DATE 29 lo 2)

PAGE NO.

Name:Purva Prakash Karlekar

RolLND 16 CLasS:TE Ex TC

ASSIGNMENT NO. 3 D1SPJ

Design IIR chebyshev LPF with passband ripple 1dB in

passband 0 u a0.2T and 15 dB nipple in stophand
oVer 03n w TT uinq bilinear transformation
Che byshev I_LPF
1om giuen specification

5 8

o.2T O.3 Tt

Using BL Prearp the_analog frequen ctes

p 0:2T
p1dR_
Let : 1
1 Prewarping the dnaloq trequencies:
Lan
p 2 tan T=1

p _ 2 tan (o:| T) =0.6S

anws 2 tan
 DATE.
PAGE NO.

s 1.02

2 find order0t_chebyshev-I LPF

O.1 SS
N Cos h 10 1
100 pP
1

Cosh s

- D-1C15)
Cosh -
1
o-l C1) 4

COsh :021
o 65 7

N 73 N3
3]fales of cheb- I LPF usIng
P_ -4 0.51
-2

E + 1 =4-1 62.

1/N -1/N
Minoz qxis otE
ellip.se

+73 4-1623
O =_0.654162
2

E -321
1/N -/N
major a S of_
b P 2
-/3 ellipse
b o.65| 4-162 4/3 +4162
2

b -725
Now P T +2 T k=1,2,3
2N

T tST
2

S a cos + jksin ó-
0 321 cos
25 sin(

Sa a cos tbsin_da
o32i cos CTD t o:125 Csin T)
-0:321 +(o

S2=0301

S cos +bcos da
a 0 3 21 co SS
(a 0:25sin

- o 6o5 0.6239
-o16 0S-0-:6279

Deno minator of HCS) is

CS+ 0:16 O5-06219) S t0:321) ls t o-16 o5t
io.629) =(sto 321) (S+0:16os)'+ (a-6239)
= (s+ 0:321) (S+ 0321 St 0:42o )
 PAGE NO.

As Nis odd, Numerator value of H(s) is found by putting

SO
SEO in
n denominator polynomial of HCS)
=
(o 321) (o420) =0:13 48

HCS)= 0:13 48 Ha Cs)

(S+o 321) Cs+0 3 21S t 0.420)

HCS) - H (s)

Find t C2) usin a BiL

HCz) = H,Cs)
1
12
CLet T=1 asin_preuarping step

H) = 0 1348
Cs + 0.321) (s*+ 0 32 l S +0.420)

Luith S 24
1+
O 1348

t0:321

0-32 (1-z|to:420
C1tz

O 134 88
2
t 0 - 32 t 0 : 3 2 1 z 2 2z +
( 1tz
1+z

0.G42 0:642 z +0420 +0-420 z7

(1+ z )
 PAGE NO.

O.1348
1 (2321-1679z ) ( 2 - 2 z ) 4 0 - 0 6 2 -0.2
z)*
Citz)3 3
0-1348 (1+z)
(2:321-|G79z 4-8 z 4z2 t128-0-425z
O042-
2

HCz)= 0 13 48 C1tz
(2:321-679 z) (5-128 - 8 425 z"4 - 04 z )
- -Ans

2Desiqn FIRHiah.Paas Filterwith cutoff_freuency T/2

using Hamninguindou af lenqth N=11
Giuen Nai11
w = T/2

Gain Czi
N 2
11-1
5

For a HPF, Desized requen.cu

L
responseis

H4L) = -Jw
Ce we w | s T

Jw
H (e )_ -JSw
1 e T/2Slw<T

Desired Împulse_esp 0nse

h (n) a Inu. DIET Halu)
Wn
H CU)_e
2T
 PAGE NO.
- T/2 -jSw e du +
TY 2 Jwn
Oe
2T
-T -TY2
T

+
5w
w
T/2

n-5)jw n-5)
e dw 0t| e dw O
2TT T
TT72

Cn-S) Tl2

2
L (n-5)j.
TC
n-s)jJ/a

-jh -5) T 7
2T
Cn-5
LeJto-s)r Co -5) T/2
e

Cn-5 T n -5)TT JCn-5)TYa

e e
1
-Cn-S) T/2
2TC (h-5)j te

JCn-ST -jth-5TT Cn s) TU/2

1
2TT
Cn-s)j -JCh-5)TYa
e

2sin (n-5 1-sin Cn -5) T (n#s)

21
(n-5
Put ne5 in e9
- T2
e dw tot e du
hS) 2T TL2
-

1
2
L-n]+[iq
 PACE NO.

haS) =1x
2T
T

h (s) =0-SS

Desired impulse Tesponse

Sin (n-s)TU2
(o)=)SinCn-s)Tt( h s T nE5
-

h
n=5

b (n)is af in finite duration To make i finite we

_multiply ith_bamminq indom functlon
w (n)= 054-0:4 6 cos Tn ld 0SnaN -
oth erw'se

wCn) 0 54 -04 Co $ Tn_/s_ 0Sn S 10

0therwise

Finite impulse respanse,

hch)= h n ) x wn)

tor linear phase P I R £flker is

b(n):h [NH-n) = h (u - -n)
h (n) ha (1o-n)

hLo) =h (o) h C3) h C); hdC8) =h4C2)

h4(t) h C3) bac6) = ba C4)_h G)=h4s)
from(2) C3) &(4) the tflEer coefffcients_are

bdn) Wn) h Cn)

-3
0.0 636 6 0 08 -5-09 x 1o
1 0-1C78
2 o.1061 o.3 978 0-04 22
 DATE

PAGE NO.

3 0 6 8 2 1
- 0 3183
0 912 - 0 23003

0 5 1
6 - 0 318B3 O.9121 -0290b3

8 0:3948B O 04 222
0:1628 O
3
0. 063G 0.08 -5 0gx 1o
'Transfer functlon of flter. - b

HC) zhtn) 2 h Cn) -z

-3 -4
=hCo)+ h ) Z +h(2) z tha) z (4)z
S -6
+h (5)z + h (6)z*+hl) z th (8) z
+hC9)z -9 b Cio ) z

0 00.50 9 0 04 22 z _ t 0 t0 - 0:29o3 z_toS z

- !o
6
-0 29 o3 2 + 0 t 0 0 422 z t 0 - 0 o0So2 z

0 00 5og(z 2 to: 0422 (+2

0-2903(z_

the fIR filHer Summttric and N = l iso d a

equen cy resp.onse

H Ce = b )+2 h(h)

CoS d-n)w

e h) +
2h(n)cas (Sen).u
-J5
hs)+ 2 hlo) cos (s)wbu)
 tb(s Co SS-3)w
cOs(5-D w+b_(2) cos (S-2)w
+h(4co5 ( 5-4)w

js
e
0:5 t 2_Fo.oo 509 COs 5 w t O-
+0.0 4 22 CO S_3w t O
0 2 9 3 Cos

Phase= - 5 w and
Hmplitude = 0 . 5 t 2 | - 0 0 o509 cos 5 w t
0:0422 Los 3w_-0:29 03 CoS u

0:50:01018 Los 5 w t 0 844 Los3

-
0 5 8 06
CoS w

Amplitude = _0:5-aaLoi8 cos Su t0.0R44_Los3w

0:58 O 6 CosW

3 ConVert the transfer tunction HCs)_of analoe4

butterworth LPF of orcler N=3_jn tto
equivalent digital ffLLter transfer functfon
usinqimpulse ín v ariance method. Consider
T 1 Sec
g.al for N=3.
Hc9)
Cs+1)Cs2+S +i)

HCS) =
CS+1 Cs+ 0 5 +0 86 G) (S A o: 5
J0.8 66)_
Usinqp.artia tuntion exp ansioh,-
 PAGE No.

HCS)= A C

CS+1) C5+o:5 + jo.86<) 5+05-jo 86 6)

Sfmplify
A 1 B - o:5 +o.283
HCs)= 1 + 0 5 t0 288 o 5 - J 0 2888
1+S
Csto5 +jo.866) S +0 5 j 0 8666
N
C then HC2) 2 CK
fHCS)= -1
k- S-PR k -e Pr T z

Here P -1, Pa 0:S o:866

o'5 + o8 666
& let 1-1sec
-0 S + j0*8 G6
HCz) -I . eJ 0*866 -
1-e
1 -e
+-0-S-jo86
- e
0 5 o-B66-1

-1 +0:66 z
1
HCz)= 1 0 4 86 z '+ o:3 68 z
- 0 3 68z-

0 5 t a i n parallel realization of the IIRtilter Sustem

-2
given by +2z
1t
+z

H C2) = -2
1 - 0 7 Sz + o - 125 z
2
HC2) 1+2zt
1- 75z+012 5z
H(zJH(2)-
 PACENC..

HCz)=

H2)

ytn)

H2) = _H(2) tH,Cz) t H(z)

HC2) = 1 2z
1-0:7S z + o-125

HC) (1+ 2z+ ) z+2z t1

z(1-o+5z+0.{25z2) z*-0 7Szt o.125

H()= z+2 zti

Cz-05) Cz-0-25)

Hcz) z 2 +z
z-o5) Cz-o-25)

Takinq- Partial fra ction expanston

H) A B
z
( z-0: 5) (z-o.25)_
A= (z 0:5) H2)|
z 2=0-5

( z 5 ) Ztz t2
(z 5) (2-o:25) Z o-5
 O N
U

N
o N
N O

O
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
25
N

N N
 PAGE NO.

05 HCz)
- yCh)

21
Paratie
Structue 0-25
L

5 Explain z ero input limi cycle oscillatfon effect in

diqital tlters
Whena
WihenL stable TIR diaital filter is extited by a
finite input sequen cethat is Constant, the output
of i idea lly decay to_zero
Ho ever thenonlin.earities due_to tinite precisio.n
arith metic opprations ofter cause periodicascillatio0s to
o Ccur jo the Output
Such OS cilloatioDs in recursiv eSystem are called 2ero
limit cu cle o sallations
Consider a first orde IIRflker with dittereh.ce eq

Le E & data reqiste Lenqth_is 3 -bits plusia.

Stgh bit
Tf the input_is x(n)= 0 8 +5 for n=0
Otheruise
and Soun din g applied attet arith mekfc_oper ation, the
table belaca desceibes the limit cucle behavious
Here . C repre sents the raunded-operation
 PAGE NO.

yCn-1) ytn-) Cocy cn-)I|ytn)= in)

+0yCn+)|
O
1
1/6 O l00

2 4
l4 1/8
0 0 0
1l4 1/8
/16 O-00 1/8
18 1/1 0.00 1/8
5

rom table we can fin d that for n 23,

the0/p_pemain
Constant å_ qives a s_as steady stuteOlp
Ca using
limit_cucle behaviour. -
When - 1 w e can see that the outpu
0Scillat or between o-125 and - 0:125

nxnn y tn-1 &9-DLdy Cn )yn)= xCn)+0Ky(n1)]

0-85 o 0-000
-/h6 110o -/2
2

3 J4 1/8

0 4/8 1/16 18
5 18 -116 1.001

Noie that beyondn the valu e y (n -D1

is+ i n binary 1. 000100 &0-ao ol 0 0- &
1G
when uuoded ives .00i& O g01
erhibitinq oscillatory behavîour.