Scribd
Upload
1K views

Unit 6 Summary: Physics Grade 9

This document provides a summary of the 9th grade physics unit on fluid statics and air pressure. It defines key terms like pressure and atmospheric pressure. It explains that pressure is caused by the weight of air above the earth's surface and decreases with increased altitude. Common instruments for measuring air pressure like mercury barometers and aneroid barometers are also described. The document outlines several practical applications of air pressure concepts and defines fluid density and relative density. It introduces the relationship that pressure in fluids increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above.

Uploaded by

Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views

Unit 6 Summary: Physics Grade 9

This document provides a summary of the 9th grade physics unit on fluid statics and air pressure. It defines key terms like pressure and atmospheric pressure. It explains that pressure is caused by the weight of air above the earth's surface and decreases with increased altitude. Common instruments for measuring air pressure like mercury barometers and aneroid barometers are also described. The document outlines several practical applications of air pressure concepts and defines fluid density and relative density. It introduces the relationship that pressure in fluids increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above.

Uploaded by

Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

PHYSICS GRADE 9

UNIT 6 SUMMARY

FLUID STATICS ( THE THIRD LESSON)


6.1. AIR PRESSURE

By :ADDIS ABABA EDUCATION BUREAU


MAY 2002
By the end of this section you should able
to :-
 Define the term pressure and use the definition
to solve related problem
 Describe atmospheric pressure and explain its
variation with altitude
 Explain how to measure atmospheric pressure
and show that 760mmHg is equal to one
atmosphere
pressure is defined as the amount of force per unit area.
Pressure is equal to force per unit area.
Pressure = Force / area
P = F/A
The Si unit of pressure is Pascal (Pa).
1Pa = 1 N/m2
.
 The larger the force acts on small area it creates a greater pressure.
Example :- A boy weighs 500N and the soles of his feet have an area
of 0.05m2 . Determine the pressure he exerts when he stand
a. on both feet
b. On one feet
Given A= 0.05 x 2 when he stand in both feet
A = 0.025 m2
solution:- P = F/A
P = 500N / 0.025 m2
p = 20,000Pa = 20kpa
b. when he stand on one feet
A= 0.05 m2 .
P= F/A
P= 500N/ 0.05 m2
P= 10,000Pa =10kPa.
Example 2:- A block rest on the desk. It covers measures 20cm by 25cm . It
exert a pressure of 100 Pa . Determine the mass of the block.
A= 0.2 x 0.25 = 0.05 m2
Then P= F/A
F= PA
F= 100Pa x 0.05 m2
F= 5N But F= mg
m=F/g
m= 5Pa/10m/s2
m= 0.5kg
What cause air pressure ?

 Air has a mass, which means it has weight.


One cubic meter of air has a mass of 1 kg .
1 m3 = 1kg and a weight of 10 N
 Air are traveling in different direction and some travel faster than other.
When air particles near a surface some will be bounce into it and so exert a
force on the surface .It is this force that gives rise to a pressure.
Atmospheric pressure.
 The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds the earth .
 There is a kind of equilibrium between pressure in our body and
surrounding atmosphere. If you went somewhere where the pressure was
much greater than atmospheric pressure our bodies would crushed. And if
you went somewhere where the pressure was very low ( e.g in to space with
out pressurized space unit ) the pressure inside our bodies would pushed out
ward with some very nasty effects.
How big atmospheric pressure?
The weight of the column of air above 1 m2 at ground level is around
101000Pa. This means atmospheric pressure at ground level is 101kPa.
1atm = 101kPa
What effect does altitude have on atmospheric?
The heating effect from the sun cause small changes in pressure due to
uneven heating of the earth surface. This lead to high or low pressure
weather system.
 The height above the sea level ,or altitude also has a significant effect
on atmospheric pressure .
 As altitude increase the atmospheric pressure decrease. Pressure varies
with altitude
Measuring atmospheric pressure.

 There are several instrument used to measure


atmospheric pressure. The most common is a barometer.
 A mercury barometer is long and inconvenient heavy ,
and contains a liquid that is hazardous and easily spilt.
Therefore, an aneroid barometer is commonly used
( aneroid means with out liquid). It is compact and
portable construction of an aneroid barometer.
simple barometer
Why 760mmHg?
 Pressure is often express in the unit of mmHg. If the atmospheric
pressure is equal to 1atm , then the height of the column of mercury is
barometer is 760mm.
 Let a column of mercury 760mm tall and with radius of 5mm.
The exert force equal to its weight.
w = mg , we can determine the mass of the column from its density and
volume .
Ƿ = m/v = m/v
m= Ƿ = m/vV and V=π r2h , h is the height of cylinder and Ƿ = m/v is density
of the fluid
V= π x( 0.005)2 x 0.76 m
V= 5.9 x 10 -5
Since the density of mercury is 13570 kg/m3
m= 13570kg / m3 x 5.9 x 10-5 m3
m= 0.81kg
therefore the weight of column can be
w = 0.81kg x 9.81 m/s
= 7.9 N
The weight must equal to the force due to the pressure on the bottom of the column.
P = F/A , A = πr2 Area of the column of the mercury
P= 7.9N/π (0.005m)3
P = 101000Pa
P= 101kPa
Mercury is quite toxic and needs to be handled very carefully. Why not use water ? This
because water has a much lower density than mercury around 1000kg/ m3 vs 13600kg/
m3
Some use of air pressure
There are several uses of air pressure. Mostly rely on creating a pressure difference by
pumping the air into or out to a chamber.
Air pressure used for :-
a. For a suction pad is around rubber pad ,flat on one side . Wet in side and press the
pad against a windows or smooth wall, pushing out all the air from under it.
b. used for lifting pump (common pump):- is often used to rise water from the well.
c. Used for a force pump :- can pump water to greater height –
can force water hundreds meter high
d. Used for Bicycle pump
e. used for siphon:- is convenient way of removing liquid from
a container such as a petrol tank.
6.2 Fluid pressure.
 Fluid include all gases as well as liquid.
 Another characteristics is that they can change their shape.
This means they always take the shape of container they are
put in.
 They are still some very important difference between liquid
and gas
Fluid density

The density of any fluid calculated as :-


The ratio of mass to volume
Density (ƿ) = mass (m) / Volume (V)) = mass (m) / Volume (V)
ƿ) = mass (m) / Volume (V) = m/V
 As particles are closer together in a liquid
higher density than gas.
Table below shows some typical density of the
fluid
What is relative density?

•
 The relative density is used to compare density between two fluids.
The relative density of substance is the ratio of its density to
density of substance.
 Relative density = density of substance(ƿ) = mass (m) / Volume (V)s)
density of water(ƿ) = mass (m) / Volume (V)w)
Example :- What the relative density of alcohol ?
Given ƿ) = mass (m) / Volume (V)A = 800kg/m3
ƿ) = mass (m) / Volume (V)w = 1000kg/m3
Solution ƿ) = mass (m) / Volume (V)R=ƿ) = mass (m) / Volume (V)A/ƿ) = mass (m) / Volume (V)w
= 800kg/m3/ 1000kg/m3
= 0.8 From this relative density has no unit
If we are comparing two identical volume of fluid then the relative
density can be clalculated as :-
The ratio of the mass of the same volumes of fluid.
Relative density = mass of the substance
Mass of equal volume of water
Pressure in fluid
 The key point we should have to consider about pressure in fluids
are:-
 Pressure increase with depth
 At any given depth the pressure are increase with depth. The taller
the column of the fluid above you the greater the pressure it exert.
Let us see the effect of depth on pressure.
We know that pressure in fluid is given by :-
P=ρgh ,therefore the pressure caused by the weieght of the gh ,therefore the pressure caused by the weieght of the
water in the tank pressing down to the bottom .
Volume of water = hxA , h is height and A is the area and
Mass of water = ρgh ,therefore the pressure caused by the weieght of the x V, but V= h x A
= ρgh ,therefore the pressure caused by the weieght of the x h x A
Therefore, P= w/A
= mg/ A
= ρgh ,therefore the pressure caused by the weieght of the x h x A x g/A
= ρgh ,therefore the pressure caused by the weieght of the x h x g
= ρhghg
The equation shows that the pressure increase with depth(h).
Example :-Calculate the pressure exerted by the water at the bottom of a
swimming pool deep.
Given :- ρgh ,therefore the pressure caused by the weieght of the w=1000kg/m3
g= 10m/s2
h = 6m
Required P = ?
P = ρgh ,therefore the pressure caused by the weieght of the hg
P = 1000kg/m3 x 10m/s2 x 6m
p= 60,000Pa
Example 2 :- calculate the force this pressure would exert on a concrete
block and area of 3m2
Given p= 60,000Pa , A = 3m2 Required F= ?
F= PA = 60,00Pa x 3m2
= 180kN

You might also like