Security information 1

Preface 2

What's new? 3
SIMATIC
Introduction 4
Process Control System PCS 7
Compendium Part C - 5
Basics
Equipment Phases with
SFC Types (V8.2) Components of equipment
modules 6
Operating Manual
State logic of equipment
modules 7
Functionalities and Solution
Paths 8
Notes, recommendations,
and guidelines 9

Service and support 10

Valid for PCS 7 V8.2

08/2016
A5E35031809-AA
Legal information
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damage to property. The notices referring to your personal safety are highlighted in the manual by a safety alert
symbol, notices referring only to property damage have no safety alert symbol. These notices shown below are
graded according to the degree of danger.

DANGER
indicates that death or severe personal injury will result if proper precautions are not taken.

WARNING
indicates that death or severe personal injury may result if proper precautions are not taken.

CAUTION
indicates that minor personal injury can result if proper precautions are not taken.

NOTICE
indicates that property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken.
If more than one degree of danger is present, the warning notice representing the highest degree of danger will
be used. A notice warning of injury to persons with a safety alert symbol may also include a warning relating to
property damage.
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The product/system described in this documentation may be operated only by personnel qualified for the specific
task in accordance with the relevant documentation, in particular its warning notices and safety instructions.
Qualified personnel are those who, based on their training and experience, are capable of identifying risks and
avoiding potential hazards when working with these products/systems.
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Note the following:

WARNING
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Disclaimer of Liability
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Table of contents

1 Security information ................................................................................................................................ 6

2 Preface ................................................................................................................................................... 7
3 What's new? ........................................................................................................................................... 9
4 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 10
5 Basics ................................................................................................................................................... 13
5.1 Equipment module ..................................................................................................................13
5.1.1 Separation and shared resources ...........................................................................................13
5.1.2 Reducing the number of different types ..................................................................................14
5.1.3 Control strategies ....................................................................................................................15
5.1.4 Modes and states ....................................................................................................................15
5.1.5 Self-terminating EM and non-self-terminating EM ..................................................................15
5.1.6 Type and instance model ........................................................................................................16
5.2 Example: Division in the P&I diagram.....................................................................................17
5.3 Example: EM type ...................................................................................................................18
5.4 Performance specification, requirement specification, test log ..............................................18
5.5 Template for creating an SFC type .........................................................................................19
6 Components of equipment modules ...................................................................................................... 20
6.1 Control strategies (CS) ...........................................................................................................21
6.2 Setpoints .................................................................................................................................21
6.3 Process values ........................................................................................................................22
6.4 Control values .........................................................................................................................22
6.5 Parameters .............................................................................................................................22
6.6 Bit memories ...........................................................................................................................23
6.7 Times ......................................................................................................................................23
6.8 Note texts ................................................................................................................................24
6.9 Block contacts .........................................................................................................................25
6.10 Position texts ...........................................................................................................................26
6.11 Messages ................................................................................................................................26
6.12 Sequencing logic .....................................................................................................................26

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Table of contents

7 State logic of equipment modules.......................................................................................................... 27

7.1 Starting/Run division .............................................................................................................. 29
7.2 Completing and Completed ................................................................................................... 31
7.3 Differences between the "Held" and "Held (Error)" branches ................................................ 32
7.4 Holding, Held, and Resuming ................................................................................................ 32
7.5 Error, Held (error), and Resuming (error) .............................................................................. 32
7.6 Aborting and Stopping ........................................................................................................... 33
8 Functionalities and Solution Paths......................................................................................................... 34
8.1 State change .......................................................................................................................... 34
8.2 Closing and resumption lockouts ........................................................................................... 35
8.3 Active control strategy change ............................................................................................... 38
8.4 Setpoint changes during operation ........................................................................................ 39
8.5 Transmitting messages .......................................................................................................... 40
8.6 Using times ............................................................................................................................ 43
8.6.1 Example: Using times ............................................................................................................ 43
8.6.2 Example: Calculating the elapsed time .................................................................................. 45
8.6.3 Example: Times in Hold ......................................................................................................... 46
8.7 Presetting control strategies .................................................................................................. 47
8.8 Instance-specific deselection and selection of control strategies .......................................... 47
8.9 Multiplexing control modules.................................................................................................. 48
8.10 Control modules in Auto and Manual modes ......................................................................... 49
8.11 Optional control modules ....................................................................................................... 51
8.12 Setting position texts .............................................................................................................. 52
8.13 Self-terminating and non-self-terminating equipment modules ............................................. 53
8.14 Returns when resuming ......................................................................................................... 54
8.15 Calculations in the SFC ......................................................................................................... 57
8.16 Start conditions for sequencers ............................................................................................. 58
8.17 "Preprocessing"/"Postprocessing" Tab .................................................................................. 59

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 Table of contents

9 Notes, recommendations, and guidelines .............................................................................................. 60

9.1 Naming ....................................................................................................................................60
9.2 Combining sequencers ...........................................................................................................64
9.3 Editing within the project .........................................................................................................65
9.4 Block size of an SFC type .......................................................................................................65
9.5 SFC type following CPU STOP/restart ...................................................................................66
9.6 Non-retentive and retentive sequencers .................................................................................68
9.7 Connecting to SIMATIC BATCH .............................................................................................69
9.8 EPH and EOP .........................................................................................................................70
9.9 Multiple instances of a type in a unit .......................................................................................71
9.10 Closing lockout, start disable for SIMATIC BATCH ................................................................71
9.11 Start and resumption lock for SIMATIC BATCH for equipment module previously
started manually ......................................................................................................................71
9.12 Continuous function ................................................................................................................72
9.13 “Extended continuous operation” function ..............................................................................73
10 Service and support .............................................................................................................................. 74

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Security information 1
Security information
Siemens provides products and solutions with industrial security functions that support the
secure operation of plants, solutions, machines, equipment and/or networks.
In order to protect plants, systems, machines and networks against cyber threats, it is
necessary to implement – and continuously maintain – a holistic, state-of-the-art industrial
security concept. Siemens’ products and solutions only form one element of such a concept.
Customer is responsible to prevent unauthorized access to its plants, systems, machines
and networks. Systems, machines and components should only be connected to the
enterprise network or the internet if and to the extent necessary and with appropriate security
measures (e.g. use of firewalls and network segmentation) in place.
Additionally, Siemens’ guidance on appropriate security measures should be taken into
account. For more information about industrial security, please visit
http://www.siemens.com/industrialsecurity.
Siemens’ products and solutions undergo continuous development to make them more
secure. Siemens strongly recommends to apply product updates as soon as available and to
always use the latest product versions. Use of product versions that are no longer supported,
and failure to apply latest updates may increase customer’s exposure to cyber threats.
To stay informed about product updates, subscribe to the Siemens Industrial Security RSS
Feed under
http://www.siemens.com/industrialsecurity.

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Preface 2
Subject of the SIMATIC PCS 7 compendium
As a distinctly open system, SIMATIC PCS 7 can be flexibly adapted to a wide range of
customer needs. The system software provides the configuration engineer with a great deal
of freedom in terms of project configuration, as well as in the design of the program and
visualization.
Experience has shown that subsequent modernization or plant expansion work is made
much easier if the project is configured "in conformance with SIMATIC PCS 7" as far as
possible right from the start. This means users must adhere to certain basic rules to ensure
that the provided system functions will offer optimum usability in the future.
This manual serves as a compendium in addition to the product documentation for SIMATIC
PCS 7. The basic tasks for creating and configuring the project are described in the form of
instructions with numerous illustrations.
The compendium directly reflects the recommended method for configuration, which is
based on the results of a great deal of practical experience. The description relates to
working with the project and the parameter settings of the components it contains but not the
application itself.
The compendium is divided into the following parts:
● Configuration guidelines including checklist
● Process safety including two checklists
● Equipment Phases with SFC types
● Operation and maintenance including checklist
● Hardware installation including checklist
● Industrial Security

Subject of Part C - Equipment Phases with SFC Types

Part C focuses on implementing equipment phases with the help of SFC types.
The description can be used for individual phases in continuous processes or for supporting
SIMATIC BATCH applications in a "SIMATIC PCS 7-compliant" manner.
Particular attention is paid to the following topics:
● Terms
● State logics
● Functionalities
● Solutions, recommendations
● Connecting to SIMATIC BATCH

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Preface

Validity
This documentation is valid for the software packages:
● SIMATIC PCS 7 V8.2

SIMATIC PCS 7 in Industry Online Support

An overview of the most important technical information and solutions for SIMATIC PCS 7 is
available at http://www.siemens.com/industry/onlinesupport/pcs7.

SIMATIC PCS 7 documentation

Full SIMATIC PCS 7 documentation is available free of charge and in multiple languages in
PDF format at http://www.siemens.com/pcs7-documentation.

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8 Operating Manual, 08/2016, A5E35031809-AA
What's new? 3
The contents of the compendium have been updated in accordance with the new functions
and operator input options of SIMATIC PCS 7 V8.2.
Alterations and additions have been described in the following sections:
● Closing and resumption lockouts (Page 35)
● Calculations in the SFC (Page 57)
● “Extended continuous operation” function (Page 73)

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Introduction 4
About this topic
Hierarchical software structures are usually created during the automation of batch
processes. These structures are described in standards (see NAMUR NE33, ISA S88.01).
Both higher-level recipe control and the group control level have an important role to play
when it comes to hierarchical software structures, with the latter being of particular
significance in terms of engineering work. The software blocks used here are known
internationally (S88) as equipment modules (EM) and equipment phases (EPH), whilst in
German-speaking countries (NAMUR) they are known as "Technische
Einrichtungen" ("technical equipment") with "Technische Funktionen"
("technical functions") – GF = "Grundfunktionen" ("basic functions").

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 Introduction

Content of this document

This manual describes how equipment modules/phases can be implemented in
SIMATIC PCS 7 with the help of SFC types. It represents a supplement to the "SIMATIC
Process Control System PCS 7 SFC for SIMATIC S7"
(https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/ww/en/view/109736726) manual and provides
additional information as regards the configuration of EMs and their properties.
Various procedures are described at certain points throughout the documentation, although
they are not exhaustive. Sometimes a preferred procedure will be described; in other cases,
the selection will depend on various supplementary conditions, such as:
● Customer philosophy
● History
● Minimization of implementation work
● Minimization of system load
● Application
● Etc.
Within the framework of a project a consistent method should be selected and kept to
throughout the project.

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Introduction

Definition of terms
Internationally recognized terms are mainly used in this documentation. How these terms
relate to German terms previously used and their sources (standards) is shown in the table
below.

Term used in this document German English

(source) (source)
Unit Teilanlage (NE33) Unit
(NE33 English version and S88.01)
Equipment module (EM) in the physical Technische Einrichtung (NE33), Equipment module (EM)
model (plant model) Grundfunktionsbaustein (GF) (NE33 English version and S88.01)
Equipment phase (EPH) in the procedural Techn. Einrichtung, Technische Equipment phase (EPH)
model (recipe hierarchy) Funktion (NE33) (S88.01)
Setpoint (SP) Sollwert (= Führungsparameter) setpoint (customary)
(allg. üblich)
Process value (PV) Istwert (= Rückmeldeparameter) actual value, process value (custom-
(allg. üblich) ary)
Mode Betriebsart (allg. üblich) (operation) mode (S88.01)
State Betriebszustand (allg. üblich) (operation) state (S88.01)
Control Module (CM) Einzelsteuereinheit (allg. üblich) control module (CM) (S88.01)
Grundfunktionselement (GFE)
Control module Messstelle Control module (CM)
Equipment phase (EPH) Technische Einrichtung, Technische equipment phase (EPH) (S88.01)
Funktion (NE33)
P&I diagram Piping and instrumentation diagram P&I diagram

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Basics 5
This section describes the general structure of an equipment module using examples.

5.1 Equipment module

Equipment module (EM)

An equipment module (EM) is a closed process-engineering unit. It is used to implement a
task definition on the group control level and, thus, a process-engineering (sub)task.
The scope of equipment modules and the types derived from them can be freely defined. By
making the right selections, you will be able to find types which can be used outside of the
specific unit class, or even the specific plant, in question. On the other hand, specific
process-engineering features are reflected in the equipment module design so that it is rarely
possible to create general libraries which are not application-specific (unlike on a control
module).

5.1.1 Separation and shared resources

In order to specify the EM in a given plant structure, we recommend that all control modules
involved in implementing the same process-engineering function be grouped together in the
P&I diagram (example: Heating/cooling system, dosing devices, template, ventilation
system, etc.).
The separation between EMs (as components of a unit/S88: unit) and standalone units is not
always obvious, as the example of a reservoir shows. You should find the following
explanation useful:
“As a general rule, a unit can only be involved in the production of one batch at any given
time.”
If the process operation is configured such that the next batch will be started in the reservoir
while the previous batch is still being processed in the main unit, the reservoir must be
modeled as a separate unit.

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Basics
5.1 Equipment module

The aim of separating the EM is to assign precisely one EM to each control module. In some
cases it may be necessary for two different EMs to share one control module (CM) ("shared
resources"). This is not a problem for read-only access, but if actuators are to be activated,
the resolution of possible conflicts must be considered (S88: "arbitration").
Shared resources of this type should be avoided, as they generate additional planning and
configuration effort and come with the risk of usage conflicts during production. In practice,
however, shared resources cannot be avoided 100 % of the time.

See also
Multiplexing control modules (Page 48)

5.1.2 Reducing the number of different types

When defining the EM, take reusability into account so that the number of different EM types
can be kept as small as possible (reducing engineering work and the AS resources which
must be used). This relates to both the sequencing logic and the use of the same
instrumentation, as far as possible. If the plant equipment is not specified accordingly, work
with "optional CMs". Optional CMs are control modules which may be available in equipment
modules.

Note
You can find more information about this in the section titled Optional control modules
(Page 51)

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 Basics
5.1 Equipment module

5.1.3 Control strategies

Various process-engineering sequences can be implemented using the unit instrumentation
belonging to one EM. For example, acid dosing can both provide a certain amount of
substance as well as set a pH value. These alternative EM operating methods are referred to
as "control strategies" (CS). Control strategies have different sequences and different sets of
setpoint parameters.
In selecting the control strategy, different sequencers or alternative branches of a RUN
sequencer can be activated, along with the associated setpoint sets. The RUN sequencer is
activated via the starting conditions of the step sequencer, using the "QCS" output.
Control strategies and their associated step sequencers can be selected/deselected on an
instance-specific basis using the available equipment property during implementation.
The EM returns to its initial state to facilitate a change from one control strategy to another.
Depending on requirements, it may be necessary to implement an "active control strategy
change", whereby a new control strategy is activated directly from a different control
strategy, in order to prevent motors being switched off temporarily, for example.

Note
You can find more information about this in the section titled Active control strategy change
(Page 38).

5.1.4 Modes and states

An EM has different modes of operation (S88: Modes such as "manual", "automatic") and
various operating states (S88: states; e.g. "Starting", "Run", "Holding", etc.). The states are
defined in an operating state logic.
The SFC editor enables operating states and transitions to be used. These must be
coordinated with the EM states in conjunction with higher-level recipe control.

5.1.5 Self-terminating EM and non-self-terminating EM

Introduction
There are two ways of terminating an EM:
● Self-terminating EM
● Non-self-terminating EM
Both termination methods are supported by the operating state logic. The EM algorithm
controls this process by setting the corresponding states.

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Basics
5.1 Equipment module

Self-terminating EM
With a self-terminating EM, the EM algorithm automatically detects that the process-
engineering target has been reached and sets the state to "Completed". If "Auto" mode is
being used, the higher-level control resets the EM to its initial state. If "Manual" mode is
being used, the state either needs to be reset manually or the "selfreset" property needs to
be activated. A typical example of this is a dosing procedure.

Non-self-terminating EM
With a non-self-terminating EM, the EM algorithm runs until an interim target is reached and
sets the state to "Ready to complete". The phase remains active in this state. If "Auto" mode
is being used, the higher-level control (e.g. SIMATIC BATCH) detects this state and starts to
check the subsequent step enabling conditions in the control recipe. If these conditions are
met, a second handshake is performed with the EM, whereby the EM is disabled and reset
to its initial state. The higher-level control then activates the next recipe step. If "Manual"
mode is being used, the EM must be terminated manually.
A typical example of a non-self-terminating EM is a mixing procedure which is to be
terminated by an external event (e.g. the end of a dosing procedure running simultaneously):
● The active interim state is achieved when the target mixing speed is reached and is
signaled by the status READY_TC: "Ready to complete".
● The completed dosing procedure switches the mixer off.

5.1.6 Type and instance model

The type/instance model comes into effect when SFC types are used. This means:
● The block structure (list of input and output parameters, including default values) and
sequencing logic are defined in the SFC type. The sequencing logic is only able to
access the block inputs and outputs.
● The input parameters can be re-parameterized or interconnected and instance-specific
high and low limits can be defined, etc. at the SFC instance.
● Control strategies can also be selected/deselected at the SFC instance using the
available equipment property.
● Subsequent changes to the SFC type can be made at a central location. These changes
are automatically passed on to all SFC instances.
The type/instance model brings with it significant benefits when it comes to configuring,
qualifying, servicing, and maintaining the plant. However, it requires every value to be read
or written to be managed via the block inputs/outputs.

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 Basics
5.2 Example: Division in the P&I diagram

5.2 Example: Division in the P&I diagram

The following extract from a P&I (piping and instrumentation) diagram shows an example of
how control modules (CMs) are grouped together to form an equipment phase.
The encircled control modules each belong here to an EM (tempering, inserting, dosing).

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Basics
5.3 Example: EM type

5.3 Example: EM type

The figure below shows an example EM type, "temperature adjustment".

5.4 Performance specification, requirement specification, test log

As a supplement to the compendium, in the document "Work Templates for the Specification
of Equipment Phases with SFC Types"
(https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/ww/en/view/33412955) you will find practical
examples of performance specifications, requirement specifications, and test logs for the
following phases:
● Temperature
● Discharge

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 Basics
5.5 Template for creating an SFC type

5.5 Template for creating an SFC type

To help you create an equipment module you will find the following work templates in the
document "Work Templates for the Specification of Equipment Phases with SFC Types"
(https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/ww/en/view/33412955) as a supplement to the
compendium:
● Creating an SFC type
Planning template designed to facilitate implementation of the EM by means of the SFC
type.
● Instantiation
Table templates designed to facilitate instantiation of the SFC types).

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Components of equipment modules 6
The information provided in this section is required to implement an equipment module and
must be specified at the start of EM configuration. This information is needed in order to
write a requirement specification. These components are significant in terms of behavior
(e.g. control strategy) on the one hand, and for the interface of the SFC types (e.g. setpoints,
CMs) on the other.
The significance of these components is described in the SFC Online Help (keyword:
Characteristics of the SFC type) and is looked at again here from the point of view of the
"Equipment Module".
In the following example, the characteristics for an SFC type with the name SFC-Typ-DE
apply.

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 Components of equipment modules
6.1 Control strategies (CS)

6.1 Control strategies (CS)

Different process-engineering sequences within an equipment module can be defined by
means of control strategies. The active part of a phase is described in the different control
strategies, which are assigned either to separate sequencers or to alternative branches
within a sequencer.
The sequencer is activated by the normal start condition of the step sequencer (RUN=1)
additionally expanded by the desired control strategy (CS). The output (QCS) must be
queried in order to configure the starting condition.
The initial state of an EM is defined as the idle state.
The control strategies of an EM are relevant in SIMATIC BATCH, for example, and are
available for creating recipes.

6.2 Setpoints

Setpoints can be used to influence the behavior of the control strategies and the control of
the SFC type. The setpoints can be specified by means of operator input or by a higher-level
SIMATIC BATCH control. Setpoints can be assigned to individual control strategies.
When a setpoint is defined, an input is automatically created for the associated actual value.
Setpoints of an SFC type contain block contacts for process and control values.
The setpoints of an equipment module are BATCH-relevant and are referred to as
parameters on the higher-level SIMATIC BATCH control (not be confused with the
parameters of the SFC type).
Special features of setpoints are the "PI" and "PO" data types available, which represent a
REAL setpoint and are supplemented by the additional attributes "Material" and "Tracking
ID". Data types "PI" and "PO" are required, for example, if setpoint values are used with
reference to materials or material tracking via SIMATIC BATCH according to SIMATIC IT.
The "DEST", "SOURCE", "VIA", and "TKEY" data types are also available. You can assign
enumerations to these and they are required for SIMATIC Route Control and SIMATIC IT.

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Components of equipment modules
6.3 Process values

6.3 Process values

Process values are used to connect process signals (e.g. temperature or level) to the
function and to control the SFC type. Process values report actual values to the phase, so
the EM does not have to be activated. The individual signals can, therefore, be connected to
several equipment modules in order to use them in the sequencing logic.
Process values are primarily used for step enabling conditions in step sequencers.

6.4 Control values

Control values are used to control blocks which are not connected to the phase via the CM
interface. This can be used, for example, to separate a cascade controller.

6.5 Parameters
Parameters are used to modify the behavior of the SFC type on an instance-specific basis
(e.g. limit values, options).

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 Components of equipment modules
6.6 Bit memories

6.6 Bit memories

Bit memories serve as a clipboard for values. They are created as static variables, which are
not visible on the interface display in CFC.

6.7 Times
Timers are often needed when implementing equipment modules, such as a monitoring time
or run time for a mixer. Timers can be implemented using a standard timer block (TIMER_P),
which supports different modes. Possible modes for the timer block:
● Pulse
● Extended pulse
● ON delay
● ON delay with memory
● OFF delay
When the SFC type is used, the timer block is automatically embedded for processing times.

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Components of equipment modules
6.8 Note texts

6.8 Note texts

Note texts are used for displaying additional notes on the operator station (OS). They can
also be used to display additional information in tandem with a message in the event of an
error. Configuration work needs to be carried out in order to utilize this function.
The texts, which are predefined in the characteristics dialog, can be displayed simply by
setting an output (OPTIPNO) on the interface. These note texts can be acknowledged by the
operator. A note text is not connected to the signaling system; it is used for operator
prompting (visible as extra information).

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 Components of equipment modules
6.9 Block contacts

6.9 Block contacts

Block contacts are blocks on the control module. The control module (CM) is activated by the
equipment module. As well as block activation, feedback on the relevant state is also
required. These activations and feedbacks are connected to the EM via interface elements.
A cohesive group of interface elements is called a block contact.
In order to be able to use block contacts to connect basic control blocks, you must specify at
block type level the relevant I/Os for creating a link to an SFC type.
This is achieved by assigning the "S7_contact = true" system attribute to the block I/O. The
technological blocks from the PCS 7 Advanced Process Library are prepared accordingly. If
required, you can make project-specific modifications to the block types supplied in terms of
the relevant I/Os.

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Components of equipment modules
6.10 Position texts

6.10 Position texts

Position texts are used for the additional display of the current sequence state on the
operator station (OS). Position texts can be set in the sequential control system and
displayed on the EM faceplate. Furthermore, the position text can be used in a higher-level
control to query an interim state, for example. An example is the querying of rough/fine
dosing.

6.11 Messages
Equipment modules transmit messages, which can be set or reset from within the sequence.
To do this, the message class and message class must be defined. An example of a
message could be a valve fault message or an operator prompt.

6.12 Sequencing logic

The process engineering task itself is implemented in the sequencing logic. The behavior in
each individual EM state must be defined for the initial state and for every control strategy.

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State logic of equipment modules 7
Core statement
You can find the state logic used for the SFC type in the PCS 7 online help or in the
"SIMATIC Process Control System PCS 7 SFC for SIMATIC S7"
(https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/ww/en/view/109736726) manual under "Diagram of
the state transitions for SFC OSL".
The state logic of the SFC type has 16 different states:
● Ready [1] – Initial state; wait for Start command
● Starting [2] – Start processing after Start command
● Run [3] – Normal processing after ending the Start processing
● Completing [4] – Completion of processing after Complete command or implicit
completion
● Error (Completing) [5] – Error processing during Completion processing
● Completed [6] – Completion of processing is finished; waiting for Reset or Start command
● Holding [7] – Hold processing after Hold command
● Held [8] – Hold processing completed; waiting for Resume command
● Resuming [9] – Resume processing after Resume command
● Error [10] – Error processing if errors occur
● Held (error) [11] – Error processing is complete and no more errors are present; waiting
for Resume command
● Resuming (error) [12] – Resuming processing after Resume command
● Aborting [13] – Aborting processing after Abort command
● Aborted [14] – Abort processing is complete; waiting for Reset or Start command
● Stopping [15] – Stopping processing after Stop command
● Stopped [16] – Stop processing completed; waiting for Reset command

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State logic of equipment modules

A sequencer can be stored in the transient states (e.g. "Starting" [2], "Completing" [4],
"Aborting" [13], etc.):
Sequencers cannot be integrated in the final states (e.g. "Completed" [6], "Aborted" [14],
etc.).

State changes for SFC OSL

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 State logic of equipment modules
7.1 Starting/Run division

7.1 Starting/Run division

The normal sequence of events is determined by the following states, if no errors occur:
From "Starting" [2] to "Run" [3]:

A sequencer can be configured in each of the Starting [2] and Run [3] states. A Starting step
sequencer [2] is advantageous if several control strategies are used, where the same basic
settings are made prior to the Run step sequencer [3]. If a starting step sequencer is stored,
"Starting" remains on the block for as long as this step sequencer is being processed.
There are different philosophies when it comes to dividing sequence steps into the "Starting"
[2] and "Run" [3] states in terms of functions:
● The "Starting" state can be used as the state in which switch-on is actually to take place
(e.g. mixer on). In the Run state, the actuators are active.
● The "Starting" state can be used for preparation purposes (resetting of bit memories, etc.)
and the actual EM sequencing logic becomes active (and, therefore, the actuators are
switched on, for example) in the "Run" state.

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State logic of equipment modules
7.1 Starting/Run division

As a rule, the error case "Held (Error)" [11] or the case "Held" [8] must be carefully
considered:

A return from the "Resuming" [9] or "Resuming (Error)" [12] states leads directly to the "Run"
[3] state. If a lot of data is saved in the "Starting" state, this may also have to be carried out
in the "Resuming" state.
The "TARGETSEQ" and "TARGETSTEP" parameters can also be used to jump to a specific
step in a specific sequencer (notice: you must take the sequencer's starting conditions into
account).
● A start condition for the sequencer Starting [2]:
STARTING = Starting (TRUE)
● A start condition for the sequencer Run [3]:
RUN = Run (TRUE)

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7.2 Completing and Completed

7.2 Completing and Completed

In the "Completing" state [4], the EM is disabled and switched to the safe state in
accordance with the stored sequence.

A start condition for the sequencer Completing [4]:

● COMPLETING = Completing (TRUE)
In many cases, these are the same sequences as for the "Aborting" [13] or "Stopping" [15]
states. In this case, the "Completing" [4] sequencer can also be used for "Aborting" [13] and
"Stopping" [15]. In this case, the start condition for the sequencer "Completing" [4] is:
● COMPLETING = Completing (TRUE)
or
● ABORTING = Aborting (TRUE)
or
● STOPPING = Stopping (TRUE)
In the "Completed" state [6], the EM is disabled and waiting to be reset. The reset function
can be set using a parameter (SELFRESET) in such a way that it will be performed
automatically (without operator input) in "Manual" mode. In "Automatic" mode, this is carried
out by the higher-level recipe control.

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State logic of equipment modules
7.3 Differences between the "Held" and "Held (Error)" branches

7.3 Differences between the "Held" and "Held (Error)" branches

The "Held" [8] branch is intended for scheduled/desired holding procedures. This can also be
achieved by means of operator input in SIMATIC BATCH, for example.
The "Held (Error)" [11] branch is intended for an "undesired" error case and is not to be
activated manually (except for test purposes).
It is frequently the case that the same thing is implemented in both branches.

7.4 Holding, Held, and Resuming

In the "Holding" state [7] the normal sequence is held and switched to the safe state in
accordance with the stored sequence. This can also consist of a targeted shutdown in
several stages.
● A start condition for the sequencer Holding [7] is:
HOLDING = Holding (TRUE)
In the "Resuming" state [9] the EM currently in the "Held" state [8] is resumed. There are
various positions at which the active sequencer may be further processed.

See also
Returns when resuming (Page 54)

7.5 Error, Held (error), and Resuming (error)

In the "Error" state [10] the lower-level blocks are switched to a safe state. This can also
consist of a targeted shutdown in several stages.
● A start condition for the sequencer Error [10]:
ERROR = Error (TRUE)
In the "Resume" state [12], the EM currently in the "Held" (error) state [11] is restarted. There
are various positions at which the active sequencer may restart.

See also
Returns when resuming (Page 54)

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 State logic of equipment modules
7.6 Aborting and Stopping

7.6 Aborting and Stopping

In the "Stopping" state [15] the EM is retracted in a controlled manner, similar to with the
"Completing" state [4] (e.g. the product is transported out of the worm). In the Aborting
branch [13] everything is disabled immediately, without observing an order or any feedback
(worm off immediately). For the most part, however, the same sequence is implemented in
the "Aborting" [13] and "Stopping" [15] states.

● A start condition for the sequencer Aborting [13]:

ABORTING = Aborting (TRUE)
● A start condition for the sequencer Stopping [15]:
STOPPING = Stopping (TRUE)
The "Aborting" state [13] can be reached from "Stopping" [15], although not vice versa.

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Functionalities and Solution Paths 8
This section describes the individual task definitions/behaviors of an EM, along with possible
solutions.
The solutions refer to creation using the SFC type.

8.1 State change

An SFC-type state change (step sequencer change) can be achieved in one of the following
ways:
● In "Manual" mode, by means of a manual operation (e.g. via the EM faceplate)
● In "Automatic" mode, by means of the automatic interface
● Via LOCK inputs for interconnections (e.g. LOCKERROR)
● Via INT inputs (e.g. INTHOLD) for a state change from the sequencer
In this context, it is really easy to use INT elements in the sequencer. The INT input is simply
activated. The SFC-type state logic evaluates and immediately resets the IN-OUT
parameter. The state change will take place if it is permitted within the state diagram. If the
command cannot be executed, it will be rejected.

An example of using an INT command is the transition to the Error state (INTERROR) as a
function of a condition.

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 Functionalities and Solution Paths
8.2 Closing and resumption lockouts

8.2 Closing and resumption lockouts

An SFC is started only when the requirements for starting are fulfilled. The start enable must
be set (ENSTART = 1) and the SFC must be in a state in which starting is permitted. The
closing and resumption lockouts are both instance-specific.
The closing lockout is interconnected via the default input "ENSTART" (for starting from the
initial state) or "ENASTART" (for starting from the "Run" state – see "Active control strategy
change"). The interlock can be implemented by means of a series-connected interlock block.
The "ENRESUME" input is used for the resumption lockout.

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Functionalities and Solution Paths
8.2 Closing and resumption lockouts

Using the SFC with SIMATIC BATCH

With a Start command SIMATIC BATCH expects a status change within a preset time. In the
BATCH Control Center this time can be specified under “Options > Settings > Project
settings for 'SB_MP' >Warning/error”.

If the status change does not take place within the specified time, SIMATIC BATCH reports
an error (symbol: red flash) in the batch.

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8.2 Closing and resumption lockouts

Processing of process-engineering starting conditions when using SFC/SFC type with

SIMATIC BATCH
If SIMATIC BATCH outputs a STARTING command to an SFC (or SFC type), SIMATIC
BATCH checks that this is executed correctly.
If there has been no response to this command after a predefined wait time (approx. 30
seconds), SIMATIC BATCH responds with an error. In order for the batch to continue, this
error must be acknowledged with the “Resume” command.
This is the recommended behavior if an external error (e.g. motor error) results in the start
enable (ENSTART) of the SFC not being set.
If process-relevant conditions (e.g. dosing device available), not including function-relevant
conditions, are also switched to ENSTART, SIMATIC BATCH responds in the same way.
Generally speaking, however, this is not desirable.
In this case the batch should continue without acknowledgment once the starting condition is
in place.
The following solutions can be implemented to meet this requirement:
1. Query of the process-engineering starting condition in a recipe transition before the start
of the recipe phase
In this case, SIMATIC BATCH only issues the starting command once the process-
engineering starting condition has been met.
2. The process-engineering starting condition is set not to ENSTART but to a dedicated
process value input on the SFC. This value is checked in a transition in the running
(/starting) sequence in the SFC.
In this case, SIMATIC BATCH issues the starting command immediately and this is also
executed immediately by the SFC/SFC type (state transition IDLE > RUN). The SFC/SFC
type then waits for the process-engineering starting condition to be in place at the transition.

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Functionalities and Solution Paths
8.3 Active control strategy change

8.3 Active control strategy change

"Active control strategy change" means that a control strategy can be started while another
one is running.
An active control strategy change is activated/deactivated on the SFC type via the
“ENASTART” (enable active start = “Start” enable command (in Run)) input. If the
"ENASTART" input is activated, an active control strategy can be aborted when another is
started. The same control strategy can also be restarted.
In many cases, the starting conditions for the active control strategy change are the same as
those for starting from the initial state. Other conditions can be added to the starting
conditions. A condition could be, for example, that the other control strategy may only be
switched to once a particular step has been performed in the sequencer. A restriction may
also be assigned to the control strategies to be started. This restriction must be implemented
by means of external logic.

Note
A prepared control strategy is only adopted during SFC start (both in MANUAL and in
AUTO).
If the SFC instance has already started, it must be aborted, stopped, held or processed to
the end in order to be able to start again. You can achieve this in MANUAL by means of
operator input and in AUTO by interconnecting the appropriate inputs (ABORT, STOP,
HOLD, START, RESTART). Note the operating state logic (OSL).

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 Functionalities and Solution Paths
8.4 Setpoint changes during operation

8.4 Setpoint changes during operation

If a setpoint needs to be changed during operation, please observe the following:
● Consideration must be given to the setpoint change within the EM sequential control
system. It may be the case that a return must be performed within the sequence when a
setpoint is changed, or that the setpoint must be assigned in each relevant step (e.g.
when forwarding to a CM).
● The setpoint in the EM can only be changed if that EM is in "Manual" mode. In
"Automatic" mode, setpoint operation is blocked for equipment modules. In this case, the
setpoint operation must be performed by the higher-level recipe control (SIMATIC
BATCH).
● If a setpoint change needs to be made in the active state, it must be enabled on the EM
block for every setpoint. The enable is implemented via input "xx_ENOP" (xx: I/O name of
the setpoint). If input "xx_ENOP" is activated, the setpoint can be changed. The input can
also be set or reset in the sequencing logic.
● The setpoint change also has to be activated in the faceplate. The screenshot below
shows the setting for faceplate in the image @pg_@sfc_type_actualsp.PDL:

If no setpoint change is required during operation, you can deactivate it for all SFC types in
the dialog box too.

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Functionalities and Solution Paths
8.5 Transmitting messages

8.5 Transmitting messages

Messages are transmitted in an EM with an SFC type via the inputs "SIG_x" bzw. "NSIG_x".

These elements must be reset by the block, if the situation which triggered the message has
been remedied.

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 Functionalities and Solution Paths
8.5 Transmitting messages

An SFC type contains one Alarm_8P and two Notify_8P blocks, although some messages
are allocated by default.

The messages are directly connected to the "SIG_X" und "NSIG_X" inputs. For example,
input "NSIG_12" is the fourth message in the second Notify_8P block (SIG4).

I/O name Message identifier Message block

SIG_2 SIG2 Alarm_8P
SIG_3 SIG3 Alarm_8P
SIG_4 SIG4 Alarm_8P
SIG_5 SIG5 Alarm_8P
SIG_6 SIG6 Alarm_8P
SIG_7 SIG7 Alarm_8P
SIG_8 SIG8 Alarm_8P
NSIG_12 SIG4 2. Notify_8P
NSIG_13 SIG5 2. Notify_8P
NSIG_14 SIG6 2. Notify_8P
NSIG_15 SIG7 2. Notify_8P
NSIG_16 SIG8 2. Notify_8P

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8.5 Transmitting messages

The messages themselves can be edited within the SFC type in the PCS 7 message
configuration window using the “SFC > Message ...” command.

Alternatively, you can adapt the messages instance-specifically via the "Messages" button in
the block property dialog.

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8.6 Using times

8.6 Using times

8.6.1 Example: Using times

Times are often used in an EM. The SFC type allows these times to be defined in the
characteristics dialog. The "TIMER_P" block is used for each time. The interface elements of
this block are added to the interface of the SFC type.
The time counter’s mode can be set via input "xx_MODE” (in the example xx = TI_Mixer).

5 time modes are available:

● ExtP (start timer as extended pulse)
● Off-D (start timer with off delay "Off-D")
● OnDel (start timer with on delay )
● Pulse (start timer as pulse)
● RetOn-D (start timer with retentive on delay)
This should be reset prior to using a time. To do this, the "xx_RESET" input is set to 1 and
the input for starting the time is reset (xx_I0 = 0).
It is also possible to load the time (xx_TIME0).

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Functionalities and Solution Paths
8.6 Using times

As this is what the SFC type requires. If the setpoint is defined in minutes, then the time
must be calculated in seconds.
The SFC calculation can be used in steps or transitions or block "MUL04" can be used for
calculating the time. The time setpoint (e.g. SP_Mix_Q) is interconnected with input "IN1" of
block "MUL04". A process value (e.g. PV_Mix) containing the time in seconds is also defined
on the EM and interconnected with output OUT of the "MUL04" block.

Once the time "xx_Q0" has been reset, the sequencer can continue.

The reset command on the "Termination" tab is also reset (xx_RESET = 0).

If the time is to be started now, the input pulse of the time counter (xx_I0) can be set.

You query whether the time has expired via the output pulse (xx_Q0 = 1).

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8.6 Using times

8.6.2 Example: Calculating the elapsed time

In the example, the time which has elapsed thus far is also displayed as an actual value. The
elapsed time is calculated in minutes using the "SUB02" and "DIV02" blocks. The output of
the "DIV02" block is interconnected with actual value "SP_Mix_AI".

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Functionalities and Solution Paths
8.6 Using times

8.6.3 Example: Times in Hold

If a time is used (as described up to now), it continues to run if the EM switches to the
"Holding" state. If you do not want this to happen, the time must be stored temporarily.
A bit memory is defined for temporary storage in the characteristics dialog (e.g. saved time
(I/O name: FL_time)).

The time currently remaining is assigned to the bit memory (xx_PTIME). The input pulse of
the time counter (xx_I0) also has to be reset.

The remaining time can be set again in the "Resuming" state.

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8.7 Presetting control strategies

8.7 Presetting control strategies

To prevent the most recently executed control strategy being offered as a new control
strategy on starting, a control strategy can be defined as the "Default".
Once the SFC has been executed, the control strategy selected as the default is
automatically offered for the SFC faceplate's "Prepare control strategy" setting.

8.8 Instance-specific deselection and selection of control strategies

If the type/instance model is used, it may be necessary to deselect control strategies or
sequences on an instance-specific basis in order to limit the number of different types.
For example, for an "Acid-dosing" SFC type the temperature (control strategy 1, standard)
can be set, as can a dosing procedure optionally be set purely using the pH value (control
strategy 2).
If an equipment module at a unit is only designed for dosing an amount of acid (pH
measurement not available), you will need to deselect control strategy 2 at the SFC instance.
If pH dosing is not necessary, the acid supply can be avoided using control strategy 3
(bypass).

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Functionalities and Solution Paths
8.9 Multiplexing control modules

Advantage: 3 SFC types do not have to be created and maintained; instead using control
strategies you can select an instance-specific control strategy.

If the "Allow operator instruction" check box is ticked, operator instructions for SIMATIC
BATCH are enabled. These instructions can be output to the operator during the recipe
sequence. Values with or without acknowledgement of the instruction can be entered via the
operator dialog.

8.9 Multiplexing control modules

If a control module (CM) needs to be activated by several equipment modules, please
observe the following:
The CM cannot be connected to the EM directly. You need a block which will duplicate the
connection elements (CM inputs). Furthermore, it makes sense for the block to manage CM
assignment too.
There is no default block for this purpose, due to the different interfaces of the various CMs
which could be used. You have to create the block on a project-specific basis.
Alternatively, ready-made blocks such as the ShrdResL and ShrdResS can be found in the
AP library. These blocks coordinate the access from up to four CFC or SFC step sequencers
to a technological block of the families “Drives” or “Dose”. These blocks include:
● Motors
● Valves
● Dosers

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 Functionalities and Solution Paths
8.10 Control modules in Auto and Manual modes

8.10 Control modules in Auto and Manual modes

Introduction
CMs can be operated both in "Manual" (operating personnel) or "Automatic" (operation via
the EM) modes. The four most important options in terms of which mode CMs can be
operated in are described below.

All CMs always in Automatic

All CMs are switched to "Auto" mode when in their initial state. If a CM is switched to
"Manual" mode, the EM develops an error (ERROR). The equipment module can only be
started when all CMs are in "Auto" mode (QAUTMAN=AUTO).

All CMs in Manual in Initial and Hold states

The CMs can only be switched to "Manual" mode when in their initial state and when in
"Hold". The EM can only be started when all CMs are in "Auto" mode (ENSTART). The CMs
must be switched to "Automatic" mode prior to starting.

Example of implementation:
An additional output (control value) is created in order to switch all CMs to "Automatic" mode
(e.g. QV_rel_manual). This element is set in the Initial and Hold states and reset in all other
states.

The "QV_manual" output is interconnected with "ModLiOP" input of the CMs. Output
"OpenAut" (for VIvL) can now be set in the sequencers in accordance with the logic of the
CM blocks in order to switch the CM to "Automatic" mode.

All CMs in Automatic on start

All CMs are switched to "Automatic" mode when started by the EPH. If all CMs are not
switched to "Automatic" mode after the start, the EM enters the ERROR state.
If a CM in the active branch is switched to "Manual" mode, the EPH develops an error.

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8.10 Control modules in Auto and Manual modes

All CMs to AUTO on activation only

The CMs are only switched to "Automatic" mode when the equipment module performs an
activation in the sequencer. The EM can also be started without all CMs being in "Auto"
mode. CMs can be switched to "Manual" mode at any time without the EM developing an
error.
Other options and combinations are also possible. The correct one for each particular case
will depend on the business and plant operators in question, as well as on how the
equipment modules are being used. For example, may a CM be operated manually at all,
and what is the plant’s level of automation?
The way in which an EM responds to CM operation will have an effect on recipe control. If
the equipment module switches to "Hold", SIMATIC BATCH will respond as well.

Note
Rules for automatic operation
In order for the Batch Control Server's commands to be processed in automatic mode, the
following inputs must remain unconnected in the interface block and their values set to "1":
• ENSTART
• ENCOMPLETE
• ENHOLD
• ENRESUME
• ENABORT
• ENSTOP
• ENRESET

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8.11 Optional control modules

8.11 Optional control modules

When defining an EM, it makes sense to keep the number of EM types to a minimum. This
can be achieved by using optional CMs for the EM types.
An optional CM is a process tag or single control unit, which is not available in every SFC
instance. This could mean, for example, that various control strategies cannot be executed in
these SFC instances. These control strategies must be blocked in the SFC instance.
However, it may be the case that a control strategy can work with or without optional control
modules.
Optional control modules must be detected in the sequencer and queries performed as to
their existence. This is achieved using parameters.

An optional CM can always be activated from the sequencer. However, for the purpose of
querying the state of optional control modules, it will be necessary to take account of
whether or not the CM is actually present; this query can be performed using parameters.

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Functionalities and Solution Paths
8.12 Setting position texts

8.12 Setting position texts

The position is set in the corresponding steps. In each case, the relevant number is assigned
to the "POSINO" input. As the position texts are displayed in the EM faceplate, it makes
sense to use them in the sequencer.
The same position number can be assigned to associated steps within a sequencer.

These position numbers must be defined in the characteristics in advance.

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8.13 Self-terminating and non-self-terminating equipment modules

8.13 Self-terminating and non-self-terminating equipment modules

Introduction
There are two ways of terminating an EM:
● Self-terminating equipment module
● Non-self-terminating equipment module
The SFC type supports both methods. The configuration is set via the SELFCOMP input.
The SELFCOMP input changes the termination behavior of the active sequencer in the SFC
type.

Self-terminating EM
An example of a self-terminating EM is the dosing procedure. When dosing is complete, the
equipment module will be closed automatically.

Non-self-terminating EM
An example of a non-self-terminating EM is the mixing procedure.
If the SELFCOMP input is configured with 0 (false), the SFC remains in the "Run" state and
sets the READY_TC output (= ready to complete).
In this case, the higher-level SIMATIC BATCH control must be informed that the EM has
performed its task. This is reported via the READY_TC output. SIMATIC BATCH can check
the following step enabling conditions in the control recipe. If these conditions are met, a
second comparison is made with the EM, whereby the EM is disabled and reset to its initial
state. The higher-level control then activates the next recipe step.

READY_TC = ReadyTC (TRUE)

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8.14 Returns when resuming

8.14 Returns when resuming

Starting from the beginning

You can implement the active sequencer in such a way that it is restarted from the beginning
on resumption (see image). This keeps the resumption branch [9] relatively small. In this
case, flow counters or dosing measurements, for example, may not be reset in the active
sequencer; rather, they must be switched to the "Starting" state.
This can be achieved with the RUNHOLD = TRUE I/O at the instance: When there is a
change from "Run" [3] to "Holding" [7], the previous sequencer is aborted and the new
sequencer is started.
(RUNHOLD = Response of the RUN-Seq to the "Hold" command: 0: Hold/1: Abort)

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8.14 Returns when resuming

Resuming in a defined step

There is also an option to return from "Resume" to a defined step in the active branch. In this
case, the resumption step is more complex, as the valves or motors, for example, have to be
appropriately activated again.

Returning to an exited step

Another option is to return to the step from which the active sequencer has been exited.
This can be achieved via RUNHOLD = FALSE (default value) at the instance: When there is
a change from "Run" [3] to "Hold" [7], the previous sequencer is held and the new sequencer
is started.

Example: Return to a defined step

To enable a defined step to be returned to during resumption, the step must be defined while
the active sequencer is being executed.
In the example, the process is to resume from step 2. The process is held in step 3. On
resumption, step 2 must be entered as the resumption step.

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Functionalities and Solution Paths
8.14 Returns when resuming

First, step flags (FL_CUSEQ, FL_CUSTEP), in which the current step (CUSEQ, CUSTEP)
can be saved, are defined. Data types which are not available in the characteristics are
required for this, so the flags must be defined in the I/O view.

The defined FL_CUSEQ and FL_CUSTEP step flags are activated in step 2.
(Step 2 is the step to be returned to during the resumption procedure.)

If the process is to be resumed in the Held state, the return is entered in the resumption
sequencer (via TARGETSEQ and TARGETSTEP).

If the active sequencer starts, a jump will be performed to the resumption step which has
been set – this is provided that the sequencer in the "Resume" state and the one in the
"Run" state are different sequencers.

Note
Only one target step can be programmed in a sequence. If the target step is located in a
parallel branch, the sequence cannot be terminated, as not all parallel branches will be
active.

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8.15 Calculations in the SFC

8.15 Calculations in the SFC

Calculations in the SFC

SIMATIC PCS 7 V8.2 calculations can be configured in steps, transitions or sequencers in
the SFC Editor. After compiling and loading the program in the AS, the calculations are only
performed during SFC run time.

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Functionalities and Solution Paths
8.16 Start conditions for sequencers

8.16 Start conditions for sequencers

The point at which the sequencer is to be started is defined in the sequencer starting
conditions. These conditions form the basis of the relationship between the state logic and
the sequencers. The starting conditions for a sequence can be defined via the “Sequencer
properties...” command.

The “ACTIVE” sequence is used by way of example to show the starting conditions:
● RUN = Run (TRUE) and
● QCS = 1 (control strategy 1) and
● READY_TC <> ReadyTC (flag READY_TC is not yet set)
In some states, executing the final step of a sequencer results in a state change (implicit),
such as "Starting", "Holding", etc., but in other states this is not the case. In these states the
starting conditions remain active, so the sequencer is started over again. However, this is
undesired in most cases.
You will find two examples of SFC types, along with their required transient-state starting
conditions, in the SFC Library. These types are "TypeCtrlStrategy" (FB 1026) and
"TypeStates" (FB 1025).

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8.17 "Preprocessing"/"Postprocessing" Tab

8.17 "Preprocessing"/"Postprocessing" Tab

For each sequencer, you configure the start condition and, optionally, the action for
preprocessing and postprocessing.

These actions are executed as follows during cyclic execution of the SFC sequencer:
● Preprocessing: Prior to the initialization or processing or termination of a step
● Postprocessing: Following the initialization or processing or termination of a step
Preprocessing includes the actions to be executed in every cycle after the sequencer has
started and before the steps and transitions are processed. Postprocessing are the actions
to be executed in every cycle after processing the steps and transitions. This, for example,
allows you to make pre-settings or to pass on the results of the sequencer execution.

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Notes, recommendations, and guidelines 9
9.1 Naming

Introduction
Adding a prefix to the connection elements when naming I/Os is recommended to make it
easier to distinguish between the connection elements of the individual characteristic groups
(setpoints, parameters, control values, etc.) of an EM.
A time element, for example, always starts with "TI_". A mixing time would be called
"TI_Mixer", for example.

Examples

Characteristic Prefix Example

Control strategies FW_ (CS_) FW_ph_Temp
Setpoints SP_ SP_mixing_time
Process values PV_ PV_container_temperature
Control values QV_ QV_enable_Manual
Parameters IN_ IN_temp_hysteresis
Bit memory FL_ FL_time
Timers TI_ TI_mixing_time

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 Notes, recommendations, and guidelines
9.1 Naming

Note
Keep to the recommendations provided here regarding the number of maximum characters
allowed when assigning names.
Text strings of more than 16 or 32 characters will be truncated when the name, text, or string
is passed to the AS or AS blocks.

Name
● No special characters apart from "_"
● No umlauts
● Maximum length: 16 characters (e.g. name of the SFC type)
● ID characteristic (visible designation for batch objects, e.g. for setpoints in master recipe
and batch)

Step sequencers
● Maximum length of sequencer, step, and transition names: 16 characters

Data type
● Relevant for the data types: BOOL, INT, DINT, REAL, PI, PO, String
● PI and PO are analog values for process inputs and outputs with the additional attributes
"Material" and "Tracking ID". The value range and unit of measurement are read by the
recipe system. The data types PI and PO are used for SIMATIC BATCH and for values
with reference to materials.
● The DEST, SOURCE, VIA, and TKEY data types (data types for Route Control) can also
be used.

Length of I/O name

● Setpoints and times: <= 16 characters
● Block contact: <= 10 characters
● All other characteristics: <= 24 characters

Note
When the interface is generated, suffixes are added to the names of the automatically
created I/Os for setpoints, times, and block contacts. When selecting names, remember
that only the first eight characters of all contacts can be viewed in CFC.
Long I/O names are only visible in full as tooltip texts.
To ensure that names remain distinguishable, unique, and uniform, it is best to define a
naming convention at the start of configuration work.

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Notes, recommendations, and guidelines
9.1 Naming

Comment
● Maximum length: 80 characters
● Only visible in the characteristics dialog
● Value range (low and high limit: <I/O name>_LL and <I/O name>_HL)
● Relevant for the data types: INT, DINT, REAL, PI, PO
● Can be edited in the instance block for data types

Initial value
● Default setpoint value
● Can be set on an instance-specific basis within the value range already defined

Text length
● Relevant for the data type: String
● Can be defined within the value range [1,254]
● Recommendation: Max. text length 32 (for an explanation see notes on this section)

Precision
● Relevant for the data types: REAL, PI and PO
● Determines the number of decimal places to be displayed
● Can be set to between 0 and 7

Unit
● Relevant for the data types: INT, DINT, REAL, PI, PO
● Defined in shared declarations (max. 16 characters)
● Can be edited on an instance-specific basis in the "S7_unit" system attribute

Text0 and Text1

● Relevant for the data type: BOOL
● Can be edited at the instance as the "S7_string1" or "S7_string0" system attribute
● Defined in shared declarations (max. 16 characters)
● Is not displayed in SIMATIC BATCH

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9.1 Naming

Enumeration
● Relevant for the data types: BOOL, INT and DINT
● Can be edited at the instance as the "S7_enum" system attribute
● Defined in shared declarations (max. 16 characters)

Possible settings for archiving

● No archiving (S7_archive := 'false')
● Archiving (S7_archive := 'shortterm')
● Long-term archiving (S7_archive := 'longterm')
● Can be edited on an instance-specific basis for I/Os with S7_m_c = 'true'

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Notes, recommendations, and guidelines
9.2 Combining sequencers

9.2 Combining sequencers

The actions to be realized in each state must be defined for every control strategy of an EM.
For example, if there are five control strategies and 12 SFC states, this results in a not
inconsiderable number of sequencers (even when you take into account the fact that in
some states no sequencers are implemented).
As an SFC type may contain a maximum of 32 sequencers, they must be combined in a
sensible way. Sequencers can be combined in the following ways:
● Combination on the control strategy level
● Combination on the state level
● Combination of both methods

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9.3 Editing within the project

Combination on the control strategy level means that there is a sequencer for every control
strategy, with branches to the different states within this sequencer.

A rigid combination according to control strategies or states does have its disadvantages and
cannot be sustained if RUNHOLD = FALSE (resumption if a step is held in "RUN"). It would
make more sense to use a combination of the two methods.
Combine the states containing sequences specific to a control strategy (e.g. "STARTING",
"RUN", etc.) in a control-strategy sequencer. States which contain the same sequence in
every control strategy (e.g. "ERROR") can be combined to form a sequencer. The same
sequence is often performed in different states (e.g. "Completing" and "Stopping").

9.3 Editing within the project

SFC types can be created in projects as well as in libraries.
If changes made to an SFC type apply to all SFC instances, for many SFC instances it can
make sense to change the SFC types in a library. Only once this has been done will the
changes be transferred into the project, which makes the editing process faster and ensures
that data is consistent in the multiproject.
You can also create a small test project, where the SFC types and an SFC instance of each
are stored. The SFC types can be tested in this project prior to use, before they are copied
over to the actual project.

9.4 Block size of an SFC type

The block size of an SFC type depends on many factors and their combinations, such as the
number of setpoints, control values, sequencers, steps, whether many REAL or BOOL
setpoints are used, etc.
In theory, it is possible to make calculations in advance using a formula contained in the
SIMATIC PCS 7 documentation. The system resource requirements can be determined
using the Excel worksheet, “SFC-Ressources-V8-deDE.xls or SFC-AdditionalRessources-
V8-deDE.xls”. Because the necessary details (e.g. number of steps, setpoints) are often not
known at the outset, pre-calculations are often not possible.
These documents can be found under the following path: C:\Program Files
(x86)\SIEMENS\STEP7\s7sfc
The maximum block size is 64 KB. The actual block size of an SFC type can be determined
using its FCs in the block folder.

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Notes, recommendations, and guidelines
9.5 SFC type following CPU STOP/restart

9.5 SFC type following CPU STOP/restart

A setting can be made for every SFC, specifying whether it is initialized following a CPU
restart (the approach in SIMATIC PCS 7 versions lower than V7.0) or whether the SFC
continues to be processed from the interruption point (the step which was active prior to the
CPU STOP).

Note
Further information can be found in the FAQ “How can error outputs be reset without starting
the productive step sequencer?”
(https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/ww/en/view/48933314).

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9.5 SFC type following CPU STOP/restart

Example: “Initialize SFC” startup characteristics

Scenario: The CPU has been stopped and the startup characteristics of the SFC have been
set to “Initialize SFC”.

The SFC stops at the active step.

Result: The SFC is initialized following a CPU restart, i.e. the operating state is
“Ready” (IDLE) and all steps are initialized. The "AUTO" or "MANUAL" mode remains
unchanged.
In the “Ready” operating state, a starting command is possible in the following modes:
● In MANUAL mode, the “Start” command
● In AUTO mode, the SIMATIC BATCH starting command
SFC visualization operation in the OS: For manual operation, the operating mode must be
switched from AUTO to MANUAL. Only the “Start” function is possible. The SFC is executed
again.
Operation of the BATCH batch: It is possible to specify when to continue, terminate or stop
an interrupted batch following manual operation. The batch can also be resumed during a
different step.

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9.6 Non-retentive and retentive sequencers

“Retain SFC status” startup characteristics

Scenario: The CPU has been stopped and the startup characteristics of the SFC have been
set to “Retain SFC status”.

The SFC stops at the active step.

SFC visualization operation in the OS: Following the CPU restart, the SFC is visualized in its
current state. The last active step before the CPU was stopped is highlighted. The SFC waits
for manual operation by the user. The operating mode must be switched from AUTO to
MANUAL. The step to be resumed can be selected. The Resume, Abort or Stop functions
are possible. Further procedures can be specified according to your process.
Operation of the BATCH batch: It is possible to specify when to continue, terminate or stop
an interrupted batch following manual operation. The batch can also be resumed during a
different step.

9.6 Non-retentive and retentive sequencers

Introduction
Activations within a step in the SFC type are usually retentive. However, another option for
configuring sequential control systems is to use non-retentive sequencers.

Retentive sequencers
With a retentive sequencer, only changes are configured in the relevant steps. The
advantage of this approach is that the number of activations in the steps is reduced, as only
certain activations are performed. Note must be taken of the predecessor which has been
processed and the activations which have already been performed.
With retentive sequencers, nothing needs to be taken into account as regards SFC.

Non-retentive sequencers
With a non-retentive sequencer, all activations are set in each step. This means that the
activations being performed can be tracked in every step, which improves clarity.
To implement a non-retentive sequencer, the activations must be set on the "Initialization"
tab and reset on the "Termination" tab in every step in the sequencer.
Non-retentive sequencers do involve more configuration effort.

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9.7 Connecting to SIMATIC BATCH

9.7 Connecting to SIMATIC BATCH

For an SFC type, the connection to SIMATIC BATCH is carried out directly via the definition
of the SIMATIC BATCH category (see EPH and EOP (Page 70)). SIMATIC BATCH is able to
read out the batch characteristics (control strategies and setpoints) of an SFC type
configured in the batch categories directly, as well as the associated SFC instances. This
means that no additional interface blocks are needed for an SFC type.
Communication/flow of data for the control commands, status and parameter transfer is
performed via WinCC variables.
The figure below shows a schematic view of communication or the interaction between the
SFC type and SIMATIC BATCH – the so-called PC-based mode.

From SIMATIC BATCH version V7.1 SP2 onwards there is also the so-called AS-based
mode. SIMATIC BATCH is also able to read the characteristics configured in the SFC type
(control strategies and setpoints) of a type and the related instances in this new mode.

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Notes, recommendations, and guidelines
9.8 EPH and EOP

9.8 EPH and EOP

When creating SFC types, you can set whether this SFC type is used for SIMATIC BATCH
(category) under Properties (in the Options tab).
You can select the following categories for the SFC type:
● None (not used in SIMATIC BATCH)
● EOP (equipment operation)
● EPH (equipment phase)

The difference between EOP and EPH becomes apparent in the SIMATIC BATCH recipe
editor. If EPH is selected, a corresponding RPH (recipe phase) is generated in the BATCH
system. The recipe phase can be used in the SIMATIC BATCH recipe editor as part of
recipe operations.
If EOP is selected, a closed recipe operation which can be used on the operation level in
recipes is generated on the recipe level.
If the SFC type should not be used for SIMATIC BATCH, then select the setting "None".

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9.9 Multiple instances of a type in a unit

9.9 Multiple instances of a type in a unit

From SIMATIC BATCH version 8.1, multiple instances of the same SFC type can be
addressed within a unit. In order to distinguish between several block instances of an SFC
type within a unit, the block instance names have to be different.
Up to version V8.1 of SIMATIC BATCH, configurations with more than one instance of a
function or operation type within a unit were rejected with a plausibility error during the
compilation or merging of batch instances.

9.10 Closing lockout, start disable for SIMATIC BATCH

It is possible to disable or interlock the start of an equipment module from SIMATIC BATCH
via input "BA_EN = FALSE".
If the EM is then enabled for SIMATIC BATCH (BA_EN = TRUE), the recipe procedure can
continue to be executed with "Resume".

9.11 Start and resumption lock for SIMATIC BATCH for equipment
module previously started manually
From SIMATIC BATCH V8.1 onwards, each manual start of an SFC creates the same status
information as those that are started automatically. This therefore ensures that all manual
commands create the same status information as those that were started automatically by
the control recipe. The functionality is implemented and cannot be turned off. Each status
event for equipment phases and operations generates a message on the PCS 7 OS. These
messages form part of the batch report.

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Notes, recommendations, and guidelines
9.12 Continuous function

9.12 Continuous function

The Continuous function is intended for recipe creation and batch control in SIMATIC
BATCH.
"Continuous" is frequently used for non-self-terminating phases (e.g. mixing).
Non-self-terminating phases are not terminated by conditions (e.g. level reached), but rather
by operator input or a higher-level recipe system (see the section Self-terminating and non-
self-terminating equipment modules (Page 53)).
In a recipe system, however, it is not always required to switch off a mixer, for example,
between two recipe steps; you may instead want to let the mixer continue running at a
different speed.
The behavior of the state logic must be taken into account during configuration in order to
implement this function.
If the "Continuous" function is selected in the recipe, the next time the phase is started from
within the recipe it will not pass through the transition states "Completing" [4], "Completed"
[6], etc., until it reaches "Run" [3]; rather it will switch directly from "Run" [3] to "Starting" [2].
You must take note of the transition states or sequencer steps in which the motor for the
mixer, for example, is switched off.
The "ENASTART" input on the block must also be set to TRUE so that the sequencer can be
started again.
The "Continuous" function is available for non-self-terminating phases.

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9.13 “Extended continuous operation” function

9.13 “Extended continuous operation” function

The continuous operation of equipment phases has been extended as of version V8.2 of
SIMATIC BATCH. In the project settings, you can specify whether continuous or extended
continuous operation is used.
Until now, equipment phases have been completed automatically by the end of the batch at
the latest in continuous operation and the unit enabled. In extended continuous operation the
equipment phases can be assigned to other batches even once the unit has been completed
and enabled. The equipment phases retain their “RUN” status.

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Service and support 10
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 Service and support

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