PROBABLITY AND STATISTICS

1) Which of the following is not a property of a binomial experiment [c]

a. the experiment consists of a sequence of n identical trials

b. each outcome can be referred to as a success or a failure

c. the probabilities of the two outcomes can change from one trial to the next

d. the trials are independent

2) An important application of the chi-square distribution is [d]

a. making inferences about a single population variance

b. testing for goodness of fit

c. testing for the independence of two variables

d. All of these alternatives are correct.

3) The strength (degree) of the correlation between a set of independent variables X and a

dependent variable Y is measured by [d]

a) Coefficient of Correlation b)Coefficient of Determination

c) Standard error of estimate d) All of the above

4) A coefficient of correlation is computed to be -0.95 means that [c]

a) The relationship between two variables is weak

b) The relationship between two variables is strong and positive

c) The relationship between two variables is strong and but negative

d) Correlation coefficient cannot have this value

5) coefficient of correlation values lies between [a]

a) -1 and +1 b) 0 and 1 c) -1 and 0 d) None of these

6) A perfect negative correlation is signified by [d]

a) 0 b) 1 c) 0.5 d) -1

7) If X and Y are independent to each other, the coefficient of correlation is [b]

a) -1 b) 0 c) +1 d) None

8) Two regression lines are parallel to each other if their slope is [b]

a) Different b) Same c) Negative d) None of these

9) The best fitting trend is one for which the sum of squares of error is[b]

a) Zero b) Minimum (Least) c) Maximum d) None

10) Times between two successive requests arriving, called the [a]

a) Interarrival time b) Arrival time

c) Poisson distribution d) Average residual service time

11) The main use of chi square test is --used to determine whether there s significant diff b/w expected f
observed frequencies---

12) The main use of F-test is used for testing equality of minimal to test the hypothesis of the equality of
two population

13) Chi-square distribution is curve is various from -----------------

14) If the standard deviation of chi-square distribution is 10 then its degree of freedom is--10----

15) Regression coefficient is independent of---change of the origin---------------

16) When two regression lines coincide then r is------ -1 or 1 -----------

17) The regression lines cut each other at the point of----------average of x+y----------------

18) If 2 independent distributions with m,n are degrees of freedom then the sum of the degree of freedom
is------m+n-2--------------

19) Range of t-distribution is------- -infinity to +infinity-------------

20) The application of chi-square distribution is----------goodness of fit----------.

21) In a t- distribution of sample size n, the degree of freedom are [b]

a) n b) n-1 c) n-2 d) n+1

22) chi-square distribution is [a/b]

a) continuous b) symmetrical c)multimodal d) none

23) For small samples,99% confidence limits for are---------------

24) The ratio of to should be equal to or greater than ----------

25) If r=0 then there is ------no--------correlation

26) correlation coefficient is the -------geometric------ mean between the regression coefficients.

27) The normal equations in the least square method to obtain lines of regression are -------y=a+bx------

28) The co-efficient of correlation [c]

a)cannot be positive b)cannot be negative
c)can be either positive or negative d)none

29) If the standard deviation of a Chi-square distribution is 10,then its degrees of freedom is (c)
a)25 b)49 c)50 d)none

30) Queue stands for -------------

31) The t-test is applicable to samples for which n is-------small<30------------

32) Which distribution is used to test the equality of population means ( b )

(a) chi-square distribution (b)F- distribution (c)t- distribution (d)none

33) spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation is-0.25. the sum of the squares of differences between
ranks is 105. The number of pairs in the data is ------------.

34) If the standard deviation of chi-square distribution is 10 then its degree of freedom is---9---

35) Regression coefficient is independent of--------origin----------

36) When two regression lines coincide then r is-------- -1 or 1 ------------

37) The regression lines cut each other at the point of--------average of x+y------------------

38) If 2 independent distributions with m,n are degrees of freedom then the sum of the degree of freedom
is-------m+n-2-------------

39) Range of t-distribution is----- - infinity to +infinity ---------------

40) The application of chi-square distribution is----------goodness of fit----------.

41) If r=1 then the correlation is ------positive------

42) Queue stands for -------------

43) T –test is a-------statistic------- test.

45) The value of r lies between---- -1 ----- and ----1---.

46) If r=0 then there is --------no------correlation

47) Which distribution is used to test the equality of population means ( b )

(a)chi-square distribution (b)F- distribution (c)t- distribution (d)none

48) The shape of t- distribution is similar to that of ( c )

a)chi-square distribution (b)F- distribution c) normal distribution d)none

49) In a t-distribution of sample size n, the degrees of freedom are (b )

a)n b)n-1 c)n-2 d)n+1

50) The t-test is applicable to samples for which n is------------------- Which distribution is used to test the
equality of population means ( c )

(a)chi-square distribution (b)F- distribution (c)t- distribution (d)none

51 The students t-statistic is defined as----the ratio of the departure of estimated value to its
standard error.-------
52 In t-test ,samples are assumed to be drawn from -----normal------- population
2 2
53 The ratio of σ 1 to σ 2 should be equal to or greater than ----------
54 F-test is based on the ----equality--------of two variances
55 In χ 2 -test,for a contingency table with r number of rows and c number of columns, the degrees
of freedom are ------(r-1) (c-1)------
56 χ 2 –test is a-----continuous probability distribution --------- test.

57 spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation is-0.25. the sum of the squares of differences
between ranks is 105. The number of pairs in the data is ------------.
58 if r=0 then the correlation is ----not exists--------
59 The value of R lies between---- -1 ----- and ------ 1 ------.
60 The normal equations in the least square method to obtain line of regression of X on Y is -----
∑x=na+b∑y ∑xy=a∑y+b∑y--------
61 b xy and b yx are known as -------coefficient of regression---------.
62 If r=1 then the two lines of regression------comcute------..
63 If there is low degree of correlation between X and Y then the angle between the two
lines of regression is -----less than 90--------
64 correlation is defined as statistical technique used for analyzing the behavior of two or
more variables.
65 Secular trend is defined as it is a component of the time series which gives general
tendency of data for a long period.
66 The equation of parabolic trend by the method of least square is given by ----
y=a+bx+cxsquare-------
67 Normal equations to fit a straight line to the data (X,Y) is ------------------
68 The correction factor in Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient for repeated ranks is
given by ------------
69 The fluctuation of the queue length is ------------
70 Little’s formula gives the relation between -----avg no of customes --------- and -----avg waiting
time---------
71 Define small sample……………n<=30……………………..
72 Test statistic for t-distribution for single mean… …………………………
73 time taken to service a customer is reffered to as…………….
74 FCFS means………first come first serve……………………………..
75 Arrival rate is 3 per hour; service rate is 5 per hour. the traffic intensity is…0.6 …….
76 Define time series……………………………..
77 Regression equation of x on y is …………………………
78 Rank correlation coefficient is ……………………….
79 The main use of k2(chi squared) test is ……………goodness to fit……
80 The correlation coefficient lies between…………-1 to 1………….
81 If r= 0.26 the sum of the squares of differences of ranks is 122.5 then n is [ ]

a) 10 c) 13
d) 9
b) 12
82 If two coefficients of regression are 0.1 and 0.4 then coefficient of correlation is [b]
a) 0.1 c) 0.3
b) 0.2 d) 0.4
83 Two lines of regression pass through the point [c]
a) (x, y) c) origin
b) (x, y) d) none
 84 If n=16,s=2 x=18 then 95% confidence limit for mean is[c]
a) 16.935 c) 17.935
b) 15.935 d) 14.935
85 A sample of size 2 is taken from a population whose standard deviation is 3. The
maximum error with probability is 0.95 is [ ]
a) 0.72 c) 0.735
b) 0.73 d) 0.745
86) We want to be at least 99% confidence that the error is at the most 0.03.Then sample size is
a) 1950 c) 1899
b) 1829 d)1849
87. If the size of the samples is 5, and size of population is 2000 then correction factor is [d]
a) 0.699 c) 0.899
b) b)0.799 d) 0.999
88. If correlation coefficient r = 0 then correlation if [c]
a) positive b)negative c)no relation d)semi negative
89. . If standard deviation of two samples whose sample sizes were 9 and 10 are 18 and 24
then F is [d]
a) 1.2 c) 1.6
b) 1.4 d) 1.8
90. If the coefficient of correlation between the variables x and y is –1 then the lines of
regression [coincide]
91 The t-test can be used if the sample size is---------
92 In t-test ,samples are assumed to be drawn from ------------ population
93 The ratio of σ 21 to σ 22 should be equal to or greater than ----------
94 F-statistic is given by the formula---------
95 In χ 2 -test,for a contingency table with r number of rows and c number of columns, the degrees
of freedom are ------------
96 χ 2 –test is a-------------- test.

97 If ∑ X =24, ∑ Y =44, ∑ XY =306, ∑( X )2 =164, ∑( Y )2 =574 and N=4. Then the line of
regressioin of Y on X is --------------------
98 if r=1 then the correlation is ------------
99 The value of r lies between----------- and ------------.
100 The normal equations in the least square method to obtain lines of regression are
-------------
101 b xy and b yx are known as ----------------.
102 If r=0 then the two lines of regression are ---------------- to each other.
103 If there is high degree of correlation between X and Y then the angle between
the two lines of regression is -------------
104 Time series is defined as---------------------.
105 Components of time series can be categorized as -------------------------
106 The equation of straight line trend by the method of least square is given by
-----------
107 Normal equations to fit a parabola to the data (X,Y) is ------------------
108 Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient for non repeated ranks is given by
------------
109 The arriving unit is termed as ---------------
110 The service discipline LIFO means----------

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. (a) Two horses A and B were tested according to the time ( in seconds) to run a particular track
with the following results

Horse A 28 30 32 33 33 29 34
Horse B 29 30 30 24 27 29 -
Test whether the two horses have the same running capacity. Use 5% level of significance.
(b) In a test given to two groups of students drawn from two normal populations the marks
obtained were as follows

Group A 18 20 36 50 49 36 34 49 41
Group B 29 28 26 35 30 44 46
Examine at 5 % level, whether the two populations have the same variance
2. (a) Compute Mean X, Mean Y and r form the equation of regression lines
3x + 2y-26 =0
6x + y -31 = 0
(b) In the following table recorded data shows the test scores made by 10 salesmen on an
intelligence test and their weekly sales. Compute rank correlation coefficient.

Sales 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
men
Test 50 70 50 60 80 50 90 50 60 60
scores
Sales 25 60 45 50 45 20 55 30 45 30
(Rs)
3. (a) Fit the curve y=a xb to the following data:

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 2.98 4.26 5.21 6.10 6.80 7.50

(b) Fit a straight line to the following data:

X 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
Y 3 11 20 28 35 45 53 60

4. (a) compute the trend by 4-yearly centered averages for the following data

year 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971
production 88 89 71 88 75 74 58 78 81 77 92

OR
(b) A super market has a cashier. During peak hours, customers arrive at a rate of 20/hr. The
average number of customers that can be processed by the cashier is 24/hr. Calculate
 (i)The probability that the cashier is idle.
(ii)The average number of customers in the queueing system.
(iii)The average time customer spends in the system.

5 (a) Ten soldiers participated in shooting competition in the first week. After intensive training
they participated in the competition in the second week. Their scores before and after training
are given as below

Scores 67 24 57 55 63 54 56 68 33 43
before
Scores 70 38 58 58 56 67 68 75 42 38
after
Do the data indicate that the soldiers have been benefited by the training? Use 1% level of
significance.

(b) From the following data find whether there is any significant liking in the habit of taking soft
drinks among the categories of employees

Soft drinks Clerks Teachers Officers

Pepsi 10 25 65
Thumpsup 15 30 65
Fanta 50 60 30

6 (a) The coefficient of rank correlation of marks obtained by 9 students was calculated to be
0.4. It was later discovered that the value of the difference between ranks for one student was
written wrongly as 6 instead of 8. Find the correct value of the coefficient of rank correlation

(b) Obtain the lines of regression from the following data

X 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 22 21 23
Y 12 16 14 11 15 19 22 15 16 20
bx
7 (a) Fit the curve y=a e to the following data:

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y 15.3 20.5 27.4 36.6 49.1 65.6 87.8 117.6

(b) Fit a second degree polynomial to the following data:

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 15
Y 23 5.2 9.7 16.5 29.4 35.5 54.4

8 (a) The sales of a company in millions of rupees for the years 1994-2001 are given below:

year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

sales 550 560 555 585 540 525 545 585
(i) Find the linear trend equation.
(ii) Estimate the sales for the year 1993
(iii) Find the slope of the straight line trend
 (b) Briefly explain the main characteristics of queueing theory

9 Find the rank correlation coefficient for the following data:

x 56 42 72 36 63 47 55 49 38 42 68 60

y 147 125 160 118 149 128 150 145 115 140 152 155
10 To determine whether there really is a relation between an employee’s performance in the
company’s training program and his or her ultimate success in the job, it takes a sample
of 400 cases from its very extensive files and obtains the results shown below:

Performance
Success Above Average Below
in average average
job Poor 23 60 29
Average 28 79 60
Very good 9 49 63

Use 1% level of significance to test the null hypothesis that the performance in the
training program and success in the job are independent.
11 . At the election commission office , for the Voter’s identity card, a photographer takes a
passport size photo at an average rate of 24 photos per hour. The photographer must wait
until the voter blinks or scowls, so the time to take photo is exponentially distributed.
Customers arrives at Poisson distributed average rate of 20 votes per hour. Find What is
the Utilization of Photographer. How much time , the voter has to spend at the election
commission office an average. Also find Ls , Lq , Wq
2
12 . Fit a least-squares parabola y=a+bx+cx to the following data:
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2.4 2.1 3.2 5.6 9.3 14.6 21.9

13 Pumpkins were grown under two experimental conditions. Two random samples of 11
and 9 pumpkins, show the sample s.ds of their weights as 0.8 and 0.5 resp. Assuming that
the weight distributions are normal, test hypothesis that the true variances are equal.
(Fα=3.35)

14 Find the karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation from the following data

Wages 100 101 102 102 100 99 97 98 96 95

 Cost of 98 99 99 97 95 92 95 94 90 91
living

15 Fit the parabola form y=a+bx+cx2 to the following data

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Y 2.3 5.2 9.7 16.5 29.4 35.5 54.4

16 A tollgate is operated on a frequency were cars can arrive according to a Poisson distribution
with mean frequency of 1.2 cars per minute. The time of completing payment follows an
exponential distribution with mean of 20sec. find
I) The idle time of the counter
II) The average number of cars in the system.
III) Average number of cars in the queue.
IV) Average time that a car spent in the system.
V) Average time that a car spent in the queue.
VI) Ten soldiers participated in shooting competition in the first week. After intensive training they
participated in the competition in the second week. Their scores before and after training are
given as below
VII) Do the data indicate that the soldiers have been benefited by the training?

Scores 67 24 57 55 63 54 56 68 33 43
before

Scores 70 38 58 58 56 67 68 75 42 38
after
17 The following
data gives the fields of interest and attitude to religion
Arts and Science and Total
Commerce Engineering

Conformist 109 51 160

Non 23 17 40
conformist

Total 132 68 200

Examine
whether the field of interest and attitude to religion are associated
18 Compute the co efficient and correlation and the equation of the lines of regression for the data

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Y 9 8 10 12 11 13 14
 19 Weavers in a textile mill arrive at a department store room to obtain spare parts needed for
keeping the 100ms running. The store is manned by one attendant. The average arrival rate of
weavers per hour is 10 and the service rate hour is 12. Both arrival service rate follow Poisson
process. Determine
(a) Average length of waiting time.
(b) Average time a machine spends in the system
(c) Percentage idle time of department store room.
20 Two horses A and B were tested according to the time ( in seconds) to run a particular track with
the following results
Horse 28 30 32 33 33 29 34
A

Horse 29 30 30 24 27 29 -
B
Test whether the two
horses have the same running capacity
21 The daily wages in rupees of skilled workers in two cities are as follow level the equality of Test
at 5% variances City Size of SD of wages in the of the wages distribution
in the two cities sample sample

A 16 25

B 13 32

22 Find the regression of X and Y from the following data

=24, =44, =306, =164, =574 and N=4.
23 Trains arrive at the marshalling yard at the rate 20 trains per day and the service time 40 min. If
the time capacity of the yard is limited to 6 find
a) The probability that the yard is empty.
b) The average number of trains in the system