Engineering Data

ANSYS, Inc. Release 12.1

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Table of Contents
Basics of Engineering Data ......................................................................................................................... 1
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 1
User Interface ......................................................................................................................................... 2
Menu Bar ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Toolbar ............................................................................................................................................. 3
Toolbox ............................................................................................................................................ 3
Outline Filter Pane ............................................................................................................................ 4
Outline Pane .................................................................................................................................... 4
Properties Pane ................................................................................................................................ 6
Table Pane ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Chart Pane ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Working with Data Sources ..................................................................................................................... 7
Working with Data .................................................................................................................................. 8
Perform Basic Tasks in Engineering Data ................................................................................................ 10
Material Data ............................................................................................................................................ 13
Definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Sample Libraries ................................................................................................................................... 13
Default Material Assignment for Model Parts ......................................................................................... 14
Supported Properties ........................................................................................................................... 14
Suppression of Mutually Exclusive Properties ........................................................................................ 18
Charting ............................................................................................................................................... 18
Validation ............................................................................................................................................. 19
Curve Fitting ......................................................................................................................................... 19
Perform Material Tasks in Engineering Data ........................................................................................... 19
Material Property Support for the Mechanical Application ..................................................................... 21
Special Considerations .................................................................................................................... 21
Electromagnetic Material Properties ............................................................................................... 22
Mutually Exclusive Properties ................................................................................................................ 23
Mechanical Material Curve Fitting ......................................................................................................... 24
CAD Materials ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Appendix A: Material Library File Format ................................................................................................ 27
Index .......................................................................................................................................................... 29

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Basics of Engineering Data
The following topics cover the basics of using Engineering Data:
Overview
User Interface
Working with Data Sources
Working with Data
Perform Basic Tasks in Engineering Data

Overview
Engineering Data is a resource for material properties used in an analysis system. Engineering Data can be
used as a repository for company or department data, such as material data libraries. The Engineering Data
workspace is designed to allow you to create, save, and retrieve material models, as well as to create libraries
of data that can be saved and used in subsequent projects and by other users.

Engineering Data can be shown as a component system or as a cell in any Mechanical analysis system. As
a standalone component system, the workspace accesses all material models and properties by default.
When viewed as a cell in a Mechanical analysis system, the workspace shows the material models and
properties pertinent to that system's physics.

To access Engineering Data:

1. Insert an Engineering Data component system or a Mechanical system into the Project Schematic.
2. Select Edit from the Engineering Data cell's context menu, or double-click the cell.
3. The Engineering Data workspace appears. From here, you can navigate through the data for your
analysis system, access external data sources, create new data, and store data for future use.

If you share an Engineering Data cell with one or more other analysis systems, be aware that changes in
one system will change the data for all systems with which the data is shared.

Definitions
The Engineering Data documentation makes use of the following terminology:

Term Definition
Engineering Data The cell of a system in the Project Schematic, which contains engineering data.The
default name is Engineering Data.

Also see the definition topic for individual topics:

• Material Definitions

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Basics of Engineering Data

Modes of Operation
• Data for an Analysis - You can create data or retrieve stored data which can then be assigned to the
model of the analysis system. You can also review, modify, and suppress the data used by an analysis
system.
• Data Libraries - You can create, edit, and save a library made up of the data that you use most often.
This library can then be used in another project or analysis system.

The data contained in Engineering Data is automatically saved when the project is saved.

User Interface
The Engineering Data workspace is an integrated feature of Workbench and displays relevant items based
on the items you select (click) in the various panes.

Layout Reference
Presented below is the default layout configuration for the Engineering Data view. You can further modify
this configuration using the View menu.

Legend Name Description

A Menu Bar Operations for Engineering Data and Project.
B Toolbar Operations for Engineering Data and Project.
C Toolbox Data items that can be included into Engineering Data.
D Outline Filter Pane Displays the available data sources and their location, edit state
and description.
E Outline Pane Displays the outline of the contents of the selected data source in
the Outline Filter pane.

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 Toolbox

Legend Name Description

F Properties Pane Displays the properties of the selected item in the Outline pane.
G Table Pane Shows the tabular data for the selected item in the Properties
pane.
H Chart Pane Shows the chart of the item selected in the Properties pane.

Menu Bar
The following items in the menu bar are provided by Engineering Data or affect Engineering Data:

Menu Selection(s) Description

File Import Engineering Data Imports data into the selected data
source.You must change a library data
source to edit mode in order to import
it.
Export Engineering Data Exports the selected data source or
selected items to disk.
Edit Delete Deletes the selected item.
View Various Choices This ANSYS Workbench menu can be
used to adjust the panes you see while
in the Engineering Data workspace.
See View Menu in the ANSYS Work-
bench help.
Units Various Choices This ANSYS Workbench menu can be
used to change the units you see while
using Engineering Data. See Units
Menu in the ANSYS Workbench help.
Help Various Choices This ANSYS Workbench menu
provides access to help information.

Toolbar
The following item in the toolbar is provided by Engineering Data or affects Engineering Data:

Image Description
Toggle to filter data based on the system(s) containing this Engineering Data.The default
is to filter this information (see Filtering).

Toolbox
Engineering Data will filter the Toolbox to those items which are applicable for the current selection. For
example, in the Layout Reference graphic, the current selection is Structural Steel. The Toolbox presents
items in the following categories:

• Material properties and models

• Additional tabular data that can be added to a property or model
• Curve fitting of data

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Basics of Engineering Data

Outline Filter Pane

The Outline Filter pane provides the filter of data sources to the Outline pane. This pane is used to manage
data sources that you have available to you. It will always show the Engineering Data ( ) belonging to the
system you are editing, as well as Libraries ( ) and Favorites ( ). You can perform the following actions
in this pane:

• Create a new library

• Add an existing data source
• Remove a data source from the list
• Enable the editing of a data source
• Save a data source

Edit Column

The edit column ( ) is used to mark a library for editing. When exiting edit mode, you will be prompted
to save the library.

Location Column
The location column shows a diskette button. Hold the mouse cursor over the diskette button to display a
tool tip that includes the path to the data source. If you are editing the data source, you may save to the
location ( ) (if the internal format is supported for export, see Exporting (p. 8)), or save as a different file-
name and/or location ( ). You may also load an existing library from file by clicking the file open button
(... ).

Outline Pane
The Outline pane shows an outline of the contents of the selected data source. You can perform the following
actions in this pane:

• Create a new material

• Delete a material
• Rename a material
• Suppress a material
• Add a description for a material
• Add a material to the system from an external data source
• Select a default material for the solid and or fluid parts of a model

Contents Column
The contents column shows the name of the items contained in the selected data source. The type and
status of the item is indicated by an icon to the left of the name.

Material

The status of the material is indicated as follows:

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 Description Column

The data contained in this material is valid data (see the Validation and Filtering topics).

Some data contained in this material requires attention (see the Validation and Filtering topics).

Suppression Column

The suppression column ( ) shows the suppression status of the item and may also be used to switch the
status (see Suppression). This column is only displayed when the selected data source is Engineering Data.

Add Columns
The add columns are used to add an item from an external data source to Engineering Data for the system
you are editing, and indicates if the item is included in Engineering Data. This column is only displayed when
the selected data source is other than Engineering Data. Click on the addition button ( ) to add the item
to Engineering Data. When an item is included in Engineering Data it is indicated by the presence of an icon
( ). An alternate way to add an item to Engineering Data is to drag the item from the Outline pane to
the Outline Filter pane and drop it on the data source you want to add the item to.

Default Column

The default column ( ) shows those items which will be included by default into Engineering Data when
it is created in a new system. This column is only displayed when the selected data source is Favorites.

Source Column
The source column shows the source of the data in that row and if it is linked to a file. Hold the mouse
cursor over the link icon to display a tool tip that includes the path to the linked source.

Linked Data

The status of the data contained in Engineering Data to the linked source is indicated as follows:

The data matches the data in the linked source.

The data doesn't match the data in the linked location.You may refresh from the linked source
using the context menu (right-click).
The data could not be found in the linked source or the linked source is missing.

You have the option of viewing the linked source, refreshing from the linked source, or deleting the link to
the source by using the context menu (right-click).

Description Column
The description column displays the description for the item contained in the data source. Hold the mouse
cursor over the description to display a tool tip with the complete description. If the column is too small,
you may still see the contents without resizing.

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Basics of Engineering Data

Properties Pane
The Properties pane shows the properties for the item selected in the Outline pane. You can perform the
following actions in this pane:

• Add additional properties, tabular data, or curve fitting (from the Toolbox)
• Delete a property
• Modify constant data
• Suppress a property
• Parameterize a property

Property Column
The property column lists the properties for the item selected in the Outline pane. Selecting a property will
change the contents of the Table pane and Chart pane. The type and status of the item is indicated by an
icon to the left of the name.

Material Property

The status of the material property is indicated as follows:

The material property is described in a single property data (see the Material Definitions topic).

Some data contained in this material property requires attention (see the Validation and Fil-
tering topics).
The material property is described in a collection of property data (see the Material Definitions
topic).
Indicates that the collection of property data requires attention (see the Validation and Filtering
topics).

Value Column
The value column is used to change data for a property or indicates that the data for the property is tabular
( ). If the item selected in the Outline pane is not editable this column will be shown disabled.

Unit Column
The unit column displays the unit of the data shown in the value column . If the column is editable (see
Units Menu), changing the unit will convert the value into the selected unit (there is no net change in the
data, so the solution is still valid).

Suppression Column

The suppression column ( ) shows the suppression status of the item and may also be used to switch the
status (see Suppression (p. 9)).

Parameter Column

The parameter column ( ) shows the parameterization status of the item and may also be used to switch
the status (see Parameterize (p. 9)).

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 Working with Data Sources

Table Pane
The Table pane shows the tabular data for the item selected in the Properties pane. If there are independent
variables (for example, Temperature) for the selected item and the item is constant, you may change it to
a table by entering a value into the independent variables data cell. If a row is shown with an index of *,
you may add additional rows of data. The data may be sorted by using the filter item in the header of the
column.

Tabular Data Filter

In Engineering Data, if a material property has more than one independent variable, one of those variables
will be chosen by Engineering Data to be a primary independent variable. All independent variables excluding
the primary independent variable are shown in the left pane and are used as a filter. The row chosen in the
left pane will filter the content in the right pane. This is shown in the figure below, the filter is shown in the
left panel, while the filtered contents are shown in the right panel.

The data is separated in this way to make it easier to visualize and modify but the data is maintained in a
single table by Engineering Data.

Chart Pane
The Chart pane shows the chart of the selected item in the Properties pane.

Working with Data Sources

A data source contains engineering data information. There are three types of data sources used in the En-
gineering Data workspace: Engineering Data, Libraries, and Favorites. The data sources are viewed in the
Outline Filter pane. The procedures for working with data sources are discussed in Perform Basic Tasks in
Engineering Data (p. 10).

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Basics of Engineering Data

Engineering Data
Engineering Data is the source of the material information that is used for the analysis of the system it is
contained in. The information in an Engineering Data component system is used if shared to an analysis
system. Engineering Data allows you to view, edit, and add data for use in your analysis system.

Library
A library is the term used for a collection of engineering data. Engineering Data allows you to add a library
for viewing, editing, and adding additional data. To edit a library, select the checkbox to the right of the
library's title. You can add items from the library to Engineering Data for use in your analysis system.

Favorites
The favorites ( ) data source is the location for those items that you use frequently and allows you to mark
items as defaults for a new analysis system. You can add items from other data sources to the favorites using
the context menu (right-click). You can add items from the favorites to Engineering Data for use in your
analysis system. Material defaults for newly created systems may be assigned in the context menu (see Ma-
terial Defaults).

Importing
You can import data into an existing data source (if it is editable) or import it as a library. The following
types of files are supported for import:

• Engineering Data libraries exported from Workbench 9.0 to 11.0 SP1

• Material(s) file following the MatML 3.1 schema
• Material(s) file generated by AUTODYN

Import into Existing Source

When you use the Import Engineering Data menu item, the data contained in that source will be added
to the currently selected data source (if edit enabled).

Import as Data Source

When you use the "..." open file dialog in the Outline Filter pane, the selected data source will be added
to the list of data sources.

Exporting
You can export a complete data source or the selected items in a data source. The following format is sup-
ported for export:

• MatML 3.1 schema for Material(s)

Working with Data

Modifying
You can modify both constant and tabular data.

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 Suppression

Constant Data

You modify constant data by changing the value and/or unit of that data in the Properties pane. The value
and unit together constitute one integral piece of information, or datum. The value is modified by selecting
the cell in the Value column and typing in the new value. If available, modifying the unit will convert the
value to correspond to the new unit (see Units Menu). If the value entered is not in the acceptable range it
will be indicated in yellow and will cause the state of the Engineering Data cell to change to Attention Re-
quired.

Tabular Data

If the data is in a tabular format it is indicated in the Value column ( ). This data is modified in the Table
pane and each datum is a value and unit as one integral piece. The value is modified by selecting the cell
in the variable column you want to change. If the value entered is not in the acceptable range, it will be
indicated in yellow and will cause the state of the Engineering Data cell to change to Attention Required
(see Validation (p. 19)). The unit is shown in the header, and if available, modifying the unit will modify each
datum for that variable to have the same unit (see Units Menu).

Parameterize
Data can be parameterized to allow it to be used in parametric studies and design points (see Design Points).
To parameterize an item in the Properties pane, choose the checkbox in the parameter column ( ). The
parameter value can then be changed in the Parameters and Design Points workspace. Use caution when
parameterizing data that is dependent on other data to maintain valid data. The parameterized data is always
calculated from the original values, so also use caution when modifying data in the parameter workspace
to avoid computer precision problems.

Constant Data

When you parameterize constant data, the constant data can be changed by the Parameter Workspace but
the original datum is not modified. The original datum is restored when the parameterization is removed.

Tabular Data

You can parameterize tabular data by parameterizing the scale and/or offset for all of the tabular data. The
scale value varies the curve by multiplying the y-axis value of each point on the curve. The offset is added
to or subtracted from a y-axis value for each point on the curve. The equation used for varying each datum
value in the tabular data is:

Property = Scale * Nominal Value + Offset

The original tabular data is not modified, but the scale and/or offset datum are restored to the defaults of
1.0 and 0.0 when the parameterization is removed.

Suppression
Data may be defined but suppressed to prevent it from being sent to a downstream cell in the system. For
example, suppressing a material or material property will prevent it from being used in the model. A data
item may be suppressed by selecting the checkbox in the suppression column ( ). Suppressed items are
shown by a strike through the name (for example, ) and the check box being selected in the
suppression column.

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Basics of Engineering Data

Filtering
Engineering Data will filter the data which pertains to the project system being edited, by default. The filtering
is based on the Physics, Analysis Type, and Solver. You can turn filtering on and off in the toolbar ( ). All
data is transferred to the solver regardless of filtering being turned on or off.

Perform Basic Tasks in Engineering Data

Task Procedure
Access Engineering In the Project Schematic:
Data.
1. Double-click the Engineering Data cell or right-click the Engineering Data
cell and select Edit...

Import data into a data 1. Access Engineering Data.

source. 2. Select a data source in the Outline Filter pane.
3. Check the Edit library box to the right of the data source title.
4. Choose File> Import Engineering Data....
5. Select a file and choose Open.

Note

Only recognized data will be imported into the data source.

Import data as a data 1. Access Engineering Data.

source. 2. Select the browse button (...) in the last row of the Outline Filter pane.
3. Select a file and choose Open.

Note

Only recognized data will be imported.

Export a data source. 1. Access Engineering Data.

2. Select a data source in the Outline Filter pane.
3. Choose File> Export Engineering Data....
4. In the Save As dialog, select the folder, provide a filename, and choose
Save.

Export individual data. 1. Access Engineering Data.

2. Select a data source in the Outline Filter pane.
3. Select one or more items in the Outline pane.
4. Choose File> Export Engineering Data....
5. In the Save As dialog, select the folder, provide a filename and choose
Save.

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 Perform Basic Tasks in Engineering Data

Task Procedure
Combine data sources. 1. Perform the "Import Data as a data source" task for each of the data sources
you want to combine.
2. Perform the "Edit a data source" task to combine into an existing data
source, or perform the "Create a library" task to combine into a new library.
3. Select a data source.
4. From the Outline pane drag the item of interest into the Outline Filter
pane and drop the item on the data source you want to combine.
5. Complete the above operation for all items of interest.
6. Choose the Save button ( ) in the Outline Filter pane.

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Material Data
This section examines the function and use of material properties within Engineering Data.
Definitions
Sample Libraries
Default Material Assignment for Model Parts
Supported Properties
Suppression of Mutually Exclusive Properties
Charting
Validation
Curve Fitting
Perform Material Tasks in Engineering Data
Material Property Support for the Mechanical Application
Mutually Exclusive Properties
Mechanical Material Curve Fitting
CAD Materials

Definitions
The documentation for Material Data makes use of the following terminology:

Term Definition
Property This is the identifier for the singular information (for example, Density) that together with
other properties defines or models the behavior of the material. A property is always defined
by at least one table (tabular data), which could be singular. Some properties can contain a
collection of tabular data (for example, Isotropic Elasticity).
Property data This is the identifier for tabular data (for example,Young's Modulus).

Sample Libraries
Engineering Data provides sample material data categorized into several libraries. You must validate that
the data is consistent with the material you are using in your analysis. If you are viewing the library in an
analysis system, the contents of a material will be filtered to that system (see Filtering (p. 10)). The samples
are part of the installation and are located in the path ANSYS Inc.\v121\Addins\Engineering-
Data\Language\<lang>\Samples.

The following libraries are included:

General Materials
This is a library of general use materials and consists mostly of metals that can be used in various analyses.
General Nonlinear Materials
This is a library of general use nonlinear materials for performing nonlinear analyses.
Explicit Materials
This is a library of materials containing data specific for use in an explicit dynamics analysis.

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Material Data

Hyperelastic Materials
This is a library of "materials" containing stress strain data which can be used to experiment with curve
fitting (see the Curve Fitting (p. 19) topic). The data doesn't correspond to any particular material.
Magnetic B-H Curves
This is a library of materials containing B-H Curve data specific for use in a magnetic analysis.

Default Material Assignment for Model Parts

Engineering Data is configured at installation with the default material assignments as Structural Steel for
solid parts and as Air for fluid parts. You can change these defaults or remove the default for an individual
analysis system or for each newly created analysis system. If the Engineering Data cell is shared and the
default is changed, the first Model cell Edit action uses the current default.

To change the default settings for each newly created analysis system, access Favorites, select the material
you want to use as the default, and change the context menu selection for Default Solid Material or Default
Fluid/Field Material. You can also choose to not have a default material by selecting the current default
and removing the selection in the context menu. Including and setting that material as the default for the
Model (or not setting the default) will affect all subsequent systems created in the project.

To change the default settings in an analysis system (before the Model cell is edited), in the Outline pane,
choose the material that you want to assign as the default to the model parts and change the selection in
the context menu for Default Solid Material for Model or Default Fluid/Field Material for Model. You
can also choose to not have a default material assigned to the model parts by selecting the current default
and removing the selection in the context menu.

You can replace a default material assignment in the Model by deleting the default material and then re-
freshing the Model, which will assign the active default material.

Supported Properties
The supported material properties are defined by the analysis system(s) that contains or shares the Engin-
eering Data cell. If filtering is active (see Filtering (p. 10)), you will only see the supported material properties.
See the following table topics for those material properties supported by a given analysis system. The min-
imum material properties required for a given analysis are marked with an asterisk (*). Select the link to read
more information about a particular property. If temperature dependency is supported, the material property
will be marked with f(T).

Analysis System Properties

Electric (ANSYS) *Isotropic Resistivity
Orthotropic Resistivity
Explicit Dynamics Density
(ANSYS) Isotropic Elasticity
Orthotropic Elasticity
Viscoelastic
Bilinear Isotropic Hardening
Multilinear Isotropic Hardening
Bilinear Kinematic Hardening
Multilinear Kinematic Hardening
Johnson Cook Strength
Cowper Symonds Strength
Steinberg Guinan Strength

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 Supported Properties

Analysis System Properties

Zerilli Armstrong Strength
Neo-Hookean
Mooney-Rivlin (2, 3, 5, and 9 Parameter)
Polynomial (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Yeoh (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Ogden (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Specific Heat
Drucker-Prager Strength Linear
Drucker-Prager Strength Stassi
Drucker-Prager Strength Piecewise
Johnson-Holmquist Strength Continuous
Johnson-Holmquist Strength Segmented
RHT Concrete Strength
MO Granular
Bulk Modulus
Shear Modulus
Polynomial EOS
Shock EOS Linear
Shock EOS Bilinear
Crushable Foam
Compaction EOS Linear
Compaction EOS Non-Linear
P-alpha EOS
Plastic Strain Failure
Principal Stress Failure
Principal Strain Failure
Stochastic Failure
Tensile Pressure Failure
Crack Softening Failure
Johnson Cook Failure
Grady Spall Failure
Specific Heat

See Material Models Used in Explicit Dynamics Analysis for a description of these
properties.
Harmonic Response *Density f(T)
(ANSYS) Damping Factor (β)
Constant Damping Coefficient
*Isotropic Elasticity f(T)
Orthotropic Elasticity f(T)

See Linear Material Properties for a description of these properties.

Anisotropic Elasticity
Linear Buckling (AN- *Density f(T)
SYS) *Isotropic Elasticity f(T)
Orthotropic Elasticity f(T)

See Linear Material Properties for a description of these properties.

Anisotropic Elasticity

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Material Data

Analysis System Properties

Magnetostatic (AN- *Relative Permeability
SYS) Coercive Force & Residual Induction
B-H Curve
Demagnetization B-H Curve
Relative Permeability (Orthotropic)
*Isotropic Resistivity
Orthotropic Resistivity

See Electromagnetic Material Properties (p. 22) for a description of these properties.
Modal (ANSYS) *Density f(T)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion f(T)
Constant Damping Coefficient
*Isotropic Elasticity f(T)
Orthotropic Elasticity f(T)

See Linear Material Properties for a description of these properties.

Anisotropic Elasticity
Mooney-Rivlin (2, 3, 5, and 9 Parameter)
Neo-Hookean
Polynomial (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Yeoh (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Ogden (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Bilinear Isotropic Hardening
Bilinear Kinematic Hardening
Multilinear Isotropic Hardening
Multilinear Kinematic Hardening
Shape Optimization Isotropic Elasticity
(ANSYS)
Random Vibration *Density f(T)
(ANSYS)Response Coefficient of Thermal Expansion f(T)
Spectrum (ANSYS) Constant Damping Coefficient
*Isotropic Elasticity f(T)
Orthotropic Elasticity f(T)

See Linear Material Properties for a description of these properties.

Anisotropic Elasticity
Mooney-Rivlin (2, 3, 5, and 9 Parameter)
Neo-Hookean
Polynomial (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Yeoh (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Ogden (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Bilinear Isotropic Hardening
Bilinear Kinematic Hardening
Multilinear Isotropic Hardening
Multilinear Kinematic Hardening
Static Structural (AN- Density f(T)
SYS, SAMCEF) Coefficient of Thermal Expansion f(T)
Constant Damping Coefficient

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 Supported Properties

Analysis System Properties

*Isotropic Elasticity f(T)
Orthotropic Elasticity f(T)

See Linear Material Properties for a description of these properties.

Anisotropic Elasticity
Mooney-Rivlin (2, 3, 5, and 9 Parameter)
Neo-Hookean
Polynomial (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Yeoh (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Ogden (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Bilinear Isotropic Hardening
Bilinear Kinematic Hardening
Multilinear Isotropic Hardening
Multilinear Kinematic Hardening

Alternating Stress Mean Stress

Alternating Stress R-Ratio
Strain-Life Parameters

See Fatigue Material Properties for a description of these properties.

Tensile Yield Strength

Compressive Yield Strength
Tensile Ultimate Strength
Compressive Ultimate Strength

See Stress Tools for a description of these properties.

Steady-State Thermal *Isotropic Thermal Conductivity f(T)
(ANSYS) Orthotropic Thermal Conductivity f(T)

See Linear Material Properties for a description of these properties.

Thermal-Electric (AN- *Isotropic Thermal Conductivity f(T )
SYS) Orthotropic Thermal
Conductivity f(T)
*Isotropic Resistivity
Orthotropic Resistivity
Seebeck Coefficient
Orthotropic Seebeck Coefficient

See Linear Material Properties for a description of these properties.

Transient Structural *Density f(T)
(ANSYS) Coefficient of Thermal Expansion f(T)
Constant Damping Coefficient
*Isotropic Elasticity f(T)
Orthotropic Elasticity f(T)

See Linear Material Properties for a description of these properties.

Anisotropic Elasticity
Mooney-Rivlin (2, 3, 5, and 9 Parameter)

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Material Data

Analysis System Properties

Neo-Hookean
Polynomial (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Yeoh (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Ogden (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Order)
Bilinear Isotropic Hardening
Bilinear Kinematic Hardening
Multilinear Isotropic Hardening
Multilinear Kinematic Hardening

Alternating Stress Mean Stress

Alternating Stress R-Ratio
Strain-Life Parameters

See Fatigue Material Properties for a description of these properties.

Tensile Yield Strength

Compressive Yield Strength
Tensile Ultimate Strength
Compressive Ultimate Strength

See Stress Tools for a description of these properties.

Transient Structural *Density
(MBD)
Transient Thermal *Density f(T)
(ANSYS) *Isotropic Thermal Conductivity f(T)
Orthotropic Thermal Conductivity f(T)

See Linear Material Properties for a description of these properties.

*Specific Heat

Suppression of Mutually Exclusive Properties

Some properties are mutually exclusive of each other and require that only one property in the mutually
exclusive set be unsuppressed. The addition or removing of the suppression for one of these properties
automatically suppresses the other mutually exclusive properties.

For example, defining Bilinear Isotropic Hardening and Multilinear Isotropic Hardening for the same material
represents redundant plasticity behavior. Only one behavior can be active for the material. When such a
conflict occurs, the property defined last is used and the previously defined, conflicting property is automat-
ically suppressed.

Charting
The axis range can be modified on a chart by choosing Edit Properties from the axis context menu (see
Setting Chart Properties). This range will be used when generating the x-y data for the chart so that you
can examine the data beyond the default range.

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 Perform Material Tasks in Engineering Data

Validation
The user interface will indicate invalid data by showing a yellow background and changing the state of the
material to attention required. To find the reason for the data being invalid, choose Display Validation
Failure from the context menu of the invalid item.

Curve Fitting
When curve fitting is available for a selected item in Engineering Data a Curve Fitting group will be accessible
in the ANSYS Workbench Toolbox. A curve fitting module can then be added to the selected item. The data
that can be used for the curve fitting module will be shown, regardless of whether or not the data is available.
If the required data is not available it should be added from the Toolbox. The data used for curve fitting
can be suppressed (in some instances), in the curve fitting module, to prevent its use in the curve fitting
calculations. The curve fitting solution is done by choosing Solve Curve Fit in the context menu for Curve
Fitting, in the Properties pane. You can then visually compare the fitted curve to the original data in the
Chart pane. Once you are satisfied with the solution you can then choose Copy Calculated Values to
Property in the context menu.

Note

Curve Fitting is only active for the running session. If you exit the application you will have to
add the curve fitting module again. You should be sure to Copy Calculated Values to Property
to maintain the calculated information.

Curve fitting is specific to a given solver and so the following topics provide specific information:

• Mechanical Material Curve Fitting (p. 24)

• Perform Material Tasks in Engineering Data (p. 19)

Curve Fitting Icons

Module for performing curve fitting.

Indicates that this curve fitting module requires attention.

Perform Material Tasks in Engineering Data

All material related tasks require that you perform the following basic tasks:

• Access Engineering Data

• Select a data source in the Outline Filter pane. Mark the data source as editable if needed (see the Edit
a data source basic task).

Task Procedure
Create New Material. 1. In the Outline pane click in the cell marked as Click here to add a new
material.
2. Type in the name of the new material and press Enter.

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Material Data

Task Procedure
Add Material Properties. 1. Select the material in the Outline pane that is to receive the additional
property.
2. Double-click the property in the Toolbox that you want to add.

Delete Material Proper- 1. Select the material in the Outline pane whose property is to be deleted.
ties. 2. Select the material property in the Properties pane.
3. Right-click and choose Delete or on the menu bar, choose Edit> Delete.

Modify Material Proper- 1. Select the material in the Outline pane that contains the property you
ties. want to modify.
2. In the Properties pane change the value or unit for constant data.
3. Perform one of the following:
• For constant data, change the value or unit in the Properties pane.
• For tabular data, change the value or unit(s) in the Table pane.

Parameterize Material 1. Select the material in the Outline pane that contains the property you
Properties. want to parameterize.
2. Select the checkbox in the parameter column for the property you want
to parameterize. For tabular data, use scale and/or offset (see Parameter-
ize (p. 9)).

Suppress Material Prop- 1. Select the material in the Outline pane that contains the property you
erties want to suppress.
2. Select the checkbox in the suppression column for the property you want
to suppress.

Select Material Default 1. Select the material in the Outline pane that is to be used as the default
for the Model for the Model cell.
2. Right-click and choose Default Solid Material for Model or Default Flu-
id/Field Material for Model.

Note: This default setting applies only to the Engineering Data cell in which
it is set (see Material Defaults).

Curve Fitting of Material 1. Select a material model that supports curve fitting. The option for perform-
Models ing a curve fit is indicated by the "Curve Fitting" group in the Toolbox (see
Curve Fitting).
2. Modify options for the curve fitting calculations.
3. Suppress any experimental data to exclude from the curve fitting calcula-
tions.
4. Select the Curve Fitting item in the Properties pane and select Solve Curve
Fit in the context menu.
5. Review the accuracy of the fitted data to the experimental data.
6. Select the Curve Fitting item in the Properties pane and select Copy Cal-
culated Values To Property.

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 Linear Material Models

Material Property Support for the Mechanical Application

You should choose your material properties based on how the material exhibits properties in orthogonal
directions (X, Y, and Z), either constant in all directions (isotropic behavior) or different in orthogonal directions
(orthotropic behavior). These orthogonal directions in a part, by default, align with the global coordinate
system. You may apply a local coordinate system to the part to change the directions. For orthotropic
properties, the X, Y, and Z value must be specified for the model to solve (2-D models only use the X and
Y values). Those properties which support isotropic or orthotropic behavior will be preceded by Isotropic
or Orthotropic (for example, Isotropic Thermal Conductivity).

Temperature-dependent properties (the identifier f(T) will be shown beside the property) are input as tabular
data (value vs. temperature). During solution, the material properties are evaluated for the temperature of
the integration points of the elements. If the temperature of an integration point falls below or rises above
the defined temperature range of tabular data, the solver assumes the defined extreme minimum or maximum
value, respectively, for the material property outside the defined range.

Special Considerations
In some instances, the Mechanical APDL application material properties are restricted in functionality, or the
Mechanical application uses them in a specific way.

Linear Material Models

• Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

You can define the coefficient of thermal expansion using the secant or instantaneous method. For
more information on this topic, see the discussion Linear Material Properties. When the coefficient of
thermal expansion is defined using the secant method, the reference temperature is the temperature
that the thermal strains are measured from and is used to adjust the temperature-dependent curve to
the reference temperature of the body it is used in. Its value is determined by the MPAMOD command
in the Mechanical APDL application, and written as the MPAMOD command in the ds.dat file. The
coefficient of thermal expansion values are computed according to the equation documented in Tem-
perature-Dependent Coefficient of Thermal Expansion located in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical
APDL and Mechanical Applications.
• Anisotropic Elasticity

You can define an anisotropic elasticity model by entering the stiffness terms in an elastic coefficient
matrix [D]. The following graphic show the location of the terms for this symmetric matrix:

D11
D21 D22
D31 D32 D33
D41 D42 D43 D44
D51 D52 D53 D54 D55
D61 D62 D63 D64 D65 D66

Each row corresponds to the terms of x, y, z, xy, yz, xz. The stiffness terms must be positive definite
(requiring all determinants to be positive). The stiffness terms have units of Force/Area operating on
the strain vector.

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Material Data

Hyperelastic Material Models

Hyperelasticity can be used to analyze rubber-like materials (elastomers) that undergo large strains and
displacements, with small volume changes (nearly incompressible materials). Large strain theory is required
(in the Mechanical application, set Large Deflection to On).

The hyperelastic material models are isotropic and constant with respect to temperature. The hyperelastic
materials are also assumed to be nearly or purely incompressible. Thermal expansion, in the material, is also
assumed to be isotropic.

Experimental testing data can be input for a material, and then using the curve fitting module (see Curve
Fitting (p. 19)), calculate coefficients for various hyperelastic material models.

For additional information on these hyperelastic models see the Mechanical APDL application discussion of
Hyperelastic Material Models.

Electromagnetic Material Properties

• Linear “Soft” Magnetic Material

This classification characterizes magnetic material assuming a constant permeability, that is, no saturation
effects. Permeability is simply defined as the ratio of B to H: µ = B/H. Permeability is more easily expressed
in terms of relative and free-space values: µ = µoµr. Free-space permeability, µo, is equal to 4πe-07 H/m.
Relative permeability, µr is a multiplier of free-space permeability. Free-space permeability is defined
internally within the program. You are required to supply a relative permeability value. This classification
is applicable to nonmagnetic material such as air, copper, aluminum. It can also be used as an approx-
imation to magnetic materials when a B-H curve is not available. If the material exhibits constant
properties in all directions (isotropic behavior) then select Relative Permeability and enter the appro-
priate value. If the material exhibits different permeability in different orthogonal directions (orthotropic),
then select Relative Permeability (Orthotropic) and enter values for three orthogonal directions (X,
Y, Z). By default, the global coordinate system is used when the material is applied to a part in the
Mechanical application. If desired, you can apply a local coordinate system to the part. The material
orthogonal properties will align with the coordinate system assigned to the part. For orthotropic mater-
ial properties, all property values must be entered for the model to properly solve.
• Linear “Hard” Magnetic Material

This classification characterizes hard magnetic materials such as permanent magnets. The demagnetiz-
ation curve of the permanent magnet is assumed to have a constant slope. The demagnetization curve
intersects the H axis at a value corresponding to the coercive force, Hc. The curve also intersects the B-
axis at a value corresponding to the residual induction, Br. You must enter the Coercive Force and
Residual Induction values. (Use a positive value for the Coercive Force). A permanent magnet is polar-
ized along an axis of the part. By default, the global coordinate system is used when the material is
applied to a part in the Mechanical application. If desired, you can apply a local coordinate system to
the part. Align the X-axis of the coordinate system in the direction of the North pole of the magnet.
The coordinate system may be Cartesian or cylindrical. A cylindrical system may be used for radially
oriented permanent magnets.
• Nonlinear “Soft” Magnetic Material

This classification characterizes soft materials that exhibit nonlinear behavior between B and H. Select
B-H Curve to enter nonlinear B-H data. The nonlinear behavior is described by a single B-H curve. You
may create a curve by entering B and H data points in Engineering Data, or you may choose from a
library of B-H curves for typical properties. For material exhibiting orthotropic behavior, you may also
select Relative Permeability (Orthotropic). You may elect to apply the B-H curve in any one or all

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 Mutually Exclusive Properties

three orthotropic directions, and specify a constant relative permeability in the other directions. If you
use the orthotropic option, you can apply a local coordinate system to the part in the Mechanical ap-
plication instead of using the default, global coordinate system. When creating B-H curves, please observe
the following guidelines:
a. The curve should be smooth and continuous.
b. Extend the curve well beyond the operating location to accurately capture local high saturation
levels. The slope of the curve should asymptotically approach that of free-space permeability. The
program will extrapolate beyond the end of the curve at a slope equal to free-space permeability
if required during the simulation.
c. Group data points around the knee of the curve for better curve-fitting.
d. For best convergence of the simulation, the curve should approach the (0,0) point asymptotically.
A new point in the curve near the curve origin may cause convergence problems.
• Nonlinear “Hard” Magnetic Material

This classification characterizes hard magnetic materials such as permanent magnets. The demagnetiz-
ation curve of the permanent magnet is described by a series of B-H data points located in the second
quadrant. Select Demagnetization B-H Curve to enter this data. The first data entry point should be
at B = 0, H = -Hc. A permanent magnet is polarized along an axis of the part. In the Mechanical applic-
ation, you can apply a local coordinate system to the part, instead of using the default, global coordinate
system. Align the X-axis of the coordinate system in the direction of the North pole of the magnet. The
coordinate system may be Cartesian, cylindrical. A cylindrical system may be used for radially oriented
permanent magnets. When creating B-H curves, please observe the following guidelines:
a. The curve should be smooth and continuous.
b. The curve may extend into the first quadrant.
c. Group data points around the knee of the curve for better curve-fitting.
• Electric: This classification defines the electrical properties of materials, including:
– Isotropic Resistivity
– Orthotropic Resistivity

Choose your material properties based on how the material exhibits properties in orthogonal directions,
either constant in all directions (isotropic behavior) or different in orthogonal directions (orthotropic).
By default, the global coordinate system is used when you apply these properties to a part in the
Mechanical application. If desired, you can apply a local coordinate system to the part. The material
orthogonal properties will align with the coordinate system assigned to the part. For orthotropic mater-
ial properties, all property values must be entered for the model to properly solve.

Mutually Exclusive Properties

The properties that are mutually exclusive are grouped in the following table.

• Isotropic Elasticity
• Orthotropic Elasticity
• Mooney-Rivlin
• Neo-Hookean
• Polynomial
• Yeoh

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Material Data

• Ogden

• Bilinear Isotropic Hardening

• Multilinear Isotropic Hardening
• Bilinear Kinematic Hardening
• Multilinear Kinematic Hardening

• Relative Permeability
• Relative Permeability (Orthotrop-
ic)
• Coercive Force & Residual Induc-
tion
• Demagnetization B-H Curve

• Thermal Conductivity Isotropic

• Thermal Conductivity Orthotropic

• Isotropic Resistivity
• Orthotropic Resistivity

• Orthotropic Seebeck Coefficient

• Seebeck Coefficient

• Relative Permeability
• B-H Curve
• Coercive Force & Residual Induc-
tion
• Demagnetization B-H Curve

Mechanical Material Curve Fitting

The material curve fitting will calculate coefficients of material models that approximate the following exper-
imental data. You can enter the data or copy and paste data from a spreadsheet into the Table pane.

• Uniaxial Test (Engineering Strain vs. Engineering Stress)

• Biaxial Test (Engineering Strain vs. Engineering Stress)
• Shear Test (Engineering Strain vs. Engineering Stress)
• Volumetric Test

Note

The Volume Ratio equals the ratio of the current volume to that of the original volume and all
solution data displayed for postprocessing are true stresses and logarithmic strains.

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24 of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 CAD Materials

The following hyperelastic material models support curve fitting (see Curve Fitting (p. 19)) of the experimental
data:

• Mooney-Rivlin
• Ogden
• Neo-Hookean
• Polynomial
• Yeoh

When volumetric data is supplied, a compressible or nearly incompressible model is implied. When no
volumetric data is supplied, the model is understood to be incompressible. Supplying zero as a coefficient
for the volumetric data also denotes an incompressible model.

You should perform curve fitting for the various hyperelastic models to choose the one, based on the range
of strain you are interested in, that best matches the experimental data provided.

Error Norm for Fit

The error norm can be set to use normalized or absolute error. Normalized error norm considers each exper-
imental datum equally in computing the curve fit. It generally provides better results than the absolute error
norm, but in some cases the absolute error norm is a better choice.

Ogden (Nonlinear Fitting)

For nonlinear curve fitting you can provide seed values for the coefficients or you can fix these seed values.
If you do not provide seed values internal defaults will be used. It is suggested that you attempt to use seed
values based on experience if possible. The nonlinear curve fit will most often converge to a local error norm
minimum. It may take several attempts (trial seed values) to achieve the desired fit, or copying and pasting
the last solution as seed values and solving again.

CAD Materials
The materials assigned to parts in a CAD package may be utilized in Engineering Data by checking the Ma-
terial Properties checkbox in the Geometry cell properties pane. The materials assigned to parts in the CAD
package will be assigned to the corresponding parts in the Mechanical application. When the model is re-
freshed from the CAD geometry, a temporary MatML 3.1 file will be created, which contains these materials.
This file will be added as a Data Source in Engineering Data as CADMaterials and the description will
show the system it belongs to. This file is overwritten when a CAD update operation is performed, so the
file should not be edited directly. The materials in this Data Source must be added to Engineering Data if
you want to modify the material definition that came from the CAD package.

If the Material Properties checkbox is checked and a part in the CAD package doesn't have a material as-
signed, the default material will be assigned (see Default Material Assignment for Model Parts (p. 14)) when
the Model is refreshed from the CAD geometry.

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Appendix A: Material Library File Format
Engineering Data follows the MatML 3.1 Schema for saving material data to external libraries on disk. More
information about MatML can be found at www.matml.org. For an example of the format see the “Export
individual data” item in the Perform Basic Tasks in Engineering Data (p. 10) section and then open the file
with a text/xml editor.

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28 of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 O
Index outline filter pane, 4
outline pane, 4
C overview, 1
chart pane, 7
P
D parameterizing, 8
definitions, 1 performing basic tasks, 10
properties pane, 6
E
Engineering Data user interface, 2 Q
exporting, 7 quick start, 1

F S
favorites, 7 suppressing, 8
filtering, 8
T
I table pane, 7
importing, 7 toolbar, 3
toolbox, 3
L
layout U
Engineering Data, 2 user interface
library, 7 Engineering Data, 2

M W
material working with data, 8
cad material, 25 working with data sources, 7
charting, 18 workspace
curve fitting, 19 Engineering Data, 2
definitions, 13
electromagnetic properties, 22
explicit library, 13
general library, 13
general nonlinear library, 13
hyperelastic library, 14
magnetic B-H curve library, 14
Mechanical APDL material curve fitting, 24
mutually exclusive properties, 23
perform tasks, 19
physical properties, 21
properties, 13
property support, 21
sample libraries, 13
supported properties, 14
suppression of mutually exclusive properties, 18
validation, 19
menu bar, 3
modes of operation, 1
modifying, 8

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