Content

Table of Contents
Unit 1: Review of Concepts
Unit 2: Obligation and Necessity
Unit 3: Conditions and Results in Present
Unit 4: Past Actions with Regular Verbs
Unit 5: Review Unit
Unit 6: Actions in Progress in the Past
Unit 7: Possessive Pronouns
Unit 8: Recommendations
Unit 9: Opinions
Unit 10: Review Unit

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 Welcome

Welcome to Level 3
We believe that you learn more when you know how The goals for the first half of the course are to
to study. understand and use:
• Facts and habits:
Sam works from Monday to Friday.
• Past actions with irregular verbs:
He went to a concert last weekend.
• Obligation and necessity:
I have to pay the phone bill.
• The cause and effect conditional:
When we have time, we go to the movies.
• Past actions with regular verbs:
The kids played soccer yesterday.

This digital book and the audio files are for homework.
It’s important that you do your homework regularly The goals for the second half of the course are to
and that you’re ready to start your class on time. understand and use:
• Actions in progress in the past:
We use the following grades to evaluate your oral I was sleeping when you called.
progress: • Possessive pronouns:
10 (very good) That’s not John’s book. It’s mine.
9 (good) • Recommendations:
7 (minimum) You shouldn’t smoke.
5 (not passing) • Opinions:
Henry thinks Carol is beautiful.
During the course your teacher gives you suggestions
to help you improve your level of English. We talk to
you individually about your oral grade during or after It’s important to use these structures with good
the final review unit. grammar and fluency, and another goal is to learn
vocabulary.

If you have questions, problems, or recommendations,

you can ask your teacher or course coordinator.

There is an online exam at the end of the course;

you will receive instructions about the exam by
email. To pass the course you need to get at least 70
points on the exam and at least a 7 for an oral grade.

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REVIEW OF CONCEPTS Unit 1

UNIT GOALS
In this unit we will review:
y Facts and Habits
Paula lives in Miami.
She works from Monday to Friday.
y Past Actions
She went to the movies last weekend.
y and vocabulary.
 Unit 1

KEYWORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

(to) work – funcionar, servir (to) be careful – tener cuidado, ser cuidadoso/a
(to) put it/them back – regresarlo/a, regresarlos/las (to) have a temper – tener mal genio
(to) happen – pasar, suceder without – sin
(to) be in trouble – tener un problema, estar en problemas glue – pegamento

Big Trouble
Michael: Hey, Douglas. What’s going on?
Douglas: Oh, man, I’m in big trouble.
Michael: What’s the matter?
Douglas: I think I broke my dad’s old camera.
Michael: How did you do that?
Douglas: I put it on the table, and I wasn’t careful. lt fell, and now it
doesn’t work.
Michael: Well, accidents happen. Just tell your dad about it.
Douglas: But you don’t understand. I took it without his permission.
Michael: Wow, you really are in trouble.
Douglas: What am I going to do? My dad’s going to kill me!
Michael: Well, I still think you need to tell him.
Douglas: No way! You don’t know him; he has a really bad temper.
Michael: Well, maybe we can fix it.
Douglas: Can you take a look at it?
Michael: Let’s see... Hmm, the case is broken and the battery isn’t in the
correct place. Do you have any glue?
Douglas: Let me look... Yeah, here’s some.
Michael: Okay, let me put some glue here, and replace the battery... There
you go! lt’s working again!
Douglas: Great. Now, let me put it back in his closet... There! l’m a genius!
Michael: Hey, genius, you still have one problem.
Douglas: What’s that?
Michael: Your dad is going to know you took his camera when he sees the pictures that you took.
Douglas: Oh, no!

5
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. What problem does Douglas have?

2. How did he break his father’s camera?

3. Why doesn’t he tell his father about the camera?

4. How does Michael fix the camera?

5. What problem does Douglas still have?

CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE REMINDER 1: Facts and Habits

We use simple present to talk about facts and habits.

Douglas live in San Diego? Yes, he in San Diego.

Does he French? No, he speak French.
language does he speak? He English.

CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE REMINDER 2: Past Actions

We use simple past to talk about completed actions at a definite time in the past:

Douglas break the camera? Yes, he the camera.

Did he a new camera? No, he buy a new camera.
What did he ? He the camera back in the closet.

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 Unit 1

PRACTICE 1: Dracula
Read the article. Then complete the text with words or phrases from the box. Follow the example.

are visiting can visit happy know

attract many going to build have an last year
next April mean and cruel includes a wrote

We all know Dracula, the legendary vampire. Bram Stoker

a famous book about him in 1897. But in Romania,
Dracula is a historical figure. His real name was Vlad Tepes, and he was a
prince of Transylvania in Romania.

Dracula’s house was in Sighisoara. In this city you

the Vlad Dracul house, and start an eight-day tour that
Dracula dance and medieval food. Also, in the future, the city is a Dracula theme park, a
kind of “Disneyland” for vampire fans. It is going to visitors from all over the world.

A new Dracula film is in production right now. Kim Nelson and Charles Glades are the stars in the new movie. The
film is about the real Vlad Dracul and it’ s going to be in movie theaters all over the country .

PRACTICE 2: My Town
Listen to the audio file and then fill in the blanks with the missing information. Follow the example.

In the past, my town was small and there weren’t a lot of people. I knew almost everyone in the town.
My friends and I went in the summer because there
was a lake there. We and had fun.

Now, my town is much bigger than it was in the past.

many new people here and I don’t know many of
them. I take to the park sometimes, but they
in the lake because it’s very dirty.

In the future I think my town bigger and bigger. Many people are going to move here and
we many parks or green areas for people anymore.

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PRACTICE 3: Weekend Plans
Read the dialog and fill in the blanks with logical words or phrases.

A: Are we going to this weekend?

B: We always on weekends.
Why don’t we ?
A: We last weekend.
B: That’s true. Hey, I know: let’s .
A: That’s a great idea!

VOCABULARY REVIEW
Read the text. Then fill in the blanks with a vocabulary word or expression from this unit. Follow the
example.

My husband has a special ability to fix things; whenever something

happens with something in our house, he immediately knows
how to fix it. He never has with mechanical things,
and he can usually fix things special tools; one time,
he fixed a broken lamp, and he only had to use a little !
He never has a bad , and he never gets angry or
impatient; that’s why he is always and patient when he
repairs things. No matter what the problem is, the object always
after my husband is finished with it.

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

How well can you understand and use the following? Very Not
Well
Well Well

• facts and habits in present

• past actions
• future actions
• object pronouns
What are you going to do to understand and use them better?


What can your teachers do to help you?

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 Unit 1

ANSWER KEY PRACTICE 3: Weekend Plans

Example of a correct answer:
PRACTICE 1: Dracula A:
We all know Dracula, the legendary vampire. Bram Are we going to go out to dinner this weekend?
Stoker wrote a famous book about him in 1897. But in B:
Romania, Dracula is a historical figure. His real name We always go out to dinner on weekends. Why don’t we
was Vlad Tepes; and he was a mean and cruel prince of see a movie?
Transylvania in Romania. A:
We saw a movie last weekend.
Dracula’s house was in Sighisoara. In this city you can B:
visit the Vlad Dracul house, and start an eight-day tour That’s true. Hey, I know: let’s go to the theater!
that includes a Dracula dance and medieval food. Also, A:
in the future, the city is going to build a Dracula theme That’s a great idea!
park, a kind of “Disneyland” for vampire fans. It is
going to attract many visitors from all over the world.

A new Dracula film is in production right now. Kim VOCABULARY REVIEW

Nelson and Charles Glades are the stars in the new My husband has a special ability to fix things;
movie. Toe film is about the real Vlad Dracul and it’s whenever something happens with something in
going to be in movie theaters all over the country next our house, he immediately knows how to fix it. He
April. never has trouble with mechanical things, and he can
usually fix things without special tools; one time, he
fixed a broken lamp, and he only had to use a little
glue! He never has a bad temper, and he never gets
PRACTICE 2: My Town angry or impatient; that’s why he is always careful and
Audio script: patient when he repairs things. No matter what the
In the past, my town was small and there weren’t a lot problem is, the object always works after my husband
of people. I knew almost everyone in the town. My is finished with it.
friends and I went to the park in the summer because
there was a lake there. We swam and had fun.

Now, my town is much bigger than it was in the

past. There are many new people here and I don’t
know many of them. I take my children to the park
sometimes, but they can‘t swim in the lake because it’s
very dirty.

In the future I think my town is going to get bigger

and bigger. Many people are going to move here and
we aren‘t going to have many parks or green areas for
people anymore.

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OBLIGATION AND NECESSITY Unit 2

UNIT GOALS
In this unit we will examine:
y Obligation and Necessity
I don’t have to get up early in the morning.
The kids have to go to soccer practice
tomorrow.
My husband had to work late yesterday.
y and vocabulary.
 Unit 2

KEYWORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

(to) wait for – esperar (por) a delay – un retraso

(to) design – diseñar before – antes (de)
(to) hire – contratar I’m afraid – Me temo que …
(to) delay – retrasar What’s on your mind? – ¿Qué
(to) agree – estar de acuerdo te preocupa?

Program Problems
Les and Paul work at a company that produces computer programs.
Les: Hey, Paul, do you have a minute? I have to talk to you.
Paul: Sure. What’s on your mind?
Les: I’m afraid we have a few problems with 3D Calc.
Paul: Uh, oh, that’s our most important program for the Christmas season. We have to finish it before December.
Les: I know, but there are a few problems with the programming team.
Paul: What kind of problems?
Les: Well, Dale says he can’t continue with the interface design, because he has to wait for Kayla.
Paul: Why does he have to wait for Kayla?
Les: Well, Kayla has to design the graphics for each screen. Dale has to have all the graphics before he can
continue.
Paul: Hmm, this is serious. Do we have to hire more programmers?
Les: No, I think we have to find an assistant artist to help Kayla.
Paul: Do we have anybody we can use?
Les: I think so. Rick also does graphics work, so he doesn’t have to learn how to use the graphics software. He
had to finish another project, but now he can start work on 3D Calc. That way, we don’t have to delay the
production of the program.
Paul: That sounds good. Of course, I have to talk to Mr. Pitt, but I’m sure he’s going to agree.
Les: Great. Thanks a lot, Paul.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. Why can’t Dale continue with the interface design?

2. Why does he have to wait for Kayla?

3. What do they have to do to resolve the problem?

4. Does Rick have to learn how to use the graphics software?

5. What did Rick have to do?

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 CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE 1: Obligations and Necessities
We use have to to express obligations or necessities in present or future.

Does Paul have to talk to Mr. Pitt? Yes, he has to talk to him.
AUX + SUB + EXP IN + VSF (+) SUB + EXP IN + VSF
SIMPLE FORM PRESENT

Does Rick have to learn how to use the software? No, he doesn’t have to learn how to use it.
(-) SUB + AUX (-) + EXP IN + VSF
SIMPLE FORM

What does he have to do? He has to help Kayla.

QW + AUX + SUB + EXP IN + VSF
SIMPLE FORM

PRACTICE 1: Mystery Shopper

Fill in the blanks with a word or phrase from the box. Follow the example.

are you ready doesn’t want we use

can buy don’t have we’re going to give
do I have to pay I love you have to go

Ms. Albright: Alright, Ms. Simms. Are you ready for your first day at
work?
Ms. Simms: Yes, but I want to know what I have to do exactly.
Ms. Albright: Well, it’s very easy. to different departments in the store and buy things. It’s
important for us to see how our sales people treat our customers. You almost
anything you want.
Ms. Simms: for everything I buy?
Ms. Albright: Yes, but you to use your money. you a special credit card
you can use to buy things.
Ms. Simms: OK.
Ms. Albright: At the end of the day, bring the things you bought to me. Then, you have to write up a report on
the sales people that helped you. the information in your report to decide
who needs more training and who doesn’t.
Ms. Simms: Well, it sounds easy and fun, and to go shopping.
Ms. Albright: Here’s your credit card. Be back here by 4:00.
Ms. Simms: Thanks.

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 Unit 2

PRACTICE 2: Let’s Play Basketball

Read the sentences below. Then listen to the dialog on the audio file and answer true or false. Follow the
example.

Example: True False

Jeremy wants to play basketball with Craig.
1. Craig has to wash the dishes.
2. Craig is going to visit his grandparents.
3. He has to do his homework today.
4. Tomorrow he can play basketball all day.

CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE 2: Obligations and Necessities in the Past

We use had to to express obligations or necessities in the past.

Did Rick have to finish another project? Yes, he had to finish it.
AUX + SUB + EXP IN + VSF (+) SUB + EXP IN + VSF
SIMPLE FORM PAST

Did they have to delay the program? No, they didn’t have to delay the program.
(-) SUB + AUX (-) + EXP IN + VSF
SIMPLE FORM

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PRACTICE 3: A Sick Child
Read the dialog. Then complete it with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Follow the example.

Sarah: You look awful, Meg. What happened?

Meg: I didn’t get (get, neg.) much sleep last night. The baby (be) sick and I
(stay, necessity) up with him most of the night.
Sarah: What’s the matter with him?
Meg: He (have) a cold, and last night he had a fever.
Sarah: you (take, necessity) him to the hospital?
Meg: Fortunately, no. The temperature (be, neg.) that
bad, but he was very uncomfortable and he didn’t sleep.
Sarah: And how is he this moming?
Meg: He’s a little better, but he still has a fever. I (take)
him to the doctor later today. I have an appointment for 11:00,
but I want to ask you for a favor. you
(watch, opportunity) the other two kids while l’m at the doctor’s office?
Sarah: Sure, no problem.
Meg: Thanks a lot.

PRACTICE 4: What was their job?

Listen to the people on the audio file and match the person to the job he or she had in the past. Follow the
example.

secretary
She had to write memos.

Now, write something that the person had to do.

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 Unit 2

PRACTICE 5: Obligations

Read the dialog and fill in the blanks with logical words or phrases.

A: Hello?
B: Hi, , this is .
Do you want to with me tomorrow?
A: Sorry, I have to tomorrow. Can we do it ?
B: isn’t good for me.
My has to , and I have to help .
How about ?
A: sounds good. See you then.

VOCABULARY REVIEW
Read the text. Then fill in the blanks with a vocabulary word or expression from this unit or previous units.
Follow the example.

Dave: Can I talk to you, Sam?

Sam: Sure. What’s on your mind ?
Dave: I’m a we have a problem with the new two-door Elite.
Sam: Oh? What kind of problem?
Dave: Leo, our chief engineer, is d a new engine for the car. Unfortunately, he went on vacation last
week, and it wasn’t possible for him to finish it b he left. We have to w f
him to return to work on the car.
Sam: Hmm. Is that going to cause a d ?
Dave: Yes, it is.
Sam: Well, that’s a real problem.
Dave: Ia . However, I have an engineer in my office right now for an interview. If we h him,
I think he can finish the engine.
Sam: That sounds good. Do it.

15
 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS
Complete the sentences with the structures you saw in this unit.
When it’s necessary to do something, we use
When it’s not necessary to do something, we use
We can use have to for present and
For obligations in past, we use
Write three sentences or questions with have to in present.



Write three sentences or questions with have to in past.



Write three sentences or questions with have to for future.

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 Unit 2

ANSWER KEY homework for tomorrow.

Craig:
It’s not for tomorrow. It’s for next Monday.
PRACTICE 1: The Mystery Shopper Jeremy:
Ms. Albright: Then why are you doing it today? You still have time to
Alright, Ms. Simms. Are you ready for your first day at do it tomorrow or you can do it on the weekend.
work? Craig:
Ms. Simms: Well, this weekend, we’re going to visit my
Yes, but I want to know what I have to do exactly. grandparents. It’s their anniversary. The whole family is
Ms. Albright: going to be there.
Well, it’s very easy. You have to go to different Jeremy:
departments in the store and buy things. lt’s I see, so you have to do the homework before you
important for us to see how our sales people treat our leave.
customers. You can buy almost anything you want. Craig:
Ms. Simms: That’s right.
Do I have to pay for everything l buy? Jeremy:
Ms. Albright: Do you think you can play basketball with us tomorrow
Yes, but you don’t have to use your money. We’re going after school?
to give you a special credit card you can use to buy Craig:
things. Maybe. We’re going to leave early Saturday morning
Ms. Simms: and the only thing I have to do tomorrow is pack my
OK. clothes for the weekend.
Ms. Albright: Jeremy:
At the end of the day, bring the things you bought to Great. See you tomorrow.
me. Then, you have to write up a report on the sales
people that helped you. We use the information in 1. F
your report to decide who needs more training and 2. T
who doesn’t. 3. T
Ms. Simms: 4. F
Well, it sounds easy and fun, and I love to go shopping.
Ms. Albright:
Here’s your credit card. Be back here by 4:00.
Ms. Simms: PRACTICE 3: A Sick Child
Thanks.
Sarah:
You look awful, Meg. What happened?
Meg:
I didn’t get much sleep last night. The baby was sick and
PRACTICE 2: Let’s Play Basketball I had to stay up with him most of the night.
Sarah:
Audioscript What’s the matter with him?
Jeremy: Meg:
Hi, Craig. He has a cold, and last night he had a fever.
Craig: Sarah:
Hey, Jeremy, what’s up? Did you have to take him to the hospital?
Jeremy: Meg:
Hey, let’s go play basketball. Fortunately, no. The temperature wasn’t that bad, but
Craig: he was very uncomfortable and he didn’t sleep.
I can’t. I have to finish my homework and then I have to Sarah:
help my dad clean the garage. And how is he this morning?
Jeremy: Meg:
What homework? The teacher didn’t give us any He’s a little better, but he still has a fever. I’m going
to take him to the doctor later today. I have an

17
appointment for 11:00, but I want to ask you for a was the best for their needs. I didn’t have to know a lot
favor. Can you watch the other two kids while I’m at the about computers, but I had to know basic information
doctor’s office? about our products.
Sarah:
Sure, no problem.
Meg:
Thanks a lot. PRACTICE 5: Obligations
Example of a correct answer:
A:
Hello?
PRACTICE 4: What was their job? B:
Examples of a correct answer: Hi, Jorge, this is Hector. Do you want to go to the movies
Mark was a waiter. with me tomorrow?
He had to get people their food. A:
Dave was an architect. Sorry, I have to go to the dentist tomorrow. Can we do it
He had to supervise all the workers. Friday?
Katie was a bus driver. B:
She had to drive a lot every day. Friday isn’t good for me. My father has to work on the
Al was a salesman. car, and I have to help him. How about Saturday?
He had to work on weekends. A:
Saturday sounds good. See you then.
Audioscript
Sandra:
Hi. My name is Sandra. In my last job I had to do many
things. I had to write memos, send faxes and answer VOCABULARY REVIEW
the phones. I didn’t have to work on the weekends, but Dave:
I had to do many things every day. Can I talk to you, Sam?
Mark: Sam:
l’m Mark. In my last job I was always very busy. I had Sure. What’s on your mind?
to work on Friday nights, Saturday nights, and all day Dave:
Sunday. I had to be very nice to the people who carne I’m afraid we have a problem with the new two-door
into the restaurant and I had to get them their food Elite.
fast. I didn’t have to prepare the food, but I had to serve Sam:
it fast. Oh? What kind of problem?
Dave: Dave:
My name is Dave. In my last job I made a lot of money. Leo, our chief engineer, is designing a new engine for
I had to work from Monday to Friday, and I didn’t the car. Unfortunately, he went on vacation last week,
have to work on the weekends. I had to work in very and it wasn’t possible for him to finish it before he left.
large buildings that were under construction. I had to We have to wait for him to retum to work on the car.
supervise all the workers at the building. It was a lot of Sam:
responsibility, but it was a great job. Hmm. Is that going to cause a delay?
Katie: Dave:
Hi, I’m Katie. In my last job I had to drive a lot. I had Yes, it is.
to travel a specific route every day and take the Sam:
passengers to their destinations. I didn’t have to work Well, that’ s a real problem.
every weekend, but I had to work on Saturdays and Dave:
Sundays twice a month. I had to drive very carefully, so I agree. However, I have an engineer in my office right
that I didn’t have an accident. now for an interview. If we hire him, I think he can finish
Al: the design of the engine.
Hi, I’m Al. In my last job I had to work on weekends Sam:
and at night. I had to help people decide what system That sounds good. Do it.

18
Unit 2

19
CONDITIONS AND RESULTS Unit 3
IN PRESENT
UNIT GOALS
In this unit we will examine:
y the Cause and Effect Conditional
Do you watch TV when you have free time?
No, I don’t watch TV when I have free time.
What do you do if you have free time?
If I have free time, I do exercise.
y and vocabulary.
 Unit 3

KEYWORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

(to) approach – acercarse a outgoing – extrovertido/a

(to) make friends – hacer amigos stranger – una persona desconocida
(to) give up – rendirse (not) at all – para nada

The First Day of School

Mr. Graham: Hi, honey. How was your first day of school?
Virginia: It was awful, Dad! I hate it here! I don’t have any friends at all!
Mr. Graham: Well, you have to be patient. When you start school in a new
place, it’s usually difficult at the beginning.
Virginia: But the kids here are horrible. When we’re not in class, they
just ignore me.
Mr. Graham: Well, that doesn’t mean they’re horrible. It’s difficult to
approach someone when you don’t know them well.
Virginia: But they don’t even try! When we have our lunch period, all
the girls in my class sit together, and they never invite me.
Mr. Graham: Well, what are you doing to make friends?
Virginia: What do you mean?
Mr. Graham: If you want to make friends, you have to be more outgoing.
Virginia: But I don’t know anybody here! I can’t just approach people if I don’t know them.
Mr. Graham: What do you do when you go to a party? If you can talk to strangers at a party, you can talk to
them here.
Virginia: You don’t understand, Dad; they just don’t like me.
Mr. Graham: I don’t think that’s true. The problem is that when something is difficult for you, you get frustrated
and give up. If you want to make friends, you have to give people a chance to know you.
Virginia: Well, maybe you’re right. Thanks, Dad.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. What happens when Virginia is not in class?

2. Do the other girls sit with her when they have their lunch period?

3. Does she talk to strangers when she goes to a party?

4. What does she do when something is difficult for her?

5. What does she have to do if she wants to make friends?

21
 CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE 1: Cause and Effect
We use the CAUSE AND EFFECT CONDITIONAL to express things that are universally true or things that
are true for a specific person.

CONDITION RESULT
When she isn’t in class, they ignore her.
WHEN/IF + SUB + SIMPLE PRESENT SUB + SIMPLE PRESENT

RESULT CONDITION
It’s difficult to approach someone if you don’t know them.
SUB + SIMPLE PRESENT WHEN/IF + SUB + SIMPLE PRESENT

PRACTICE 1: Getting Ready for a Family Visit

Read the dialog. Then complete the dialog with words and phrases from the box. Follow the example.

always have to have to you play they think you when they
are you if you like to we know that when you eat
before we when we you were

Mrs. Crowley: Tommy, are you ready to go?

Tommy: Mom, do we have to go to Grandma and Grandpa’s house?
Mrs. Crowley: Well, yes. When was the last time you were there? Two months ago?
Tommy: I know, but we be so polite and formal. Why can’t we eat pizza with our hands?
Who eats pizza with fork and knife anyway?
Mrs. Crowley: Your grandparents had a different education. When you eat with your hands,
don’t have good manners.
Tommy: And another thing. finish dinner, we always have to stay at the table. Why’s that?
Mrs. Crowley: Grandma and Grandpa talk some more after dinner. Listen, it’s getting late.
Can we continue this conversation in the car?
Tommy: All right. Let’s go. But can I play with Otto when we arrive?
Mrs. Crowley: I’m sorry, honey. When with the dog, you
always get dirty.
Tommy: Oh, Mom, why don’t Grandma and Grandpa come to our
house? I feel much more comfortable
come here.
Mrs. Crowley: Hey, that’s a good idea, Tommy. We can invite them to come
to our house next time, and then we can eat hamburgers.
Tommy: With our hands?
Mrs. Crowley: Absolutely.

22
 Unit 3

CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE 2: Cause and Effect

RESULT CONDITION
What does she do when she goes to a party? She talks to people when she goes to a party.
QW + AUX + SUB + VSF + CONDITION SIMPLE PRESENT

PRACTICE 2: My Brother and Me

Listen to the audio file and complete each sentence about the correct brother. Follow the example.

Ex. Dan dances a lot.

1. has no problems with math.
2. is out-going.
3. makes friends easily.
4. has to study math a lot.
5. doesn’t like to talk to new people.

PRACTICE 3: What do you do when you get angry?

First read the phrases below. Next, listen to the audio file and then write the phrases next to the correct
person. Then, listen to the audio again and check your answers.

The husband ... The wife ...

Is very quiet when angry

23
PRACTICE 4: What’s the matter?
Read the dialog and fill in the blanks with logical words or phrases.

A: What’s the matter?

B: .
What do you do when .
A: When .
I .
B: That’s a good idea. Thanks.

IN-CLASS ACTIVITY: LISTENING

24
 Unit 3

VOCABULARY REVIEW
Match the vocabulary word on the left with its definition on the right. Write the letter of the best answer in
the box. Follow the example.
Example: b to work a) friendly, extroverted
1. outgoing b) to function correctly
2. stranger c) to have the same opinion
3. to approach d) to occur
4. to agree e) a person you don’t know
5. to hire f ) to give a job to
6. to happen g) to get close to

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Write three new words that you can use.

Write three new sentences or questions.



When do we use the cause and effect conditional?

25
ANSWER KEY PRACTICE 2: My Brother and Me
PRACTICE 1: Getting Ready for a Family Audio script:
Visit My brother Dan and I are very different. When we go to
a party, he usually dances a lot and meets many new
Mrs. Crowley:
people. He’s very out-going and he makes friends easily.
Tommy, are you ready to go?
When I go to a party, I usually talk to my friends, but I
Tommy:
don’t like to dance. When Dan meets someone new, he
Mom, do we have to go to Grandma and Grandpa’s
has no problem talking to him or her. If I meet someone
house?
new, I never know what to say. Dan is very sociable, but
Mrs. Crowley:
I’m just the opposite.
Well, yes. When was the last time you were there? Two
months ago?
In school, though, I do better than Dan. When the
Tommy:
teachers give us homework, I always do it immediately
I know, but we always have to be so polite and formal.
and I almost never make mistakes. Dan has a hard time
Why can’t we eat pizza with our hands? Who eats pizza
in school, especially in math class. If he doesn’t study
with a fork and knife anyway?
very hard, he doesn’t understand. For me, math is very
Mrs. Crowley:
easy and I never have problems with it.
Your grandparents had a different education. When you
eat with your hands, they think you don’t have good
Dan dances a lot.
manners.
Kevin has no problems with math.
Tommy:
Dan is out-going.
And another thing. When we finish dinner, we always
Dan makes friends easily.
have to stay at the table. Why’s that?
Dan has to study math a lot.
Mrs. Crowley:
Kevin doesn’t like to talk to new people.
Grandma and Grandpa like to talk some more after
dinner. Listen, it’s getting late. Can we continue this
conversation in the car?
Tommy:
All right. Let’s go. But can I play with Otto when we PRACTICE 3: What Do You Do When
arrive? You’re Angry?
Mrs. Crowley: He is very quiet when he’s angry.
I’m sorry, honey. When you play with the dog, you She doesn’t remember an hour or two later.
always get dirty. He doesn’t talk for 2-3 days.
Tommy: She shouts.
Oh Mom, why don’t Grandma and Grandpa come to He never forgets.
our house? I feel much more comfortable when they She sometimes throws things.
come here. She doesn’t get angry easily.
Mrs. Crowley:
Hey, that’s a good idea, Tommy. We can invite them Audio script:
to come to our house next time, and then we can eat My husband and I are very different. When my husband
hamburgers. gets angry, he’s usually very quiet. He sometimes
Tommy: doesn’t talk to me for two or three days if he’s really
With our hands? angry. Also, when he gets angry about something, he
Mrs. Crowley: has a very long memory. He never forgets why he got
Absolutely. angry.

When I get angry, I usually shout at the person I’m

angry at. Sometimes, if l’m really angry, I throw things,
but I never throw things at people. I usually throw
things at a wall or on the floor. I don’t get angry very

26
 Unit 3

easily and I usually don’t remember why I got angry an

hour or two later.

PRACTICE 4: What’s the matter?

Example of a correct answer:
A:
What’s the matter?
B:
I have a headache. What do you do when you have a
headache?
A:
When I have a headache, I take aspirin.
B:
That’s a good idea. Thanks.

VOCABULARY REVIEW
1. a
2. e
3. g
4. c
5. f
6. d

27
PAST ACTIONS WITH Unit 4
REGULAR VERBS
UNIT GOALS
In this unit we will examine:
y Past Actions with Regular Verbs
Was that book printed in London?
Did you work last Saturday?
No, I didn’t work last Saturday.
I worked last Sunday.
y and vocabulary.
 Unit 4

KEYWORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

(to) carry – cargar (to) seem – parecer

(to) destroy – destruir (to) try – tratar, hacer un esfuerzo
(to) faint – desmayarse first aid – primeros auxilios
(to) notice – notar, fijarse en ground – suelo en exteriores

Explosion!
Max: Sam, I watched the news last night. I heard that there was a serious
accident near your house yesterday.
Sam: That’s right. There was an explosion at the shopping center across
the street.
Max: What happened?
Sam: Well, I invited my girlfriend to have lunch at my house. We were in
the dining room when we heard a loud noise. We ran out of the
house, and that’s when we saw the building.
Max: What did it look like?
Sam: The explosion almost completely destroyed it. My girlfriend ran
back to my house and called the fire department. They arrived in
about five minutes, but it seemed to take an hour.
Max: What did you do?
Sam: Well, I looked around, and I noticed that there were some people
on the ground. I saw that they needed medical attention; I know
a little first aid, so I tried to help them until the ambulances got
there. When my girlfriend came back, she wanted to help, but she
fainted when she saw all the blood. I had to carry her back to my
house.
Max: That’s awful! But what caused the accident?
Sam: They aren’t sure, but it seems that the gas tank on top of the building exploded. Luckily, nobody died;
I checked at the hospital, and all the victims are going to be fine.
Max: Well, I’m glad to hear that.

29
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. What happened yesterday?

2. What did Sam's girlfriend do when she ran back to the house?

3. What did Sam do?

4. What happened to his girlfriend when she saw the blood?

5. What caused the accident?

CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE: Past Actions with Regular Verbs

We use verbs in past to talk about completed actions at a definite time in the past. To form the past tense of regular
verbs we add -ed to the simple form of the verb.

Did Max watch the news last night? Yes, he watched the news last night.
AUX + SUB +VSF + TE (+) SUB + V PAST + TE

Did Sam's girlfriend help the victims yesterday? No, she didn't help the victims yesterday.
(-) SUB + AUX(-) + VSF + TE

What did she do? She fainted.

QW + AUX + SUB+ VSF

30
 Unit 4

PRACTICE 1: Pronunciation
Repeat the verbs in the simple form and past form after the teacher on the audio file.

Final /Id/ sound Final /t/ sound Final /d/ sound

attend attended approach approached agree agreed

faint fainted cook cooked carry carried
include included dance danced clean cleaned
operate operated finish finished close closed
plant planted fix fixed delay delayed
point pointed like liked design designed
rent rented look looked destroy destroyed
start started miss missed happen happened
visit visited notice noticed hire hired
wait waited touch touched listen listened
want wanted type typed live lived
add added wash washed open opened
need needed watch watched order ordered
decide decided work worked play played
pull pulled
rain rained
seem seemed
show showed
stay stayed
study studied
travel traveled
try tried
use used

31
PRACTICE 2: Home Alone
Read the dialog. Then complete the text with words or phrases from the box. Follow the example.

did you tell happy l’m not going to invite visit my aunt
didn’t you call I am inviting met a new friend you wanted
exhausted I cleaned they’re going to come I wanted
go on vacation called two

Tom: You look tired, Bill. What’s up?

visit my aunt
Bill: My parents went to Denver to and uncle. They were there for ten days, and
back tomorrow.
Tom: So why are you tired? When you’re home alone, you can rest more,
and you can do whatever you want.
Bill: That’s the problem. I did what . Some friends
came over last Saturday, and yesterday, the house was a mess.
Yesterday, the carpets, I washed the dishes,
I put everything in its place. I’m .
Tom: Why some of your friends and ask them to
help you? After all, they made the mess.
Bill: I of them, but they said they were busy. Next
time I’m home alone, any friends over.

PRACTICE 3: Different Customs

Listen to the story and write one word in each blank to complete the dialog.

Reporter: Tell me about your life, Jasmine.

Jasmine: Well, I was born in Kenya, but my family comes from India. My father had many businesses and we
lived in a very nice house .
Reporter: When did you come to the U.S.?
Jasmine: Well, we in the U.S. when I was ten years old, but before we came here, we lived for
almost two years in .
Reporter: Really? Why did you go there first?
Jasmine: Well, we didn’t permission to travel to the U.S. from Kenya, so we had to go to Italy first.
We finally got our visas and then traveled to the .
Reporter: I see.
Jasmine: When we arrived, we a house and I started school here. I studied English in addition to
all the other normal classes.
Reporter: When did you get married?
Jasmine: Well, in the U.S., you can’t get married at 14 like you can in Kenya,
so when I was , I got married.
Reporter: But you already knew your future husband, right?
Jasmine: Yes and no. My knew him.
They were friends, but I didn’t really know him. I met him the day
of our wedding.
Reporter: How old was he?

32
 Unit 4

Jasmine: When we got married, he was and I was only 17.

Reporter: Really?
Jasmine: Yes. In our culture, it’s important to marry a man that is older, someone who has money and a
.
Reporter: Well, your customs are very different than the customs here.
Jasmine: Yes, they are.

PRACTICE 4: A Busy Day

Read the dialog and fill in the blanks with logical words or phrases.

A: Did you this moming?

B: No, I didn’t this moming.
I decided to another time.
A: Why is that?
B: Because I had to this moming.
After I ,
I didn't have time to .
A: I see. So, when are you going to ?
B: I'm probably going to tomorrow.

VOCABULARY REVIEW
Unscramble each word below to make a vocabulary word or expression from this unit or previous units.
Follow the example.

Example: ryrac carry

1. goognuit 5. centoi
2. drongu 6. nifta
3. berotul 7. gertrans
4. tyrosed 8. cropahap

33
 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Write three new words that you can use.

Write down three new sentences or questions you can use.



Write two regular verbs in past that are pronounced with /Id/ sound as the ending.

Write two regular verbs in past that are pronounced with /t/ sound as the ending.

Write two regular verbs in past that are pronounced with /d/ sound as the ending.

34
 Unit 4

ANSWER KEY school here. I studied English in addition to all the other
normal classes.
Reporter:
PRACTICE 2: Home Alone When did you get married?
Tom: Jasmine:
You look tired, Bill. What’s up? Well, in the U.S., you can’t get married at 14 like you can
Bill: in Kenya, so when I was 17, I got married.
My parents went to Denver to visit my aunt and uncle. Reporter:
They were there for ten days, and they’re going to come But you already knew your :future husband, right?
back tomorrow. Jasmine:
Tom: Yes and no. My father knew him. They were friends,
So why are you tired? When you’re home alone, you can but I didn’t really know him. I met him the day of our
rest more, and you can do whatever you want. wedding.
Bill: Reporter:
That’s the problem. I did what I wanted. Some friends How old was he?
came over last Saturday, and yesterday, the house was Jasmine:
a mess. Yesterday, I cleaned the carpets, I washed the When we got married, he was 45 and I was only 17.
dishes, I put everything in its place. l’m exhausted. Reporter:
Tom: Really?
Why didn’t you call some of your friends and ask them Jasmine:
to help you? After all, they made the mess. Yes. In our culture, it’s important to marry a man that is
Bill: older, someone who has money and a home.
I called two of them, but they said they were busy. Next Reporter:
time l’m home alone, I’m not going to invite any friends Well, your customs are very different than the customs
over. here.
Jasmine:
Yes, they are.

PRACTICE 3: Different Customs

Reporter:
Tell me about your life, Jasmine. PRACTICE 4: A Busy Day
Jasmine: Example of a correct answer:
Well, I was born in Kenya, but my family comes from A:
India. My father had many businesses and we lived in a Did you type the report this moming?
very nice house. B:
Reporter: No, I didn’t type the report this morning. I decided to
When did you come to the U.S.? type it another time.
Jasmine: A:
Well, we arrived in the U.S. when I was ten years old, but Why is that?
before we came here, we lived for almost two years in B:
Italy. Because I had to visit a client this moming. After I visited
Reporter: the client, I didn’t have time to type the report.
Really? Why did you go there first? A:
Jasmine: I see. So, when are you going to type the report?
Well, we didn’t have permission to travel to the U.S. B:
from Kenya, so we had to go to Italy first. We finally got I’m probably going to type it tomorrow.
our visas and then traveled to the U.S.
Reporter:
I see.
Jasmine:
When we arrived, we bought a house and I started

35
VOCABULARY REVIEW
1. outgoing
2. ground
3. trouble
4. destroy
5. notice
6. faint
7. stranger
8. approach

36
Unit 4

37
REVIEW UNIT Unit 5

UNIT GOALS
In this unit we will review:
y Facts and Habits
y Past Actions with Regular and
Irregular Verbs
y Obligation and Necessity
y The Cause and Effect Conditional
y and vocabulary.
 Unit 5

PRACTICE 1: Don’s First Day at College

Read the dialog. Then complete the text with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Follow the
example.

Mrs. Bender: How was your first day at the university, Don?
Don: It was awful. I arrived (arrive) late to every class!
Mrs. Bender: How come?
Don: There are four buildings, and I (understand,
neg.) the room numbers. I studied my schedule but I got all
confused. I (ask, necessity) other students
for help. Also, my second class was in a theater and
(existence) 250 students there! I arrived
late and I had to sit on the floor.
Mrs. Bender: That’s too bad. Did you leam anything interesting?
Don: I (learn) that the professors speak fast and I (take, necessity) a
lot of notes very fast. I (notice) that students have to run to get to the next class.
I heard that I have to get a library card. Plus, I (have, neg.) any friends. I don’t
know anybody.
Mrs. Bender: Gee, you really had it bad today. Well, don’t give up. I’m sure you (feel) more
confident in a week or two.
Don: I hope so. I’m hungry, Mom. What’s for dinner?

PRACTICE 2: The Stolen Car

Read the sentences below. Then listen to the dialog and fill in the missing information. Follow the example.

Example:
Jerry just got back from the police station.
1. Someone stole his car
2. He it to the police.
3. He also the insurance company.
4. He to lock his car.
5. If he leaves his car on , he always locks it.

to lock =

39
These activities are not for homework; we will do them in class.

ACTIVITY 1: Multiple Choice

Write the letter of the correct answer. Follow the example.
Example: Renée a her homework at this moment.
a. is doing
b. does
c. did
d. did do

1. What you have for dinner last night? 4. My husband . He frequently gets angry.
a. are a. has a temper
b. do b. puts it back
c. did c. approaches him
d. does d. gives up

2. William travel on his next vacation; he doesn’t 5. When I read a book, I tired and fall asleep.
have any money. a. get
a. doesn’t b. am getting
b. isn’t going to c. getting
c. didn’t d. got
d. doesn’t have to
6. A: Who America?
3. A: Is it necessary to repeat the exercise? B: Nobody; but Leif Erikson or Columbus were the
B: No, you do it.   first Europeans there.
a. don’t a. discovering
b. don’t have to b. was discovered
c. aren’t going to c. discover
d. can’t d. discovered

40
 Unit 5

ACTIVITY 2: An Archaeologist in Mexico City

Read the dialog. Then complete the text with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. The verb can be
in present, past, or future. Follow the example.

Daisy: So, Jorge, what profession are you?

Jorge: I’m an archaeologist.
Daisy: That’s an interesting profession. Where do you work (work)?
Jorge: Well, I’m studying here in Washington D.C. now, but I usually work in the downtown area of Mexico City.
Daisy: In the downtown area? Aren’t there buildings there?
Jorge: Yes, but sometimes buildings are destroyed and rebuilt. When they destroy a building, we
(check) the ground for objects of archeological interest.
Daisy: Really? you ever (find) any interesting objects when you are there?
Jorge: I certainly do. In 1994, we found two statues of Mictlantecuhthli, the Aztec god of the dead, under a
house near the Zocalo. We (discover) the statues in a tunnel under a building. The
statues were in a thousand pieces, and we (reconstruct, necessity) them. The statues
are 174 centimeters tall.
Daisy: Wow. Where are they now?
Jorge: They’re in the museum of the Templo Mayor in Mexico City.
Daisy: I (go) to Mexico next summer. I can see your statues then. you
(be) in Mexico in August?
Jorge: Yes, I am. I’d love to give you a tour.
Daisy: Great.

41
ACTIVITY 3: Find the Mistake
There is a mistake in every line. The mistake is one of the underlined words. Choose the correction. Follow
the example.

Example:
Brenda sing a beautiful song at Mike’s birthday last night.
sang / Mike / this sang
1. Did Daniel studied for his Math exam last week?
Do / study / her
2. Yesterday, we have to work from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m.
had / worked / from
3. When they go to the beach, they always went to Acapulco.
went / never / go
4. When he was in secondary school, Steven likes to play football every aftemoon.
liked / played / any
5. You don’t have to went to the bank; you can transfer the money on your phone.
didn’t / had / go
6. Is you going to help with my work?
Are / helped / your

ACTIVITY 4: Talking about Our Weekends

Read the dialog and fill in the blanks with logical words or phrases.

A: What do you do when you want to relax?

B: I usually .
A: Did you last weekend?
B: No, I didn’t last weekend.
A: Why not?
B: Because I had to . What did you do last weekend?
A: I .

42
 Unit 5

VOCABULARY REVIEW
Find nine vocabulary words in the grid below. They can be across (horizontally) or down (vertically).

careful

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Can you yes a little no

... express your plans for the future?
... express conditions and their results in the present?
... ask and answer about events in the past?
... talk about obligations and necessities?
Check ( ) the verbs you know.

   to agree    to give up    to hire

   to approach    to glue    to make friends
   to be careful    to happen    to mean
   to delay    to have a temper    to put (it/them) back
   to design    to work

Think about the study tips you saw this month. Name three study tips you can remember.

43
ANSWER KEY Paula:
How did they steal it? Did you forget to lock it?
Jerry:
PRACTICE 1: Don’s First Day at College No, I’m very careful. If I leave the car on the street, I always
Mrs. Bender: lock it.
How was your first day at the university, Don? Paula:
Don: Well, I hope they find your car.
It was awful. I arrived late to every class! Jerry:
Mrs. Bender: Me, too.
How come? 1. Someone stole his car last night.
Don:
There are four buildings, and I didn’t understand the 2. He had to report it to the police.
room numbers. I studied my schedule but I got all 3. He also called the insurance company.
confused. I had to ask other students for help. Also, 4. He didn’t forget to lock his car.
my second class was in a theater and there were 250 5. If he leaves his car on the street, he always locks it.
students there! I arrived late and I had to sit on the floor.
Mrs. Bender:
That’s too bad. Did you learn anything interesting?
Don: VOCABULARY REVIEW
I learned that the professors speak fast and I have to
take/had to take a lot of notes very fast. I noticed that
students have to run to get to the next class. I heard
that I have to get a library card. Plus, I don’t have any
friends. I don’t know anybody.
Mrs. Bender:
Gee, you really had it bad today. Well, don’t give up. I’m
sure you are going to feel more confident in a week or
two.
Don:
I hope so. I’m hungry, Mom. What’ s for dinner?

PRACTICE 2: The Stolen Car

Audio script:
Jerry:
Hi, Paula.
Paula:
Oh, hi, Jerry. What’s up?
Jerry:
I just got back from the police station.
Paula:
The police station. Why?
Jerry:
Well, last night someone stole my car and I had to
report it to the police.
Paula:
Really? I’m sorry to hear that.
Jerry:
Yeah. I called the insurance company this morning, too.
They said they can’t do anything for a week. They have
to look for the car first.

44
 Unit 5

verbs and theri past participles

45
ACTIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE PAST Unit 6

UNIT GOALS
In this unit we will examine:
y Actions in Progress in the Past
y At a Specific Time
My brother was doing his
homework at 8:00 p.m.
y While Another Action Was Happening
My dad was reading the newspaper
while my mom was watching TV.
y When Another Action Happened
When I got home last night, my sister
was sleeping.
y and vocabulary.
 Unit 6

KEYWORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

(to) believe – creer desk – escritorio

(to) lie – estar, estar acostado/a en shot – disparo
(to) hang – colgar, estar colgando murder – asesinato
(to) breathe – respirar witness – testigo/a

The Office Mystery

Detective Molinsky is at a crime scene.
Molinsky: So, what do we have, officer?
Officer Pembry: The victim is in that office. It looks like a suicide case.
Molinsky: Are there any witnesses?
Officer Pembry: This is Trudy Seabom and this is Arnold Bliss. They were
working late tonight.
Molinsky: Mr. Bliss, I’m Detective Molinsky. Can you tell me what
happened here?
Arnold: I was working in my office when I heard the shot. I ran to Mr. Corbin’s office; Trudy arrived at
the same time I did. When we went in, he was lying with his head on the desk; his arms were
hanging at his sides. He was still breathing when I checked him. Trudy was trying to help him
while I was calling the police, but he died before the ambulance got here.
Molinsky: What can you tell me, Ms. Seabom?
Trudy: Well, I was walking by Mr. Corbin’s office at about 6:00. He was sitting at his desk, working. He
seemed completely normal. I can’t believe he killed himselfl
Molinsky: He didn’t.
Arnold: What do you mean?
Molinsky: When someone uses a gun to commit suicide, he doesn’t put his arms under the desk after the
shot. Mr. Corbin’s arms weren’t lying on the desk when you found him; they were under the
desk.
Trudy: So, you mean ...
Molinsky: This isn’t suicide, this is murder! And one of you isn’t telling the truth.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. Why were Trudy Seabom and Arnold Bliss at the office?

2. What was Arnold doing when he heard the shot?

3. What was Trudy doing while Arnold was calling the police?

47
4. What was Mr. Corbin doing at 6:00?

5. Why does Detective Molinsky think this is a murder?

CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE 1: Actions in Progress in the Past

We use the PAST CONTINUOUS to talk about actions in progress AT a specific time in the past.

Was Mr. Corbin sleeping at 6:00? No, he wasn’t sleeping at 6:00.

AUX + SUB + V+ING + TE (-) SUB + AUX(-) + V+ING + TE

What was he doing? He was working.

QW + AUX + SUB + V+ING SUB + AUX + V+ING

PRACTICE 1: A Case for Inspector Davis

Read the dialog. Then complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Follow the
example.

Inspector Davis: So, Sammy, where were (be) you the night of October second, last Friday night?
Sammy: Uh, I was at the bar with my friends.
Inspector Davis: What time you (leave) the bar?
Sammy: At about 11.
Inspector Davis: What you (do) at 11:30, Sammy?
Sammy: I (watch) a movie on TV.
Inspector Davis: What movie you (watch)?
Sammy: I think it was a horror movie, uh, Frankenstein’s Return.
Inspector Davis: That’s not possible. They (show) that movie
on Saturday. This is your last opportunity: what were you
doing on Friday night at 11:30?
Sammy: Uh, I (listen) to the radio. Yes, I remember it now.
Inspector Davis: What were you listening to?
Sammy: I was listening to music on 89.2 FM.
Inspector Davis: That station (exist, neg.). Sammy Jackson, you are under arrest for the robbery of
The Fifth Street Jewelry Store. You have the right to remain silent, you ...

48
 Unit 6

CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE 2: Actions in Progress in the Past

We can use the PAST CONTINUOUS to talk about an action in progress in the past WHILE another action
was happening.

Trudy was trying to help while Arnold was calling the police.
PAST CONTINUOUS + WHILE + PAST CONTINUOUS

PRACTICE 2: Punished
Read the questions. Then listen to the audio file and answer them. Listen again to check. Follow the
example.

Example:
Who is playing basketball?
Evan and some friends are playing basketball.
1. Where did Joey’s parents go last night?

2. Was Joey doing his homework at 8:00?

3. What was June doing at 8:00?

4. What kind of movie was Toby watching?

5. What was Suzie doing?

49
 CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE 3: Actions in Progress in the Past
We can also use the PAST CONTINUOUS to talk about an action in progress in the past WHEN another
action happened.

Arnold was working when he heard the shot.

PAST CONTINUOUS + WHEN + SIMPLE PAST

PRACTICE 3: An Explosion
Complete the dialog with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Follow the example.

Darryl: Did you hear (hear) that explosion last night?

Riana: Yeah. It was really loud. I (work) on my computer when it happened. I immediately
got up and turned on the TV, but they (say, neg.) anything about it.
Ryan: I heard it too, but I still don’t know what it was. I (have) dinner with my wife. We were
talking about our plans for the weekend. When we heard it, we both got up from the table and went
to look outside.To the west, (existence) a fire. It looked like it was coming from the
chemical plant.
Darryl: When the explosion (happen), I was helping the kids with their homework.
At ten o’ clock, I turned on the news. While I was watching the news,
they (interview) some people from the chemical
plant. They said that a gas tank exploded at the chemical plant, but
they still (be, neg.) sure why it exploded. They
are going to investigate what caused it.
Riana: Did anyone get hurt?
Darryl: Fortunately, no.
Ryan: That was very lucky.
Darryl: That’s for sure.

50
 Unit 6

PRACTICE 4: When We Met

Listen to the audio file and fill in the missing words or phrases. Follow the example.

Melanie: Mom, do you remember the first time you met Dad?
Mom: Of course. It was a long time ago, but I still remember it very well. I was in
the university and I was taking a class. The class was in a very
large classroom and there were about in the group. I usually
arrived to class early, but one day I had a problem and I got to class late. When I
walked in, the teacher was already giving the class. I sat down in the first chair I
saw. I was listening to the teacher and I notes, when I noticed the
man next to me. He was really . I looked at him a couple of times, but he wasn’t paying
attention to me. At the end of the class, I asked my handsome classmate about the part of the class I
missed. He was very nice and we started talking. He invited me for a and we discovered
we had a lot in common. We went out for and when we graduated from the university,
we got married.
Melanie: That’s so romantic!

PRACTICE 5: But I saw you!

Read the dialog and fill in the blanks with logical words or phrases.

A: Why were you at last Saturday?

B: What do you mean? I wasn’t at last Saturday.
A: But I saw you! You were at .
B: That wasn’t me. I was at last Saturday.
A: Huh. I guess it was somebody else.

VOCABULARY REVIEW
Unscramble each word below to make a vocabulary word or expression from this unit or previous units.
Follow the example

Example: sked desk

__________ 4. strif dia __________
1. stewins __________ 5. netrarsg __________
2. rudmer __________ 6. panhep __________
3. trabhee __________ 7. tafin __________

51
 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Write three new words or expressions that you can use.

When do we use past continuous with at? (Explain or give an example.)


When do we use past continuous with when? (Explain or give an example.)


When do we use past continuous with while? (Explain or give an example.)

52
 Unit 6

ANSWER KEY Evan:

What happened last night?
Joey:
PRACTICE 1: A Case for Inspector Davis Well, my parents planned to go to dinner and then to
Inspector Davis: see a movie last night, but when they arrived at the
So, Sammy, where were you the night of October movie theater, there weren’t any more tickets, so they
second, last Friday night? came home early; at 8:00.
Sammy: Evan:
Uh, I was at the bar with my friends. So?
Inspector Davis: Joey:
What time did you leave the bar? Well, at 8:00 I wasn’t doing my homework. I was playing
Sammy: on the computer. My sister, June, was talking on the
At about 11. phone with a friend while she was smoking. My parents
Inspector Davis: didn’t know that she smoked. My little brother, Toby,
What were you doing at 11:30, Sammy? was watching a horror movie on TV while little Suzie
Sammy: was playing with water in the kitchen. The kitchen floor
I was watching a movie on TV. was completely wet. Anyway, my parents were very
Inspector Davis: angry because June and I didn’t watch my little brother
What movie were you watching? and sister.
Sammy: Evan:
I think it was a horror movie, uh, Frankenstein ‘s Return. I see. So when can you go out again?
Inspector Davis: Joey:
That’s not possible. They showed that movie on Maybe in a week.
Saturday. This is your last opportunity: what were you Evan:
doing on Friday night at 11:30? OK. I’ll call you then. Bye.
Sammy: Joey:
Uh, I was listening to the radio. Yes, I remember now. Bye.
Inspector Davis:
What were you listening to? 1. (They went) to dinner.
Sammy:
I was listening to music on 89.2 FM. 2. No, (he wasn’t doing his homework.)
Inspector Davis: 3. (She was) talking on the phone and smoking.
That station doesn’t exist. Sammy Jackson, you are 4. (He was watching) a horror movie.
under arrest for the robbery of The Fifth Street Jewelry 5. (She was) playing with water.
Store. You have the right to remain silent, you ...

PRACTICE 3: An Explosion
PRACTICE 2: Punished Darryl:
Did you hear that explosion last night?
Audio script: Riana:
Evan:
Yeah. It was really loud. I was working on my computer
Hi, Joey, can you come over to my house? A group of
when it happened. I immediately got up and turned on
friends are playing basketball.
the TV, but they didn’t say anything about it.
Joey:
Ryan:
No, Evan, I can’t.
I heard it too, but I still don’t know what it was. I was
Evan:
having dinner with my wife. We were talking about our
Why not?
plans for the weekend. When we heard it we both got
Joey:
up from the table and went to look outside. To the west,
My parents are punishing me because of what
there was a fire. lt looked like it was coming from the
happened last night.
chemical plant.

53
Darryl: PRACTICE 5: But I saw you!
When the explosion happened, I was helping the
Example of a correct answer:
kids with their homework. At ten o’clock, I turned on
A:
the news. While I was watching the news, they were
Why were you playing tennis at 2:00 last Saturday?
interviewing some people from the chemical plant.
B:
They said that a gas tank exploded at the chemical
What do you mean? I wasn’t playing tennis at 2:00 last
plant, but they still weren’t sure why it exploded. They
Saturday.
are going to investigate what caused it.
A:
Riana:
But I saw you! You were at the tennis club.
Did anyone get hurt?
B:
Darryl:
That wasn’t me. I was eating lunch in a restaurant at 2:00
Fortunately, no.
last Saturday.
Ryan:
A:
That was very lucky.
Huh. I guess it was somebody else.
Darryl:
That’s for sure.

VOCABULARY REVIEW
PRACTICE 4: When We Met 1. witness
2. murder
Melanie: 3. breathe
Mom, do you remember the first time you met Dad?
4. first aid
Mom:
Of course. It was a long time ago, but I still remember 5. stranger
it very well. I was in the university and I was taking a 6. happen
history class. The class was in a very large classroom and 7. faint
there were about 100 students in the group. I usually
arrived to class early, but one day I had a problem and
I got to class late. When I walked in, the teacher was
already giving the class. I sat down in the first chair
I saw. I was listening to the teacher and I was taking
notes, when I noticed the man next to me. He was
really handsome. I looked at him a couple of times,
but he wasn’t paying attention to me. At the end of
the class, I asked my handsome classmate about the
part of the class I missed. He was very nice and we
started talking. He invited me for a cup of coffee and we
discovered we had a lot in common. We went out for
two years, and when we graduated from the university,
we got married.
Melanie:
That’s so romantic!

54
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS Unit 7

UNIT GOALS
In this unit we will examine:
y Possessive Pronouns
Is that jacket yours?
No, it’s not mine.
Whose is it?
It’s Larry’s.
y and vocabulary.
 Unit 7

KEYWORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

bride – novia, el día que se casa hectic – frenético, con mucha actividad relatives – familiares
fairly – bastante, considerablemente honeymoon – luna de miel wedding – boda
groom – novio, el día que se casa

Wedding Plans
Lauren: How are your daughter’s wedding plans coming along?
Tracy: Okay, I guess. But it’s in three days, so things are a little hectic around here.
Lauren: So, how is the groom handling things?
Tracy: Fine, I guess. He’s a little concerned about his family.
Lauren: Why is that?
Tracy: Well, his family is fairly big, and they live in different parts of the country. For example, most of our
relatives live right here in San Diego, but his are coming in from Washington, Philadelphia, and
Harrisburg.
Lauren: Tell me about the reception.
Tracy: Sandra and David both decided they wanted a small one with just
the family. At first, they wanted to have it at his parents’ house.
Unfortunately, theirs is a little small.
Lauren: Well, yours is fairly big.
Tracy: Yes, it is. That’s why we’re going to have it there.
Lauren: And the honeymoon?
Tracy: They’re going to spend a week in the Caribbean.
Lauren: We spent ours in the Caribbean, too. So, how’s Sandra doing?
Tracy: She’s fine. She’s under a lot of stress, of course; she wants to look
perfect for her big day.
Lauren: Did she find a nice wedding dress?
Tracy: Actually, she wanted to wear mine, but it was too small. Anyway, hers is really beautiful; she bought it at
Boutique Françoise.
Lauren: Well, I’m sure she’s going to be a beautiful bride.
Tracy: Thanks, Lauren.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. How are things around Tracy’s house?

2. What is different about Sandra’s family and David’s?

3. Why didn’t they have the reception at David’s parents’ house?

4. Where are they going to spend their honeymoon?

5. Why didn’t she wear her mother’s wedding dress?

57
 CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE 1: Possessive Pronouns
We use a possessive pronoun to replace a possessive adjective + noun.

Those are my books.

They’re mine.

We can use the possessive pronoun after a verb.

Is this your pen? No, it isn’t mine; it’s Mary’s.

POSSESSIVE + NOUN POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVE PRONOUN

The possessive pronouns are:

PRACTICE 1: In the Locker Room

Read the dialog. Then complete the dialog with a logical word that indicates possession (pronouns or
adjectives). Follow the example.

Bill: That was a terrible game.

Dan: Yeah. Losing 4 to 1 is embarrassing.
Hey, that’s my T-shirt.
Bill: No, it isn’t. It’s .
Dan: Sorry, it’s not . It’s .
Coach: Hey, what are you fighting about?
Bill: I’m trying to put on my T-shirt, but Dan says it’s .
Coach: Dan?
Dan: Check inside: initials are on the label.
Bill: Look for yourself. No label, no initials. It’s .
Dan: I’m sorry, I guess we both have the same T-shirt.
Coach: Dan, there’s a shirt on the floor over there. It’s probably .
Bill: Yeah, why don’t you go check the label, Dan?
Coach: I know you’re both upset about the game. Take it easy, kids. team is strong. If we train hard this
week, we’re going to have a great game next week.

58
 Unit 7

CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE 2: Possessive Pronouns

We use a possessive pronoun to replace a possessive adjective + noun. We can use the possessive
pronoun as the subject of a sentence.

Your house is white; mine is brown.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUN

PRACTICE 2: What do you hear?

Read the questions below. Then listen to the dialog and answer the questions. Next, listen to the dialog
again to check. Follow the example.

Dialog 1:
Example: Are Carol’s books on the desk?
No, hers aren’t on the desk.
1. Where are hers?

2. Are Brian’s books on the table?

3. Where is Brian going to put the books?

Dialog 2:
4. Does Ryan’s stereo look just like Dan’s?

5. When did Dan buy his stereo?

6. Why didn’t Ryan buy the N-195?

59
 CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE 3: Possessive Pronouns
We use a possessive pronoun to replace a possessive adjective + noun. When we want to know who
something belongs to, we ask a question with whose.

Whose book is this? It’s David’s.

QW + NOUN NOUN+’s

PRACTICE 3: At the Lost and Found Counter at School

Read the dialog. Then, complete the text with logical words or phrases from the box. Follow the example.

ask for his his last week theirs

ask him mine is them there
hers of your sister there they
him on Monday ours is your sister’s

Dan: I lost my sweater. Did you find it? It’ s green.

Mr. Wilson: Is this it?
Dan: No, mine is dark green.
Mr. Wilson: Here you are.
Dan: Thanks. Hey, is that Simon’s umbrella? He lost .
Mr. Wilson: Maybe. I can later. Is this your and Brett’s football?
Dan: No, at home.
Mr. Wilson: Are you on the football team?
Dan: Yes, I am. Why?
Mr. Wilson: We found some towels in the locker room. Maybe your team members left .
Dan: Yes, some of my team mates lose towels all the time. Maybe those towels are .
Mr. Wilson: This notebook says “Julie Summers”. I’m sure it’s .
Dan: Yes, it’s . Thank you very much.
Mr. Wilson: No problem.

60
 Unit 7

PRACTICE 4: Lost items

Read the dialog and fill in the blanks with logical words or phrases.

A: I found . yours?
B: No, not mine.
I think ‘s.
A: No, not . I asked .
B: Then probably ‘s.
I think lost last week.
A: You’re right; probably .
I’m going to ask right now.

VOCABULARY REVIEW
Read the text. Then fill in the blanks with a vocabulary word or expression from this unit or previous units.
Follow the example.

Last week, I went to a w edding in a nearby city. I had to go, because I was a w and I had to
sign the legal documents. The b looked beautiful, and the g wore an elegant tuxedo.
There were a f large number of people there; all the friends and r from both families
attended. Many of them were s to me, but I knew at least a few people. The happy couple went to
Hawaii on their h .

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Check ( ) the vocabulary words that you can use.
   to happen    relatives    What’s on your mind?
   to hire    stranger    l’m afraid...
   to mean    outgoing
   to approach

Write down three new sentences or questions you can use.

What is the difference between a possessive adjective and a possessive pronoun?

(You can write an explanation or give examples.)

61
ANSWER KEY Brian:
Yes, Mom.
Mom:
PRACTICE 1: In the Locker Room Come and get them, and take them to your room.
Bill:
That was a terrible game. 1. (Hers are) in her room.
Dan: 2. No, (his aren’t on the table.)
Yeah. Losing 4 to 1 is embarrasing. Hey, that’s my T-shirt. 3. (He’s going to put them) in his room.
Bill:
No, it isn’t. It’s mine. Dialog 2:
Dan: Dan:
Sorry, it’s not yours. It’s mine. Thanks for the ride, Ryan.
Coach: Ryan:
Hey, what are you fighting about? Any time, Dan.
Bill: Dan:
l’m trying to put on my T-shirt, but Dan says it’ s his. Hey, that’s a great car stereo. It looks just like mine.
Coach: Where did you get it?
Dan? Ryan:
Dan: I bought it at Sound Stage. Where did you get yours?
Check inside: my initials are on the label. Dan:
Bill: I got mine at The Audio Place. It was on sale a few
Look for yourself. No label, no initials. It’s mine. weeks ago.
Dan: Ryan:
l’m sorry, I guess we both have the same T-shirt. I just got mine last week. Is yours the JV-187?
Coach: Dan:
Dan, there’s a shirt on the floor over there. It’ s probably No, I got the N-195. It has a little more power.
yours. Ryan:
Bill: I wanted that one, but they didn’t have any left when I
Yeah, why don’t you go check the label, Dan? went last week.
Coach: Dan:
I know you’re both upset about the game. Take it easy, I think they sound about the same, anyway.
kids. Our team is strong. If we train hard this week, we’re Ryan:
going to have a great game next week. Yeah, you’re probably right.

4. Yes. (it looks iust like his.)

5. (He bought his) a few weeks ago.
PRACTICE 2: What do you hear? 6. Because there weren’t any left.
Audioscript:
Dialog 1:
Mom:
Carol, are these your books here on the desk? PRACTICE 3: At the Lost and Found
Carol: Counter at School
No, they aren’t mine. Mine are in my room. Dan:
Mom: I lost my sweater. Did you find it? It’s green.
Whose books are they? Mr. Wilson:
Carol: Is this it?
They’re Brian’s books. He left them there after school Dan:
yesterday. No, mine is dark green.
Mom: Mr. Wilson:
Brian, are these your books on the desk? Here you are.

62
 Unit 7

Dan: B:
Thanks. Hey, is that Simon’s umbrella? He lost his last Then they ‘re probably Doug’s. I think he lost his last
week. week.
Mr. Wilson: A:
Maybe. I can ask him later. Is this your and Brett’s You’re right; they’re probably his. I’m going to ask him
football? right now.
Dan:
No, ours is at home.
Mr. Wilson:
Are you on the football team? VOCABULARY REVIEW
Dan: Last week, I went to a wedding in a nearby city. I had to
Yes, I am. Why? go, because I was a witness, and I had to sign the legal
Mr. Wilson: documents. The bride looked beautiful, and the groom
We found some towels in the locker room. Maybe your wore an elegant tuxedo. There were a fairly large
team members left them there. number of people there; all the friends and relatives
Dan: from both families attended. Many of them were
Yes, some of my team mates lose towels all the time. strangers to me, but I knew at least a few people. The
Maybe those towels are theirs. happy couple went to Hawaii on their honeymoon.
Mr. Wilson:
This notebook says “Julie Summers”. l’m sure it’s your
sister’s.
Dan:
Yes, it’ s hers. Thank you very much.
Mr. Wilson:
No problem.

PRACTICE 4: Lost items

Example in singular:
A:
I found this watch. Is it yours?
B:
No, it’s not mine. I think it’s Dave’s.
A:
No, it’s not his. I asked him.
B:
Then it’s probably Mary’s. I think she lost hers last week.
A:
You’re right; it’s probably hers. I’m going to ask her right
now.

Example in plural:
A:
I found these keys. Are they yours?
B:
No, they ‘re not mine. I think they ‘re Karen’s.
A:
No, they’re not hers. I asked her.

63
RECOMMENDATIONS Unit 8

UNIT GOALS
In this unit we will examine:
y Recommendations
Should I translate when
I speak English?
No, you shouldn’t translate.
What should I do?
You should try to think in English.
y and vocabulary.
 Unit 8

KEYWORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

(to) appreciate – apreciar forehead – la frente (de la cabeza)

(to) bother – molestar hoarse – (voz) ronca
(to) take it easy – tomarlo silly – tonto/a
con calma, relajarse sore throat – dolor de garganta

A Sore Throat
Libby: Good morning, Iris.
Iris: Good morning.
Libby: Wow, you sound terrible. What’s the matter with your throat?
Iris: Nothing. I just have a cold, that’s all.
Libby: Well, you’re really hoarse. You should probably go home and
take it easy.
Iris: I can’t. I have a big presentation today.
Libby: Come here, let me feel your forehead ... Hmm, you have a fever,
too. You really shouldn’t be here.
Iris: I’m fine. You shouldn’t worry about me so much.
Hannah: Really? You should drink something cold, Iris.
Libby: No, no, you should drink something hot. If you’re going to stay here, you should have a cup of tea or
coffee.
Hannah: Actually, you should take some cold medicine. I have mine in my purse, just a second ....
Iris: Listen, I appreciate all your recommendations, but I really think I should focus on my presentation
now.
Libby: You can’t give a presentation with that voice. Is there somebody else who can do it?
Iris: Well, Trent worked on the project with me, but he’s really busy today; I probably shouldn’t bother him.
Hannah: Don’t be silly. You should definitely let Trent do it. Right now, you should get some rest.
Iris: I guess you’re right. I feel awful; I should probably just go home and go to bed.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. What’s the matter with Iris’s throat?

2. What does Libby think she should do?

3. What does Hannah think she should do?

4. What do they say she should do about the project?

5. What does Iris finally do?

65
 CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE 1: Recommendations
We use should to give advice or a recommendation.

Should she rest? Yes, she should rest.

AUX + SUB + VSF (+) SUB + AUX + VSF

Should she be at work? No, she shouldn’t be at work.

(-) SUB + AUX(-) + VSF

Where should she be? She should be at home.

QW + AUX + SUB + VSF

PRACTICE 1: What should they do?

Read the problem that each person has and then give them some advice. Follow the example.

Example: Gerald has a terrible cold. 1. Bob and Tim aren’t doing well in
     school.

He should visit the doctor.

He shouldn’t go to work today.
2. My husband is fat and he needs 3. Karen and her husband fight a 4. Sandra wants a better job, but she
     to lose weight.      lot.     doesn’t speak English.

66
 Unit 8

PRACTICE 2: Having a Baby

Listen to the dialog once. Then check the things she should and shouldn’t do. Next, listen to the audio file
again to check. Follow the example.

CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE 2: Recommendations

We can use should to make recommendations about the future.

What should we do next weekend? We should go to the movies.

QW + AUX + SUB + VSF + TE

67
PRACTICE 3: What should they do?
1. Listen to the people on the audio file talk about their problems and then listen to the recommendations
that Doctor Lane gives them.

2. Now, write two of the recommendations the doctor gave each person. Follow the example.

Craig
He should talk to his parents.
He shouldn’t go out every weekend.

Kelly

Herb

3. Next, listen to the audio again and check your answers.

PRACTICE 4: Vacation Time

Read the dialog and fill in the blanks with logical words or phrases.

A: We can’t decide where to go on our vacation.

B: You should go to .
A: Really? Why do you say that?
B: Because and
.
A: Okay. What should we do while we’re there?
B: You should
and you should .

68
 Unit 8

VOCABULARY REVIEW
Read the text. Then fill in the blanks with a vocabulary word or expression from this unit or previous units.
Follow the example.

I woke up this moming with a really bad cold. I have a sore throat ; I’m
and I can hardly talk. It’s also difficult for me to
. My husband felt my and he said I have a
fever. I took my , and it was 101ºF; that’ s high.
The only problem is that things are pretty at work right now,
because we’re working on four different projects. Oh, well, they’re just going
to have to do the work me. I’m not going to go in today; I’m
going to stay home and .

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Write three new words or expressions.

Write three new sentences or questions.



What does have to express?

What does can express?
and
What does should express?

69
ANSWER KEY do very strenuous exercise.
Janie:
OK. When should I come and see you again?
PRACTICE 1: The Past Doctor:
Examples of correct answers: You should make an appointment with my secretary for
1. They should pay attention in class. next month.
Janie:
They shouldn’t watch TV in the afternoons.
Thanks a lot. See you next month.
2. He shouldn’t eat candy.
He should do exercise every day. She should...
3. They should talk to a marriage counselor. eat four or five meals a day.
They shouldn’t fight in front of the kids. take vitamins.
sleep eight hours a night.
4. She shouldn’t spend her money on clothes.
visit the doctor next month.
She should take classes at lnterlingua.
She shouldn’t...
sleep during the day.
do strenuous exercise.
PRACTICE 2: Having a Baby
Audio script:
Doctor: PRACTICE 3: What should they do?
First of all, congratulations. You’re going to have a baby Audio script:
in approximately seven more months. Craig:
Janie: My name is Craig and I’m 16. I constantly fight with my
Really? That’s great. My husband is going to be so parents because they don’t give me permission to go
happy. So, doctor is there anything special I need to out on the weekends. They don’t like my music or my
know? friends. I want to leave home.
Doctor: Doctor Lane:
Well, I do have some recommendations for you. First Craig, I know it’s difficult to be a teenager, but you
of all, you should be careful with how much you eat. shouldn’t leave home. That isn’t the solution to the
You don’t want to gain too much weight during your problem. Remember your parents love you very much
pregnancy. You should eat four or five small meals a and they are just worried about you. You are only 16
day and you should eat lots of fruit and vegetables. and you shouldn’t go out every weekend, but your
Janie: parents should let you go out occasionally. Talk to them
Do I have to take vitamins? and see if you can negotiate going out sometimes.
Doctor: When they know where you are and who you are with,
Yes. I’m going to give you a prescription for some it’ s easier for them to give you permission.
special vitamins. Your body needs more vitamins and
minerals now than it normally does. Kelly:
Janie: Hello, Doctor. My name is Kelly and I have a problem
Doctor, lately I’m very tired all the time. Is that normal? with my husband. He always goes out with his friends
Doctor: after work and he never comes home early. He doesn’t
Yes, it is. You shouldn’t sleep during the day, but you spend time with me or the kids. I talked to him and he
should get enough rest at night. You should sleep at always says he’s going to change, but he never does. I
least eight hours a night. don’t know what to do.
Janie: Doctor Lane:
All right. One more thing. Can I continue my exercise Well, Kelly, your situation is very complicated. Your
classes? I normally do an hour of exercise a day. husband should spend more time with you and the
Doctor: children, but it sounds like he doesn’t want to. You
Exercise is important and your body is accustomed to talked to him about this and there was no change, so
it, so there’s no problem really. However, you shouldn’t maybe you should go see a marriage counselor. They

70
 Unit 8

can sometimes help a lot. If your husband doesn’t want VOCABULARY REVIEW
to do that, maybe you should think about leaving him.
I woke up this morning with a really bad cold. I
have a sore throat; I’m hoarse and I can hardly talk.
Herb:
It’s also difficult for me to breathe. My husband felt
My name is Herb and I’m having problems at work.
my forehead, and he said I have a fever. I took my
I have a coworker who never does his work and he
temperature, and it was 101° F; that’s fairly high. The
always tells the boss lies. The boss really likes this guy,
only problem is that things are pretty hectic at work
and he thinks he does good work. I’m usually the
right now, because we’re working on four different
person who does all the work and when I try to tell my
projects. Oh, well, they’re just going to have to do the
boss, he doesn’t want to listen to me or believe me.
work without me. I’m not going to go in today; I’m
What should I do?
going to stay home and take it easy.
Doctor Lane:
First of all, Herb, you shouldn’t do the work of your lazy
coworker. If you do his work, he’ s not going to change.
You say that you talked to your boss, but he doesn’t
believe you. You should talk to your boss’ s boss, but
you should be careful because your boss can get angry
if he knows you did this. Another option is to look for
a different position in the same company. You should
talk to someone in human resources to see if you can
change to another area of the company.

Examples of correct answers:

Kelly
She should see a marriage counselor.
She should think about leaving her husband.
Herb
He shouldn’t do the work of his co-worker.
He should talk to his boss’s boss.

PRACTICE 4: Vacation Time

Example of a correct answer:
A:
We can’t decide where to go on our vacation.
B:
You should go to Taxco.
A:
Really? Why do you say that?
B:
Because the town is beautiful, and it’s a very interesting
place.
A:
Okay. What should we do while we’re there?
B:
You should buy some silver, and you should visit the
cathedral.

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OPINIONS Unit 9

UNIT GOALS
In this unit we will examine:
y Opinions
My sister thinks I should study French.
I don’t think my husband understands me.
y and vocabulary.
 Unit 9

KEYWORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

(to) treat – tratar It's out of the question – de ninguna manera

belly button – ombligo own – propio/a
cool – bonito/a, ‘chido/a’ too – también / demasiado
dangerous – peligroso/a

At the Mall
Mrs. Wyatt and her daughter Tiffany are at the mall.
Tiffany: Look, Mom! There’s a store that sells belly button rings!
Can I get one?
Mom: Sorry, that’s completely out of the question.
Tiffany: But why?
Mom: I don’t think a fifteen-year-old girl should have a belly button ring.
It’s dangerous; you can get an infection.
Tiffany: Mom, you think everything is dangerous.
Mom: Besides, I think we have to talk to your father about this first.
Tiffany: You know what he’s going to say; he thinks I’m still a little girl.
Mom: Well, I don’t think you’re a little girl, but I think you’re too young
for a belly button ring.
Tiffany: Sally’s mom doesn’t think she’s too young. I think her ring
looks cool.
Mom: I saw it, and I don’t think it looks cool; I think it looks horrible.
Tiffany: Mom, you can’t treat me like a kid forever.
Mom: You know what? I think you're right. If you think you’re ready to
make adult decisions, then I shouldn’t stop you.
Tiffany: Really? Do you mean that?
Mom: Absolutely. Of course, now that you’re an adult, I think you should have some adult responsibilities. For
example, I think you should pay for your own clothes. Oh, and you should probably pay rent, too ...
Tiffany: Uh, you know what, Mom? I think you’re right. I’m too young to make decisions like that.

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. What does Mrs. Wyatt think about a belly button ring?

2. What does Mr. Wyatt think about his daughter?

3. What does Tiffany think about Sally’s belly button ring?

4. What does Mrs. Wyatt think about it?

5. Does Mrs. Wyatt really think Tiffany is ready to make adult decisions?

CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE: Opinions

We use the verb think to express opinions.

I think belly button rings look nice. I don’t think belly button rings look nice.
EXP. (+) AFF. EXP. (-) AFF.

She thinks belly button rings look nice. She doesn’t think belly button rings look nice.

PRACTICE 1: What should he do?

Read the sentences below and then listen to the audio file. Then, fill in the missing information. Next, listen
to the audio file again and check.

Example: Dan needs some advice.

1. He has a problem with .
2. Julia thinks he her parents.
3. Dan he’s ready to meet them.
4. Carol thinks Dan should invite Julia’s parents out .
5. Dan thinks it’s .

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 Unit 9

PRACTICE 2: A UFO?
Complete the dialog with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Follow the example.

Hank: Did you see the news? Did you read (read) about it? I can’t believe it!
Ralph: What do you mean? What (happen)?
Hank: The Martians! They (attack) us!
Ralph: What? You (believe, neg.) that stuff, do you?
Hank: Well, fifty people saw the UFO; they saw the starship!
Ralph: l (think, neg.) the ship was really a UFO.
Maybe it was a helicopter, or a weather balloon, or ...
Hank: I (believe, possibility, neg.) you’re so skeptical.
I was there; I saw it. You (treat) me like a fool.
Ralph: I don’t think you’re a fool. You’re normally a very rational and
intelligent guy. I think those Martians (do)
something to your sense of logic and reason.
Hank: A-ha. So you admit that Martians exist!
Ralph: Oh, I give up!

Now answer the question.

Do you think UFO’s exist? Why?

PRACTICE 3: Going Out

Read the text and fill in the blanks with logical words or phrases.

A: Hey, let’s go to .
B: Okay. Do you like ?
A: Not really.
B: Why not?
A: I think
and I think .
B: Okay. What do you suggest?
A: I think .
Why don’t we go there?
B: I think that’s a good idea.

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VOCABULARY REVIEW
Read the text. Then fill in the blanks with a vocabulary word or expression from this unit or previous units.
Follow the example.

Ryan: Look, Mom, a zip line! Can I do it?

Mrs: O’Neal: Don’t be s illy Of course you can’t do it.
Ryan: But why not?
Mrs: O’Neal: Because it’s d , that’s why not. What if something
goes wrong and you hit the g ?
Ryan: Come on, that’s not going to happen.
Mrs: O’Neal: Sorry, but it’s o o t
q .
Ryan: But all my friends say it’s really c .
Mrs: O’Nea!: Well, maybe, but you’re not going to do it. Besides, I think
you’re t young; I don’t think they’re going to let you do it.
Ryan: I hate this! You always t me like a baby.
Mrs: O’Nea!: I’m sorry about that, but I’m a you’re just going to have to wait until you’re a little older.

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Write three new words or expressions that you can use.

Write three new sentences or questions.

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 Unit 9

ANSWER KEY PRACTICE 2: A UFO?

Hank:
PRACTICE 1: What should he do? Did you see the news? Did you read about it? I can’t
Audio script: believe it!
Dan: Ralph:
Hi, Carol. What do you mean? What happened?
Carol: Hank:
Oh, hi, Dan. What’s up? The Martians! They are attacking/attacked us!
Dan: Ralph:
I have a little problem with my girlfriend, and I need What? You don’t believe that stuff, do you?
some advice. Hank:
Carol: Well, fifty people saw the UFO; they saw the starship!
I see. What’s the problem? Ralph:
Dan: I don’t think the ship was really a UFO. Maybe it was a
I was talking to Julia, my girlfriend, yesterday and she helicopter, or a weather balloon, or ...
thinks I should meet her parents, but I don’t think I’m Hank:
ready to meet them yet. I can’t believe you’re so skeptical. I was there, I saw it. You
Carol: are treating me like a fool.
Why does she want you to meet them? Ralph:
Dan: I don’t think you’re a fool. You’re normally a very
Well, in two weeks, it is her parents’ 30th wedding rational and intelligent guy. I think those Martians did
anniversary. There’s going to be a party with the family, something to your sense of logic and reason.
and she invited me to go. She thinks it’s a good time for Hank:
me to meet them, but I don’t. A-ha. So you admit Martians exist!
Carol: Ralph:
Why? What do you think? Oh, I give up!
Dan:
I want to meet her parents, but I don’t think we should Answer to the question:
meet at their anniversary party. I’m going to feel Free response.
uncomfortable at a big family get-together. I don’t
know any of the people in her family.
Carol:
Why don’t you invite her parents to dinner at a nice PRACTICE 3: Going Out
restaurant this weekend? You can meet them and get Example of a correct answer:
to know them a little before the party. A:
Dan: Hey, let’s go to the movies.
Hey, that’s a good idea. I think I’m going to do that. B:
Thanks for your help. Okay. Do you like Cine Felipe?
Carol: A:
Anytime. Not really.
B:
1. He has a problem with his girlfriend. Why not?
2. Julia thinks he should meet her parents. A:
I think it’s too expensive, and I think the sound system is
3. Dan doesn’t think he’s ready to meet them. bad.
4. Carol thinks Dan should invite Julia’s parents out B:
for dinner. Okay. What do you suggest?
5. Dan thinks it’s a good idea. A:
I think Cine Geminis is good. Why don’t we go there?

77
B:
I think that’s a good idea.

VOCABULARY REVIEW
Ryan:
Look, Mom, a zip line! Can I do it?
Mrs: O’Neal:
Don’t be silly. Of course you can’t do it.
Ryan:
But why not?
Mrs: O’Neal:
Because it’s dangerous, that’s why not. What if
something goes wrong and you hit the ground?
Ryan:
Come on, that’s not going to happen.
Mrs: O’Neal:
Sorry, but it’s out of the question.
Ryan:
But all my friends say it’s really cool!
Mrs: O’Neal:
Well, maybe, but you’re not going to do it. Besides, I
think you’re too young; I don’t think they’re going to let
you do it.
Ryan:
I hate this! You always treat me like a baby.
Mrs: O’Neal:
l’m sorry about that, but l’m afraid you’re just going to
have to wait until you’re a little older.

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Unit 9

79
REVIEW UNIT Unit 10

UNIT GOALS
In this unit we will review:
y Past Actions
y Obligation and Necessity
y the Cause and Effect Conditional
y Actions in Progress in the Past
y Recommendations
y Possessive Pronouns
y Opinions
y and vocabulary
 Unit 10

PRACTICE 1: Lost and Found

Read the dialog and write the correct word to complete the dialog. Follow the example.

Clerk: Can I help you?

Paul: Yes. We lost some of o ur books last week. We were
working in the library and we went out for a cup of coffee and left
o books there. When we came back, they weren’t there.
Did someone leave t here?
Clerk: Maybe. What do they look like?
Paul: Well, we both lost our math books. They are green and yellow.
Clerk: Are these y ?
Evan: Yes, I think those are ours. Let me see ... Yes, this one is Paul’s and that’s
m . They have our names in them.
Clerk: Is there anything else?
Evan: Well, I also lost m geography notebook. It’s blue. Is it here?
Clerk: Let me check ... Is this i ?
Evan: No, m doesn’t have flowers on it.
Clerk: What about this notebook?
Paul: That’s y , Evan. I recognize it.
Evan: You’re right. That’s m . Thanks a lot.
Clerk: You’re welcome.

PRACTICE 2: Wild Bears in Yosemite Park

Read the text. Then complete the text with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Follow the example.

Wild bears are becoming a problem in Yosemite Park. In the past, the bears were afraid of people and
stayed (stay) away from them. But campers and day visitors (change) the bears’ attitude
towards people.

During the day, visitors to the park have barbecues. When people cook the
meat, bears (detect) the aroma of the food and they prepare
to steal it. Bears are night animals, and they mostly go to the camp grounds
at night.

Sam Brewton, a camper, said, “We (sleep) in our tents, when

we heard something outside. We (look) out and we saw two
big brown bears. One was breaking into the car, while the other one
(eat) our food supplies. They scratched my car, and
(break) a window. I think bears (find, recommendation) their own food so we can
keep ours!”

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PRACTICE 3: Stressed Out
Read the questions. Then listen to the audio file and answer the questions. Next, listen to the audio file
again and check. Follow the example.

Example: Why is Karen stressed out?

Because of her wedding.
1. What kind of flowers do Karen and Brad want?

2. What does Brad’s mom think?

3. Does Karen want to order the cake from the Princess Bakery?

4. Why not?

5. What can Brad’s mom help with?

These activities are not for homework; we will do them in class.

ACTIVITY 1: Multiple Choice

Write the letter of the correct answer. Follow the example.
Example: Renée a her homework at this moment.
a. is doing
b. does
c. did
d. did do

1. The neighbors should clean their yard, just like we 3. I was driving to town, when I suddenly a cow
clean . on the road.
a. ours a. was seeing
b. yours b. see
c. is c. saw
d. hers d. am seeing

2. Please don’t me right now; I’m busy. 4. It’s not necessary to confirm the trip; you really .
a. appreciate a. don’t have to
b. bother b. have to
c. believe c. can’t
d. treat d. should

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 Unit 10

5. We when Sean arrived. 6. We didn’t finish the project on time, because we

a. sleep had a .
b. slept a. shot
c. are sleeping b. witness
d. were sleeping c. delay
d. groom

ACTIVITY 2: Quit smoking!

Read the paragraph. Then complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Follow the
example.

I remember the day I started (start) smoking. It was at my best

friend’s house. We (talk) while we were watching TV. His
parents (be, neg.) at home. My friend took out a pack of
cigarettes and (offer) one to me. I was curious about
smoking so I accepted the cigarette. Later, smoking
(become) a habit, and I got addicted to the nicotine in cigarettes. Now that
I want to give it up, I can’t. (existence) a group for people
like me at the local clinic. Next week, I (join) the group;
I hope I (stop, opportunity) this time.

ACTIVITY 3: Find the Mistake

Read the text. Then complete the text with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Follow the example.

Example:
Brenda sing a beautiful song at Mike’s birthday last night.
sang / Mike / this sang
1. I carried my book bag and Mary carried his.
carry / mine / hers
2. When water becomes ice, it expanded.
While / become / expands
3. Mark was had lunch while we were studying.
having / when / study
4. Should we studying a lot before the exam?
study / after
5. Alice eated lunch in the cafeteria last Friday.
ate / out / while
6. Fiona and Bill were painting the walls when Carl was fixing the windows.
was / paint / while

83
ACTIVITY 4: Guided Dialog
Read the dialog and fill in the blanks with logical words or phrases.

A: Hey, we’re going to . Do you want to come?

B: I don’t think I should with you.
A: Why not?
B: I have to .
A: Don’t worry; I can help you , then you can with us.
B: Okay. What time are you going to .
A: At about but I can come at to help you .
B: Great. See you then.

VOCABULARY REVIEW
Circle as many words as possible in the grid below. Follow the example.

belly button

84
 Unit 10

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Can you yes a little not

... talk about obligation and necessity?
... express cause and effect?
... talk about what happened in the past?
... use past continuous?
... use possessive pronouns?
... give recommendations?
... express your opinions?
What are you planning to do to understand and use these concepts and structures better?


How can your teacher help you?

85
IN-CLASS ACTIVITY: New Year’s Celebrations
Read the questions about New Year’s celebrations, and write the letter that you think is the correct answer.

1. Where do people eat 12 grapes at midnight on 6. Where do people take a suitcase and carry it
New Year’s Eve? around the house?
a. Canada a. The United States
b. Vietnam b. Venezuela
c. Spain c. The Philippines

2. Where do people play with water and throw it on 7. Where do people wear white clothes in order to
each other? have good luck during the new year?
a. Thailand a. France
b. Holland b. Papua New Guinea
c. Turkey c. Brazil

3. Where do people go to the beach to jump seven 8. Where do families dress a doll with old clothes and
waves and throw flowers in the sea? then burn it?
a. Italy a. Hungary
b. Spain b. Angola
c. Brazil c. Colombia

4. Where do they ring a bell 33 times? 9. Where do they pound rice into a glutinous form
a. Korea using a huge hammer?
b. Switzerland
c. Colombia a hammer =

5. Where do people have a lottery? a. Thailand

a. Germany b. Japan
b. Taiwan c. Indonesia
c. Greece
10. Where are people impatient and unfriendly on
December 31st?
a. Spain
b. Switzerland
c. Germany

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 Unit 10

ANSWER KEY of the food and they prepare to steal it. Bears are night
animals, and they mostly go to the camp grounds at
night.
PRACTICE 1: Lost and Found
Clerk: Sam Brewton, a camper, said, “We were sleeping in
Can I help you? our tents, when we heard something outside. We
Paul: looked out and we saw two big brown bears. One was
Yes. We lost some of our books last week. We were breaking into the car, while the other one was eating
working in the library and we went out for a cup of our food supplies. They scratched my car, and broke a
coffee and left our books there. When we came back, window. I think bears should find their own food so we
they weren’t there. Did someone leave them here? can keep ours!”
Clerk:
Maybe. What do they look like?
Paul:
Well, we both lost our Math books. They are green and
yellow. PRACTICE 3: Let’s Go
Clerk:
Are these yours? Audio script:
Evan: Karen:
Yes, I think those are ours. Let me see ... Yes, this one is Mom, I’m all stressed out about the wedding. I think
Paul’s and that’s mine. They have our names in them. I’m going crazy.
Clerk: Mom:
Is there anything else? Now, calm down, Karen. What seems to be the
Evan: problem?
Well, I also lost my geography notebook. It’s blue. Is it Karen:
here? Well, Brad and I want red roses to decorate the church,
Clerk: but his mom thinks that red roses are not appropriate.
Let me check ... Is this it? She thinks we should have lilies, not roses.
Evan: Mom:
No, mine doesn’t have flowers on it. It’s your wedding. You and Brad should choose the
Clerk: flowers you like.
What about this notebook? Karen:
Paul: That’s what I said. His mom also thinks we should
That’s yours, Evan. I recognize it. order the cake from the Princess Bakery, but I don‘t like
Evan: their cakes.
You’re right. That’s mine. Thanks a lot. Mom:
Clerk: You don’t have to order your cake there, you can order
You’re welcome. it from some other bakery.
Karen:
I know, but she thinks she has to give me her opinion
about everything.
PRACTICE 2: Wild Bears in Yosemite Park Mom:
Don’t worry, sweetie. That’s normal. When people get
married, everyone in the family wants to help. Look,
Wild bears are becoming a problem in Yosemite Park. why don’t you and Brad talk to her. Tell her that you
In the past, the bears were afraid of people and stayed are happy that she wants to help, but that you have
away them. But campers and day visitors changed the your own ideas about the wedding.
bears’ attitude towards people. Karen:
I suppose you’re right. l’m going to ask her to get
During the day, visitors to the park have barbecues. information about different musical groups to play at
When people cook the meat, bears detect the aroma the reception. She can help with that.

87
Mom: VOCABULARY REVIEW
That’s a good idea. l’m sure she’d love to do that for
you.
1. (They want) roses.
2. She doesn’t think they should have roses. / She
thinks they should have lilies.
3. No. (she doesn’t want to order the cake there).
4. Because she doesn’t like their cakes.
5. (She can help with) the musical group (for the
reception.)

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Unit 10

89