SHS

General Physics 1 Activity Sheet

Quarter 2 – MELC 17-20
Week 4
WAVES AND WAVE MOTION

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

i
General Physics 1
Activity Sheet No. 7- Waves and Wave Motion
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be reproduced or

transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written permission
from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of General Physics 1 Activity Sheet

Writers: Jose Devin C. Celorico

Illustrators: Felizardo S. Valdez III
Layout Artist: Felizardo S. Valdez III
Reviewer: Analie V. Almaiz

Division of Kabankan City Management Team:

Portia M. Mallorca
Peter J. Galimba
Helen M. Bocol
Analie V. Almaiz
Regional Management Team:
Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma
Josilyn S. Solana
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Rovel R. Salcedo
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Anita S. Gubalane
Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
Joseph M. Pagalaran

ii
Introductory Message
Welcome to General Physics 1!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of Kabankalan and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD).
This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and
responsible adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to
12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also
assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and
attitudes for productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The General Physics 1 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the leaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)
with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be
made available to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent
learning.

For the learner:

The General Physics 1 Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue

learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities
and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed
schedule.

iii
Name of Learner:_____________________________________________________
Grade and Section:_________________ Date: ___________________________

GENERAL PHYSICS 1 ACTIVITY SHEET No. 7

Waves and Wave Motion

I. Learning Competency with Code

• Define mechanical wave, longitudinal wave, transverse wave, periodic wave,

and sinusoidal wave. (STEM_GP12PMIId-31)

• Differentiate underdamped, overdamped, and critically damped motion.

(STEM_GP12PMIId-28)

• From a given sinusoidal wave function infer the speed, wavelength,

frequency, period, direction, and wave number. (STEM_GP12PMIId-32)

• Apply the inverse-square relation between the intensity of waves and the
distance from the source. (STEM_GP12MWSIIe- 34)

II. Background Information for Learners

You are in a world full of waves, the two main types are mechanical waves and
electromagnetic waves. Mechanical waves where the physical medium is being
disturbed like a peeble thrown in a water wherein the elements of water are
disturbed. Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to propagate like the
radio waves, television signals, and x-rays.
All waves carry energy, but the magnitude of energy transmitted through a
medium and the processes how is it transported differ from case to case. Like the
power of ocean waves during a storm is much greater than the power of sound waves
generated by a single human voice.

III. Activity Proper

Read the following discussions and illustrations. Study carefully the sample
problems.

Activity 1
• Mechanical waves are produced when particles vibrate in a medium in which the
wave propagates.
• A continuous disturbance creates a series of waves called Periodic waves.
• In Transverse wave, particles oscillate perpendicularly to the direction of wave
motion.
• In a Longitudinal wave, the oscillations of particles are parallel to the direction of
propagation.

1
• A Sinusoidal wave or Sine wave is a geometric waveform that oscillates (moves
up, down or side-to-side) periodically, and is defined by the finction of y = sin x.
In other words, it is an s-shaped, smooth wave that oscillates above and below
zero.
• The Amplitude of a wave is the distance from the centre line (or the still position)
to the top of a crest or to the bottom of a trough. Be careful with this quantity -
the center line is not always given in a diagram. Amplitude is measured in meter
(m). The greater the amplitude of a wave then the more energy it is carrying.
• The Wavelength (λ) of a wave is the distance from any point on one wave to the
same point on the next wave along. (The symbol is a Greek letter, 'lambda'.) To
avoid confusion, it is best to measure wavelength from the top of a crest to the
top of the next crest, or from the bottom of a trough to the bottom of the next
trough. Wavelength is also measured in metres (m) - it is a length after all.
• The Frequency(f) of a wave is the number of waves passing a point in a certain
time. We normally use a time of one second, so this gives frequency the
unit hertz(Hz), since one hertz is equal to one wave per second.
• The wave Period (T) is the time (Measuerd in seconds) required for the point to
complete one full cycle of its motion, from its highest point to its lowest and ack
again.
• A wave can be transverse or longitudinal depending on the direction of its
oscillation. Transverse waves occur when a disturbance causes oscillations
perpendicular (at right angles) to the propagation (the direction of energy
transfer). Longitudinal waves occur when the oscillations are parallel to the
direction of propagation. While mechanical waves can be both transverse and
longitudinal, all electromagnetic waves are transverse. Sound, for example, is a
longitudinal wave.
• The Wave number (k) is also known as propagation number or angular wave
number. It is defined as the number of wavelengths per unit distance.

𝟐𝝅
Wave number (k) = 𝝀
𝟐𝝅
Angular frequency (𝝎) = 𝑻

Speed of Wave
v=f𝝀
v = frequency x wavelength

2
Speed of a Longitudinal wave

𝑲 𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠
In liquids: v = √ 𝝆 = √𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
𝑬 𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠
In solids: v = √ = √
𝝆 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑
𝜸𝑷 𝛾 𝑥 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑎𝑠
In gas: v = √ = √
𝝆 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑎𝑠

where: K = Bulk modulus

E = Young’s modulus
P = pressure of gas
𝜌 = density of the substance
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝛾=
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

Speed of a Transverse wave

𝑭 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
v = √𝝁 = √𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

Critical damping (red line)

this is when the oscillations return to equilibrium in the shortest possible
time. It is used when an oscillating system is not desirable, e.g. suspension
systems, compass needles.
Over damping (green line)
the condition in which damping of an oscillator causes it to return to
equilibrium without oscillating; oscillator moves more slowly toward
equilibrium than in the critically damped system.
Under damping (blue line)
the condition in which damping of an oscillator causes it to return to
equilibrium with the amplitude gradually decreasing to zero; system returns
to equilibrium faster but overshoots and crosses the equilibrium position one
or more times. All practical oscillators, such as springs and pendulums are in
fact lightly damped, and each oscillation is slightly smaller.

3
Inverse Square Law Formula
The inverse square law describes the intensity of wave at different distances from a
source. Every wave source is different, but the intensity changes in the same way.
The intensity of wave is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
𝑰𝟏 𝒅𝟐 𝟐
=
𝑰𝟐 𝒅𝟏 𝟐
where: I1 = light intensity at distance 1
I2 = light intensity at distance 2
d1 = distance 1 from light source (m)
d2 = distance 2 from light source (m)

Sample Problem:
1. The speed of sound in water is 1450 m/s. Calculate the bulk modulus K of
water.

Given:
v = 1450 m/s
𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3

Solution:
𝐾
v = √𝜌
v2 = K/𝜌
K = v2 𝜌 = (1450 m/s)2(1000 kg/m3)
K = 2.1 x 109 Pa

2. The intensity of a radio signal is 0.120 W/m2 at a distance of 16.0 m from

a small transmitter. What is the intensity of the signal 4.00 m from the
transmitter?

Given:
I1 = ? d1 = 4 m
I2 = 0.120 W/m2 d2 = 16 m

Solution:
𝑰𝟏 𝒅𝟐 𝟐
=
𝑰𝟐 𝒅𝟏 𝟐
Now, substitute the values that are known into the equation:

I1 = (16.0)(0.120 W/m2)
I1 = 1.92W/m2
The intensity of the radio signal 4.00 m from the transmitter is 1.92 W/m2.

4
3. The diagram below shows wave motion of source having frequency 2 Hz.
Find a)wavelength, b)velocity, and c)amplitude of wave.

Solution:
(a) Looking at the diagram given above, the wavelength is a complete
cycle. Therefore 𝜆 = 24cm

(b) v = f 𝜆
= (2 Hz)(0.24 m)
= 0.48 m/s

(c) Using picture given above, we find amplitude as 6 cm

4. The average range of frequencies at which human beings can hear sound
waves varies from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Calculate the wavelength of the
sound wave in these limits. Assume the speed of sound to be 340 m/s.

Given:
v = 340 m/s
f1 = 20 Hz
f2 = 20,000 Hz
Solution:
𝐯 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝐦/𝐬
𝛌𝟏 = = = 𝟏𝟕 𝐦
𝐟𝟏 𝟐𝟎 𝐇𝐳
𝐯 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝐦/𝐬
𝛌𝟐 = 𝐟𝟐
= 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐇𝐳
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕 𝐦

5. A man saw a toy duck on a wave in an ocean. He noticed that the duck
moved up and down 15 times per minute. He roughly measured the
wavelength of the ocean wave as 1.2 m. Calculate the time taken by the
toy duck for going one time up and down and also the velocity of the ocean
wave.

Given:
𝜆 = 1.2 𝑚

Solution:
Given that the number of times the toy duck moves up and down is
15 times per minute. This information gives frequency (the number of times
the toy duck moves up and down)
15 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑦 𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑘 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 15
f= 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
= 60 𝑠 = 0.25 Hz

5
The time taken by the toy duck for going one time up and down is the period which
is the inverse of frequency
1 1
T = 𝑓 = 0.25 𝐻𝑧 = 4 s
The velocity of ocean wave is
v = 𝜆𝑓 = (1.2 m)(0.25 Hz) = 0.30m/s

Solve the following problems.

1. A longitudinal wave of frequency 100 Hz has a wavelength of 11 m. Find the

speed of propagation.

2. Calculate the speed of sound in air at S.T.P. Density of air at S.T.P. = 1.293
kg/m3, 𝛾 = 1.40.

3. Find the velocity of a transverse wave in a string which is 4.0 m long with a
total mass of 20 g when under a tension of 100N.

4. Find the velocity of a longitudinal wave in a brass rod whose density is 8.5
g/cm3.

5. A wave with a frequency of 300 per second travels from water in which its
veleocity is 1450 m/s to air which its velocity is 331.5 m/s. Calculate the
wavelength in each medium.

6. Which of the following has longer wavelength?

7. A certain microwave has a wavelength of 0.032 meters. Calculate the

frequency of this microwave.

8. A low-frequency radio wave has a frequency of 250,000Hz. What is the

wavelength of this radio wave? (Hint: Don’t forget that this is an electromagnetic
wave, and therefore you should automatically know its speed.)

9. The quartz crystal used in an electric watch vibrates with frequency 32,768 Hz.
What is the period of the crystals motion?

10. A sound wave traveling at 350 m/s has a frequency of 500 Hz. What is its
wavelength?

6
Activity 2. Answer the following questions using any references.

1. Briefly define the following:

a. Mechanical wave
_______________________________________________________________________

b. Longitudinal wave
_______________________________________________________________________

c. Transverse wave
_______________________________________________________________________

d. Periodic wave
_______________________________________________________________________

2. Give more examples (by completing the table) of the following oscillating
systems.
Critical damping Over damping Under damping
The needle in a Shock absorbers in Plucking a guitar string
bathroom scale automobiles
Compass needle Bridges Riding a swing
1. Car suspensions Simple pendulum
2. 5. 8.
3. 6. 9.
4. 7. 10.

IV. Reflection

Complete the statements below.

I understand_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

I don’t understand _____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

I need more information about ___________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

7
 8
College Physics: Schaum’s Outline Series (1971), McGraw-Hill •
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
College Physics by Abastillas, Asperilla, Magno, Palisoc and Roxas (1994), •
Physics by Navaza and Valdes (1996), Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. •
longitudinal-waves/
https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-transverse-and-vs- •
Motion/102
https://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Physics/24/Waves-and-Wave- •
VI. References
Activity 1
1. v = 𝜆𝑓 = 1100 m/s
𝜸𝑷
2. v = √ 𝝆 = 331 m/s where: Standard pressure = 1.013 x 105 Pa
𝑭
3. v = √𝝁 = 140 m/s where: 𝜇 = mass/length
𝑬
4. v = √𝝆 = 3300 m/s where: Young’s modulus of Brass = 9 x 1010 Pa
5. 𝜆 = 𝑣/𝑓
𝜆air = 4.83m, 𝜆water = 1.10 m
6. c
7. f = v/𝜆 = 9.375x109 Hz where: speed of light = 3.0 x 108 m/s
8. 𝜆 = 𝑣/𝑓 = 1200 m where: speed of light = 3.0 x 108 m/s
9. T = 1/f = 3.05 x 10–5 s
10. 𝜆 = 𝑣/𝑓 = 0.7 m
Activity 2
1. Refer to the discussion above.
Reflection (answer varies)
V. Answer Key