was away, the astrologer used to say into the ear of the master,

“You are in very great danger, master. Petro is a very bad doctor. He has cured few people. He has
sent many ill people to death. Surely you don’t trust Petro, do you? Petro is a very greedy man; no
one is greedier than him. He desires your money. It is necessary for you to throw him out of your
house. “

Barbillus listened anxiously to the astrologer. But, although the pain was growing worse every day,
he even now trusted the doctor. When he did not wish to throw out the doctor, the astrologer
hatched a plan.

astrologus victor II

The next day, the astrologer burst into the master’s bedroom, shouting:

“master! I am bringing you the bet news. I am able to cure you! The goddess, Isis, who always listens
to my prayers, has sent a dream to me by night. In the dream, I was walking through the streets of
the city of Alexandria. Suddenly I saw a boy standing in the street. The boy was your slave, whom the
Egyptians killed in the riot. He told me about a very special ointment. “

When Barbillus heard this, he handed himself over completely to the astrologer. That man therefore,
after he made up the medicine, opened up the master’s shoulder and smeared it on. Barbillus’
wound began to get worse.

When the astrologer realised this, he fled, terrified from the house. Barbillus, despairing of his life,
summoned me to his bedroom.

“My friend, Quintus”, he said, whispering in my ear, “Don’t cry! I am about to die. I understand it
clearly. It is necessary for everyone to meet death. I ask this one thing from you. Look for my son in

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Britain! Take this letter to him! When I, angrily, threw Rufus out of the house, I did him a great
injury. Now at last I am seeking mercy from Rufus. “

When I heard this, I wanted to summon Petro, but Barbillus obstinately refused. However, I
summoned that man. But when he arrived, Barbillus was already dead.

Practising the Language p 140

1.
a. desperans – Barbillus, despairing about his life, summoned Quintus.

b. laborantem – Quintus found the freedman working in the shop.

c. stantes – the priests, standing in front of the temple, demanded silence.

d. advenientem – I caught sight of the hippopotamus arriving.

e. tollentes – the Egyptians ran through the streets, raising a large shout.

f. fugientes – Clemens saw the shopkeepers fleeing from the thugs.

g. defendens – the boy fell down dead, while defending his master.

h. recitantes – Aristo heard the young men reciting a rude poem.

2.
a. veni! Quintus! Come with me to the hunt!

b. procedite! Slaves! Go on to the river Nile!

c. noli! Master! Do not leave the house!

d. credere Friend! Don’t trust the astrologer!

e. navigate! Slaves! Sail cautiously to the middle of the swamp!

f. emittite! Ethopians! Throw the spears!

g. nolite! Slaves! Don’t annoy the hippopotamus!

h. serva! Quintus! I am wounded. Save me!

Narcissus

Aristo: Galatea! Fortune favours us! The young man, Narcissus, whom we saw yesterday, sent a gift
to Helena. The gift which the young man sent, is very precious. The young man Narcissus loves our
Helena.

Galatea: What are you saying, you ass? The young man, who was standing near us, sent our
daughter a gift? Alas! I have a very stupid husband. Narcissus’ parents are low-born. His mother is
Egyptian, his father is an innkeeper. The inn which he owns is dirty.

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Aristo: I do not know the parents whom you insult. But Narcissus himself is honest and kind. The
young man is also generous. For he has given me a little book. (Aristo looks at the little book.) Alas!
Narcissus is a poet! He has sent me his rude poems.

Galatea: Fortune favours us! Now my husband does not want to give Helena to that young man.

quem heri vidimus - iuvenis

quod iuvenis misit – donum

qui prope nos stabat – iuvenis

quam tenet – taberna

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