Progressions  I.

95

2
Progressions

The chapter on progressions essentially yields common- To Find the Sum of the given Number of
sense based questions in examinations. Terms in an Arithmetic Progression
Questions in the CAT and other aptitude exams mostly
appear from either Arithmetic Progressions (more common) Let a denote the first term d, the common difference, and n
or from Geometric Progressions. the total number of terms. Also, let L denote the last term,
The chapter of progressions is a logical and natural and S the required sum; then
extension of the chapter on Number Systems, since there
n (a + L)
is such a lot of commonality of logic between the problems S =
(1)
2
associated with these two chapters. L = a + (n – 1)d (2)
n
S = ¥ [2a + (n – 1)d ] (3)
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONs 2
If any two terms of an arithmetical progression be given,
Quantities are said to be in arithmetic progression when
the series can be completely determined; for this data results
they increase or decrease by a common difference.
in two simultaneous equations, the solution of which will
Thus each of the following series forms an arithmetic give the first term and the common difference.
progression: When three quantities are in arithmetic progression, the
3, 7, 11, 15,… middle one is said to be the arithmetic mean of the other
two.
8, 2, – 4, –10,…
Thus a is the arithmetic mean between a – d and a
a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d,… + d. So, when it is required to arbitrarily consider three
The common difference is found by subtracting any term numbers in A.P. take a – d, a and a + d as the three
of the series from the next term. numbers as this reduces one unknown thereby making
That is, common difference of an A.P. = (tN – tN – 1). the solution easier.
In the first of the above examples the common difference
is 4; in the second it is –6; in the third it is d. To Find the Arithmetic Mean between any
If we examine the series a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d,… we Two given Quantities
notice that in any term the coefficient of d is always less by
one than the position of that term in the series. Let a and b be two quantities and A be their arithmetic
Thus the rth term of an arithmetic progression is given mean. Then since a, A, b, are in A.P. We must have
by Tr = a + (r – 1)d. b–A=A–a
If n be the number of terms, and if L denotes the last Each being equal to the common difference;
term or the nth term, we have
( a + b)
This gives us A =
L = a + (n – 1)d 2

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.96  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

Between two given quantities it is always possible to In order to find the 17th term of the above sequence
insert any number of terms such that the whole series thus add the common difference to the first term, sixteen times.
formed shall be in A.P. The terms thus inserted are called (Note: Sixteen, since it is one less than 17).
the arithmetic means. Similarly, in order to find the 37th term of the A.P. 3,
11 …, all you need to do is add the common difference
To Insert a given Number of Arithmetic (8 in this case), 36 times.
Means between Two given Quantities Thus, the answer is 288 + 3 = 291.
(Note: You ultimately end up doing the same thing, but
Let a and b be the given quantities and n be the number you are at an advantage since the entire solution process is
of means. reactionary.)
Including the extremes, the number of terms will then
2. Average of an A.P. and Corresponding terms of the
be n + 2 so that we have to find a series of n + 2 terms in
A.P.
A.P., of which a is the first, and b is the last term.
Let d be the common difference; Consider the A.P., 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22. If you try to find the
average of these six numbers you will get: Average = (2 +
then b = the (n + 2)th term 6 + 10 + 14 + 18 + 22)/6 = 12
a + (n + 1)d
= Notice that 12 is also the average of the first and the
last terms of the A.P. In fact, it is also the average of 6
(b - a )
Hence, d = and 18 (which correspond to the second and 5th terms of
(n + 1)
the A.P.). Further, 12 is also the average of the 3rd and 4th
and the required means are terms of the A.P.
(Note: In this A.P. of six terms, the average was the same
(b - a ) 2 (b - a ) n(b - a ) as the average of the 1st and 6th terms. It was also given
a+ ,a+ , a +
n -1 n +1 n +1 by the average of the 2nd and the 5th terms, as well as that
of the 3rd and 4th terms. )
Till now we have studied A.P.s in their mathematical We can call each of these pairs as “CORRESPONDING
context. This was important for you to understand the basic TERMS” in an A.P.
mathematical construct of A.P.s. However, you need to What you need to understand is that every A.P. has an
understand that questions on A.P. are seldom solved on average.
a mathematical basis, (Especially under the time pressure And for any A.P., the average of any pair of correspond-
that you are likely to face in the CAT and other aptitude ing terms will also be the average of the A.P.
exams). In such situations the mathematical processes for
solving progressions based questions are likely to fail or at If you try to notice the sum of the term numbers of the
the very least, be very tedious. Hence, understanding the pair of corresponding terms given above:
following logical aspects about Arithmetic Progressions 1st and 6th (so that 1 + 6 = 7)
is likely to help you solve questions based on APs in the 2nd and 5th (hence, 2 + 5 =7)
context of an aptitude exam. 3rd and 4th (hence, 3 + 4 = 7)
Let us look at these issues one by one:
Note:  In each of these cases, the sum of the term numbers
1. Process for finding the nth term of an A.P.
for the terms in a corresponding pair is one greater than
Suppose you have to find the 17th term of the
A.P. 3, 7, 11……. the number of terms of the A.P.
The conventional mathematical process for this question This rule will hold true for all A.P.s.
would involve using the formula. For example, if an A.P. has 23 terms then for instance, you
Tn = a + (n – 1) d can predict that the 7th term will have the 17th term as
Thus, for the 17th term we would do its corresponding term, or for that matter the 9th term will
T17 = 3 + (17 –1) ¥ 4 = 3 + 16 ¥ 4 = 67 have the 15th term as its corresponding term. (Since 24 is
Most students would mechanically insert the values for a, one more than 23 and 7 + 17 = 9 + 15 = 24.)
n and d and get this answer. 3. Process for finding the sum of an A.P.
However, if you replace the above process with a thought Once you can find a pair of corresponding terms for any
algorithm, you will get the answer much faster. A.P., you can easily find the sum of the A.P. by using the
The algorithm goes like this: property of averages:

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions  I.97

i.e., Sum = Number of terms ¥ Average. Let us explore these two types of A.P.s further:
In fact, this is the best process for finding the sum of an (A) Increasing A.P.s:
A.P. It is much more superior than the process of finding Every term of an increasing A.P. is greater than the previ-
n ous term.
the sum of an A.P. using the expression (2a+(n–1)d).
2 Depending on the value of the first term, we can construct
4. Finding the common difference of an A.P., given 2 two graphs for sum of an increasing A.P.
terms of an A.P. Case 1:  When the first term of the increasing A.P. is
Suppose you were given that an A.P. had its 3rd term as positive. In such a case the sum of the A.P. will show a
8 and its 8th term as 28. You should visualise this A.P. as continuously increasing graph which will look like the one
– , – , 8 , – , – , –, – , 28. shown in the figure below:
From the above figure, you can easily visualise that to
move from the third term to the eighth term, (8 to 28) you
need to add the common difference five times. The net
addition being 20, the common difference should be 4.
Illustration: Find the sum of an A.P. of 17 terms, whose
3rd term is 8 and 8th term is 28. Sum to ‘n’
terms
Solution: Since we know the third term and the eighth term,
we can find the common difference as 4 by the process
illustrated above.
The total = 17 ¥ Average of the A.P.
Our objective now shifts into the finding of the average of ‘n’
the A.P. In order to do so, we need to identify either the Number of terms.
10th term (which will be the corresponding term for the 8th
term) or the 15th term (which will be the corresponding Case 2:  When the first term of the increasing A.P. is nega-
term for the 3rd term.) tive. In such a case, the Sum of the A.P. plotted against the
Again: Since the 8th term is 28 and d = 4, the 10th term number of terms will give the following figure:
becomes 28 + 4 + 4 = 36.
Thus, the average of the A.P.
= Average of 8th and 10th terms
= (28 + 36)/2 = 32. Sum to ‘n’
Hence, the required answer is sum of the A.P. = 17 ¥ 32 terms
= 544.
The logic that has applied here is that the difference in
the term numbers will give you the number of times the
common difference is used to get from one to the other
term. ‘n’ number of terms
For instance, if you know that the difference between the
7th term and 12th term of an AP is –30, you should realise
that 5 times the common difference will be equal to –30.
The specific case of the sum to n1 terms being equal to
(Since 12 – 7 = 5).
the sum to n2 terms.
Hence, d = – 6.
In the series case 2 above, there is a possibility of
Note:  Replace this algorithmic thinking in lieu of the the sum to ‘n’ terms being repeated for 2 values of ‘n’.
mathematical thinking of: However, this will not necessarily occur.
This issue will get clear through the following example:
12th term = a + 11d
Consider the following series:
7th term = a + 6d
Series 1: –12, –8, –4, 0, 4, 8, 12
Hence, difference = –30 = (a + 11d) – (a + 6d) As is evident the sum to 2 terms and the sum to 5 terms in
– 30 = 5d this case is the same. Similarly, the sum to 3 terms is the
\ d = –6. same as the sum to 4 terms. This can be written as:

5. Types of A.P.s: Increasing and Decreasing A.P.s. S2 = S5 and S3 = S4.

Depending on whether ‘d’ is positive or negative, an A.P. In other words the sum to n1 terms is the same as the
can be increasing or decreasing. sum to n2 terms.

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.98  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

Such situations arise for increasing A.P.s where the first The constant factor is also called the common ratio and
term is negative. But as we have already stated that this it is found by dividing any term by the term immediately
does not happen for all such cases. preceding it.
Consider the following A.P.s. If we examine the series a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4,…
Series 2 : –8, –3, +2, + 7, + 12… we notice that in any term the index of r is always less by
Series 3 : –13, –7, –1, + 5, + 11… one than the number of the term in the series.
Series 4 : –12, –6, 0, 6, 12 … If n be the number of terms and if l denote the last, or
Series 5 : –15, –9, –3, + 3, 9, 15 … nth term, we have
Series 6 : –20, –12, –4, 4 , 12, … l = arn – 1
If you check the series listed above, you will realise that
this occurrence happens in the case of Series 1, Series 4, When three quantities are in geometrical progression,
Series 5 and Series 6 while in the case of Series 2 and Series the middle one is called the geometric mean between the
other two. While arbitrarily choosing three numbers in GP,
3 the same value is not repeated for the sum of the Series.
we take a/r, a and ar. This makes it easier since we come
A clear look at the two series will reveal that this
down to two variables for the three terms.
phenomenon occurs in series which have what can be called
a balance about the number zero.
Another issue to notice is that in Series 4, To Find the Geometric Mean between
S2 = S3 and S1 = S4 two given Quantities
While in series 5, Let a and b be the two quantities; G the geometric mean.
S1 = S5 and S2 = S4. Then since a, G, b are in G.P.,
In the first case (where ‘0’ is part of the series) the sum b/G = G/a
is equal for two terms such that one of them is odd and Each being equal to the common ratio
the other is even.
G2 = ab
In the second case on the other hand (when ‘0’ is not
part of the series) the sum is equal for two terms such that Hence G = ab
both are odd or both are even.
Also notice that the sum of the term numbers which To Insert a given Number of Geometric
exhibit equal sums is constant for a given A.P. Means between two given Quantities
Consider the following question which appeared in CAT
2004 and is based on this logic: Let a and b be the given quantities and n the required num-
The sum to 12 terms of an A.P. is equal to the sum to 18 ber of means to be inserted. In all there will be n + 2 terms
terms. What will be the sum to 30 terms for this series? so that we have to find a series of n + 2 terms in G.P. of
which a is the first and b the last.
Solution: If  S12 = S18, S11 = S19… and S0 = S30
Let r be the common ratio;
But Sum to zero terms for any series will always be 0.
Hence S30 = 0. Then b = the (n + 2)th term = arn + 1;
b
Note:  The solution to this problem does not take more \ r (n + 1) =
than 10 seconds if you know this logic a
1
(B)  Decreasing A.P.s. b n +1
\ r = Ê ˆ (1)
Similar to the cases of the increasing A.P.s, we can have Ë a¯
two cases for decreasing APs ­— Hence the required number of means are ar, ar2, … arn,
Case 1— Decreasing A.P. with first term negative. where r has the value found in (1).
Case 2— Decreasing A.P. with first term positive.
I leave it to the reader to understand these cases and
To Find the Sum of a Number of Terms in
deduce that whatever was true for increasing A.P.s with
first term negative will also be true for decreasing A.P.s a Geometric Progression
with first term positive. Let a be the first term, r the common ratio, n the number
of terms, and Sn be the sum to n terms.
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION If r > 1, then
a (r n - 1)
Quantities are said to be in Geometric Progression when Sn = (1)
they increase or decrease by a constant factor. (r - 1)

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions  I.99

If r < 1, then (3)  Decreasing G.P.s type 1:

a (r n - 1) These G.P.s have their first term positive and common
Sn = (2) ratio less than 1.
(r - 1)
e.g: 12, 6, 3, 1.5, 0.75 …..
Note:  It will be convenient to remember both forms given
above for S. Number (2) will be used in all cases except
when r is positive and greater than one. Sum

Sum of an infinite geometric progression when r < 1

Relationship between
a number of terms and
S• = sum of G.P.
(1 - r ) No. of terms

Obviously, this formula is used only when the common

ratio of the G.P. is less than one.
Similar to A.P.s, G.P.s can also be logically viewed.
Based on the value of the common ratio and its first term
a G.P. might have one of the following structures: (4)  Decreasing G.P.s type 2:
(1)  Increasing G.P.s type 1: First term negative and common ratio greater than 1.
A G.P. with first term positive and common ratio greater e.g: –2, –6, –18 ….
than 1. This is the most common type of G.P., In this case the relationship looks like.
e.g: 3, 6, 12, 24…(A G.P. with first term 3 and common
ratio 2)
The plot of the sum of the series with respect to the number
of terms in such a case will appear as follows:

Sum to ‘n’
terms

Number of terms ‘n’

(2)  Increasing G.P.s type 2: HARMONIC PROGRESSION

A G.P. with first term negative and common ratio less than 1. Three quantities a, b, c are said to be in Harmonic Progres-
e.g: –8, –4,–2, –1, – …… ( a - b)
As you can see in this G.P. all terms are greater than their sion when a /c = .
(b - c)
previous terms.
[The following figure will illustrate the relationship between In general, if a, b, c, d are in A.P. then 1/a, 1/b, 1/c
the number of terms and the sum to ‘n’ terms in this case] and 1/d are all in H.P.
Any number of quantities are said to be in harmonic
progression when every three consecutive terms are in
harmonic progression.
The reciprocals of quantities in harmonic progression
‘no. of terms’ are in arithmetic progression. This can be proved as:
n By definition, if a, b, c are in harmonic progression,
a ( a - b)
=
Sum to ‘n’ c (b - c)
terms
\ a(b – c) = c(a – b),
dividing every term by abc, we get

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.100  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

The arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic means

È1 - 1 = 1 - 1 ˘
ÍÎ c b b a ˙˚ between any two positive quantities are in descending
order of magnitude.
which proves the proposition. As we have already seen in the Back to school section
of this block there are some number series which have a
There is no general formula for the sum of any num- continuously decreasing value from one term to the next
ber of quantities in harmonic progression. Questions — and such series have the property that they have what
in H.P. are generally solved by inverting the terms, can be defined as the sum of infinite terms. Questions on
and making use of the properties of the correspond- such series are very common in most aptitude exams. Even
ing A.P. though they cannot be strictly said to be under the domain
of progressions, we choose to deal with them here.
To Find the Harmonic Mean between Consider the following question which appeared in CAT
two given Quantities 2003.
Find the infinite sum of the series:
Let a, b be the two quantities, H their harmonic mean; then
4 9 16 25
1/a, 1/H and 1/b are in A.P.; 1+ + 2 + 3 + 4 +.......
7 7 7 7
1 1 1 1 (a) 27/14 (b) 21/13
\ - = -
H a b H (c) 49/27 (d) 256/147
2 1 1 Solution:  Such questions have two alternative widely di-
= + vergent processes to solve them.
H a b
The first relies on mathematics using algebraic solving.
2ab Unfortunately, this process being overly mathematical
i.e. H = requires a lot of writing and hence is not advisable to be
( a + b)
used in an aptitude exam.
The other process is one where we try to predict the
THEOREMS RELATED WITH approximate value of the sum by taking into account the
PROGRESSIONS first few significant terms. (This approach is possible to use
If A, G, H are the arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic because of the fact that in such series we invariably reach
means between a and b, we have the point where the value of the next term becomes
insignificant and does not add substantially to the sum). After
a + bˆ
A = Ê (1) adding the significant terms we are in a position to guess
Ë 2 ¯ the approximate value of the sum of the series.
Let us look at the above question in order to understand
G = ab (2)
the process.
2ab In the given series the values of the terms are:
H = (3)
( a + b) First term = 1
Second term = 4/7 = 0.57
( a + b) 2ab
Therefore, A ¥ H = ¥ = ab = G2 Third term = 9/63 = 0.14
2 ( a + b)
Fourth term = 16/343 = 0.04
that is, G is the geometric mean between A and H.
Fifth term = 25/2401 = 0.01
From these results we see that
Addition upto the fifth term is approximately 1.76.
a+b (a + b - 2 ab ) Options (b) and (d) are smaller than 1.76 in value and
A – G = - ab =
2 2 hence cannot be correct.
2 That leaves us with options 1 and 3.
È( a - b)˘ Option 1 has a value of 1.92 approximately while option
= Í ˙
Î 2 ˚ 3 has a value of 1.81 approximately.
which is positive if a and b are positive. Therefore, the At this point you need to make a decision about how
arithmetic mean of any two positive quantities is greater much value the remaining terms of the series would add
than their geometric mean. to 1.76 (sum of the first 5 terms)
Also from the equation G2 = AH, we see that G is Looking at the pattern we can predict that the sixth
intermediate in value between A and H; and it has been proved term will be
that A > G , therefore G > H and A > G > H. 36/75 = 36/16807 = 0.002 (approx.)

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions  I.101

And the seventh term would be 49/76 = 49/117649 =

0.0004 (approx.). Useful Results (Contd )
The eighth term will obviously become much smaller.
It can be clearly visualised that the residual terms in
the series are highly insignificant. Based on this judgement
This is given by : S = {
n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
6 }
you realise that the answer will not reach 1.92 and will 9. To find the sum of the cubes of the first n natural
be restricted to 1.81. Hence the answer will be option 3. numbers.
Try using this process to solve other questions of this Let the sum be denoted by S; then
nature whenever you come across them. (There are a few S = 13 + 23 + 33 +…+ n3
such questions inserted in the LOD exercises of this chapter)
2
n (n + 1) ˘
S = ÈÍ
Useful Results Î 2 ˚˙
Thus, the sum of the cubes of the first n natural
1. If the same quantity be added to, or subtracted from, numbers is equal to the square of the sum of these
all the terms of an A.P., the resulting terms will form numbers.
an A.P., but with the same common difference as 10. To find the sum of the first n odd natural numbers.
before.
S = 1 + 3 + 5 + … + (2n – 1) Æ n2
2. If all the terms of an A.P. be multiplied or divided by
the same quantity, the resulting terms will form an 11. To find the sum of the first n even natural numbers.
A.P., but with a new common difference, which will S = 2 + 4 + 6 + … + 2n Æ n(n + 1)
be the multiplication/division of the old common = n2 + n
difference. (as the case may be)
12. To find the sum of odd numbers £ n where n is a
3. If all the terms of a G.P. be multiplied or divided by
natural number:
the same quantity, the resulting terms will form a
G.P. with the same common ratio as before. Case A: If n is odd Æ [(n + 1)/2]2
4. If a, b, c, d, …. are in G.P., they are also in continued Case B: If n is even Æ [n/2]2
proportion, since, by definition, 13. To find the sum of even numbers £ n where n is a
a/b = b/c = c/d = … = 1/r natural number:
Conversely, a series of quantities in continued Case A: If n is even Æ {(n/2)[(n/2) + 1]}
proportion may be represented by x, xr, xr2,… Case B: If n is odd Æ [(n – 1)/2][(n + 1)/2]
5. If you have to assume 3 terms in A.P., assume them
as 14. Number of terms in a count:
a – d, a, a + d or as a, a + d and a + 2d  If we are counting in steps of 1 from n1 to n2
including both the end points, we get (n2 – n1) + 1
For assuming 4 terms of an A.P. we use: a – 3d,
numbers.
a – d, a + d and a + 3d
 If we are counting in steps of 1 from n1 to n2
For assuming 5 terms of an A.P., take them as:
including only one end, we get (n2 – n1) numbers.
a – 2d, a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d.  If we are counting in steps of 1 from n1 to n2
These are the most convenient in terms of problem excluding both ends, we get (n2 – n1) –1 numbers.
solving. Example: Between 16 and 25 both included there
6. For assuming three terms of a G.P. assume them as are 9 + 1 = 10 numbers.
a, ar and ar2 or as a/r, a and ar Between 100 and 200 both excluded there are
100 – 1 = 99 numbers.
7. To find the sum of the first n natural numbers
 If we are counting in steps of 2 from n1 to n2
Let the sum be denoted by S; then
including both the end points, we get [(n2 –
S = 1 + 2 + 3+…..+ n, is given by n1)/2] +1 numbers.
n (n + 1)  If we are counting in steps of 2 from n1 to n2
S = including only one end, we get [(n2 – n1)/2]
2
numbers.
8. To find the sum of the squares of the first n natural
 If we are counting in steps of 2 from n1 to n2
numbers
excluding both ends, we get [(n2 – n1)/2] –1
Let the sum be denoted by S; then
numbers.
S = 12 + 22 + 32 +…..+ n2
Contd Contd

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.102  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

Useful Results (Contd ) Useful Results (Contd )

 If we are counting in steps of 3 from n1 to n2  If we are counting in steps of “x” from n1 to n2

including both the end points, we get [(n2 – n1)/3] including only one end, we get (n2 – n1)/x numbers.
+ 1 numbers.  If we are counting in steps of “x” from n1 to n2 ex-
 If we are counting in steps of 3 from n1 to n2 cluding both ends, we get [(n2 – n1)/x] – 1 numbers.
including only one end, we get [(n2 – n1)/3]
For instance, if we have to find how many terms are
numbers.
there in the series 107, 114, 121, 128 ... 254, then
 If we are counting in steps of 3 from n1 to n2,
we have
excluding both ends, we get [(n2 – n1)/3] – 1
numbers. (254 – 107)/7 + 1 = 147/7 + 1 = 21 + 1 = 22 terms
in the series
Example: Number of numbers between 100 and
200 divisible by three. Of course, an appropriate adjustment will have to
be made when n2 does not fall into the series. This
Solution:  The first number is 102 and the last will be done as follows:
number is 198. Hence, answer = (96/3) + 1 = 33 (since
For instance, if we have to find how many terms of
both 102 and 198 are included).
the series 107, 114, 121, 128 ... are below 258, then
Alternately, highest number below 100 that is
we have by the formula:
divisible by 3 is 99, and the lowest number above 200
which is divisible by 3 is 201. (258 – 107)/7 + 1 = 151/7 + 1 = 21.57 + 1. = 22.57.
Hence, 201 – 99 = 102 Æ 102/3 = 34 Æ Answer = This will be adjusted by taking the lower integral
34 – 1 = 33 (Since both ends are not included.) value = 22. Æ The number of terms in the series
below 258.
In general
The student is advised to try and experiment on these
 If we are counting in steps of x from n1 to n2 principles to get a clear picture.
including both the end points, we get [(n2 – n1)/x]
+ 1 numbers.

Contd

Space for Notes

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions I.103

WORkED-OUT PROBLEMS

Problem 2.1 Two persons—Ramu Dhobi and Kalu Mochi Problem 2.4 If x, y, z are in G.P., then 1/(1 + log10x), 1/
have joined Donkey-work Associates. Ramu Dhobi and
(1 + log10y) and 1/(1 + log10z) will be in:
Kalu Mochi started with an initial salary of ` 500 and
` 640, respectively with annual increments of ` 25 and (a) A.P. (b) G.P.
` 20 each respectively. In which year will Ramu Dhobi (c) H.P. (d) Cannot be said
start earning more salary than Kalu Mochi?
Solution Go through the options.
Solution The current difference between the salaries of Checking option (a), the three will be in A.P. if the 2nd
the two is ` 140. The annual rate of reduction of this expression is the average of the 1st and 3rd expressions.
dfference is ` 5 per year. At this rate, it will take Ramu
This can be mathematically written as
Dhobi 28 years to equalise his salary with Kalu Dhobi’s
salary. 2/(1 + log10 y) = [1/(1 + log10x)] + [1/(1 + log10z)]
Thus, in the 29th year he will earn more.
This problem should be solved while reading and the [1 + (1 + log10 x) + 1 + (1 + log10 z )]
=
thought process should be 140/5 = 28. Hence, answer is [(1 + log10 x)(1 + log10 z )
29th year.
[2 + log10 xz ]
Problem 2.2 Find the value of the expression =
(1 + log10 x) (1 + log10 z )
1 – 6 + 2 – 7 + 3 – 8 +……… to 100 terms
(a) – 250 (b) –500 Applying our judgement, there seems to be no indication
(c) –450 (d) –300 that we are going to get a solution.
Solution The series (1 – 6 + 2 – 7 + 3 – 8 +……… to Checking option (b),
100 terms) can be rewritten as: [1/(1 + log10y)]2 = [1/(1 + log10x)] [1/(1 + log10z)]
fi (1 + 2 + 3 + … to 50 terms) – (6 + 7 + 8 + … to 50
terms) = [1/(1 + log10(x + z) + log10xz)]
Both these are AP’s with values of a and d as Æ Again we are trapped and any solution is not in sight.
a = 1, n = 50 and d = 1 and a = 6, n = 50 and d = 1, Checking option (c),
respectively. 1/(1 + log10x ), 1/(1 + log10 y) and 1/(1 + log10z) are in
Using the formula for sum of an A.P. we get: HP then 1 + log10 x, 1 + log10y and 1 + log10z will be in A.P.
Æ 25(2 + 49) – 25(12 + 49) So, log10x, log10 y and log10z will also be in A.P.
Æ 25(51 – 61) = –250 Hence, 2 log10 y = log10x + log10z
Alternatively, we can do this faster by considering fi y2 = xz which is given.
(1 – 6), (2 – 7), and so on as one unit or one term.
So, (c) is the correct option.
1 – 6 = 2 – 7 = … = –5. Thus the above series is
Alternatively, you could have solved through the
equivalent to a series of fifty – 5’s added to each other.
following process.
So, (1 – 6) + (2 – 7) + (3 – 8) + … 50 terms = –5 ¥ 50
x, y and z are given as logarithmic functions.
= –250
Problem 2.3 Find the sum of all numbers divisible by 6 Assume x = 1, y = 10 and z = 100 as x, y, z are in G.P.
in between 100 to 400. So, 1 + log10x = 1, 1 + log10 y = 2 and 1 + log10z = 3
Solution Here 1st term = a = 102 (which is the 1st term fi Thus we find that since 1, 2 and 3 are in A.P., we can
greater than 100 that is divisible by 6.) assume that
The last term less than 400, which is divisible by 6 is 396.
1 + log10x , 1 + log10 y and 1 + log10z are in A.P.
The number of terms in the AP; 102, 108, 114…396 is
given by [(396 – 102)/6] + 1= 50 numbers. fi Hence, by definition of an H.P. we have that 1/(1 +
Common difference = d = 6 log10x), 1/(1 + log10 y ) and 1/(1 + log10z) are in H.P. Hence,
So, S = 25 (204 + 294) = 12450 option (c) is the required answer.

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.104  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

Author’s Note: In my experience I have always found Solution  Spot that the above series is a combination of
that the toughest equations and factorisations get solved two A.P.s.
very easily when there are options, by assuming values The 1st A.P. is (1 + 6 + 11 +…) and the 2nd A.P. is (4 +
in place of the variables in the equation. The values of 5 + 6 +…)
the variables should be taken in such a manner that Since the terms of the two series alternate, S = (1 + 6 +
the basic restrictions put on the variables should be 11 +… to 100 terms) + (4 + 5 + 6 + … to 100 terms)
respected. For example, if an expression in three variables 100[2 ¥ 1 + 99 ¥ 5] 100[2 ¥ 4 + 99 ¥ 1]
= + Æ (Using the
a, b and c is given and it is mentioned that a + b + c = 2 2
0 then the values that you assume for a, b and c should formula for the sum of an AP)
satisfy this restriction. Hence, you should look at values = 50[497 + 107] = 50[604] = 30200
like 1, 2 and –3 or 2, –1, –1, etc. Alternatively, we can treat every two consecutive terms
This process is especially useful in the case where the as one.
question as well as the options both contain expressions. So we will have a total of 100 terms of the nature:
Factorisation and advanced techniques of maths are then (1 + 4) + (6 + 5) + (11 + 6) … Æ 5, 11, 17…
not required. This process will be very beneficial for
Now, a = 5, d = 6 and n = 100
students who are weak at Mathematics.
Hence the sum of the given series is
Problem 2.5  Find t10 and S10 for the following series: 100
S = ¥ [2 ¥ 5 + 99 ¥ 6]
1, 8, 15,… 2
= 50[604] = 30200
Solution  This is an A.P. with first term 1 and common
difference 7. Problem 2.9  How many terms of the series –12, –9,
t10 = a + (n – 1) d = 1 + 9 ¥ 7 = 64 –6,… must be taken that the sum may be 54?

n [2a + (n - 1)d ] Solution  Here S = 54, a = –12, d = 3, n is unknown and

S10 = has to be calculated. To do so we use the formula for the
2
sum of an AP and get.
10 [2(1) + (10 - 1)7]
= = 325 [2 (-12) + (n - 1)3]n
2 54 =
2
Alternatively, if the number of terms is small, you can
or 108 = –24n – 3n + 3n2 or 3n2 – 27n – 108 = 0
count it directly.
or n2 – 9n – 36 = 0, or n2 – 12n + 3n – 36 = 0
Problem 2.6  Find t18 and S18 for the following series:
n(n – 12) + 3(n – 12) = 0 fi (n + 3) (n – 12) = 0
2, 8, 32, … The value of n (the number of terms) cannot be negative.
Solution  This is a G.P. with first term 2 and common Hence – 3 is rejected.
ratio 4. So we have n = 12
t18 = arn – 1 = 2.417 Alternatively, we can directly add up individual terms
and keep adding manually till we get a sum of 54. We
a (r n - 1) 2 (418 - 1) will observe that this will occur after adding 12 terms. (In
S18 = =
r -1 (4 - 1) this case, as also in all cases where the number of terms is
Problem 2.7  Is the series 1, 4,… to n terms an A.P., or a mentally manageable, mentally adding the terms till we get
GP, or an HP, or a series which cannot be determined? the required sum will turn out to be much faster than the
equation based process.
Solution  To determine any progression, we should have
at least three terms. Problem 2.10  Find the sum of n terms of the series 1.2.4
If the series is an A.P. then the next term of this series + 2.3.5 + 3.4.6 + …
will be 7 (a) n(n + 1)(n + 2)
Again, if the next term is 16, then this will be a GP (b) (n(n + 1)/12)(3n2 + 19n + 26)
series (1, 4, 16 …) (c) ((n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3))/4
So, we cannot determine the nature of the progression (d) (n2 (n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3))/3
of this series.
Solution  In order to solve such problems in the exami-
Problem 2.8  Find the sum to 200 terms of the series nation, the option-based approach is the best. Even if you
1 + 4 + 6 + 5 + 11 + 6 +… can find out the required expression mathematically, it is
(a) 30,200 (b) 29,800 advisable to solve through the options as this will end up
(c) 30,200 (d) None of these saving a lot of time for you. Use the options as follows:

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions  I.105

If we put n = 1, we should get the sum as 1.2.4 = 8. By Option (b) gives a value of 38.
substituting n = 1 in each of the four options we will get Option (d) gives a value of 80.
the following values for the sum to 1 term: Hence, we can reject option (d) and get (b) as the answer.
Option (a) gives a value of: 6
Option (b) gives a value of: 8 Note:  The above process is very effective for solv-
Option (c) gives a value of: 6 ing questions having options. The student should try
Option (d) gives a value of: 8 to keep an eye open for the possibility of solving
From this check we can reject the options (a) and (c). questions through options. In my opinion, approxi-
Now put n = 2. You can see that up to 2 terms, the mately 50–75% of the questions asked in CAT in
expression is 1.2.4 + 2.3.5 = 38. the QA section can be solved with options (at least
The correct option should also give 38 if we put n = 2 partially).
in the expression. Since, (a) and (c) have already been
rejected, we only need to check for options (b) and (d).

Space for Rough Work

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.106  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

Level of Difficulty (I)

1. There is an AP 11, 13, 15.... Which term of this AP if he starts working on the 1st of April and finishes
is 65? on the 20th of April?
(a) 25th (b) 26th (a) 10.220 (b) 10.220 − 10
20
(c) 27th (d) 28th (c) 10.2 − 1 (d) 219
2. Find the 25th term of the sequence 50, 45, 40, ... 13. Find the sum of all numbers in between 1–100 ex-
(a) −55 (b) −65 cluding all those numbers which are divisible by 7.
(c) −70 (d) −75 (Include 1 and 100 for counting.)
3. If Ajit saves Rs. 400 more each year than he did the (a) 4315 (b) 4245
year before and if he saves Rs. 2000 in the first year, (c) 4320 (d) 4160
after how many years will his savings be more than 14. The 3rd and 8th term of a GP are 1/3 and 81, re-
Rs.100000 altogether? spectively. Find the 2nd term.
(a) 19 years (b) 20 years (a) 3 (b) 1
(c) 21 years (d) 18 years (c) 1/27 (d) 1/9
4. The 6th and 20th terms of an AP are 8 and −20 15. The sum of 5 numbers in AP is 35 and the sum of
respectively. Find the 30th term. their squares is 285. Which of the following is the
(a) −34 (b) −40 third term?
(c) −32 (d) −30 (a) 5 (b) 7
5. How many terms are there in the AP 10, 15, 20, (c) 6 (d) 8
25,... 120? 16. The number of terms of the series 26 + 24 + 22 +...
(a) 21 (b) 22 such that the sum is 182 is
(c) 23 (d) 24 (a) 13 (b) 14
6. Find the number of terms of the series 1/27, 1/9, (c) Both a and b (d) 15
1/3,... 729. 17. Find the lowest number in an AP such that the sum
(a) 10 (b) 11 of all the terms is 105 and greatest term is 6 times
(c) 12 (d) 13 the least.
7. If the fifth term of a G.P. is 80 and first term is 5, (a) 5 (b) 10
what will be the 4th term of the G.P.? (c) 15 (d) (a), (b) & (c)
(a) 20 (b) 15 18. Find the general term of the GP with the third term
(c) 40 (d) 25 1 and the seventh term 8.
8. Binay was appointed to Mindworkzz in the pay scale (a) (23/4)n−3 (b) (23/2)n−3
3/4 3−n
of 12000–1500–22,500. Find how many years he will (c) (2 ) (d) (23/4)2−n
take to reach the maximum of the scale. 19. The sum of the first and the third term of a geometric
(a) 7 years (b) 8 years progression is 15 and the sum of its first three terms
(c) 9 years (d) 10 years is 21. Find the progression.
9. How many natural numbers between 100 to 500 are (a) 3,6,12… (b) 12, 6, 3...
multiples of 9? (c) Both of these (d) None of these
(a) 44 (b) 48 20. Ishita’s salary is Rs.5000 per month in the first year.
(c) 47 (d) 50 She has joined in the scale of 5000-500-10000. After
10. The sum of the first 20 terms of an AP whose first how many years will her expenses be 64,800?
term and third term are 25 and 35, respectively is (a) 8 years (b) 7 years
(a) 1200 (b) 1250 (c) 6 years (d) Cannot be determined
(c) 1400 (d) 1450 21. A sum of money kept in a bank amounts to Rs. 1500
11. A number 39 is divided into three parts which are in 5 years and Rs. 2000 in 10 years at simple interest.
in A.P. and the sum of their squares is 515. Find the Find the sum.
largest number. (a) Rs. 1250 (b) Rs. 1200
(a) 17 (b) 15 (c) Rs. 1150 (d) Rs. 1000
(c) 13 (d) 11 22. The sum of three numbers in a G.P. is 13 and the
12. Sushil agrees to work at the rate of 10 rupee on the sum of their squares is 91. Find the smallest number.
first day, 20 rupees on the second day, 40 rupees on (a) 1 (b) 3
the third day and so on. How much will Sushil get (c) 4 (d) 12

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions  I.107

23. Find the 1st term of an AP whose 8th and 12th terms 35. A man saves Rs. 1000 in January 2015 and increases
are respectively 60 and 80. his saving by Rs. 500 every month over the previous
(a) 15 (b) 20 month. What is the annual saving for the man in the
(c) 25 (d) 30 year 2015?
24. The first term of an arithmetic progression is 13 and (a) Rs. 40000 (b) Rs .45000
the common difference is 4. Which of the following (c) Rs. 42000 (d) Rs. 41000
will be a term of this AP? 36. Find the 23rd term of the sequence: 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12,
(a) 4003 (b) 10091 13, 16, 17, .....
(c) 7881 (d) 13631 (a) 33 (b) 39
25. Anuj receives Rs. 600 for the first week and Rs. 30 (c) 45 (d) 43
more each week than the preceding week. How much 37. If loga, logb, logc are in A.P., then the GM of a &
does he earn by the 30th week? c is
(a) 31050 (b) 32320 (a) b (b) b2
4
(c) 32890 (d) 32900 (c) b (d) None of these.
26. A number of squares are described whose areas are 38. Each of the series 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 +.... and 4 + 7 +
in G.P. Then their sides will be in 10 +... is continued to 1000 terms. Find how many
(a) A.P. (b) G.P. terms are identical between the two series.
(c) H.P. (d) Nothing can be said (a) 335 (b) 334
27. How many terms are there in the G.P. 5, 10, 20, (c) 332 (d) 333
40,... 1280? 39. Find the sum of the series till 23rd terms for the
(a) 6 (b) 8 series: 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17, ......
(c) 9 (d) 10 (a) 585 (b) 560
28. The least value of n for which the sum of the series (c) 540 (d) 520
5 + 10 + 15... n terms is not less than 765 is 40. What is the maximum sum of the terms in the arith-
(a) 17 (b) 18 metic progression 25, 24, 23, 22……?
(c) 19 (d) 20 (a) 325 (b) 345
29. Four geometric means are inserted between 5 and (c) 332.5 (d) 350
160. Find the 2nd geometric mean. th
41. If 8 term of an A.P. is the geometric mean of the
(a) 80 (b) 40 1st and 22nd terms of the same A.P. Find the common
(c) 10 (d) 20 difference of the A.P., given that the sum of the first
30. The seventh term of a GP is 4 times the 5th term. twenty-two terms of the A.P. is 770.
What will be the first term when its 4th term is 40? (a) Either 1 or 1/2 (b) 2
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) Either 1 or 2
(c) 3 (d) 2 42. How many terms of the series 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ….
31. How many terms are identical in the two A.P.s 21, amount to 1234567654321?
23, 25,... up to 120 terms and 23, 26, 29,... up to 80 (a) 1110111 (b) 1111011
terms? (c) 1011111 (d) 1111111
(a) 39 (b) 40 43. Tom and Jerry were playing mathematical puzzles
(c) 41 (d) None of these. with each other. Jerry drew a square of sides 32 cm
32. The sum of the first four terms of an A.P. is 56 and and then kept on drawing squares inside the squares
sum of the first eight terms of the same A.P. is 176. by joining the mid points of the squares. She con-
Find the sum of the first 16 terms of the A.P.? tinued this process indefinitely. Jerry asked Tom to
(a) 646 (b) 640 determine the sum of the areas of all the squares
(c) 608 (d) 536 that she drew. If Tom answered correctly then what
33. X and Y are two numbers whose A.M. is 41 and G.M. would be his answer?
is 9. Which of the following may be a value of X? (a) 2048 (b) 1024
(a) 125 (b) 49 (c) 512 (d) 4096
(c) 81 (d) 25 44. The sum of the first two terms of an infinite geo-
34. Two numbers A and B are such that A > B and their metric series is 36. Also, each term of the series is
G.M. is 40% lower than their A.M. Find the ratio equal to the sum of all the terms that follow. Find
between the numbers. the sum of the series
(a) 4 : 3 (b) 9 : 1 (a) 48 (b) 54
(c) : 1 (d) 3 : 1 (c) 72 (d) 96

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.108  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

45. An equilateral triangle is drawn by joining the mid- 49. In Narora nuclear power plant a technician is allowed
points of the sides of another equilateral triangle. A an interval of maximum 100 minutes. A timer with
third equilateral triangle is drawn inside the second a bell rings at specific intervals of time such that
one joining the midpoints of the sides of the second the minutes when the timer rings are not divisible
equilateral triangle, and the process continues infi- by 2, 3, 5 and 7. The last alarm rings with a buzzer
nitely. Find the sum of the areas of all the equilateral to give time for decontamination of the technician.
triangles, if the side of the largest equilateral triangle How many times will the bell ring within these 100
is 8 units. minutes and what is the value of the last minute when
(a) 32 3 units (b) 64 3 units the bell rings for the last time in a 100 minute shift?
(c) 64 units (d) 64/ 3 units 50. The internal angles of a plane polygon are in AP. The
46. After striking a floor a rubber ball rebounds (5/6)th smallest angle is 100° and the common difference is
of the height from which it has fallen. Find the total 10°. Find the number of sides of the polygon.
distance (in metres) that it travels before coming to a n +1 + b n +1
51. If is the arithmetic mean of a and b then
rest, if it is gently dropped from a height of 210 a n + bn
metres. find the value of n.
(a) 2960 (b) 2310
a n +1 + b n +1
(c) 2080 (d) 2360 52. If is the harmonic mean of a and b then
For questions 47 to 57, there are no options. Kind- a n + bn
find the value of n.
ly solve these and put down your answer to the
(a) −1 (b) 0
question asked.
(c) 1 (d) None of these.
47. In an infinite geometric progression, each term is
53. If a, b are two numbers such that a, b > 0. If har-
equal to 3 times the sum of the terms that follow.
monic mean of a, b is equals to geometric mean of
If the first term of the series is 4, find the product
a, b then what can be said about the relationship
of first three terms of the series?
between a and b.
48. A student takes a test consisting of 100 questions
54. Product of 36 positive integers is 1. Their sum is ≥
with differential marking is told that each question
after the first is worth 5 marks more than the preced- 55. If we have two numbers a, b. A.M. of a, b is 12 and
ing question. If the 5th question of the test is worth 25 H.M. is 3. Find the value of ab
marks, What is the maximum score that the student 1 1 1
56. If x + , y + , z + are in A.P. then x, y, z are
can obtain by attempting 90 questions? yz zx xy
in:

Space for Rough Work

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions  I.109

Level of Difficulty (II)

1. If a times the ath term of an A.P. is equal to b times (a) 7(10n − 9n)/81 (b) 7(10n + 1 −10 − 9n)/81
the bth term, find the (a + b)th term. (c) 7(10 n−1
− 10) (d) 7(10n + 1 − 10)
(a) 0 (b) a2 - b2 13. If log a, log b, log c are in A.P., then a, b, c are in
(c) a - b (d) 1 (a) A.P. (b) G.P.
2. A number 28 is divided into four parts that are in (c) H.P. (d) None of these
AP such that the product of the first and fourth is 14. After striking the floor, a rubber ball rebounds to
to the product of the second and third is 5: 6. Find 3/5th of the height from which it has fallen. Find
the smallest part. the total distance that it travels before coming to
(a) 2 (b) 4 rest if it has been gently dropped from a height of
(c) 8 (d) 6 20 metres.
3. Find the value of the expression: 1 – 3 + 5 - 7… (a) 40 metres (b) 60 metres
to 100 terms. (c) 80 metres (d) 120 metres
(a) −150 (b) −100 15. If x be the first term, y be the nth term and p be the
(c) −50 (d) 75 product of n terms of a G.P., then the value of p2
4. If a clock strikes once at 12 A.M., twice at 1 A.M., will be
thrice at 2 A.M. and so on, how many times will the (a) (xy)n−1 (b) (xy)n
clock be struck in the course of 3 days? (Assume a (c) (xy) 1−n
(d) (xy)n/2

24 hour clock) 16. The sum of an infinite G.P. whose common ratio is
(a) 756 (b) 828 positive and is numerically less than 1 is 36 and the
(c) 678 (d) 1288 sum of the first two terms is 32. What will be the
5. What will be the maximum sum of 54, 52, 50, ... ? third term?
(a) 702 (b) 704 (a) 1/3 (b) 4/3
(c) 756 (d) 700 (c) 8 /3 (d) 2
6. Find the sum of the integers between 100 and 300 17. What will be the value of 21/3.21/6.21/12... to infinity.
that are multiples of 7. (a) 22 (b) 22/3
3/2
(a) 10512 (b) 5586 (c) 2 (d) 8
(c) 10646 (d) 10546 18. In an infinite G.P. the first term is A and the infinite
1 sum 5, then A belongs to
7. If x > 1, y > 1, z > 1 are in G.P., then ,
1 + log x (a) A < –10 (b) 0 < A < 10
1 1 (c) 0 < A ≤ 10 (d) None of these
, are in
1 + log y 1 + log z 19. Determine the fourth term of the geometric progres-
(a) A.P. (b) H.P. sion, the sum of whose first term and third term is
(c) G.P. (d) None of the above 50 and the sum of the second term and fourth term
8. Find the sum of all odd numbers lying between 1000 is 150.
and 2000. (a) 120 (b) 125
(a) 7,50,000 (b) 7,45,000 (c) 135 (d) 45
(c) 7,55,000 (d) 7,65,000 20. What is the 13th term of 2/9, 1/4, 2/7, 1/3 ………..?
9. Find the sum of all integers of 3 digits that are divis- (a) –2 (b) 1
ible by 11. (c) –3/13 (d) –2/3
(a) 49,335 (b) 41,338 21. The sum of the third and the fourth term of an A.P.
(c) 44,550 (d) 47,300 is 19 and that of the first and the seventh term is 22.
10. The first and the last terms of an A.P. are 113 and Find the 9thterm.
253. If there are six terms in this sequence, find the (a) 26 (b) 17
sum of sequence. (c) 15 (d) 16
(a) 980 (b) 910 22. How many terms of an A.P. must be taken for their
(c) 1098 (d) 920 sum to be equal to 200 if its third term is 16 and the
difference between the 6th and the 1stterm is 30?
11. Find the value of 1 − 2 − 3 + 2 − 3 − 4 +... + upto
(a) 6 (b) 9
100 terms.
(c) 7 (d) 8
(a) −694 (b) −626
(c) −624 (d) −660 23. Four numbers are inserted between the numbers 4
and 34 such that an A.P. results. Find the smallest
12. What will be the sum to n terms of the series 7 +
of these four numbers.
77 + 777 +...?

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.110  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

(a) 11.5 (b) 11

(c) 12 (d) 10 15 - 3 (b)
(a) 15 - 2
24. Find the sum of all three-digit natural numbers, (c) 12 (d) None of these
which on being divided by 7, leave a remainder 33. Find the infinite sum of the series 1/1 + 1/3 + 1/6 +
equal to 6. 1/10 + 1/15 ….
(a) 70,208 (b) 70,780 (a) 2 (b) 2.25
(c) 70,680 (d) 71,270 (c) 3 (d) 4
25. The sum of the first three terms of the arithmetic 34. The sum of the series 3 × 5 + 5 × 7 + 7 × 9 +….
progression is 24 and the sum of the squares of the upto n terms will be:
first term and the second term of the same progres- (
n 4n 2 + 18n + 23
(a) (b)
) (
n 4n 2 + 18n + 23 )
sion is 80. Find the 8thterm of the progression if its
3 6
fifth term is known to be exactly divisible by 10.
(a) 32 (b) 36 (c) 2
( )
n 4n + 18n + 23 (d) None of these.
(c) 40 (d) 42 35. The sum of the series: 1/3 + 4/15 + 4/35 + 4/63 +
26. Anita and Babita set out to meet each other from ... upto 6 terms is:
two places 200 km apart. Anita travels 20 km the (a) 12/13 (b) 13/14
first day, 19 km the second day, 18 km the third day (c) 14/13 (d) None of these
and so on. Babita travels 8 km the first day, 10 km 36. For the above question 35, what is the sum of the
the second day, 12 km the third day and so on. After series if taken to infinite terms:
how many days will they meet? (a) 1.1 (b) 1
(a) 9 days (b) 8 days (c) 14/13 (d) None of these
(c) 7 days (d) 6 days Directions for Questions 37 to 39: Answer these
27. If a man saves Rs. 1000 each year and invests at the questions based on the following information. There
end of the year at 5% compound interest, how much are 250 integers a1, a2,… a250, not all of them nec-
will the amount be at the end of 15 years? essarily different. Let the greatest integer of these
(a) Rs 21,478 (b) Rs 21,578 250 integers be referred to as Max, and the smallest
(c) Rs 22,578 (d) Rs 22,478 integer be referred to as Min. The integers al through
28. If sum to n terms of a series is given by (2n + 7) a124 form sequence A and the rest form sequence
B. Each member of A is less than or equal to each
then its second term will be given by
member of B.
(a) 10 (b) 9
37. All values in A are changed in sign, while those in
(c) 8 (d) 2
B remain unchanged. Which of the following state-
29. If A is the sum of the n terms of the series 2 + 1/2
ments is true?
+ 1/8 + ... and B is the sum of 2n terms of the series (a) Every member of A is greater than or equal to
2 + 1 + 1/2 + ..., then find the value of B/A. every member of B.
(a) 1/3 (b) 2 (b) Max is in A.
(c) 2/3 (d) 3/2 (c) If all numbers originally in A and B had the same
30. Aman receives a pension starting with Rs.1000 for sign, then after the change of sign, the largest
the first year. Each year he receives 80% of what he number of A and B is in A.
received the previous year. Find the maximum total (d) None of these
amount he can receive even if he lives forever. 38. Elements of A are in ascending order, and those of
(a) 4000 (b) 5000 B are in descending order. a124 and a125 are inter-
(c) 1500 (d) 4900 changed. Then which of the following statements is
1 1 1 true?
31. The sum of the series + + ..... + (a) A continues to be in ascending order.
1¥ 5 5¥9 9 ¥ 13
1 (b) B continues to be in descending order.
is (c) A continues to be in ascending order and B in
221 ¥ 225
descending order.
(a) 28/221 (b) 56/221 (d) None of the above
(c) 56/225 (d) None of these 39. Every element of A is made greater than or equal to
every clement of B by adding to each element of A
1 1
32. The sum of the series + + º+ an integer x. Then, x cannot be less than:
1 3 + 4 4 + 5 (a) 210 (b) the smallest value of B
is:
224 + 225 (c) the largest value of B
(d) (Maximm-Minimum)

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions  I.111

40. Rahul drew a rectangular grid of 625 cells, arranged Direction for question number 46 to 48:
in 25 Rows and 25 columns, and filled each cell If S = a, b, b, c, c, c, d, d, d, d, …..z,z,z.
with a number. The numbers with which he filled 46. Find the number of terms in the above series:
each cell were such that the numbers of each row 47. Find 144th term of the above series:
taken from left to right formed an arithmetic series 48. If a = 1, b = 3, c = 5, d = 7, …..,z = 51 then find
and the numbers of each column taken from top to the sum of all terms of S:
bottom also formed an arithmetic series. The 6thand 49. If f(4x) = 8x + 1. Then for how many positive real
the 20thnumbers of the fifth row were 37 and 73 values of x , f(2x) will be G.M. of f(x) and f(4x) :
respectively, while the 6thand the 20thnumbers of the 50. If x, y, z, w are positive real numbers such that x,
25th row were 63 and 87, respectively. What is the y, z, w form an increasing A.P. and x, y, w form an
sum of all the numbers in the grid? increasing G.P. then w/x =?
(a) 32798 (b) 65596 (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 52900 (d) None of these (c) 3 (d) 4
41. How many four digit numbers have the property 51. If x, y, z are the mth, nth and pth terms, respectively
that their digits taken from left to right form an of a G.P. then (n – p) log x + (p − m) log y + (m − n)
Arithmetic or a Geometric Progression? log z =?
(a) 15 (b) 21
52. Find the sum of first n groups of 1 + (1 + 2) + (1
(c) 20 (d) 23
+ 2 + 3) + …..
Directions for Questions 42 and 43: These ques-
tions are based on the following data. At Goli - n ( n + 1)( n + 2)
(a)
Vadapav—a famous fast food centre in Andheri in 6
Mumbai, vadapavs are made only on an automatic n ( n + 1)( n + 2)
vadapav making machine. The machine continuously (b)
12
makes different sorts of vadapavs by adding different
n ( n + 1)( n + 2) (n + 3)
sorts of fillings on a common bread. The machine (c)
makes the vadapavs at the rate of 1 vadapav per 6
half a minute. The various fillings are added to the (d) None of these.
vadapavs in the following manner. The 1st, 3rd, 5th, 53. If A= 1 + x + x2+ x3+ …..& B = 1 + y + y2 + y3 +
7th,…vadapavs are filled with a chicken patty; the ….. and 0 < x, y < 1, then the value of 1 + xy +
1st , 5th , 9th, …..vadapavs with vegetable patty; the x2y2 + x3y3 + …..is:
1st, 8th, 17th, …..vadapavs with mushroom patty; (a) AB/(A + B) (b) AB/(A + B − 1)
and the rest with plain cheese and tomato fillings. (c) (AB − 1)/(A + B) (d) AB
The machine makes exactly 500 vadapavs per day. 54. If all the angles of a quadrilateral are in G.P. and all
42. How many vadapavs per day are made with cheese the angles and the common ratio are natural numbers.
and tomato as fillings? Exactly two angles are acute and two are obtuse then
43. How many vadapavs are made with all three fillings find the largest angle.
Chicken, vegetable and mushroom? 55. The sum to 16 groups of the series (1)+ (1 + 3) +
44. An arithmetic progression P consists of terms. From (1 + 3 + 5) + (1 +3 + 5 + 7)+ …..
the progression three different progressions P1, P2 56. Sum of 16 terms of the series 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 3 +
and P3 are created such that P1 is obtained by the 5 + 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + …..
1st, 4th ,7th terms of P, P2 has the 2nd, 5th, 8th, 57. If the sum of n terms of a progression is 2n2 + 3.
terms of P and P3 has the 3rd, 6th, 9th, terms of P. Then which term is equals to 78?
It is found that of P1, P2 and P1 two progressions
58. Sum of 17 terms of the series 12 − 22 + 32 − 42 +
have the property that their average is itself a term
52 − 62 + …..
of the original Progression P. Which of the following
59. Find the sum of 20 terms of the series 3 + 6 + 10
can be a possible value of n?
+ 15 + …..
(a) 20 (b) 26
(c) 36 (d) Both (a) and (b) 60. If 1n + 2n + 3n + … + xn is always divisible by 1 +
2 + 3 + ….+ x then n is
45. For the above question, if the Common Difference
(a) Even (b) odd
between the terms of P1 is 6, what is the common
(c) Multiple of 2 (d) None of these.
difference of P? th
(a) 2 (b) 3 61. Find the 12 term of the series 3, 14, 61, 252, …..
(c) 6 (d) Cannot be determined

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.112  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

Level of Difficulty (III)

1. If in any decreasing arithmetic progression, sum of 0.25. Calculate the sum of the first five terms of
all its terms, except for the first term, is equal to the arithmetic progression if its first term is equal
– 36, the sum of all its terms, except for the last term, to 2.
is zero, and the difference of the tenth and the sixth (a) 2.25 or 25 (b) 2.5
term is equal to –16, then what will be first term of (c) 1.5 (d) 3.25
this series? 8. If (2 + 4 + 6 +… 50 terms)/(1 + 3 + 5 +… n terms)
(a) 16 (b) 20 = 51/2, then find the value of n .
(b) –16 (d) –20 (a) 12 (b) 13
2. The sum of all terms of the arithmetic progression (c) 9 (d) 10
having ten terms except for the first term, is 99, and 9. (666…. n digits)2 + (888… n digits) is equal to
except for the sixth term, 89. Find the third term of 4 4
the progression if the sum of the first and the fifth (a) (10n – 1) ¥ (b) (102n – 1) ¥
9 9
term is equal to 10.
(a) 15 (b) 5 4 (10n - 10n - 1 - 1) 4 (10n + 1)
(c) (d)
(c) 8 (d) 10 9 9
3. Product of the fourth term and the fifth term of an 10. The interior angles of a polygon are in AP. The
arithmetic progression is 456. Division of the ninth smallest angle is 120° and the common difference
term by the fourth term of the progression gives is 5°. Find the number of sides of the polygon.
quotient as 11 and the remainder as 10. Find the (a) 7 (b) 8
first term of the progression. (c) 9 (d) 10
(a) – 52 (b) ­– 42 11. Find the sum to n terms of the series 11 + 103 + 1005
(c) – 56 (d) – 66 +…
4. A number of saplings are lying at a place by the side 10 (10n - 1) 10 (10n - 1)
(a) +1 (b) +n
of a straight road. These are to be planted in a straight 9 9
line at a distance interval of 10 metres between two
10 (10n - 1) 10 (10n + 1)
consecutive saplings. Mithilesh, the country’s greatest (c) + n 2 (d) + n2
forester, can carry only one sapling at a time and has 9 11
to move back to the original point to get the next 12. The sum of the first term and the fifth term of an AP
sapling. In this manner he covers a total distance of is 26 and the product of the second term by the
1.32 kms. How many saplings does he plant in the fourth term is 160. Find the sum of the first seven
process if he ends at the starting point? terms of this AP.
(a) 15 (b) 14 (a) 110 (b) 114
(c) 112 (d) 116
(c) 13 (d) 12
13. The sum of the third and the ninth term of an AP is 10.
5. A geometric progression consists of 500 terms. Sum
Find a possible sum of the first 11 terms of this AP.
of the terms occupying the odd places is P1 and the
(a) 55 (b) 44
sum of the terms occupying the even places is P2.
(c) 66 (d) 48
Find the common ratio.
14. The sum of the squares of the fifth and the eleventh
(a) P2 /P1 (b) P1/P2
term of an AP is 3 and the product of the second and
(c) P2 + P1/P1 (d) P2 + P1/P2 the fourteenth term is equal it P. Find the product
6. The sum of the first ten terms of the geometric pro- of the first and the fifteenth term of the AP.
gression is S1 and the sum of the next ten terms (11th (a) (58P – 39)/45 (b) (98P + 39)/72
through 20th) is S2. Find the common ratio. (c) (116P – 39)/90 (d) (98P + 39)/90
(a) (S1/S2)1/10 (b) – (S1/S2)1/10 15. If the ratio of harmonic mean of two numbers to
(c) ± 10 S2 / S1 (d) (S1/S2)1/5 their geometric mean is 12 : 13, find the ratio of the
7. The first and the third terms of an arithmetic pro- numbers.
gression are equal, respectively, to the first and (a) 4/9 or 9/4 (b) 2/3 or 3/2
the third term of a geometric progression, and the (c) 2/5 or 5/2 (d) None of these
second term of the arithmetic progression exceeds 16. Find the sum of the series 1.2 + 2.22 + 3.23 + … +
the second term of the geometric progression by 100. 2100.

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions  I.113

(a) 100.2101 + 2 (b) 99.2100 + 2 (a) 4th term (b) 5th term
101
(c) 99.2 + 2 (d) None of these (c) 6th term (d) 2nd term
17. The sequence [xn] is a GP with x2/x4 = 1/4 and x1 + 26. One side of a staircase is to be closed in by rectan-
x4 = 108. What will be the value of x3? gular planks from the floor to each step. The width
(a) 42 (b) 48 of each plank is 9 inches and their height are suc-
cessively 6 inches, 12 inches, 18 inches and so on.
(c) 44 (d) 56
There are 24 planks required in total. Find the area
18. If x, y, z are in GP and ax, by and cz are equal, then a,
in square feet.
b, c are in
(a) 112.5 (b) 107
(a) AP (b) GP (c) 118.5 (d) 105
(c) HP (d) None of these 27. The middle points of the sides of a triangle are joined
19. Find the sum of all possible whole number divisors forming a second triangle. Again a third triangle is
of 720. formed by joining the middle points of this second
(a) 2012 (b) 2624 triangle and this process is repeated infinitely. If the
(c) 2210 (d) 2418 perimeter and area of the outer triangle are P and A
20. Sum to n terms of the series log m + log m2/n + respectively, what will be the sum of perimeters of
log m3/n2 + log m4/n3… is triangles thus formed?
n n (a) 2P (b) P2
Ê mn + 1 ˆ 2 Ê nn - 1 ˆ 2 (c) 3P (d) p2/2
(a) log Á n - 1 ˜ (b) log Á n + 1 ˜ 28. In Problem 27, find the sum of areas of all the tri-
Ën ¯ Ëm ¯
angles.
n n
Ê mn ˆ 2 Ê m1 - n ˆ 2 4 4
(c) log Á n ˜ (d) log Á 1 - m ˜ (a) A (b) A
Ën ¯ Ën ¯ 5 3
3 5
21. The sum of first 20 and first 50 terms of an AP is (c) A (d) A
4 4
420 and 2550. Find the eleventh term of a GP whose 29. A square has a side of 40 cm. Another square is
first term is the same as the AP and the common formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of the
ratio of the GP is equal to the common difference given square and this process is repeated infinitely.
of the AP. Find the perimeter of all the squares thus formed.
(a) 560 (b) 512
(a) 160 (1 + 2 ) (b) 160 (2 + 2 )
(c) 1024 (d) 2048
22. If three positive real numbers x, y, z are in AP such that (c) 160 (2 – 2 ) (d) 160 (1 – 2 )
xyz = 4, then what will be the minimum value of y? 30. In problem 29, find the area of all the squares thus
(a) 21/3 (b) 22/3 formed.
1/4 (a) 1600 (b) 2400
(c) 2 (d) 23/4
(c) 2800 (d) 3200
23. If an be the nth term of an AP and if a7 = 15, then
31. The sum of the first n terms of the arithmetic progres-
the value of the common difference that would make
sion is equal to half the sum of the next n terms of
a2a7a12 greatest is
the same progression. Find the ratio of the sum of
(a) 3 (b) 3/2 the first 3n terms of the progression to the sum of
(c) 7 (d) 0 its first n terms.
24. If a1, a2, a3…an are in AP, where ai > 0, then what (a) 5 (b) 6
will be the value of the expression (c) 7 (d) 8
1/( a1 + a2 ) + 1/( a2 + a3 ) + 1/( a3 + 32. In a certain colony of cancerous cells, each cell
a4 ) + … to n terms? breaks into two new cells every hour. If there is a
single productive cell at the start and this process
(a) (1 – n)/( a1 + an ) continues for 9 hours, how many cells will the colony
have at the end of 9 hours? It is known that the life
(b) (n – 1)/( a1 + an ) of an individual cell is 20 hours.
(c) (n – 1)/( a1 – an ) (a) 29 – 1 (b) 210
9
(c) 2 (d) 210 – 1
(d) (1 – n)/( a1 + an ) 33. Find the sum of all three-digit whole numbers less
25. If the first two terms of a HP are 2/5 and 12/13, than 500 that leave a remainder of 2 when they are
respectively, which of the following terms is the divided by 3.
largest term?

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.114  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

(a) 49637 (b) 39767 Then, what can be said about the relative values of
(c) 49634 (d) 39770 A & B?
34. If a be the arithmetic mean and b, c be the two 9 25 49 9801
geometric means between any two positive numbers, 45. + + + º. + =?
2 6 12 2450
then (b3 + c3) /abc equals 46. Two series X (x1, x2, x3, x4, ….xn) and Y (y1, y2, y3,
(a) (ab)1/2/c (b) 1 y4, ….., yn) are in A.P., such that xn – yn = n − 2.
(c) a2c/b (d) None of these It is also known that x3= b5. Find the value of x99 –
35. If p, q, r are three consecutive distinct natural num- y197 .
bers then the expression (q + r – p)(p + r – q)(p + (a) 47 (b) 48
q – r) is (c) 49 (d) 50
(a) Positive (b) Negative 47. From the 1st 12 natural numbers how many Arithme-
(c) Non-positive (d) Non-negative tic Progressions of 4 terms can be formed such that
È 2
˘È 4
˘ 8 the common difference is a factor of the 4th term?
36. If S = È1 + ÊÁ - 1 ˆ˜ ˘ Í1 + ÊÁ - 1 ˆ˜ ˙ Í1 + ÊÁ - 1 ˆ˜ ˙ [1 + ÊÁ - 1 ˆ˜ º.. 48. The product of 1st five terms of an increasing A.P.
Í Ë ¯˙
Î 3 ˚Î Ë ¯ 3 Ë ¯ 3 Ë ¯ 3
˚Î ˚ is 3840. If the 1st, 2nd and 4th terms of the A.P. are
till n terms. Then S = ? in G.P. Find 10th term of the series.
(a) 4(102n − 1) (b) 4/3(10n − 1) 49. If
n
(c) 2/3(10 − 1) (d) None of these
37. The number 7777….77 (total 133 digits) is: 1 È 1 2˘È 1 4˘È 1 8 ˘
S = ÈÍ1 + ÊÁ - ˆ˜ ˘˙ Í1 + ÊÁ - ˆ˜ ˙ Í1 + ÊÁ - ˆ˜ ˙ Í1 + ÊÁ - ˆ˜ º..˙
(a) divisible by 3 Î Ë 3¯ ˚ Î Ë 3¯ ˚ Î Ë 3¯ ˚ Î Ë 3¯ ˚
(b) a composite number
(c) None of these then S =
38. 1st term of an A.P. of consecutive integers is n2 + 1 50. Let the positive numbers a, b, c, d be in A.P. Then
(n is a positive integer). Sum of 1st 2n terms of the the type of progression for the numbers abc, abd,
series will be. acd, bcd is:
3 3 3 3 3 3
(a) n( 2n2 + 2n + 1) (b) (2n2 + 2n + 3) 51. Sum of the series 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 3 + º. to
2 1 1+ 3 1+ 3 + 5
(c) n(2n + 2n + 3) (d) None of these.
10 terms:
1 1 1 1
39. S = + + + º.. + Then S =?
1!+ 2! 2!+ 3! 3!+ 4! 19!+ 20!
1 1 1 1 answer key
(a) - (b) -
2! 21! 2! 20!
(c) None of these. Level of Difficulty (I)
n n 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b)
40. a, b, c are in H.P. and n > 1 then a + c is:
5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a)
(a) Less than 2bn (b) Less than or equals to 2bn 9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (b) 12. (b)
n
(c) More than 2b (d) More than or equals to 2bn 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (c)
41. The sum to 17 terms of the series 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (d)
3 5 7 21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (c)
+ + 2 2 + º. is:
2 2
1 .2 2 2
2 .3 3 .4 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (a)
42. Find the value of S if 29. (d) 30. (b) 31. (b) 32. (c)
4 44 444 4444 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (b) 36. (c)
S = + 2 + 3 + 4 + ...• 37. (a) 38. (d) 39. (c) 40. (a)
11 11 11 11
41. (b) 42. (d) 43. (a) 44. (a)
1 1 1 45. (d) 46. (b) 47. 1 48. (d)
43. Find the value of S if S = + + + º.. + •
2.5 5.8 8.11 49. 22,97 50. 8 51. 0 52. −1
(a) 1/3 (b) 1/2 53. a = b 54. 36 55. 36 56. A.P.
(c) 1/6 (d) None of these.
Level of Difficulty (II)
44. A= a + A1 + A2 + …..+ AN + b
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b)
B = a + G1+ G2+ ….+ GN + b 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (a)
A is the sum of n + 2 terms of an A.P. with first term 9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (b)
a & last term b. 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (c)
B is the sum of n + 2 terms of a G.P. with first term 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (d)
a &last term b. 21. (a) 22. (d) 23. (d) 24. (a)

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions  I.115

25. (a) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (d) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (c)
29. (d) 30. (b) 31. (c) 32. (a) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (c)
33. (a) 34. (a) 35. (d) 36. (b) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (a)
37. (d) 38. (a) 39. (d) 40. (d) 21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (b)
41. (d) 42. 214 43. 18 44. (d) 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (b)
45. (a) 46. 351 47. q 48. 12051 29. (b) 30. (d) 31. (b) 32. (c)
49. 0 50. (d) 51. 0 52. (a) 33. (b) 34. (d) 35. (d) 36. (d)
53. (b) 54. 1920 55. 1496 56. 56 37. (c) 38. (a) 39. (a) 40. (c)
57. 20 58. 153 59. 1770 60. (b) 41. 323 42. 22/5 43. (c) 44. A > B
61. 412-12 324
Level of Difficulty (III) 45. 9849/50 46. (b) 47. 13 48. 24
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (d) 49. ¾ 50. reciprocals are in H.P 51. 126.5
5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (d)

Space for Rough Work

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.116  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

Solutions and Shortcuts 12. Sum of a G.P. with first term 10 and common ratio
Level of Difficulty (I) ( 20
)
2 and no. of terms 20. 10 ¥ 2 - 1 = 10(220 - 1)
1. The number of terms in a series are found by: 2 -1
Difference between first and last terms . Option (b) is correct.
+1= 13. The answer will be given by:
Common Difference
[1 + 2 + 3 +…+ 100]— [7 + 14 + 21 +… + 98]
65 - 11
+ 1 = 27 + 1 = 28th term. Option (d) is correct. = 50 × 101 − 7 × 105
2
2. The first term is 50 and the common difference is −5, = 5050 − 735 = 4315. Option (a) is correct.
thus the 25th term is: 50 + 24 x (−5) = −70. Option 14. 3rd term ar2 = 1/3, 8th term ar7 = 81
(c) is correct. r5=243 Gives us: r = 3.
3. We need the sum of the series 2000 + 2400 + 2800 Hence, the second term will be given by (3rd term/r)
to cross 100000. Trying out the options, we can see = 1/3 1/3 = 1/9. Option (d) is correct.
that in 20 years the sum of his savings would be: [Note: To go forward in a G.P. you multiply by the
2000 + 2400 + 2800 +…+ 9600. The sum of the common ratio, to go backward in a G.P. you divide
series would be 20 × 5800 = 116000. If we remove by the common ratio.]
the 20th year we will get the saving for 19 years. 15. Since the sum of 5 numbers in AP is 35, their aver-
The series would be 2000 + 2400 + 2800 + … + age would be 7. The average of 5 terms in an AP
9200. Sum of the series would be 116000 − 9600 is also equal to the value of the 3rd term (logic of
= 106400. If we remove the 19th year’s savings the middle term of an AP). Hence, the third term’s
the savings would be 106400 − 9200 which would value would be 7. Option (b) is correct.
go below 100000. Thus, after 19 years his savings 16. Use trial and error by using various values from the
would cross 100000. Option (a) is correct. options.
4. a + 5d = 8 and a + 19d = −20. Solving we get 14d If you find the sum of the series till 13 terms the
= −28 → d = −2. 30th term = 20th term + 10d = value is 182. The 14th term of the given series is 0,
−20 + 10 × (−2) = −40. Option (b) is correct. so also for 14 terms the value of the sum would be
5. In order to count the number of terms in the AP, use 182. Option (c) is correct.
the shortcut: 17. Trying Option (a),
[(last term − first term)/ common difference] + 1. In We get least term 5 and largest term 30 (since the
this case it would become: largest term is 6 times the least term).
[(120 − 10)/5] + 1 = 23. Option (c) is correct. The average of the A.P becomes (5 + 30)/2 = 17.5
1 Thus, 17.5 × n = 105 gives us:
6. r = 3. 729 = (3)n-1 , n − 1 = 9 or n = 10 option
27 to get a total of 105 we need n = 6 i.e. 6 terms in
(a) is correct. this A.P. That means the A.P. should look like: 5, _,
7. 5r4 = 80 → r4 = 80/5 → r = 2. Thus, 4th term = ar3 _, _, _, 30.
= 5 × (2)3 = 40. Option (c) is correct. It can be easily seen that the common difference
8. 12000 − 1500 − 22500 means that the starting scale is should be 5. The A.P, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 fits the
12000 and there is an increment of 1500 every year. situation.
Since, the total increment required to reach the top The same process used for option (b) gives us the
of his scale is 10500, the number of years required A.P. 10, 35, 60. (10 + 35 + 60 = 105) and in the
would be 10500/1500 = 7. Option (a) is correct. third option 15, 90 (15 + 90 = 105).
9. The series will be 108, 117, 126,…. 495. Hence, all the three options are correct.
495 - 108 18. Go through the options. The correct option should
Hence, Answer = + 1 = 44. Option (a) is
correct. 9 give value as 1, when n = 3 and as 8 when n = 7.
10. a = 25, a + 2d = 35 means d = 5. The 20th term Only option (a) satisfies both conditions.
would be a + 19d = 25 + 95 = 120. The sum of the 19. The answer to this question can be seen from the op-
series would be given by: [20/2] × [25 + 120] = tions. Both 3, 6, 12 and 12, 6, 3 satisfy the required
1450. Option (d) is correct. conditions— viz, GP with sum of first and third terms
11. The three parts are 11, 13 and 15 since 112 + 132 + as 15. Thus, option (c) is correct.
152 = 515. Since, we want the largest number, the 20. The answer to this question cannot be determined be-
answer would be 15. Option (b) is correct. cause the question is talking about income and asking
about expenses. You cannot solve this unless you know
the value of the expenditure she incurs over the years.
Thus, “Cannot be Determined” is the correct answer.

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions  I.117

21. The difference between the amounts at the end of r2 = 4 must be true.
5 years and 10 years will be the simple interest on Hence, r = 2
the initial capital for 5 years. If the 4th term is 40, the series in reverse from the
Hence, (2000 − 1500)/5 = 100 (simple interest.) 4th to the first term will look like:
Also, the Simple Interest for 5 years when added to 40, 20, 10, 5. Hence, option (b) is correct.
the sum gives 1500 as the amount. 31. The first common term is 23, the next will be 29
Hence, the original sum must be 1000. Option (d) (Notice that the second common term is exactly 6
is correct. away from the first common term. 6 is also the LCM
22. Visualising the squares below 91, we can see that the of 2 and 3 which are the respective common differ-
only way to get the sum of 3 squares as 91 is: 12 + ences of the two series.)
32 + 92 = 1 + 9 + 81= 91. The smallest number is Thus, the common terms will be given by the A.P 23,
1. Option (a) is correct. 29, 35 ....., last term. To find the answer you need
23. Since the 8th and the 12th terms of the AP are given to find the last term that will be common to the two
as 60 and 80, respectively, the difference between the series.
two terms would equal 4 times the common differ- The first series is 23, 25, 27 ... 259
ence. Thus we get 4d = 80 − 60 = 20. This gives us While the second series is 23, 26, 29 ..... 260.
d = 5. Also, the 8th term in the AP is represented by Hence, the last common term is 257.
a + 7d, we get:
a + 7d = 60 → a + 7 × 5 = 60→ a = 25. Option Thus our answer becomes 257 - 23 + 1 = 40 . Option
6
(c) is correct. (b) is correct.
24. The series would be given by: 13, 17, 21... which
32. Think like this:
essentially means that all the numbers in the series
The average of the first 4 terms is 14, while the
are of the form 4n + 13 or 4k + 1( Where k = n +
average of the first 8 terms must be 22.
3). Only the value in option (c) is a 4k + 1 number
and is hence the correct answer. Now visualise this:
25. His total earnings would be 600 + 630 + 660 + … 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
   
+ 1470 = Rs 31050. Option (a) is correct. average =14 average = 22
26. If we take the square of the side we get the area of Hence, d = 8/2 = 4 [Note: understand this
the squares. Thus, if the side of the respective squares as a property of an A.P.]
Hence, the average of the 8th and 9th term = 22 +
are a1, a2, a3, a4... their areas would be a12 a22 , a32 , 4.4 = 38 But this 38 also represents the average of
a42 . Since the areas are in GP, the sides would also the 16 term A.P.
be in GP. Hence, required answer = 16 × 38 = 608. Option (c)
27. 1280 = 5. 2n−1 or n − 1 = 8 or n = 9. Thus, there are is correct.
total of 9 terms in the series. Option (c) is correct. 33. AM = 41 means that their sum is 82 and GM = 9
28. Solve this question through trial and error by using means their product is 81. The numbers can only be
values of n from the options: 81 and 1. Option (c) is correct.
For 16 terms, the series would be 5 + 10 + 15 + … 34. Trial and error gives us that for option (b):
+ 80 which would give us a sum for the series as 8 With the ratio 9:1, the numbers can be taken as 9x
× 85 = 680. The next term (17th term of the series) and 1x. Their AM would be 5x and their GM would
would be 85. Thus, 680 + 85 = 765 would be the be 3x. The GM can be seen to be 40% lower than
sum to 17 terms. It can thus be concluded that for the AM. Option (b) is thus the correct answer.
17 terms the value of the sum of the series is not 35. The total savings would be given by the sum of the
less than 765. Option (a) is correct. series: 1000 + 1500 + 2000 +…..+ 6500 = 12 × 3750
29. 5 × r5 = 160 → r5 = 32 ⇒ r = 2. = 45000. Option (b) is correct.
Thus, the series would be 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160. The 36. The 23rd term of the sequence would be the 12th
second geometric mean between 5 and 160 in this term of the sequence 1, 5, 9, 13, ....
case would be 20. Option (d) is correct. The 12th term of the sequence would be 1 + 4 × 11
30. In the case of a G.P. the 7th term is derived by = 45. Option (c) is correct.
multiplying the 5th term twice by the common ratio. 37. log a, log b, log c are in A.P then 2log b = log a+
(Note: this is very similar to what we had seen in the log c or log b2 = log ac or b2 = ac
case of an A.P.) Since, the seventh term is derived So G.M. of a and c is b.
by multiplying the 5th term by 4, the relationship. Option (a) is correct.

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.118  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

38. The two series till their 1000th terms are 1, 3, 5, È 2 3

˘
7....1999 and 4, 7, 10...3001. The common terms Ê 5ˆ Ê 5ˆ Ê 5ˆ
210 + 2 Í 210 ¥ ÁË ˜¯ + 210 ¥ ÁË ˜¯ + 210 ¥ ÁË ˜¯ + º..˙
of the series would be given by the series 7, 13, Î 6 6 6 ˚
19,...1999. The number of terms in this series of Ê 5ˆ È 5 Ê 5ˆ 2
˘
333. Option (d) is correct. 210+ 2 ◊ 210 ◊ ÁË ˜¯ Í1 + + ÁË ˜¯ + .....˙
6 Î 6 6 ˚
39. The sum to 23 terms of the sequence would be:
The sum to 12 terms of the sequence 1, 5, 9, 13, È ˘
Í 1 ˙
….. + The sum to 11 terms of the sequence 4, 8, 12, 210 + 350 Í = 210 + 350 × 6 = −210 + 2100
16,…. 5˙
Í1 - ˙
The required sum would be Î 6˚
= 2310 metres.
12 11
( 2.1 + (12 - 1) 4) + [ 2.4 + (11 - 1) 4] = 6 × 46 + Option (b) is correct.
2 2
11 × 24 = 276 + 264 = 540. Option (c) is correct. 47. Let the series be a, ar, ar2, ar3,….
40. The maximum sum would occur when we take the According to the question a= 3ar/(1 − r) or r = 1/4.
sum of all the positive terms of the series. The series The series would be 4, 4/4, 4/16,….. and so on. The
25, 24, 23,… 1, 0 has 26 terms. The sum of the series product of first three terms of the series would be
would be given by: 1
4 ◊1◊ = 1 .
n × average = 26 × 12.5 = 325 4
Option (a) is correct. 48. 5th term= 25. 1st term = 25 – (4 × 5) = 5, 11th term
41. Since the sum of 22 terms of the AP is 770, the aver- = 5 + 10 × 5 = 55, 100th term = 5 + 99 × 5 = 500
age of the numbers in the AP would be 770/22 = 35. Student will score maximum marks if he attempts
This means that the sum of the first and last terms of question 11 to 100. The maximum score would be
the AP would be 2 × 35= 70. Trial and error gives the sum of the series 55 + 60 + … + 495 + 500 =
us the terms of the required GP as 14, 28, 56. Thus, (90 × 555)/2 = 24975.
28 - 14 49. In order to find how many times the alarm rings
the common difference of the AP = = 2. we need to find the number of numbers below 100,
7
42. It can be seen that for the series the average of first which are not divisible by 2, 3, 5 or 7. This can be
two terms is 2, for first 3 terms the average is 3 and found by:
so on. Thus, the sum of first 2 terms is 22, of first 3 100 — (numbers divisible by 2) – (numbers divis-
terms it is 32 and so on. For 1111111 terms it would ible by 3 but not by 2) — (numbers divisible by
be 11111112 = 1234567654321. Option (d) is correct. 5 but not by 2 or 3) — (numbers divisible by 7
43. The area of the first square would be 1024 sq cm. the but not by 2 or 3 or 5).
second square would give 512, the third one 256 and Numbers divisible by 2 up to 100 would be repre-
so on. The infinite sum of the geometric progression sented by the series 2, 4, 6, 8, 10…100 → A total
1024 + 512 + 256 + 128… = 2048. Option (a) is of 50 numbers.
correct. Numbers divisible by 3 but not by 2 up to 100
ar would be represented by the series 3, 9, 15, 21...99
44. a = or 1 − r = r or r = 1/2 a + ar = 36 or a → A total of 17 numbers. Note use short cut for
1- r
= 24 finding the number of number in this series :
24 [(last term — first term)/ common difference] + 1 =
Required sum = = 48. Option (a) is correct. [(99 — 3)/6] + 1 = 16 + 1 = 17.
1
1- Numbers divisible by 5 but not by 2 or 3: Num-
2
45. The side of the first equilateral triangle being 8 units, bers divisible by 5 but not by 2 up to 100 would
be represented by the series 5, 15, 25, 35...95 → A
the first area is 16 3 square units. The second area total of 10 numbers. But from these numbers, the
would be 1/4 of area of largest triangle and so on. numbers 15, 45 and 75 are also divisible by 3. Thus,
3 3 we are left with 10 — 3 = 7 new numbers which
16 3 , 4 3 , 3, , ,….. are Divisible by 5 but not by 2 and 3.
4 16
Numbers divisible by 7, but not by 2, 3 or 5:
The infinite sum of this series — 16 3 /(1 − 1/4) = numbers divisible by 7 but not by 2 upto 100 would
64 / 3 square units. be represented by the series 7, 21, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91
Option (d) is correct. → A total of 7 numbers. But from these numbers we
46. The sum of the total distance it travels would be should not count 21, 35 and 63 as they are divisible
given by the infinite sum of the series: by either 3 or 5. Thus a total of 7 — 3 = 4 numbers
are divisible by 7 but not by 2, 3 or 5.

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions  I.119

Thus we get a total of 100 − 78 = 22 times. Also, It is clear that the 5th term of the AP must be zero.
the last time the bell would ring would be in the 97th Check the other three options to see whether any
minute (as 98, 99 and 100 are divisible by at least option gives 0 when a = 2 and b = 3.
one of the numbers). Since none of the options b, c or d gives zero for
50. Smallest interior angle = 100, largest exterior angle= this particular value, option (a) is correct.
180 − 100 =80 2. Since the four parts of the number are in AP and
Similarly other exterior angles are 70, 60, 50, …. their sum is 28, the average of the four parts must be
Sum of all the exterior angles = 360 7. Looking at the options for the smallest part, only
So n ( 2.80 + ( n - 1)( -10)) = 360 or n(17 − n) = 72
the value of 4 fits in, as it leads us to think of the
2 AP 4, 6, 8, 10. In this case, the ratio of the product
We can see that the above equation is true for both of the first and fourth (4 × 10) to the product of the
n = 8, 9. But for n = 9, the 9th exterior angle must first and second (6 × 8) are in 5: 6 ratio.
be 0 which is not possible so only 8 is possible. 3. View: 1 − 3 + 5 − 7 + 9 − 11 ..... 100 terms as (1
n +1 n +1 − 3) + (5 − 7) + (9 − 11) ...... 50 terms. Hence, −2
51. a + b =
a+b
+ −2 + −2 … 50 terms = 50 × −2 = −100. Option
n n
a +b 2
(b) is correct.
For n =0 the above equality is true. So n must be 0.
4. In a period of 1 day or 24 hours the clock would
n +1 n +1
52. a + b =
2ab strike 1 + 2 + 3 + ….+ 23 = 276 times. In the course
a + bn
n
a+b of 3 days the clock would strike 276 × 3 = 828 times.
For n = −1 the above equality is true so n = −1. Option (b) is correct.
2ab 5. Since this is a decreasing A.P. with first term posi-
53. According to the question = ab , this equality tive, the maximum sum will occur upto the point
a+b
where the progression remains non-negative. 54, 52,
will be true only for a = b. Hence, a = b.
50, ….. 0 Hence, 28 terms × 27 = 756. Option (c)
54. A.M. of n positive integers is always greater than is correct.
or equals to G.M. of the numbers. Then according 6. The sum of the required series of integers would be
to the question, given by 105 + 112 + 119 + ....294 = 28 × 199.5 =
Sum of the numbers ≥ n (product of n positive in- 5586. Option (b) is correct.
tegers) 1/n 7. y2 = xz, 1 + log x, 1 + log y, 1 + log z are in A.P.
Sum of the numbers ≥ n if 2 log y= log x + log z
55. G.M.2 = A.M. × H.M. = 12 × 3 =36. or y2 = xz, Option (b) is right.
56. We can solve this problem by checking for values. 8. 1001 + 1003 + 1005 + ... 1999 = 1500 × 500 =
If we assume that x, y, z are in A.P. & x = 1, y = 2, 750000.
z = 3. 9. The required sum would be given by the sum of the
1 1 7 series 110, 121, 132, .... 990. The number of terms
x+ = 1+ =
yz 6 6 in this series = (990 − 110)/11 + 1 = 80 + 1 = 81.

The sum of the series = 81 × 550 (average of 110
1 1 7 and 990) = 44550. Option (c) is correct.
y+ = 2+ =
zx 3 3 10. 6 × average of 113 and 253 = 6 × 183 = 1098. Op-
1 1 7 tion (c) is correct.
z+ = 3+ = 11. The first 100 terms of this (1 − 2 − 3) + (2 − 3 − 4)
xy 2 2
+ … + (33 − 34 − 35) + 34
We can see if x, y, z are in A. P. then The first 33 terms of the above series (indicated
1 1 1 inside the brackets) will give an AP.:
x+ ,y+ ,z+ are also in A.P.
yz zx xy −4, −5, −6.... −36 = 33 × −20 = −660 (sum of this
Level of Difficulty (II) A.P.). The required answer would be
1. Identify an AP which satisfies the given condition. –660 + 34 = –626.
Suppose we are talking about the second and third 12. Solve this one through trial and error. For n = 2 terms
terms of the AP. the sum upto 2 terms is equal to 84. Putting n in the
Then an AP with second term 3 and third term 2 options it can be seen that for option (b) the sum to
satisfies the condition. two terms would be given by
A times the ath term = b times the bth term. 7 × (1000 − 10 − 18)/81 = 7 × 972/81 = 7 × 12 =
In this case the value of a = 2 and b = 3. 84.
Hence, for the (a + b)th term, we have to find the 13. 2log b = log a+ log c or log b2 = log ac or b2 = ac,
5th term. so a, b, c are in GP. Option (b) is correct.

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.120  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

14. The path of the rubber ball is: The corresponding T13 HP is 1/−1.5 = 1 × –2/3 =
–2/3
21. Third term = a + 2d, Fourth term = a + 3d; 1st term
= a, seventh term = a + 6d.
Thus 2a + 5d=19 and 2a + 6d = 22 → d = 3 and
a= 2.
The 9th term = a + 8d = 2 + 24= 26. Thus, option
(a) is correct.
22. If the difference between the 6th and the 1st term
In the figure above, every bounce is 3/5th of the is 30, it means that the common difference is equal
previous drop. to 6. Since, the third term is 16, the AP would be 4,
In the above movement, there are two infinite G.Ps 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46 and the sum to 8 terms for
(The GP representing the falling distances and the this AP would be 200. Thus, option (d) is correct.
GP representing the rising distances.) 23. 5d = 30 → d = 6. Thus, the numbers are 4, 10, 16,
The required answer: (Using a/(1 − r) formula) 22, 28, 34. The smallest number is 10. Option (d)
20 12 is correct.
+ = 80 metres. Option (c) is correct. 24. Find sum of the series: 104, 111, 118,…993
2 / 5 2 /5
15. Solve this for a sample GP. Let us say we take the 104 + 993
Average × n = ¥ 128 = 70208 . Option (a)
GP as 2, 6, 18, 54. x, the first term is 2, let n = 3 is correct. 2
then the 3rd term y = 18 and the product of 3 terms 25. Since the sum of the first three terms of the AP is
p = 2 × 6 × 18 = 216 = 63. The value of p2 = 216 24, the average of the AP till 3 terms would he 24/3
× 216 = 66. = 8. Value of the second term would be equal to this
Putting these values in the options we have: average and hence the second term is 8. Using the
Option (a) gives us (xy)n − 1 = 362 which is not equal information about the sum of squares of the first and
to the value of p2 we have from the options second terms being 80, we have that the first term
Option (b) gives us (xy)n = 363 = 66 which is equal must be 4. Thus, the AP has a first term of 4 and a
to the value of p2 we have from the options. common difference of 4. The seventh term would be
It can be experimentally verified that the other op- 32. Thus option (a) is correct.
tions yield values of p2 which are different from 66 26. The combined travel would be 28 on the first day,
and hence we can conclude that option (b) is correct. 29 on the second day, 30 on the third day, 31 on the
16. Trying to plug in values we can see that the infinite fourth day, 32 on the fifth day and 33 on the sixth
sum of the GP 24, 8, 8/3... is 36. Hence the third day, 34 on 7th day. They meet after 7 days. Option
term is 8/3. (c) is correct.
17. The expression can be written as 21/3+1/6+1/12+.… = 27. This is an intensive calculation, problem and you are
2INFINTE SUM OF THE GP = 22/3. Option (b) is correct. not supposed to know how to do the calculations in
A A this question mentally. The problem has been put
18. = 5 then r = 1 –
1- r 5 here to test your concepts about whether you recog-
Now since it is an infinite G.P. |r|<|, implies size how this is a question of GPs. If you feel like,
you can use a calculator/computer spreadsheet to get
–1 < 1 – A < 1 or 0 < A < 10 the answer to this question.
5
19. From the facts given in the question it is self evident The logic of the question would hinge on the fact
that the common ratio of the GP must be 3 (as the that the value of the investment of the fifteenth year
sum of the 2nd and 4th term is thrice the sum of the would be 1000. At the end of the 15th year, the invest-
first and third term). ment of the 14th year would be equal to 1000 × 1.05,
a + ar2 = 50 or a = 50/(1 + 9) = 5 the 13th year’s investment would amount to 1000
× 1.052 and so on till the first year’s investment
Largest term = 5.(3)3 = 135. Option (c) is correct.
which would amount to 1000 × 1.0514 after 15 years.
20. 2/9, 1/4, 2/7, 1/3 ………………………..
Thus, you need to calculate the sum of the GP: 1000,
This is an HP series. The corresponding AP will be: 1000 × 1.05, 1000 × 1.052, 1000 × 1.053 for 15 terms.
9/2, 4/1, 7/2, 3/1, …………………… 28. Since, sum to n terms is given by (2n + 7),
or 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3 …………………….. Sum to 1 terms = 9
i.e., this is an AP with first term 4.5 and common Sum to 2 terms = 11
difference –0.5.
Thus, the 2nd term must be 2,
Hence T13 = 4.5 + 12 (−0.5) = –1.5

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions  I.121

29. Solve this question by looking at hypothetical values in k assume that A is {1, 2, 3...124} and B is {126,
for n and 2n terms. Suppose, we take the sum to 1 (n 12.7...250}. It can be seen that for this assumption
= 1) term of the first series and the sum to 2 terms of values neither options (a), (b) or (c) is correct.
(2n = 2) of the second series we would get B/A as 38. If elements of A are in ascending order a124 would
3/2 be the largest value in A. Also a125 would be the
For n = 2 and 2n = 4 we get A =5/2 and B = 15/4 largest value in B. On interchanging a124 and a125, A
and B/A = 15/4/5/2 = 3/2 continues to be in ascending order, but B would lose
Thus, we can conclude that the required ratio is its descending order arrangement since a124 would
always constant at 3/2 and hence the correct option be the least value in B. Hence, option (a) is correct.
is (d). 39. Since the minimum is in A and the maximum is in
30. We need to find the infinite sum of the GP: 1000, B, the value of x cannot be less than Maximum −
800, 640….. (first term = 1000 and common ratio Minimum.
= 0.8) We get: infinite sum of the series as 1000/ 40. It is evident that the whole question is built around
(1 − 0.8) = 5000, Thus option (b) is correct. Arithmetic progressions. The 5th row has an aver-
31. Questions such as these have to be solved on the age of 55, while the 25th row has an average of 75.
basis of a reading of the pattern of the question. The Since even column wise each column is arranged in
sum upto the first term is: 1/5. Upto the second term an AP we can conclude the following:
it is 2/9 and upto the third term it is 3/12. It can be 1st row - average 51 - total = 25 × 51
easily seen that for the first term, second term and 2nd row - average 52 - total 25 × 52.....
third term the numerators are 1, 2 and 3 respectively. 25th row - average 75 - total 25 × 75
Also, for 1/5 — the 5 is the second value in the The overall total can be got by using averages as:
denominator of 1/1 × 5 (the first term); for 2/9 also 25 (51 + 52 + 53 + …..+ 75)= 25.1575 = 39375
the same pattern is followed— as 9 comes out of 41. The numbers forming an AP would be:
the denominator of the second term of series and
1234, 1357, 2345, 2468, 3210, 3456, 3579, 4321,
tar 3/13 the 13 comes out of the denominator of the
4567, 5432, 5678, 6543, 6420, 6789, 7654, 7531,
third term of the series and so on. The given series
8765, 8642, 9876, 9753, 9630.
has 56 terms and hence the correct answer would be
A total of 21 numbers.
56/225.
If we count the GPs we get: 1248, 8421-a total of 2
32. Solve this on the same pattern as Question 31 and
numbers.
you can easily see that for the first term sum of
the series is 2 - 3 , for 2 terms we have the sum Hence, we have a total of 23, 4-digit numbers why
as 5 - 3 and so on. For the given series of 120 the digits are either APs or GPs.
terms the sum would be 225 - 3 = 15 - 3 . Op- Thus, option (d) is correct.
tion (a) is correct. 42. Total vadapavs made = 500
33. If you look for a few more terms in the series, the Vadapavs with chicken and mushroom patty =250
series is: 1, 1/3, 1/6, 1/10, 1/15, 1/21, 1/28, 1/36, (Number of terms in the series 1,3, 5, 7, 9...499) out
1/45, 1/55, 1/66, 1/78, 1/91, 1/105, 1/120, 1/136. of which half of the vadapavs also have vegetable
1/153 and so on. If you estimate the values of the petty.
individual terms it can be seen that the sum would Vadapavs with only mushroom patty = 36 (Number
tend to 2 and would not be good enough to reach of terms of the series 8, 22, 36, ….)
even 2.25. Thus, option (a) is correct. Vadapavs with chicken, mushroom and vegetable
34. Solve this using trial and error. For 1 term the sum patty = 18 (Number of terms in the series 1, 29,
should be 15 and we get 15 only from the first option 57... .
when we put is n = 1. Thus, option (a) is correct. Required answer = 500 − 250 – 36 = 214.
35. For this question too you would need to read the 43. From the above question, we have 18 such vadapavs.
pattern of the values being followed. The given sum 44. The key to this question is what you understand from
has 6 terms. the statement­— ‘for two progressions out of P1, P2
It can be seen that the sum to 1 term = 1/3 and P3 the average is itself a term of the original
Sum to 2 terms = 3/5 progression P.’ For option (a) which tells us that the
Sum to 3 terms = 5/7 Progression P has 20 terms, we can see that P1 would
Hence, the sum to 6 terms would be 11/13. have 7 terms, P2 would have 7 terms and P3 would
36. The sum to infinite terms would tend to 1 because have 6 terms. Since, both P1 and P2 have an odd num-
we would get (infinity)/(infinity + 2). ber of terms we can see that for P1 and P2 their 4th
terms (being the middle terms for an AP with 7 terms)
37. All members of A are smaller than all members of B.
would be equal to their average. Since, all the terms of
In order to visualise the effect of the change in sign
P1, P2 and P3 have been taken out of the original AP

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.122  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

P, we can see that for P1 and P2 their average itself 54. Let the angles are x, xr, xr2, xr3
would be a term of the original progression P. This x + xr + xr2 + xr3 = 3600.
would not occur for P3 as P3, has an even number of The angles are 240, 480, 960,1920. Largest angle =
terms. Thus, 20 is a correct value for n. 1920
Similarly, if we go for n = 26 from the second option
55. S = 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 +….
we get: 1
P1, P2 and P3 would have 9, 9 and 8 terms, respec- Sn = Ân 2 = n ( n + 1) (2n + 1)
6
tively and the same condition would be met here too.
For n = 36 from the third option, the three progres- 1
S16 = .16.17.33 = 1496
sions would have 12 terms each and none of them 6
would have an odd number of terms. 56. S16 = 1 + (1 + 3) + (1 + 3 + 5) + (1 + 3 + 5 + 7)+
Thus, option (d) is correct as both options (a) and (1 + 3+ 5 + 7 + 9) + 1
(b) satisfy the conditions given in the problem. 1
S16 = 5 ( 5 + 1)( 2.5 + 1) + 1 = 56
45. Since, P1 is formed out of every third term of P, the
6 .
common difference of P1 would be three times the
57. Going through the trial and error = 2(20)2 + 3 –
common difference of P. Thus, the common differ-
2(19)2 – 3 = 78
ence of P would be 2.
58. 12 − 22 + 32 − 42 + 52 − 62 +… = (1 − 2) (1 + 2)
46. S consists one a, two b’s, three c’s and so on. So
+ (3 − 4) (3 + 4) +… + (15 − 16) (15 + 16) +172
total number of terms = 1 + 2 + 3 + …..+ 26 =
= −(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … + 16) + 172 = 289 − 136 =
26
(1 + 26) = 13 ¥ 27 = 351. 153
2
59. 3 + 6 + 10 + 15 + ….
47. For 16th alphabet total number of terms of S = 136.
(1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3)+ (1 + 2 + 3 + 4)+ ….. = 1 +
So 144th term of S will be 17th alphabet, which is q.
(1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3)+ (1 + 2 + 3 + 4)+ ….. −1
48. Let S’ be the sum of all terms of the series S then
Required sum = Sum of 21 terms of series 1 + (1
according to the question:
( n + 1) n
S’ = 1a + 2b + 3c + 4d + 5e + …. + 26z = 1.1 + + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3)+ ,…. −1 = Â −1=
2
2.3 + 3.5 + 4.7 + …..+ 26. 51 = Â n ( 2n - 1) = 1771 − 1 = 1770 n = 21
n = 26
 2n2 - n = 12051 60. If we take x = 4 and n = 1 then 11 + 21 + 31 = 6 is
n = 26 divisible by 1 + 2 + 3 =6. But for n = 2
49. If f(4x) = 8x + 1 then f(x) = 2x + 1 & f(2x) = 4x + 12 + 22 + 32 = 14 is not divisible by 6 again for n =
1 3, 1n + 2n + 3n divisible by 6 and so on. So for every
(4x + 1)2 = (8x + 1)(2x + 1) odd value of n, 1n + 2n + 3n + … + xn is always
x = 0 divisible by 1 + 2 + 3 + ….+ x.
So for no positive value of x, f(2x) is the G.M. of 61. 3 = 41 – 1
f(x), f(4x). 14 = 42 – 2
50. If y = x + d, z = x + 2d, w = x + 3d then 61 = 43 – 3
(x + d)2 = x(x + 3d) or d = x 252 = 44 – 4
w/x = 4x/x = 4 So 12th term = 412 – 12
51. Let the G.P. be 1, 3, 9, 27, 81,…
Level of Difficulty (III)
Let m =2, n =3, p= 5 then (n – p) log x + (p − m)
1. Since the difference between the tenth and the sixth
log y + (m − n) log z = (3 − 5)log 3 + (5 − 2)log 9
terms is −16, the common difference would be −4.
+ (2 − 3)log 81 = −2log3 + 6 log 3 − 4log 3 = 0
Using a trial and error approach with the options, we
52. Go through options. can see that if we take the first term as 16, we will
n ( n + 1)( n + 2) get the series 16,12,8,4,0,−4,−8,−12,−16,−20. We can
Option (a) for n = 1, sum = 1
6 see that both the conditions given in the question are
For n = 2, Sum = 4 met by this series. Hence, the first term would be 16.
So option (a) is correct. 2. Any sub-part of an AP is also an AP. Thus, the third
53. A = 1/(1 − x) & B = 1/ (1 − y) term would be the average of the first and the fifth
x = (A − 1)/A & y = (B − 1)/B term. Hence, the third term would be 5.
1 + xy + x2y2 + x3y3+ ….. = 3. A factor search for factor pairs of 456 give us the
1 1 AB following possibilities. 1,456; 2,228; 3,152; 4,114;
= = 6,76; 8,57; 12,38 & 19,24. A check of the condi-
1 - xy A - 1 B - 1 A + B -1
1- . tions given in the problem, tells us that if we take
A B

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Progressions  I.123

12 as the 4th term and 38 as the 5th term, we would (39 − 26 P)

get the series till 9 terms as: −66,−40,−14,12,38,64, Thus, a2 + 14ad = P − = (116P − 39)/90.
Option (c) is correct. 90
90,116,142. In this series we can see that the division
of the 9th term by the 4th term gives us a quotient of 15. Solve using options. The values in option (a) gives
11 and a remainder of 10. Hence, the required first you the required 12:13 ratio between the HM and
term is −66. the GM. Hence, option (d) is correct.
4. The distances covered by him (to and fro) would be 16. Solve this based on pattern of the options. The given
20, 40, 60,80,100, 120, 140, 160,180, 200 &220 to series has 100 terms. For n = 100, the options can
get a total distance of 1.32 kms. There are 11 terms be converted as:
in this AP. However, he must also have planted one Option (a) = n × 2(n + 1) + 2. This means that for 1
sapling at the starting point & hence the number of term, the sum should be 1 × 22 + 2 = 6. But we can
saplings planted would be 12. see that for 1 term, the series has a sum of only 1
× 2 = 2. Hence, this option can be rejected. Option
5. The answer would directly be P2/P1. Assume a series
(c) satisfies the conditions.
having a few number of terms e.g. 1,2,4,8,16,32. The
value of P2 here = 42, while P1 = 21. The common Option (b) = (n − 1) × 2n + 2. For 1 term, this gives
us a value of 2. For 2 terms, this gives us a value
ratio can be seen to be P2/P1 = 2.
of 6, which does not match the actual value in the
6. Solve on the same pattern as above. The correct question.Hence, this option can be rejected.
answer is option (c).
17. Since the ratio of the 2nd to the fourth term is given
7. Solve this question using options. The average of as ¼, we can conclude that the common ratio of the
the sum of the first 5 terms of the AP can be used GP is 2. Also, a+ 8a= 108 → 9a = 108 → a = 12.
to get the value of the third term of the AP. If we Thus, x3 = 48.
try to use the options, in option 2, if the sum of the 18. You can try to fit in values to get the correct answer.
first 5 terms is 2.5, the third term must be 2.5/5 = a,b,c would be in GP. If we take x, y and z as 1,2,4
0.5. This means our AP is 2,1.25,0.5,−0.25,−1. The we get a,b,c as 4,2 and 1, respectively to keep ax,
corresponding GP with the same 1st and 3rd terms by & cz equal.
is 2,1,0.5,0.25… The condition for the second term 19. The prime factors of 720 are: 24 × 32 × 51. The
is also matched here. required sum of factors would be: (1 + 2 + 22 + 23
8. Use the options to get the answer. For n=10, we get + 24)(1 + 3 + 32)(1 + 5) = 31 × 13 × 6 = 2418.
the required ratio as 51/2. 20. Check the options to get option (a) as the correct
9. For 1 digit the sum would be 62 + 8, for 2 digits answer.
the sum would be 662 + 88 and so on. Checking the 21. The first term of the given AP is 2 and the common
options gives us option (b) as the correct answer. difference is also 2. Thus, the 11th term of the GP =
10. The sum of the interior angles of any polygon of n 2 × 210 = 2048.
sides is given by 22. The minimum value of y would occur when all the
(n − 2) × 180. This needs to match the sum of the three values are equal. Thus, y3 =4 → y = 22/3.
AP 120 + 125 + 130 +…n terms. For n = 9, we get 23. For the product to be the maximum, since the sum
the two sums equal and hence option (c) is correct. of a2, a7 and a12 would be fixed; we would need to
11. Solve this one using options to check the correct keep each of the three numbers as equal. Thus, the
answer. value of the common difference would be 0.
12. Tracing the second and fourth terms through fac- 24. Solve based on patterns and options as discussed for
tor pairs of 160, we get the numbers that fit in the question 16 above.
requirements of the problem as: 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 25. The corresponding AP would be 2.5, 1.0833,… This
22, 25. The sum of the series is 112. gives us a common difference of −1.4166. From the
13. The third and ninth terms of an 11 term AP are a third term onwards, the AP and its reciprocal HP
would both become negative. Hence, the largest term
pair of corresponding terms of the AP. Hence, their
of the HP is the second term itself.
average would be the average of the AP. This gives
26. The series of plank sizes would be: 0.75 × 0.5, 0.75
us the required sum of the AP as 11 × 5 = 55.
× 1, 0.75 × 1.5….0.75 × 12. The sum of this AP is
14. (a + 4d)2 + (a + 10d)2 = 3 → a2 + 14ad + 58d2 = 112.5.
1.5. Also, (a + d)(a + 13d) = P → a2 + 14ad + 13d2 27. Each subsequent triangle would have the sum of
= P. Further, we need to find the value of a2 + 14ad sides halved from the previous triangle. Thus, the
(product of the first and fifteenth terms of the AP). sum of the perimeters would be given by P + P/2
From the above two equations, we get that 45d2 = + P/4 + P/8 +…. till infinite terms. Hence, the sum
3 2 (39 − 26 P) of all the perimeters of the infinite triangles would
− P → 13d = be 2P.
2 90

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

I.124  How to Prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CAT

28. The areas would be A + A/4 + A/16 +…till infinite If we put n = 2 in the above options then only option
terms. The infinite sum of all the perimeters would (a) satisfies.
be 4A/3.
160
29. The first perimeter is 160, the second one is , the 1 1
2 39. mth term of the series = =
third one would be 80 and so on till infinite terms. m !+ (m + 1)! m !(m + 2)!
1 1
The infinite sum would be equal to 160(2 + 2) . = −
30. The areas would consecutively get halved. So, the (m + 1)! (m + 2)!
first area being 1600, the next one would be 800, then 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
400 and so on till infinite terms. Thus, the infinite S = - + - + º.. + - = - .
2! 3! 3! 4! 20! 21! 2! 21!
sum would be 3200. Option (a) is correct.
31. If the sum of the first n terms is ‘x’, the sum of n n n
the next n terms is given as ‘2x’ (as defined in the 40. a + c > ÊÁ a + c ˆ˜ , if n does not lie between 0 and 1.
2 Ë 2 ¯
problem). Naturally, the sum of the next n terms
But we know that A.M. > H.M.
would be ‘3x’ (When you add the same number of
terms of an AP consecutively, you get another AP). b is the H.M. of a and c.
Thus, the required ratio is 6x/x = 6. a+c
>b
32. Since, the problem says that the cell breaks into two 2
new cells, it means that the original cell no longer n
exists. Hence, after 1 hour there would be 21 cells, As n > 1 ÊÁ a + c ˆ˜ > b n
Ë 2 ¯
after 2 hours there would be 22 cells and so on. After
9 hours there would be 29 cells. Hence, option (c) is an + cn Ê a + c ˆ n
>Á > bn
correct. 2 Ë 2 ˜¯

33. We need the sum of the AP: 101, 104,107,…497 = an + cn > 2bn . Option (c) is correct.
133 × 299 = 39767. 41.
34. Solve by taking values and checking with the op- 3 5 7
tions. If we take the numbers as 1 and 8, we would S = 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + º..
get a = 4.5 and b and c as 2 and 4 respectively. Then 1 .2 2 .3 3 .4
1ˆ Ê 1 1 1 1 1 1
(b3 + c3)/abc =2. None of the first three options gives = Á1 - 2 ˜ + Á 2 - 2 ˆ˜ + ÊÁ 2 - 2 ˆ˜ + º.. + ÊÁ 2 - 2 ˆ˜
Ê
us a value equal to 2. Hence, the correct answer is Ë 2 ¯ Ë2 3 ¯ Ë 3 4 ¯ Ë 17 18 ¯
option (d). 1 323
== 1 - 2 =
35. This can be checked using any values of p, q, r. If 18 324
we try with 1,2,3 we get the value as 0. If we try
4 44 444 4444
values of p, q , r as 2,3,4 we get the expression as 42. S =
+ + + 4 + º..
positive. Hence, we conclude that the expression’s 11 112 113 11
value would always be non-negative. S 4 44 444
= 2 + 3 + 4 + º.
11
11 11 11
36. For n = 1 sum = 2/3 S 4 40 400
For n = 2 sum = 20/27 S - = + 2 + 3 + º..
For n = 3 sum = 1640/2187 11 11 11 11
None of the options matches these numbers and 10 S 4 Ê 10 100
= Á1 + + 2 + º..ˆ˜
hence option (d) is correct. Ë 11 11 ¯
11
11
37. 77777…7777 = 7(10132 + ... + 102 + 101 + 1) = Ê ˆ
7(10133 − 1) 10 S 4 Á 1 ˜
7(10133 - 1) = =4
9 11 11 Á 10 ˜
10 - 1 = ÁË 1 - ˜¯
133 11
10 − 1 is divisible by 9. Hence the given number
is a composite number. Option (c) is correct. S = 44/10 = 22/5
38. S = n2 + 1 + n2 + 2 +… + n2 + 2n = 2n3 + n(2n + 1 1 1
43. S = + + + º.. + •
1) = n(2n2 + 2n + 1) 2.5 5.8 8.11
Option (a) is correct. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
S = ÊÁ - + - + - + º.. - ˆ˜
Alternative Method: Suppose n = 2 then 1st term of 3 Ë 2 5 5 8 8 11 •¯
the series will be 22 + 1 = 5. Now we want to find 1 1 1
the sum of first 2n = 4 terms. First 4 terms of the = ¥ =
series will be 5, 6, 7, 8. Sum = 26. 3 2 6

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN

 Review Tests—Block I  I.125

44. We can easily solve these problems by considering 48. If a − 2d be the first term and d be the common
suitable values. difference of A.P. then according to the question:
Let G.P. be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and A.P. be 1, 7.2, 13.4, (a − 2d)(a − d)a(a + d)(a + 2d) = 3840 (1)
19.6, 25.8, 32. a-d a+d
=
A = 99, B = 63. So A > B a - 2 d a-d

45. d (3d - a ) = 0
1 1 1 1
4 + + 4 + + 4 + + º..4 + a = 3d
2 6 12 2450
1ˆ 1 1ˆ 1 1 By putting a = 3d in equation 1 we get:
= 4 + Á1 - ˜ + 4 + Á - ˜ + 4 + ÊÁ - ˆ˜ + º..
Ê Ê
d × 2d × 3d × 4d × 5d =3840
Ë 2¯ Ë 2 3¯ Ë 3 4¯
1 1 By solving we get d = 2 & a = 6
+ 4 + ÊÁ - ˆ˜ 10th term = 6 + 9.2 = 24.
Ë 49 50 ¯
49. Let x = −1/3
1 1 1 1 1 1
= 49 ¥ 4 + ÊÁ1 - + - + -º.. + - ˆ˜ S = (1 + x)(1 + x2)(1 + x4)….
Ë 2 2 3 3 49 50 ¯
(1 − x)S = (1 − x)(1 + x)(1 + x2)(1 + x4)…
49 9849
= 196 + = (1 − x)S = (1 − x2)(1 + x2)(1 + x4)(1 + x8)…..
50 50 (1 − x)S = (1 − x4)(1 + x4)(1 + x8)…..
46. Let the common difference of the series X be d1 and Since x < 0 & |x| < 1 so the value of RHS would be
that of Y be d2. equals to 1.
Since xn – yn = n − 2, x1 − y1 = −1 or y1 = x1 + 1 (1 − x) S = 1 or S = 1/(1 − x) or 1/(1 −(−1/3)) = ¾.
x3 = y5 50. a, b, c, d are in A.P.
x1 + 2d1 = y1 + 4d2 a b c d
x1 + 2d1= x1 + 1 + 4d2 , , ,
abcd abcd abcd abcd are also in A.P.
2d1 − 4d2 = 1
1 1 1 1
x99 – y197 = x1+ 98d1 − y1- 196d2 = −1 + 49(2d1− 4d2) , , ,
= −1 + 49 = 48. Option (b) is correct. bcd acd abd abc are also in A.P.
47. If a be the 1st term and d be the common difference Hence their reciprocals are in H.P.
of the A.P. the 4th term of the series will be a + 3d.
51. nth term =
Ân3 = 1 (n2 + 2n + 1)
If a + 3d is divisible by d then a should be divisible
by d. hence the cases are:
 ( 2n - 1) 4
Sum of n terms of the given series =
d = 1, a = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
1Ê1 ˆ
d = 2, a = 2, 4, 6 ÁË n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) + n ( n + 1) + n˜¯
d = 3, a = 3 4 6
So the required answer is 9 + 3 + 1 = 13 1
For n = 10 the required sum = [505] = 126.5
4

Space for Rough Work

PDF DROWNLOAD FROM: SARKARIPOST.IN