DATTA MEGHE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AIROLI

CIVIL & INFRASTRUCTURE

ENGINEEERING
DEPARTMENT

COURSE: BASICS OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND ITS

PLANNING

COURSE CODE: - CIC (304)

ACADAMIC YEAR: -2021-2022

FACULTY NAME: - DR. S. B. PATIL

PROJECT
TOPIC: Power Generation and Distribution

Name of Group Members

Name Roll No
Benhail Manning CS-32
Amit Maurya CS-34
Aman Mishra CS-37
Chaitanya Shahane CS-52
Ritesh Shingote CS-57
 BUILDING AND INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING
Power generation
It is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy.
Electricity is not freely available in nature, so it must be “produced” (that is, transforming other forms of energy
to electricity). Production is carried out in power stations (also called “power plants”).

Total worldwide gross production of electricity in 2016 was 25,082 TWh. Sources of electricity were coal and
peat 38.3%, natural gas 23.1%, hydroelectric 16.6%, nuclear power 10.4%, oil 3.7%,
solar/wind/geothermal/tidal/other 5.6%, biomass and waste 2.3%

The different sources of power generation are as follows: -

1) Coal Power Generation: –
A coal-fired power station or coal power plant is a thermal power station which burns coal to generate
electricity. Worldwide there are about 8,500 coal-fired power stations totalling over 2,000 gigawatts capacity.
They generate about a third of the world’s electricity. The hundred largest coal power stations range in size
from 3,000MW to 6,700MW.
As of 2020 two thirds of coal burned is to generate electricity. In 2020 coal was the largest source of electricity
at 34%. Over half coal generation in 2020 was in China. About 60% of electricity in China, India and Indonesia
is from coal.
In 2020 worldwide 2059 GW of coal power was operational, 50 GW was commissioned, and 25 GW started
construction (most of these three in China); and 38 GW retired (mostly USA and EU).
2) Nuclear power generation: -
A nuclear power plant (sometimes abbreviated as NPP) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a
nuclear reactor. As is typical of thermal power stations, heat is used to generate steam that drives a steam
turbine connected to a generator that produces electricity. As of 2018, the International Atomic Energy Agency
reported there were 450 nuclear power reactors in operation in 30 countries around the world. Nuclear power
plants supplied 2,586 terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity in 2019, equivalent to about 10% of global electricity
generation, and was the second-largest low-carbon power source after hydroelectricity. As of September 2021,
there are 444 civilian fission reactors in the world, with a combined electrical capacity of 396 gigawatt (GW).
There are also 53 nuclear power reactors under construction and 98 reactors planned, with a combined capacity
of 60 GW and 103 GW, respectively. The United States has the largest fleet of nuclear reactors, generating over
800 TWh zero-emissions electricity per year with an average capacity factor of 92%. Most reactors under
construction are generation III reactors in Asia.
3) Water Power Generation (Hydroelectricity): -
Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity produced from hydropower. In 2015, hydropower
generated 16.6% of the world’s total electricity and 70% of all renewable electricity, and was expected to
increase by about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years. Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the
Asia-Pacific region generating 33 percent of global hydropower in 2013. China is the largest hydroelectricity
producer, with 920 TWh of production in 2013, representing 16.9% of domestic electricity use.

4) Wind Power Generation: -

The Indian government has installed over 800 wind-monitoring stations all over country through National
Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) and issued wind potential maps at 50m, 80m, 100m and 120m above ground
level. The recent assessment indicates a gross wind power potential of 302 GW in the country at 100 meter and
695.50 GW at 120 meter above ground level.
Installed wind power capacity and generation in India since 2007Wind power accounts for nearly 10% of
India’s total installed power generation capacity and generated 62.03 TWh in the fiscal year 2018–19, which is
nearly 4% of total electricity generation. The capacity utilisation factor is nearly 19.33% in the fiscal year 2018-
19 (16% in 2017–18, 19.62% in 2016-17 and 14% in 2015–16). 70% of annual wind generation is during the
five months duration from May to September coinciding with Southwest monsoon duration.
5) Solar power generation: -
Solar power is the conversion of renewable energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using
photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination. Many industrialized nations
have installed significant solar power capacity into their grids to supplement or provide an alternative to
conventional energy sources while an increasing number of less developed nations have turned to solar to
reduce dependence on expensive imported fuels.
Solar power in India is a fast-developing industry as part of the renewable energy in India. The country’s solar
installed capacity was 48.556 GW as of 30 November 2021.The Indian Government had an initial target of 20
GW capacity for 2022, which was achieved four years ahead of schedule. In 2015 the target was raised to 100
GW of solar capacity (including 40 GW from rooftop solar) by 2022, targeting an investment of US$100
billion. India has established nearly 42 solar parks to make land available to the promoters of solar plants. The
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy had stated that a further 36.03 GW (as of January 31, 2021) of solar
projects are under various stages of implementation and 23.87 GW are in the tendering process. With about 300
clear and sunny days in a year, the calculated solar energy incidence on India’s land area is about 5,000 trillion
kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year (or 5 EWh/yr).The solar energy available in a single year exceeds the possible
energy output of all of the fossil fuel energy reserves in India.
6) Natural gas: -
It can be used as a fuel in vapour electric plants in order to produce vapour that, at a high pressure, activates a
turbine, which makes the alternator turn. In order to create high- pressure vapour, water is superheated in a
boiler: by hermetically closing the container, the vapour pressure increases and then violently gets out towards
the turbine. With reference to the performance of these plants, approximately 40% of the energy contained in
the fuel is transformed into electricity. The remaining 60% is lost during energy conversion from chemical to
thermal, mechanical and electric.

7) Oil energy: -

Oil energy is a non-renewable source of energy. It is a fossil fuel. Other fossil fuels are coal and natural gas. Oil
has been used for more than 5000 years. Oil energy is mostly used in cars and various other automobiles. All
the energy in oil, gas, and coal originally came from the sun, captured through photosynthesis. In the same way
that we burn wood to release energy that trees capture from the sun, we burn fossil fuels to release the energy
that ancient plants captured from the sun.
Power plant
A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an
industrial facility for the generation of electric power. Power stations are generally connected to an electrical
grid. Many power stations contain one or more generators, a rotating machine that converts mechanical power
into three-phase electric power. The relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor creates an
electric current.

Types of different power plants

 Nuclear power plants.
 Hydroelectric power plants.
 Coal-fired power plants.
 Diesel-fired power plants.
 Geothermal power plants.
 Gas-fired power plants.
 Solar power plants.
 Wind power plants

Summary
In this report we have seen many different types and ways of generating power for residential purposes. With
multiple different sources for generating power a few being coal, nuclear, wind and solar to name a few. These
sources are used to generate power and electricity as a few of the generators are of coal power, water or hydro
power, wind power, oil, natural gas, nuclear and solar power generators which generate power and electricity
for consumption. We also see what are power plants and what they are used for. Also seeing their various types
of different power plants and what source materials are used at their core to generate power.