LiGood Luck Publishers Li asic ENGLISH GRAMMAR é COMPOSITION fe { OTN iN % N OOO0 00 00 maze F = ee Fes @ @ eos ih = FRE I, | Scanne d with CamScannerA,B, C, D, E, EG... This order of the English : alphabet is called alphabetical order. A a Words in a dictionary and names in a telephone Unexpected ev InshapcAunt Poly had an TOne: Rant hasan apple | Rshep--aunt Foy hed o directory are arranged alphabetically. ‘This ce cncnuma, [sue arrangement helps to find them easily. sa ie ati | Bat tte If you want to know the meaning of the word oS ioea i bore angry, look under a, Then look for the next Fier nen mooring letter n and so on. In this way, you can find the word and its meaning easily. ‘To take what someone ofters. accepted the birthday it rom my fend. (@* EXERCISES Arrange the words in alphabetical order. 8. Find out the meanings of the following words using a dictionary 1. wealthy 4. shallow 2. pause 5. agile 3. leap 6. tough ‘acher's note: Bring a dictionary to class. Demonsiale how the words in it are atranged in alphabetical You can also play a game: Ask the students 4o queue up in alphabetical order according fo their names, 7 aa Scanned with CamScannerChapter A Sentence is a group of words that has complete meaning and makes sense. When we speak or write, we use Sentences. A Phrase contains two or more words. It does not have a Subject and Verb, A Phrase does not make complete sense. Rt oa ee wpe wo woman 10. . played with Arun . Rohan came back from school. - ate lunch .. Moti is Rohan’s dog. . to play with them . Moti ran around the boys. . The blue whale is the largest animal on earth. Arun was waiting with Rohan. at 2 o'clock in the afternoon have gone to the museum Lines 2, 4, 6, 8, 9 are Sentences because the groups of words make complete sense and have a meaning. Lines 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 are Phrases as they have some meaning, but do not make complete sense. ey 16 N ing a Sentence, you must remember the rules given belo A Sentence is a group of words arranged in an order that makes complete sense. . A Sentence begins with a Capital Letter and ends with a Full Stop (.), a Question Mark (?) or an Exclamation Mark (!). . There are various kinds of Sentences: Imperative Sentence, Interrogative Sentence, Exclamatory Sentence, Assertive Sentence (Positive and Negative Sentence). oe __——_l Scanned with CamScannerAL State whether the following are Words, Phrases or Sentences. 1, pen, box, put ——words. 2. in the box ——a_phrase____ 3. Put the pen in the box. ——asentence___ 4. on the ground There are two pictures on the wall, | —_______ Sing together. ———_—_—_— The children painted beautiful pictures, —____ i) wall, chalk, blackboard . Stars twinkle in the sky. — 10. with a ball —___———_. 6 11. for school NP yw ee 12. Penguins are flightless birds. 13. made of wood 14. We ate cakes and biscuits. —_———_ 7) 15. Itis a sunny day today. Rearrange the words given below to make meaningful sentences. Begin each sentence with a Capital Letter and end with a Full Stop (.). . play / football /I 2. cow/the/two/has/horns . full/basket /the/is/ fruits /of . rope/Tina/skipping/is/a/ with . there /days /are/week/in/a/seven a a Fw . the/monkey /tree /on/is/the Ba Scanned with CamScannertoo 7. the/ football /playing/boys/are 8. Ms Sharma/day /English/teaches Jus/every 9. boy/is/Varun/intelligent/an i | ee 10. flowers/lovely /has/garden/my a C. Rewrite these sentences using Capital Letters and Full Stops (.). 1. manish is seven years old 2. there are twelve months in a year 3. this book has twenty pages 4. this park has many swings 5. jack bought an aquarium 6. mumbai is a big city 7. i want to see the taj mahal 8, meena lives near my house 9. the ganges is a holy river 10. there are many rivers in our country {Basic English Grammar & Composition-4Chapter |X There are two parts of a sentence - Subject and Predicate. We name some person or thing, when we write a sentence. This naming part of the sentence is called the Subject. The Subject is the doer of the action. It may be a Noun or a Pronoun. Aword or group of words about which something is said is called the Subject of the Sentence. A word or group of words which says something about the Subject in a Sentence is called the Predicate. Metisse ee ancien cern ten 2. Babies crawl before they learn to walk. 4, Shalu is eating an apple. In sentence 1, the Subject is A rose and the Predicate is smells sweet. | In sentence 2, the Subject is Babies and the Predicate is craw! before they learn to walk, In sentence 3, the Subject is Maneesh and the Predicate is is reading. In sentence 4, the Subject is Shalu and the Predicate is is eating an apple. ] * The Subject of a sentence may be a single word or many words. * The Predicate of a sentence may also be a single word or many words. Scanned with CamScannerSubject My father All the actors The happy girl SSS STS CS eye on aCe eres eds ye cet ea Cet Ua oe Coa orate oe saa Oe 1. Go home! means (You) go home. 2. Sit down! means (You) sit down. 3. Read your lesson now! means (You) read your lesson now. "In the sentences above the word You, which i lef¥ out i the Subject) © exercises A. Divide the sentences given below into Subjects and Predicates. One is done for you. Subject Predicate . The garden is full of flowers. ~The garden __is full of flowers .. The peacock is a beautiful bird. . The goldsmith makes jewellery. ee . Rita and Jyoti are playing with a ball. 1 2 3. 4. 5. The poor woodcutter looked happy. 6. The girl was a princess. 7. Lizards eat small insects. 8. The camel has a hump on its back. 9. Ihave a teddy bear. 10. Rohit loves his toy car. (6 _) (Basic English Grammar & Composition Scanned with CamScannerB. Match the Subjects with suitable Predicates, 1, Jack’s parents 2. My school bus 3,_ The young man 4. Kenny 5. The aeroplane | 10. Lila C. Add Subjects to complete the sentences. One is done for you. 1, ——Tina______ is intelligent. is helping the injured. drank a glass of lemonade. repairs water taps and broken pipes. is the king of the forest. shines at night. is the capital of India. walks slowly. are having dinner. CEN anew 10, ______ is drawing a picture. Add Predicates to complete the sentences. One is done for you. 1. Mangoes —are delicious, _____. . The stars - . That old house . The postman . Gandhiji Trains —__ . The sun Mumbai . A clock 10. Computers CP PNauRON Scanned with CamScannerSentence. Read the sentences given below. 1. Mary is skipping. 2. Is Mary skipping? Sentence 1 tells or states something, It is a Statement. Sentence 2 asks a question. It is an Interrogative Sentence. Now read the following, Statements (1 Lam younger than you. . This is your new toy. QUESTIONS Sentences that state something are called Statements. Sentences that ask questions are called Interrogative Sentences or Questions, By changing the order of words, a Statement can be turned into a Question, Question Mark or Mark of Interrogation (?) is placed at the end of an Interrogati Creare) Am I younger than you? Is this your new toy? i 3. You are good in science. Are you good in science? 4. His grandfather was a soldier. Was his grandfather a soldier? 5. You were singing a song. _|Were you singing a song? 6. You should have a bath every day. _|Should you have a bath every day? 7. The Kumars will catch the Rajdhani Express. |8. They have done their homework. 9. She has seen the film Spiderman, _| Express? 10. Dimpy can come to meet Ms Lal. To make Interrogative Sentences, we use Helping Verbs does, did, has, have, will, can, should before the Subject in Can Dimpy come to meet Ms Lal? Will the Kumars catch the Rajdhani Have they done their homework? Has she seen the film Spiderman? is, am, are, was, were, do, 9] na sentence. | Scanned with CamScannerA. Change the sentences given below into Interrogative Sentences. 1. Mother is not in the kitchen. v . Father has gone to the office. 3. He will catch fresh fish in the pond. 4. The train is on the bridge. . Pushpa can solve the sums easily. 6. We must do our homework regularly. 7. Itis very cold today. 8. The teacher was on leave yesterday. 9. Meeta is fond of dogs. 10. There are fish in the tank. Use these Helping Verbs in the box to complete these sentences. One Helping Verb can be used more than once. 1. She sitting at her desk. 2. My mother ________ gone to meet her friend. 3. Suman ___ travelling by car. 4. Tt snowing last night. Statements and Questions >) (_9_) Scanned with CamScannerwaiting for the school bus. 5. The children 6. They ______ wearing jackets. 7. Diya _______ light the lamp. 8. A guard ______ standing at the door. 9. She ______ hurt her hand. 10. We ________ enjoy the school trip. Do, Does and Did * We use do with I, you, we and they and with Plural Nouns. * We use does with he, she, it and with Singular Nouns. * Did is the Simple Past Tense of do and does. * Do, does and did are used as Helping Verbs. We use do, does and did to as questions and answer them. 1. Does he enjoy music? 2. Do you know swimming? 3. Did it rain yesterday? Yes, he does. Yes, I do. No, it did not. ica erat ates Secu . Do you like watching television? . Did you read your book? . Does she like to sing? . Do they play football? . Did Manish play the piano at the party? . Do children go to the library? . Did you play with your pet dog? . Does Kavita sleep during the day? . Did you sleep well last night? . Does mother make cakes? Basic English Grammar & Composition SPeENanRwOnNnHE S Scanned with CamScannerC. Rewrite 1. nv 5. the statements as questions by using do, does or did. The doctor examined the patient. (did) Did the doctor examine the patient? Ses . She bought a new shirt. (did) . Anu plants trees in the garden. (does) . You know French. (do) The deer runs fast. (does) .. This pen writes well. (does) . The parrot flew out of the cage. (did) . They finished their homework a few hours ago. (did) She tries to speak English in the class. (does) They obeyed their teacher. (did) . You go to the park every morning. (do) They helped the wounded soldier. (did) . They read bedtime stories. (do) . She gives him water to drink. (does) . The cat pounced on the mouse. (did) « Note: Ask a few questions'and then explain them as being Inferogalive Sentences. y Statements an Questions ») it_) Scanned with CamScannerUSES Ty is gn 10. Questions Is he tired? 1. . Are you well? 2 . Are you not feeling well? 3. . Was he absent on Monday? 4, . Were you present there? 5. . Does your sister sing? 6. . Do you like milk? 7. . Do you dance? 8. . Has Shweta gone to the park? 9, Will you lend me your pen? 10. ehtnnen ees Answers Yes, he is tired. No, he is not (isn’t) tired. Yes, I am well. No, I am not well. Yes, I am not feeling well. No, I am feeling well. Yes, he was absent. No, he was not (wasn’t) absent. Yes, I was present there. No, Iwas not (wasn’t) present there, Yes, she does. No, she does not (doesn’t). Yes, I do. No, I do not (don’t). Yes, I do. No, I do not (don’t). Yes, she has. No, she has not (hasn’t). Yes, I will. (I'll) No, I will not (won't). Scanned with CamScannernd Negative Answers for these Questions, - Are your parents here? Will you go to the market? . Was the road wide? . Is the lion roaring? . Are these people going to the mall? . Do you like to play football? Do you have a pen? . Has he done his lessons? . Does your mathematics teacher solve all the sums on the board? ) ios ana Paces) CB) Scanned with CamScanneryr 10. 12, 14. 15. 16. 17. 1 8. 3. . Did you enjoy reading this story? . Do you know Venus is the hottest of all the planets? Are these children drawing? Will you come to my house in the evening? Were they playing cricket yesterday? Has Ramesh borrowed Kamal’s watch? Was it raining in the morning? Do we need to paint the pots? Are you going to the US? q Basic English Grammar & Composition4 Scanned with CamScannerTHE WH- FAMILY Chapter 7 + Many Interrogative Sentences start with wh- letters such as when, where, what, which, who, why and how, + We use Helping Verbs such as is, are, am, have, do to make wh- questions. The Helping Verb comes before the Subject. LOE eee 1, What is your name? My name is John. oy 2, Why was the dog barking? The dog was hungry. 3, Where do you live? Llive at B-34, Saharanpur. "| 4, Where is the boy with the hat? Helsintheteatiens | 5, Which is your classroom? The room on the left is my classroom. 6. How was the birthday party lastnight?” |The birthday party was great, 7. Who are those two girls? ‘Those two girls are Nitu and Geeta, 8. Who did you meet at the book fair? I met Anand at the book fair. 9, When is the next holiday? The next holiday is on Friday. 10. Whose book is this? It is Vivek. Answer the following questions. 1. Where are you going? —_ 2. Whose house is this? ee 3. Who did you give my book to? ee 4. What do you want to be when you — grow up? 5. Why are they going to Shimla? ee Scanned with CamScanner. When do you go to school? 6. 7. Where is he playing? 8. Which country do you live in? 9. What is the name of your class teacher? 10. Which one of you has a ball? 11. Who is the principal of your school? 12. What day of the week i it today? 13. Which is your favourite colour? 14. When do you go to bed at night? j 15. Why were you speaking loudly? 4 . Frame Questions for these Answers. The question words in brackets will help yot One is done for you. 1. Anshita is learning to play the piano. (What) . . fa 2. The train is on the Yamuna Bridge. (Where) 3. I will visit the Taj Mahal next week. (When) 4. You play cricket and badminton. (What) 5. Iwas born in Pune. (Where) 6. This is Mira’s dress. (Whose) 7. My birthday is on 11 November. (When) i 8. My class teacher is Ms Saxena. (Who) Basic English Grammar & Composition Scanned with CamScanner12. 13. 18. 20. class, TExcher's Nole: Infroduce the question words and encourage the students to ask and answer questions | . I want to go to Delhi. (Where) . The name of my country is India. (What) . The children flew kites. (What) This is my father’s car. (Whose) She is standing near the gate. (Where) . I live at 24, Park Street, Kolkata. (Where) . I play in the evening. (When) . She is Ragini, my friend. (Who) . Megha will catch her flight at 10 am. (When) Mr Shah is our principal. (Who) . My mother comes back from work in the evening. (When) The bunny was sitting on the table. (Where) The Wh- Family p Scanned with CamScannerSentences that tell something, are called Positive Sentences. Sentences that tell something which is not true or incorrect are called Neg, Sentences. These sentences use words such as no, not, never, none, nobody and no 9 REM ose cement aca poo Bw aw aa eon . Tam well. . Neeta is happy. . Asif is ready to dance. . We are lucky. . I can speak English. Positive Sentences Negative Sentences You are a liar. They are on time today. Sheeba was ill yesterday. They were absent yesterday. POenaupeonn ee We have a holiday tomorrow. 10. We do not have a holiday tomo! @* Exercises A. State whether these sentences are Positive or Negative. 1. Mini and Preeti are building a sandcastle. . It has not rained for the whole week. . Grandma prays every morning. . Lam never late for school. . Shalini loves her pet dog, Moti. . These boys do not know how to play chess, . Lam not well. . Neeta is not happy. . Asif is not ready to dance. . We are not lucky. . You are not a liar. They are not on time today. Sheeba was not ill yesterday. They were not absent yesterday. . I cannot speak English. Scanned with CamScanner7. The bus fell into a river. 8. Our team lost the football match. 9. The food at the restaurant was not good. 10. We all decided to help the injured. B. Rewrite the Positive Sentences given below into Negative Sentences. One is done for you. 1. There is some milk in the fridge. 2. I went to watch the football match yesterday. 3. Santosh sits idle. 4. We shall appear for the class test. 5. Mary visits the church on Sundays. 6. That was a costly necklace. 7. The fields are green. 8. Anees may be in the office. 9. Elephants like to eat bananas. 10. He goes to his village during the summer vacation. ra Scanned with CamScannerCompare the sentences given below. Positive Sentences Lam enjoying cartoons. You are working hard. We are doing our homework. He was taking rest. We were flying kites. . They are watching television. i a 1 2 3, She is baking a cake for me. 4, 5. 6 7, C. Change the Positive Sentences given below into Negative Sentences. One is done you. 1. Iam going to Mumbai today. They were sleeping on the roof. Negative Sentences I am not enjoying cartoons, You are not working hard, We are not doing our homework, She is not baking a cake for me, He was not taking rest. We were not flying kites. They are not watching television, 3. The baby was crying due to hunger. 4. Mr Sharma is attending a meeting. v The leaves are falling from the tree. 6. The postmen were delivering the letters, 7. It was raining hard yesterday. 8. Sheeba is skipping in the park. 9. The farmers are sowing seeds, 10. The gardener is watering the plants, 4 Basic English Grammar & Composition Scanned with CamScannerMoree Gaeucs with do, and did to change the Positive Sentences into Negative Read the Positive and Neg: Positive Sentences ative Sentences given below. Negative Sentences 1. I drink apple juice, 1. Ido not drink apple juice. 2 3, 4, 5. 6 . She does not eat rice and curry. . He watches films, . They play hockey. 2 . He does not watch films. 3 4. He knew me well. 5. 6. . They do not play hockey. . He did not know me well. . We played chess yesterday. We did not play chess yesterday. She eats rice and curry. > ExeRCi D. Change the Pos e Sentences given below into Negative Sentences. 1. I play the piano every day. . We eat rice and fish curry every day. 3. My friends gave me gifts. 4. I love sweets. w . My best friend is upstairs. ES . She baked a cake. 7. Subhash finds science easier than mathematics. 8. He wakes up early in the morning. Negative and Positive Sentences > Scanned with CamScannerm m 14. You may not have another ice cream, Teacher's Note: Explain the meaning of the word ‘negative’ 9. The thieves stole all the money. 10. He played with his friends yesterday. Change the following Positive Sentences into Negative Sentences. 1. Play in the sun. . Go in the dark. . Disturb other students. | Go for a walk. Seen . Copy your answer, Change the Negative Sentences given below into Positive Sentences. 1. She did not paint a picture of her mother. 2. Ido not enjoy taking part in the obstacle race. 3. Tina does not talk a lot. 4. Rahim does not work in a hurry. 5. He has no difficulty in climbing the tree. 6. The sun is not shining in the sky. 7. Parul is not a good bowler. 8. Venkat and his friends will not go to the picnic. 9. Seema was not dancing. 10. This painting is not finished. 11. It is not very hot today, 12. She did not win the first prize. 13, Mother was not cooking dinner in the kitchen. Basic English Grammar & Composition? Scanned with CamScannerA. Rearrange the words given below into sentences. Use Capital Letters, Full Stops and Question Marks, wherever required. One is done for you. 1. live cold penguins in places Penguins live in cold places. 2. away ran the thief Sn 3. hard blows the wind a 4. every day drink milk i Neen 5. cousin week my every letter writes a ©@©|§ Divide the following sentences into Subjects and Predicates. Subject Predicate 1, I met a friend in the street. 2. The girl carries a pot of water on her head. 3. Is there any water in the pot? 4, Children, do your lesson well. 5. Give me your book, please. Rewrite the Assertive Sentences given below as Interrogative Sentences. One is done for you. 1. Akbar was a wise king. —— Was Akbar a wise king? _ 9 .. Monkeys make a lot of noise. . Mathematics is Nina’s favourite subject. . Ritu is listening to a song. . The picture was hanging on the wall. 2 3. 4, 5. 6. They went to see a film yesterday. 7. Sudhir walks briskly. 8. He returned after an hour. 9. The sun is a star. 10. You have not brought an umbrella. Scanned with CamScannerD. Write Positive Answers to the Questions given below. 1. Will you kindly wait till I return? 2. Was he present today? 3. Are you sorry for what you have done? 4. Did you win the prize? 5. Do you think it’s going to rain? . Make Questions for the following answers. 1. That is Gopal over there. 2. The foolish crow tried to sing. 3. She is happy because she got a present. 4. We are standing on the bridge. 5. This book is mine. F. Change the following Positive Sentences into Negative Sentences. 1. Lam flying a kite. 2. We are hungry. 3. This is a big swimming pool. | It was windy yesterday. . He is hiding behind the tree. . [have some rice in the bowl. . We have a holiday today. . Tina eats healthy food. SPN aap Virat Kohli is a good batsman, 10. Mother was cooking dinner in the kitchen, Basic English Grammar & Composition-a Scanned with CamScannerPARTS OF SPEECH Chapter « There are eight Parts of Speech in the English grammar. We use the different Parts of Speech while writing in and speaking English. Their names are given below. 1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Adjective 4. Verb 5. Adverb 6. Preposition 7. Conjunction 8. Interjection ANGER oc hott nrnte een accom aa ces 1, Ashoka was a great king. 3. The rose smells sweet. 2. New Delhi is the capital of India. 4. His honesty was praised by all. In sentence 1, Ashoka and king are the names of persons. In sentence 2, New Delhi and India are the names of places. In sentence 3, rose is the name of a thing. In sentence 4, honesty is the name of a quality. lata eoe eC M ACCT Bt ECCS aE UN CITTE 1, The boys are going to the playground. They are ready to play a match. 2. Neha is a very kind girl. Everybody loves her. 3. Geeta is reading the storybook. She is enjoying reading it. In sentence 1, boys is a Noun. They is the word used in place of this Noun. | They is a Pronoun. In sentence 2, Neha is a Noun. Her is the word used in place of this Noun. Her is a Pronoun. In sentence 3, Geeta and storybook are Nouns. She and it are the words used. in place of these Nouns. She and it are Pronouns, jective: An Adjective is a word that adds to the meaning of a Noun or 1, Manoj is a good student. 2. He gave me some money. Scanned with CamScanner3. Many people gathered there. 4. He is angry with his sister. In sentence 1, the word good is an Adjective. It quale? the noun sh In sentence 2, the word some is an Adjective. It qualifies the noun n In sentence 3, the word many is an Adjective. It qualifies the noun p In sentence 4, the word angry is an Adjective. It qualifies the pronouy Note: In sentence 4, the Adjective angry qualifies the Pronoun he. In all g sentences, the Adjectives qualify the Nouns. Woe OEm cme Gl Say something about some person, place thats ene greta te Subject is or does: 1, Sunday is the first day of the week. 2. They are my sisters. 3. The sun gives us light and heat. 4. We worship God daily. In sentence 1, is is the Verb. It tells us what the Subject Sunday is, In sentence 2, are is the Verb. It tells us what the Subject sisters are. In sentence 3, gives is the Verb. It tells us what the Subject sun does, In sentence 4, worship is the Verb. It tells us what the Subject we do. cease CU Cr OS Cee Ce EE Ea VEC eentanee Gti PALO abate ae 1. Raksha helps others happily. 2. The sunrise here is very charming. 3. Sunita pronounced the word quite correctly. 4. It is extremely hot today. In sentence 1, the word happily modifies the Verb helps. So, Insentence 2, the word very modifies the Adjective charming. Insentence 3, the word quite itis an Adverb) So, it isan Adverb, modifies the Adverb correctly, So, itis an Adverb, Insentence 4, the word extremely modifies the Adjective hot, So, itis an Adverb, (( Baie Felt Gunnar Conpitin’ ~~ QEOU ESOC E Ne hum Giek Greece anccnce cri Pronoun and some other word in a sentence. It is placed before a Noun or a 1. There is a cow in the field. 2. Smita is fond of music. 3. She put her purse on the table. 4. He rested under the tree. In sentence 1, the word in indicates the relation between the Nouns cow and field, It is a Preposition. In sentence 2, the word of indicates the relation between the Nouns Smita and music. It is a Preposition. In sentence 3, the word on indicates the relation between the Nouns purse and table. It is a Preposition. In sentence 4, the word under indicates the relation between the Pronoun he and tree. It is a Preposition. Tc Ree oO ee CCR aed . Two and two make four. He worked hard but could not succeed. Run fast or you will miss the train. He got a prize because he worked hard. Rene In sentence 1, the word and joins two Nouns. In sentence 2, the word but joins a sentence and a group of words. In sentences 3 and 4, the words or and because join two sentences. Such words are called Conjunctions, (Lee) ila Carp fetes OUTER CCU CLC Sg CEC ORO CURIA g 1. Ah! He is saved. 2. Alas! She has lost everything. 3. Hurrah! He has scored a goal. 4. Oh! What a horrible sight. SILT S , TE) — Scanned with camscanner. ti There are some words given in italics in these sentences. Identify the Part of they belong to. Read the examples given below. 1. Parents love their children. + This nurse will help the patient, . They like to travel by train. + There are many big cities in India. 2 3. 4 5. Mother looked at me smilingly. 6. This road leads to the railway station. 7. [found a coin yesterday. 8. Smita told a lie. 9. Sheela looks sad. 10. Sonu dives into the swimming pool, 11. Alas! Grandfather has missed the train, 12. The clouds give us rain, 13. The snake crawls to move around. 14. Honey tastes sweet. 15. There is an inkpot on the table, I Teachers Note: Reifoce the cgh Pats of Spach by mean of various classroom a {Basic English Grammar & Composition A Scanned with CamScannerNOUNS AND KINDS Chapter + We know that Nouns are naming words. Nouns name a person, place, thing, or quality. Notice that the subject is either a Noun or a Pronoun. Nouns generally answer the question Who is it? or What is it? « There are four kinds of Nouns: 1, Common Nouns: man, woman, boy, girl, river 2. Proper Nouns: Romesh, Bhopal, India, Sunday 3. Collective Nouns: class, army, navy, crowd 4, Abstract Nouns: childhood, beauty, honesty, kindness Gina Ciie Koon ee Che Geteatat caer eke see 1. The doctor is examining the patient. 3. There is a door and window in the room. love to chase rats. 4. There are three eggs on the plate. he words doctor and patient are the names of persons. The words cats and rats are the names of animals. The words door and window are the names of things while the word room is the name of a place. The words eggs and plate are the names of things. The Nouns doctor, patient, rats, cats, door, window, room, eggs and plate are used ‘common for every person, animal, place or thing of the same kind. These Nouns *® called Common Nouns. Scanned with CamScanneres of Animals, Persons, Places or Thing A. In the given sentences, state the nam 1. Teachers teach in schools work in hospitals. — 2. Doctors and nurs 3. Dogs bark at strang 4. Bricks are made of clay. —— 5. Iron is more useful than gold. — 6. A fox saw a bunch of grapes. — 7. All the boys went to see the exhibition. — 8. The rose has a sweet fragrance. — 9. Mother has cooked nice food. 10. The teacher is in the classroom. B. Sort the Nouns in the correct columns. [Rouse [pilot village [cowshed ‘soldier “saucer bread mother whale __exhibitio Aotel ‘sea cobbler island mason pickle vulture lion priest king ‘circus officer fort ___ author ‘policeman _| friend hill floor butcher child reengrocer _| cloth ‘milk Money town nightingale _roof _aunt restaurant starfish cheese butter lady duck sailor ‘box isheep field aoe (inorcoae lees nee — | Hak Gonna Soni’ TS Scanned with CamScannerC. In the rows of words given below, all the words are Nouns, except one. Find out that word and write it in the blanks, One is done for you. 1, sea, river, pond, see, tank, ——see_it 2. ear, eye, nose, walk, tongue —— 5. man, woman, speak, boy, girl ———_____ 4. 200, hotel, restaurant, eat, cafe = 5. aeroplane, run, scooter, car, ship . grocer, shopkeeper, sell, Breengrocer, butcher 7. day, hour, minute, loud, second 8. window, door, roof, wash, floor 9. cup, plate, saucer, spoon, shiny 10. fresh, mango, apple, guava, pear D. Spot and state the odd word in each row. school, college, playground, library, homework swan, duck, geese, crane, lion sky, earth, sun, moon, stars tomato, potato, onion, spinach, grapes . jelly, jam, pickle, mango, sauce purse, box, trunk, leather, bag lotus, rose, lily, sunflower, plants 8. cousin, nephew, servant, niece, sister NOUR wDPe ee 9. butter, ghee, cheese, milk, curd 10. den, nest, stable, park, hole Choose the words from the help box to answer these questions. 1. Who brings our letters? HELP BOX Who catches fish in the sea or river? Who flies aeroplanes? - Who drives a car? Who administers an office? Who lays bricks? 7. Who sells meat? Who writes books? 9. Who catches thieves? '0. Who makes wooden furniture? Nouns and Kinds of Nouns >) (_3{_) Scanned with CamScannerLey Trae eS SNM URE nC aap aE eee pl BS atta haa a TION Ms nea Ue ec y yd cae * Special names of people, places, oceans, seas, rivers, months ang day Proper Nouns. Look at the Pictures and read the sentences given below. = 1. Akbar was a great king, 3. Sachin is a cricket player, SE cca 2. The Taj Mahal is in Agra city, 4. Palak is a good dancer. In sentence 1, Akbar is the name of a Particular king, it isa Proper Noun. a Common Noun. In sentence 2, Taj Mahal is the name of a Agra is the name of a particular city, it is Common Noun. Particular building, it is a Proper No also a Proper Noun. The word city i In sentence 3, Sachin is the name of a p: articular cricket pl The word player is a Common Noun. ayer, it isa Proper Noun In sentence 4, Palak is the name of a particular dancer, it is a Proper Noun. The word dancer is a Common Noun. Scanned with CamScannerick out the Proper Nouns is done for you, Proper Noun Common Noun Sheela is a nurse, Sheela = —nurse__ . My grandparents live in Dehradun, Neha is a good girl, Shivaji was a Maratha king, June is the hottest month of the year, 6. Delhi is the capital of India. 7. Montee’s birthday is in August. 8. We celebrate Republic Day in our school. 9. The Ganges is the holy river of India. 10. Jawaharlal Nehru was a great leader. L 2 4 >. Rewrite the sentences given below using Capital Letters, wherever required. 1. king solomon was known for his wisdom. and Common Nouns from the sentences given below. One 2. japan is made up of four islands. 5. nanda devi and kanchenjunga are the mountain ranges of the himalayas. 4. king bruce regained his kingdom at last. 5. emperor ashoka ruled over India for a long time. 6. smita visited the red fort on wednesday. 7. mahatma gandhi is called the ‘Father of the Nation’. 5. moscow is the capital of russia. 9. the pacific ocean is the deepest of all oceans. 10. anil sehgal lives in a village in punjab. é Nouns and Kinds of Nouns > Scanned with CamScannerCollective Noun! These Nowns are words for a group of people, ,, Shc IDithy-cy 3. Aherd of cattle is grazing in field. TAT Harry joined a band of musicians. 4. 2. I saw a shoal of fish swi in the river. In the sentences above, the words team, band, herd and shoal are Collect Nouns. They are called Collective Nouns as they represent collections of and animals. @ exercises: oa H. Complete these sentences using the Collective HELP BOX bunch team flock crowd army _ litter Nouns in the help box. class crew library bundll 1. The _____ is studying grammar, 2. Our ——— won the match, 3. He led the —____ of soldiers into battle. (Baie tngih Gannar6 Conpoiin’ ~~ ES Scanned with CamScanner4. There was a big at the railway station. 5, [have lost my __of keys somewhere. 6. A__________ of sheep is grazing in the field. in the street. 7. [saw a____ of puppie: 8. There are very good books in our school 9, The whole of the _____ drowned with the hip. 10. The woodcutter put the ______ of sticks and went away. Underline the Collective Nouns in the sentences given below. 1. A pack of wolves attacked the flock of sheep. Samir has a set of tools to repair television sets. 3. A fox saw a bunch of grapes on the vine. 4. A swarm of bees flew out of the hive. 5. The magician looked at the audience. 6. The old man gave a bundle of sticks to his sons. A herd of elephants crossed the village. 8. The police caught the gang of robbers. 9. The elephant saw a pride of lions near the stream. 10. The king’s fleet of ships set sail. ll. They pulled a tuft of grass out of the ground. 12. The minister addressed a large crowd. 13. Jatin is travelling with a troupe of actors. 14. I love my family very much. 15. I gave my mother a bouquet of flowers. Who is the monitor of this class? 12. Sohan was climbing the flight of steps. 18. The crew reached the shore. - My elder sister has a pile of books on her table. 20. Mother hen looks after her brood of chickens. Nouns and Kinds of Nouns > Scanned with CamScanneré ality, state, fee|;, Gna oa ners oF FURR ce case cece Eyal PoC OMe Acris yas eats Read the sentences given below. ty. (feeling) 1. Mona and her friends had fun at the birthday party. 8 2. Children need love from their parents. (feeling) 3. Abdul Hamid was rewarded for his bravery. (quality) 4. The length of a sari is six metre. (idea) J. Underline the Abstract Nouns in the sentences given below. 1. Panna Dai was a woman of great courage. 2. Life is full of happiness. 3. Birbal was known for his wisdom. 4. Punctuality is a good habit, vw . Laughter is a good medicine. x . Ms Kumar was very pleased with the honesty of her son. . Everybody likes Mayank for his cheerfulness, 8. People cannot forget Mother Teresa for her kindness, 9. Gandhiji always followed the path of truth, 10. The rose has a sweet fragrance. 11. We should follow the advice of our elders, 12. All the children were full of joy when they heard about the picnic. 13. The cruelty of the king made him unpopular, 14. My father is a judge. He believes in justice. 15. Kitty was in pain as she hurt her leg. ¢ Basic English Grammar & Composition-a Scanned with CamScannerK. Answer the questions given below using the Abstract Nouns given in the help box. What quality does a kind man show? . What quality does an honest man show? . What quality does a foolish man show? 4. What quality does an angry man show? What quality does a lazy man show? 6. What quality does a brave person show? mt . What quality does a cruel man show? 8. What quality does a generous man show? 9. What quality does a strong man show? 10. What quality does a polite man show? her's Note: Recapitulate with familiar words in the surroundings. ] Nouns and Kinds of Nouns > Scanned with CamScanner¢ ANoun that denotes or points out one person, place or thing is a Singular Noun, * ANoun that denotes or points out more than one person, place or thing is a Plural Noun. 3. Late a dish of fruits. 20328 4. Late many dishes of fruits. Formation of Plural Nouns 1. Most of the Nouns form their Plurals by adding Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural balloon balloons tree trees prince princes root roots picture pictures tongue tongue boy boys word words slate slates girl girls year years shoe shoes eye eyes door doors kite kites game games window windows lion lions aS SLY TEN Scanned with CamScanner- Nouns that end in -ch, +8, -89, -h, © cingulars. cingular class glass bus prush watch bench Plural classes glasses, buses brushes. watches. benches. Singular box tax kiss (Noun) dish bush peach or - form their Plurals by adding, -e8 to the Plural Singular Plural boxes Jone Joss taxes fox foxes kisses catch catches dishes. match matches bushes: bunch bunches peaches beach beaches 3, Nouns ending in -y with a Consonant before the -y, form their Plurals by changing, y into -ies. singular army Plural armies babies bodies cities copies countri Singular cry (Noun) duty diary dairy family fly (Noun) Plural Singular Plural cries fairy fairies | duties lady ladies | diaries lily lilies dairies pony ponies | families reply replies flies story stories Plural Singular Plural keys toy toys monkeys valley valleys rays way ways ouns that end in -f or -fe form their Plurals by changing, -f or -fe into -ves. rgular Plural Singular boys key chimneys monkey donkeys ray ‘gular Plural Singular calf calves shelf wolf wolves half at leaves thief Plural Singular — Plural shelves life lives halves knife knives thieves wife wives: Sea Pa 9) 38) Pe Scanned with CamScannerSingular Plural Singular Plural chief chiefs dwart dwarfs cliff clifts roof roots hoot hoofs /hooves sate safes Proof proots gulf gults by adding -es to the Singulars, 5. Nouns ending in -o form their Plurals ngular Plural Singular Plural Singular butfalo buffaloes mango mangoes hero echo echoes mosquito mosquitoes potato cargo cargoes motto mottoes tomato Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular bamboo — bamboos dynamo — dynamos photo piano pianos stereo stereos video 6. Some Nouns form their Plurals by changing the inside Vowel. Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular foot feet man men tooth goose geese mouse mice woman Some Nouns do not follow any rules. We have to keep in mind theif and Plural forms. Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular child children ox oxen fish Some Nouns have the same Singular and Plural forms. 8. Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular deer deer dozen dozen sheep ‘q Basic English Grammar & Composition-4 Scanned with CamScanner(or ucce eccrine ety ote metic Cm a cic! 1, We use a or an with Singular Nouns. 2, A Singular Noun used as a Subject takes a Singular Verb. 3, A Plural Noun used as a Subject takes a Plural Verb. A girl is playing with a hula hoop. 3. An elephant is eating a banana. animal match story play valley | photo fairy Tose tree brush mother dozen Singular and Plural Nouns > Scanned with CamScanner| potato es | policemen | Lmen ships __ —_—| a sing! al. C. Change the Nouns in these sentences from Singular to Plur; 1, The child caught the ball. - The policeman caught the thief. . A leaf fell from the tree. 4. The boy ran after the butterfly. . The baby has a toy. a . A wolf scared the sheep. . Keep the pen on the table. 8. We eat noodles with a fork. D. Change the Nouns in these sentences from Plural to Singular. 1. The old men were walking with their sticks. . The dogs played with the cats. . Her brothers love to eat mangoes, ow Hina bought frocks and toys . The teachers are going to the classes, . Women love their children, Monkeys climb trees, . Houses have roofs, SRPrNaw . The children hid behind the bushes, 10. The women toaste d loaves of bread, Scanned with CamScannerIEES’dSOS<*«SO V*SS=~= == | g, Use the Plural forms of the Singular Nouns given in the help box to complete the paragraph. | photograph chair friend —_party song dish chip | te gill toffee child balloon pastry Ww? {eenu threw a party at her house. She invited all her _______— . Her mom . Her father clicked __________ with a , cold drinks and here. ‘ooked delicious tal camera. They had . All the danced on the latest Meenu’s younger brother played with . Her mother then took out the guitar and began to play it. Everybody clapped and sat beside her on the stood up and danced on the guitar tune. _. Two Meenu’s mother played many ——__—— that night. That is why Meenu loves at her house. Teccher's Note: Explain the usage of a, an and the in Singular and Plural sentences, eo Scanned with CamScannern, boys or males. Masculine Nouns are naming words for me girls or females. * Feminine Nouns are naming words for women: nder Nouns that nd explorer * There are some Common C Doctor, engineer, traveller, scientist an * Neuter Nouns are naming words for thi books are Neuter Gender Nouns. EEN ec Keucee . By using a different word are used for both males ang ‘are Common Gender Now ngs. Computer, air conditioner, mi Masculine Fer Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine wizard witch father mother husband brother sister gentleman lady nephew sir madam landlord landlady son bridegroom bride uncle aunt king 2. By adding -ess to the Masculine Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine = Masculine Fem author authoress poet poetess shepherd _ shep priest priestess host hostess mayor 3. By dropping a Vowel and adding -ess Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Masculine Femi actor actress governor — governess emperor emprt duke duchess prince princess master 4, By changing a word before or after a Masculine Noun Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine grandfather —_ grandmother mother-in-law father-ind grandson —_—_granddaughter sori law: daughter Scanned with CamScannernee 5, We find Masculine and Feminine Genders in animals and birds too. Masculine Feminine culine Feminine bull cow horse mare buck doe lion lioness fox vixen tiger tigress cock hen peacock peahen drake duck ram ewe 1. priest . wall lad es place 3 3 g mother 2. girl 15. nephew 3. son 16. wife 4. mare 17. tigress lion 18. sister 6. bull Scanned with CamScannerC. Rewrite the sentences given below by changin the Genders of the Nouns in italig 1. May I come in, sir? , ildren. 2. The headmaster gave away the prizes t0 the chi 3, The bridegroom is a smart young "41 led the function. 4. The queen and the prince attend! 5. The girl told my mother about the painting. 6. The duke wore a pretty jacket. 7. We saw a lion and a tiger at the 200. 8. Grandfather visited Lalit’s school yesterday. D. Complete the sentences with the correct Masculine or Feminine Gender Nouns. 1. My __________ and aunt live in the USA. 2. My father and __ hosted my birthday party. 3. The ____________ and waitresses look after guests at restaurants. 4, There are many wizards and in Harry Potter films. 5. There was ahorseanda___________in the stabl le. {Basic English Grammar & Composition-# Scanned with CamScanner