Binomial Series: By: Norsafurawati Binti Asaari JMSK/PKB
Binomial Series: By: Norsafurawati Binti Asaari JMSK/PKB
SERIES
The sum of terms
BINOMIAL
Expression which contain two terms connected by a
plus or minus sign.
Examples:
n= index
a=first term
b=2nd term
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BINOMIAL SERIES
The expansion of ( a + b )ⁿ…………….
If n=0 ; (a+b)0 = 1
If n=1 ; (a+b)1 = a + b
If n=4 ; (a+b)4 = ?
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CONCLUSION # 1:
The quantity of terms = n + 1
If n=4; (a+b)4= + + + +
4+1 = 5 terms
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CONCLUSION #2:
“a” decreases in power moving from left
to right.
(a+b)0= 1
(a+b)1= a1 + a0
(a+b)2= a2 + a1 + a0
(a+b)3= a3 + a2 + a1 + a0
(a+b)4= a4 + a3 + a2 + a1 + a0
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CONCLUSION #3:
“b” increases in power moving from left to
right.
(a+b)0= 1
CONCLUSION #4:
A coefficient of a term can be obtained by
using PASCAL’S TRIANGLE
(a+b)0 = 1
PASCAL’ TRIANGLE
(a+b)0 = 1
If n = 0 ; 1
(a+b)1 = 1a1b0 +1a0b1
If n = 1 ; 1 1
(a+b) = 1a b + 2a b + 1a b
2 2 0 1 1 0 2
If n = 2 ; 1 2 1
Eg: = +
**Adding the two adjacent coefficients above in the previous row
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PASCAL’ TRIANGLE
If n = 0 ; 1
If n = 1 ; 1 1
If n = 2 ; 1 2 1
If n = 3 ; 1 3 3 1
Eg: = +
**Adding the two adjacent coefficients above in the previous row
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PASCAL’ TRIANGLE
If n = 0 ; 1
If n = 1 ; 1 1
If n = 2 ; 1 2 1
If n = 3 ; 1 3 3 1
If n = 4 ;
Eg: + = 6
PROBLEM 1 :
Expand (x +2y )4 using Pascal’s Triangle method.
Solution:
eXERCISE 1 :
Determine, using Pascal’s Triangle Method, the
expansion of
b)
ANSWER
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BINOMIAL THEOREM
(n= INTEGER POSITIVE)
(a+b)n = T1 + T2 + T3 + … + Tn
BINOMIAL COEFFICIENT
n
Cr or
FACTORIAL NOTATION
Example: 5! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120
(notes: 1! = 1 and 0! = 1)
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Example:
6
C4
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PROBLEM 2a:
Expand ( 1 + x ) 6 using Binomial Theorem’s method.
SOLUTION:
a=1
b=x
n=6
exercise 2a :
By using Theorem Binomial’s method, expand
(ii) ANSWER
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T1 T2 T3 Tn
PROBLEM 2b:
Determine the 5th term for the expansion of (2+x)5
SOLUTION:
From (2+x)5, a = 2
b=x
n=5
r=5–1=4
Hence, n
Cr an-r br = 5C4 25-4 x 4
= 5 (2) (x4)
= 10x4#
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PROBLEM 2c:
From the expansion of (2+x)4, find the coefficient for x3.
SOLUTION:
Hence, n
Cr an-r br = 4
Cr 24-r xr
coefficient variable
x r
= x3
r = 3
Coefficient of x 3 = 4C3 24-3
= 4 (2)
= 8# Substitute the value of ‘r’
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EXERCISE 2b :
By expanding (x-2y)6, determine the fourth term.
ANSWER
EXERCISE 2c :
Find the coefficient of x3 from the expansion of
ANSWER
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BINOMIAL THEOREM
(a+b)n = T1 + T2 + T3 + … + Tn
PROBLEM 3a:
Expand (1-x)1/2 using Binomial Theorem.
SOLUTION:
Hence,
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PROBLEM 3b:
Expand (2+x)-2 by using Binomial Theorem.
SOLUTION:
where; a=1
b = x/2
n = -2
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Exercise 3 :
Find the expansion of until the fourth term.
ANSWER
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APPROXIMATION
(using Binomial Theorem )
STEP:
1. Change the given approximation’s value to the basic
binomial expression (1+b)n
2. Identify the value of b and n and substitute into the
formula above (Binomial Theorem)
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PROBLEM 4a:
where; a=1
b = 0.02
n=6
= 1.12616
= 1.1262# (4 decimal places)
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PROBLEM 4b:
Determine the approximation for using Binomial Theorem
correct to 4 significant figure.
SOLUTION:
where; a=1
b = -0.002
n = -2
Hence,
= 1.004# (4 s.f)
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PROBLEM4c:
Expand the binomial expression, (1+2x)5 until the first four terms,
hence determine the approximation of (1.0024)5 correct to
54decimal places.
SOLUTION:
Hence,
continue
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APPROXIMATION
(without using Binomial Theorem)
(1+b)n ≈ 1 + nb
PROBLEM 5a:
Binomial Theorem.
SOLUTION:
where; a=1
b = 0.02
n = 1/2
Hence,
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PROBLEM 5b:
solution:
where; a=1
b = -0.005
n = -1
Hence,
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PROBLEM 5c:
Binomial Theorem.
SOLUTION:
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Problem 5d:
SOLUTION:
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EXERCISE 4 :
Find the approximation of without using the
Binomial Theorem.
ANSWER
ANSWER : EXERCISE 1a
(2x+3y)3
.
ANSWER : EXERCISE 2a (i)
(2-3x)4
= 3CO(2)4(-3x)0 + 3
CO(2)3(-3x)1 + CO(2)2(-3x)2 +
3
CO(2)1(-3x)3 +
3
CO(2)0(-3x)4
3
.
ANSWER : EXERCISE 2b
(x-2y)6
a=x
b = -2y
n=6
r = 4–1 = 3
= 20 x 3 (-8y3)
= -160x 3y3
.
ANSWER: EXECISE 3
.
ANSWER :EXERCISE 4
.
ANSWER : EXERCISE 1b
.
ANSWER : EXERCISE 2a (ii)
.
ANSWER : EXERCISE 2c
Cran-rbr =
n 12
Cr(-1)rx12-3r
⋮
r=3,
coefficient for x 3
= -220