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09 Word Formation A

1. Compounding involves joining two or more words into a single word like blackboard or greenhouse. New compounds often use a hyphen which is eventually dropped. 2. Derivation forms new words by adding prefixes, suffixes, or infixes to word stems. Common English prefixes include re-, inter-, and bi- and common suffixes include -er, -ion, and -ly. 3. Invention creates totally new words not derived from other words, though this process is rare, with examples being kodak and zipper.

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Yousef Mahmoud
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794 views

09 Word Formation A

1. Compounding involves joining two or more words into a single word like blackboard or greenhouse. New compounds often use a hyphen which is eventually dropped. 2. Derivation forms new words by adding prefixes, suffixes, or infixes to word stems. Common English prefixes include re-, inter-, and bi- and common suffixes include -er, -ion, and -ly. 3. Invention creates totally new words not derived from other words, though this process is rare, with examples being kodak and zipper.

Uploaded by

Yousef Mahmoud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Blending Backformation

Acronymy
Antonmasia

Word Formation
Clipping Reduplication

Compounding
ism

Derivation
Invention

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Chapter 4: Processes of Word formation

1.1.Compounding
Compoundingis the joining of two or
more words into a single word.
blackboard greenhouse textbook
wallpaper bluebird outpatient bookcase
dogfood lunchbox swimsuit caveman

spoonfeed outlive dryclean


underestimate

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1. Compounding is the joining
1. Compounding of two or more words
into a single word. Examples, breakfast, high school.

• New compounds often have a hyphen


come-back

• Eventually, the hyphen is dropped, except


when two vowels come together

multi-ethnic
take-off

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2. Derivation is forming of new words by
2.combining
Derivation (Affixation)
derivational affixes or bound
a prefix, infix or suffix is added to the stem.
affixes with existing words .. disadvise, re-
ask.
Prefix e.g. unhappy

Suffix e.g.
happiness

4
2. Derivation
(a.) Prefixes

re- inter- bi-

pro- un- tri-

pre- tele- co-

post- non- ex-

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2. Derivation (b.) English
Suffixes

-er -hood -en

-ion -ish -ify

-ise, -ize -less -ly

-ing -ling -ment

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3. Invention:3. new words are totally
Invention
invented.
the invention of new words, a rare.

Kodak
blurb goof Hoover

thermos Aspirin

Kleenex
Zipper

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4. Echoism
4. Echoism: is the formation of words
whose sounds suggest their meanings,
e.g. hiss
moan
click
murmur
quack
thunder
whisper
lisp

8
Exercise 10-1 Indicate by the first letter the process
of formation represented by each of the words
below.
Compounding Invention
C
Derivation Echoism
D 1. roughneck
E 2. codgerhood
I 3. clink (of glasses)
I 4. doodad
5. dacron
E
C 6. pop
E 7. cream puff
D 8. wheeze
D 9. weirdoism
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5. Clipping
5. Clipping is cutting off the beginning or
the end of a word, or both, leaving a
the process of reducing a word of more than
part
one to standtofor
syllable the whole.
a shorter form); often in
casual speech
cellular → cell gasoline → gas
laboratory → lab advertisement → ad
fanatic → fan influenza → flu
facsimile → fax examination → exam
hamburger → burger

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Exercise 10-2: Give the original words from
which these clipped words were formed:

advertisement 1. ad curiosity 9. curio


discothèque 2. disco memorandum 10. memo
taxicab 3. taxi Frederick 11. Fred
cabriolet 4. cab Albert, 12. Al
delicatessen 5. deli Alfred,
vibrations 6. vibes Alvin
zoological 7. zoo Thomas 13. Tom
(gardens) Joseph 14. Joe
fanatic 8. fan Philip, Philbert 15. Phil
hypodermic 16. hype

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Exercise 10-4:
Give the originals of these clipped words

1. Amerindian American Indian


2. maître d’ maitre d’hotel
3. contrail condensation trail
4. taxicab taximeter cab(riolet)
5. moped motor + pedal

6. comsat communication satellite


7. agribusiness agriculture business

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