Chapter 10: Circles

Exercise10.1 (Page 171 of Grade 9 NCERT Textbook)

Q1. Fill in the blanks:

Difficulty level: Easy

(i) The center of the circle lies in interior of the circle. (exterior / interior)

Reasoning:
The collection of all points in a plane, which are at a fixed distance from a fixed point
in the plane, is called a circle. The fixed point is the center of the circle.

(ii) A point, whose distance from the center of circle is greater than its radius lies in
exterior of the circle. (exterior / interior)

Reasoning:
The collection of all points in a plane, which are at a fixed distance from a fixed point
in the plane is called a circle. The fixed point is the center of the circle. Fixed distance
is the radius of the circle. Any point outside the circle will have a greater distance
compared to the radius.

(iii) The longest chord of the circle is a diameter of the circle.

Reasoning:
Let us check by drawing a random chord DE and diameter AB in the circle.
AC = CD = CE = BC = radius
AB = 2× radius.
In ∆DCE, DE < DC+CE (sum of two sides should be greater than the third side)
DE < r+r
DE < 2r
DE < AB
DE < diameter
Thus, we know that any chord drawn randomly (without passing through the centre) will
be shorter than the diameter. Thus, Diameter is the longest chord in the circle.

(iv) An arc is a semicircle when its ends are the ends of a diameter.

Reasoning:
We know that diameter is the longest chord in the circle. And diameter divides the circle
into 2 equal halves or arcs. When two arcs are equal, each is a semicircle.

(v) Segment of a circle is the region between an arc and chord of the circle.

Reasoning:
The region between a chord and either of its arcs is called a segment of the circular
region or simply a segment of the circle.

(vi) A circle divides the plane, on which it lies, in three parts.

Reasoning:
A circle divides the plane on which it lies into three parts. They are: (i) inside the circle,
which is also called the interior of the circle; (ii) the circle and (iii) outside the circle,
which is also called the exterior of the circle.

Q2. Write True or False: Give reasons for your answers.

Difficulty level: Easy

(i) Line segment joining the center to any point on the circle is the radius of the circle.

Solution:
True

Reasoning:
The collection of all points in a plane, which are at a fixed distance from a fixed point
in the plane is called a circle. The fixed point is the center of the circle. Fixed distance
is the radius of the circle.
(ii) A circle has only finite number of equal chords.

Solution:
False

Reasoning:
There are infinite points on the circle and hence infinite chords can be drawn between
these points.

(iii) If a circle is divided into three equal arcs, each is a major arc.

Solution:
False

Reasoning:

If PQ is a minor arc, then QRP is a major arc and it should be greater than semicircular
arc. If there are three arcs none of it can be a major arc.

(iv) A chord of a circle, which is twice as long as its radius, is a diameter of the circle.

Solution:
True

Reasoning:
Draw a chord that passes through the centre of the circle. We can see that this chord is
twice the length of the radius of the circle. This is called the diameter of the circle.

(v) Sector is the region between the chord and its corresponding arc.

Solution:
False
Reasoning:
The region between an arc and the two radii, joining the centre to the end points of the
arc is called a sector.

(vi) A circle is a plane figure.

Solution:
True

Reasoning:

A circle is a 2-dimensional figure. So, Circle is a plane figure.

 Chapter 10: Circles
Exercise10.2 (Page 173 of Grade 9 NCERT Textbook)

Q1. Recall that two circles are congruent if they have the same radii. Prove that
equal chords of congruent circles subtend equal angles at their centers.

Difficulty level:
Easy

Known/given:
Two circles are congruent if they have same radii.

To prove:
Equal chords of congruent circles subtend equal angles at their centers.

Reasoning:
Using chords are equal and the fact that circles are congruent, we prove the statement
using Side-Side-Side (SSS criteria) and Corresponding parts of congruent triangles
(CPCT).

Solution:

Let QR and YZ be the equal chords of 2 congruent circles.

QR = YZ

We need to prove that they subtend equal angles at centre. i.e.  QPR =  YXZ

We know that the radii of both the circles are equal. So we get:
PR = PQ = XZ = XY
Consider the 2 triangles ∆PQR and ∆XYZ.
PQ = XY (Radii are equal)
PR = XZ (Radii are equal)
QR = YZ (Chords are equal)

By SSS criteria, ∆PQR is congruent to ∆XYZ.

So, by CPCT (Corresponding parts of congruent triangles) we get ∠QPR =∠YXZ.

Hence proved that equal chords of congruent circles subtend equal angles at
their centers.

Q2. Prove that if chords of congruent circles subtend equal angles at their centers, then
the chords are equal.

Difficulty level:
Easy

Known/given:
Two circles are congruent, and their chords subtend equal angles at their centers.

To prove:
The chords are equal.

Reasoning:
Using equal angles at the centers and the fact that circles are congruent, we prove the
statement using Side-Angle-Side (SAS criteria) and Corresponding parts of congruent
triangles (CPCT).

Solution:
Draw chords QR and YZ in 2 congruent circles respectively. Join the radii PR, PQ and
XY, XZ respectively.

Given that chords subtend equal angles at center. So

 QPR =  YXZ.
We need to prove that chords are equal. i.e QR = YZ

Since the circles are congruent, their radii will be equal.

PR = PQ = XZ = XY

Consider the 2 triangles ∆PQR and ∆XYZ.

PQ = XY (Radii are equal)
 QPR =  YXZ (Chords subtend equal angles at center)
PR = XZ (Radii are equal)

By SAS criteria ∆PQR is congruent to ∆XYZ.

So, by CPCT (Corresponding parts of congruent triangles) QR = YZ

Hence proved if chords of congruent circles subtend equal angles at their center then the
chords are equal.
 Chapter 10: Circles
Exercise10.3 (Page 176 of Grade 9 NCERT Book)

Q1. Draw different pairs of circles. How many points does each pair have in
common? What is the maximum number of common points?

Difficulty level:
Easy

Known/given:
Pair of circles.

Unknown:
Number of points does each pair have in common and the maximum number of common
points.

Reasoning:
We can draw number of possible pairs and can observe common points in each case.

Solution:
In this there are no common points.

In this there is only one common point.

In this there are two common points.

In a situation where two congruent circles are superimposed on each other, it can be
understood to as if we are drawing the same circle two times.

It is therefore concluded, there can be a maximum of two points for different pairs of
circles.

Q2. Suppose you are given a circle. Give a construction to find its center

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
A circle.

Unknown:
Centre of the circle.

Reasoning:
By Theorem 10.3 (The perpendicular from the center of a circle to a chord bisects the
chord.) and by Theorem 10.4 (The line drawn through the center of a circle to bisect a
chord is perpendicular to the chord), we see that if a perpendicular bisector is drawn
for a chord, it passes through the center. As it is not possible to find the center with the
help of only one chord, two chords can be drawn. The intersection point of two
perpendicular bisectors is the center of the circle. Because the center of the circle
should lie on both the perpendicular bisectors of the two chords.

Solution:

Construction:

Step 1: Draw a circle with convenient radius.

Step 2: Draw 2 chords AB and PQ of any length.

Step 3: With A as center and radii as more than half the length of AB, draw two arcs
on opposite sides of chord AB. With the same radius and with B as center, draw two
arcs cutting the former arcs. Join the line. Now DE is the perpendicular bisector of
AB. Centre lies on DE.

Step 4: With P as center and radii as more than half the length of PQ, draw two arcs
on opposite sides of chord PQ. With the same radius and with Q as center, draw two
arcs cutting the former arcs. Join the line. Now LM is the perpendicular bisector of
PQ. Centre lies on LM also.

Step 5: As the center of the circle should lie both on DE and LM, it is obvious that the
intersection points of DE and LM is the center. Mark the intersection points as O.

Step 6: O is the required centre of the circle.

Q3. If two circles intersect at two points, prove that their centers lie on the
perpendicular bisector of the common chord.

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
Two circles intersecting at two points.

To prove:
Their centers lie on the perpendicular bisector of the common chord.

Reasoning:
By theorem 10.4, it is known that perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through its
center. Since the chord is common to both the circles, the center should lie on the
perpendicular bisector of the chord.

Solution:
Let the two circles intersect at point A and B. Join AB. AB is the common chord.
By theorem 10.4, it is known that perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through its
center.

As the chord AB is common to both circles, the perpendicular bisector of the common
chord should pass through their centers. So, center lies on the perpendicular bisector of
the common chords.
 Chapter 10: Circles
Exercise10.4 (Page 179 of Grade 9 NCERT Book)

Q1. Two circles of radii 5 cm and 3 cm intersect at two points and the distance
between their centers is 4 cm. Find the length of the common chord.

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
Radii of two circles and distance between the centers of the circles.

Unknown:
Length of common chord.

Reasoning:
Perpendicular bisector of the common chord passes through the centers of both the
circles.

Solution:

Given that the circles intersect at 2 points, so we can draw the above figure. Let AB be
the common chord. Let O and O’ be the centers of the circles respectively.

O’A = 5 cm, OA = 3 cm, OO’ = 4 cm.

Since the radius of the bigger circle is more than the distance between the 2 centers,
we can say that the center of smaller circle lies inside the bigger circle itself.

OO’ is the perpendicular bisector of AB.

So, OA = OB = 3 cm

AB = 3+3 = 6 cm

Length of the common chord is 6 cm.

It is also evident that common chord is the diameter of the smaller circle.

Q2. If two equal chords of a circle intersect within the circle, prove that the
segments of one chord are equal to corresponding segments of the other chord.

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
Two equal chords of a circle intersect at a point within the circle.

To prove:
Proof of corresponding segments of equal chords are equal.

Reasoning:
Equal chords are equidistant from the center. Using this and Right-Hypotenuse-Side
(RHS) criteria and Corresponding parts of congruent triangles (CPCT) we prove the
statement.

Solution:

Let AB and CD be the 2 equal chords. AB = CD.

Let the chords intersect at point E. Join OE.

To prove AE = CE and BE = DE.
Draw perpendiculars from the center to the chords. Perpendicular bisects the chord
AB at M and CD at N. AM = MB = CN = DN ……(1)
In ∆OME and ∆ONE
 M =  N = 900
OE = OE
OM = ON (Equal chords are equidistant from the centre.)
By RHS criteria, ∆OME and ∆ONE are congruent.
So by CPCT, ME = NE ….. (2)

We know that: CE = CN + NE and AE = AM + ME

From (1) and (2), it is evident CE = AE
DE = CD - CE and BE = AB - AE
AB and CD are equal, CE and AE are equal. So, DE and BE are also equal.
It is proved corresponding segments of equal chords are equal.

Q3. If two equal chords of a circle intersect within the circle, prove that the
line joining the point of intersection to the center makes equal angles with
the chords.

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
Two equal chords of a circle intersect at a point within the circle.

To prove:
Line joining the point of intersection to the center makes equal angles with the chords.

Reasoning:
Equal chords are equidistant from the center. Using this and Right-Hypotenuse-Side
(RHS) criteria and Corresponding parts of congruent triangles (CPCT) we prove the
statement.

Solution:
Let AB and CD be the 2 equal chords. AB = CD.
Let the chords intersect at point E. Join OE.

Draw perpendiculars from the centre to the chords. Perpendicular bisects the chord AB
at M and CD at N.

To prove  OEN =  OEM.

In ∆OME and ∆ONE
 M =  N = 90 0

OE = OE
OM = ON (Equal chords are equidistant from the centre.)

By RHS criteria, ∆OME and ∆ONE are congruent.

So, by CPCT,  OEN =  OEM

Hence proved that line joining the point of intersection of 2 equal chords to the center
makes equal angles with the chords.

Q4. If a line intersects two concentric circles (circles with the same center) with
center O at A, B, C and D, prove that AB = CD.

Difficulty level:
Easy

Known/given:
Two concentric circles with center O.

To prove:
AB = CD

Reasoning:
Perpendicular drawn from the center of the circle bisects the chord.
Solution:

Draw a perpendicular from the center of the circle OM to the line AD.
We can see that BC is the chord of the smaller circle and AD is the chord of the bigger
circle.
We know that perpendicular drawn from the center of the circle bisects the chord.
∴ BM = MC ... (1)
And, AM = MD ... (2)

Subtracting (2) from (1), we obtain

AM − BM = MD − MC
∴ AB = CD

Q5. Three girls Reshma, Salma and Mandip are playing a game by standing on
a circle of radius 5m drawn in a park. Reshma throws a ball to Salma,
Salma to Mandip, Mandip to Reshma. If the distance between Reshma and
Salma and between Salma and Mandip is 6m each, what is the distance
between Reshma and Mandip?

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
Three players are standing in a circle. Distance between two pairs is given. Radius of
the circle is given.

Unknown:
Distance between Reshma and Mandip

Reasoning:
Perpendicular from center to either of the chord bisects the chord. Using this fact and by
Pythagoras theorem we can find value of OA. After that we can find area of ∆ORS by
two ways like RS as base and OA as height or OS as base and RN as height. From this
we will get the value of RN and double of value RN will give the distance between
Reshma and Mandip.
Solution:

Let O be the center of the circle and R, M and S denote Reshma, Mandip and Salma
respectively.

Draw a perpendicular OA to RS from O. Then RA = AS = 3 m.

Using Pythagoras theorem, we get, OA = 4 m.

We can see that quadrilateral ORSM takes that shape of a kite.

(Because OR = OM and RS = SM).
We know that the diagonals of a kite are perpendicular, and the main diagonal bisects
the other diagonal.
 RNS will be 90° and RN = NM
1 1
Area of ∆ORS =  RS  OA =  6 4
2 2
= 12 _________________(1)
Also
1
Area of ∆ORS =  OS  RN
2
1
=  5  RN _________(2)
2
From equation (1) and (2)
1
 5  RN = 12
2
24
RN = = 4.8m
5
RM = 2 × RN = 2 × 4.8 = 9.6 m
Distance between Reshma and Salma is 9.6 m.
Q6. A circular park of radius 20 m is situated in a colony. Three boys Ankur,
Syed and David are sitting at equal distance on its boundary each having a
toy telephone in his hands to talk to each other. Find the length of string of
each phone.

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
Three boys are on boundary of a circular park. Distance between them is equal.
Radius of circular park is given.

Unknown:
Length of string of each phone.

Reasoning:
Centre and Centroid are the same for an equilateral triangle and it divides the median
in the ratio 2:1. The median is also the perpendicular bisector for the opposite side.

Solution:

Let A, D, S denote the positions of Ankur, David and Syed respectively.

∆ADS is an equilateral triangle since all the 3 boys are on equidistant from one another.
Let B denote the mid-point of DS and hence AB is the median and perpendicular bisector
of DS. Hence ∆ABS is a right-angled triangle with  ABS = 900.

O (centroid) divides the line AB in the ratio 2:1. So OA : OB = 2 : 1.

OA 2
=
OB 1
Since OA = 20 then
OB = 10m
AB = OA + OB = 20 + 10 = 30 m ….(1)
Let the side of equilateral triangle ∆ADS be 2x.
AD = DS = SA = 2x …. (2)

Since B is the mid-point of DS, we get BS = BD = x …. (3)

Applying Pythagoras theorem to ∆ABS, we get:

AD 2 = AB2 + BD 2
(2 x) 2 = 302 + x 2
4 x 2 = 900 + x 2
3 x 2 = 900
x 2 = 300
x = 10 3
x = 17.32

AD = DS = SA = 2x = 34.64 m

Length of the string = Distance between them = AD or DS or SA = 34.64 m.

 Chapter 10: Circles
Exercise10.5 (Page 184 of Grade 9 NCERT Book)

Q1. In the given figure A, B and C are three points on a circle with center O
such that  BOC = 30o and  AOB = 60o. If D is a point on the circle other
than the arc ABC, find  ADC.

Difficulty level:
Easy

Known/given:
Two angles subtended by arcs at the center.

Unknown:
Value of  ADC

Reasoning:
The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any
point on the remaining part of the circle.

Solution:
 AOC =  AOB +  BOC
= 90°
 AOC = 2  ADC (By Theorem 10.8)
1
ADC = AOC
2
1
ADC =  90 = 45
2
ADC = 45
Q2. A chord of a circle is equal to the radius of the circle. Find the angle
subtended by the chord at a point on the minor arc and also at a point on
the major arc.

Difficulty level:
Easy

Known/given:
Chord’s length is equal to the radius.

Unknown:
Angle subtended by the chord at a point on the minor arc and also at a point on the
major arc.

Reasoning:
• The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it
at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
• A quadrilateral ABCD is called cyclic if all the four vertices of it lie on a circle.
• The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º.

Solution:

Draw a circle with any radius and center O. Let AO and BO be the 2 radii of the circle
and let AB be the chord equal to the length of radius. Join them to form a triangle.
OA = OB = AB
Hence ∆ABO becomes an equilateral triangle.

Draw 2 points C and D on the circle such that they lie on major arc and minor arc
respectively.

Since ∆ABO is an equilateral triangle, we get  AOB=600.

For the arc AB,  AOB=  2 ACB as we know that the angle subtended by an arc at the
center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
 1
ACB = AOB
2
1
=  60 = 30
2

As you can notice the points A, B, C and D lie on the circle. Hence ABCD is a cyclic
quadrilateral.

We know that, the sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º.
Therefore,
ACB + ADB = 180
30 + ADB = 180
ADB = 150
So, when the chord of a circle is equal to the radius of the circle, the angle subtended by
the chord at a point on the minor arc is 1500 and also at a point on the major arc is 300 .

Q3. In the given figure, PQR = 100 where P, Q and R are points on a circle with
center O. Find  OPR.

Difficulty level:
Easy

Known/given:
3 points on the circle and PQR = 100
Unknown:
Value of  OPR

Reasoning:
• The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it
at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
• A quadrilateral ABCD is called cyclic if all the four vertices of it lie on a circle.
• The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º.
Solution:
Mark any point on the major arc side (opposite side to point Q) as S.

Since all points P, Q, R, S lie on the circle, PQRS becomes a cyclic quadrilateral.

We know that, the sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º.
Therefore,
PQR + PSR = 180
100 + PSR = 180
PSR = 180 − 100
= 80

We know that, the angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended
by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
Therefore,
 POR = 2  PSR
= 2  80
= 160
Consider the ∆OPR. It is an isosceles triangle as OP = OR = Radius of the circle.
∠OPR = ∠ORP

Sum of all angles in a triangle is 180º.

Therefore,
OPR + POR + ORP = 180
OPR + 160 + OPR = 180
2ORP = 180 − 160
OPR = 10
Q4. In the given figure, ∠ABC = 69º and ∠ACB= 31º, find ∠BDC.

Difficulty level:
Easy

Known/given:
Two angles in a triangle.

Unknown:
Value of  BDC

Reasoning:
• Sum of angles in a triangle is 180º.
• Angles in the same segment are equal.

Solution:
Consider the ∆ABC, the sum of all angles will be 180º.
ABC + BAC + ACB = 180
69 + BAC + 31 = 180
BAC = 180 − 100
= 80
We know that, angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.
 BDC =  BAC = 80º

Q5. In the given figure, A, B, C and D are four points on a circle. AC and BD
intersect at a point E such that ∠BEC = 130º and ∠ECD = 20º. Find ∠BAC.
Difficulty level:
Easy

Known/given:
Two angles ∠BEC=130ºand ∠ECD =20º.

Unknown:
Value of  BAC

Reasoning:
• Sum of angles in a triangle is 180º.
• Angles in the same segment are equal.

Solution:
Consider the straight-line BD. As the line AC intersects with the line BD, then the sum
of two adjacent angles so formed is 180º.
Therefore,
BEC + DEC = 180
130 + DECC =180
DEC =180 − 130
= 50
Consider the ∆DEC, the sum of all angles will be 180º.
DEC + EDC + ECD = 180
50 + EDC + 20 =180
EDC =180 − 70
= 110
BDC = EDC = 110
We know that, angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.
BAC = BDC = 110

Q6. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral whose diagonals intersect at a point E.

If ∠DBC = 70º, ∠BAC = 30º find ∠BCD. Further if AB=BC, find ∠ECD.

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/ given:
ABCD is cyclic quadrilateral. ∠DBC =70º and ∠BAC =30º. AB = BC.

Unknown:
Value of  BCD and  ECD
Reasoning:
• A quadrilateral ABCD is called cyclic if all the four vertices of it lie on a circle.
• The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º.
• Sum of angles in a triangle is 180º.
• Angles in the same segment are equal.

Solution:
Based on the data given, draw the figure.

In the triangles, ABD and BCD, ∠CAD = ∠CBD = 70º. (Angles in the same segment)
So,
 BAD = 30º +70º
= 100º

Since ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral, the sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral is 180º.
 BAD +  BCD = 180º
 BCD = 180º −100º ∠BAD +∠ BCD=180º
= 80º
Also given AB = BC.
So,  BCA =  BAC = 30º (Base angles of isosceles triangle are equal)
 ECD =  BCD −  BCA
= 80º −30º
= 50º

Q7. If diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral are diameters of the circle through the
vertices of the quadrilateral, prove that it is a rectangle.

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
Diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral are diameters of a circle passing through the vertices.
To prove:
Lines joining the vertices is a rectangle.

Reasoning:
• The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it
at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
• The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º.
• Diameter is a chord.

Solution:

Let DB be the diameter of the circle which is also a chord.

Then ∠BOD = 180º

We know that, the angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double the angle subtended
by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
1
 BAD =  BOD
2
= 90º
Similarly, ∠BCD = 90º

Now considering AC as the diameter of the circle, we get ∠AOC = 180º

We know that, the angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended
by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
1
ABC =  AOC
2
= 90º

Similarly,  ADC = 90º

As you can see, all the angles at the corners are 90º we can say that the shape joining the
vertices is a rectangle.

This problem can also be solved by using the property of cyclic quadrilaterals.
Q8. If the non-parallel sides of a trapezium are equal, prove that it is cyclic.

Difficulty level:
Hard

Known/given:
Non-parallel sides of trapezium are equal.

To prove:
The trapezium is cyclic.

Reasoning:
If the sum of a pair of opposite angles of a quadrilateral is 180º, the quadrilateral is
cyclic. Using Right-Hypotenuse-Side (RHS) criteria and Corresponding parts of
congruent triangles (CPCT) we prove the statement.

Solution:
Draw a trapezium ABCD with AB || CD.
AD and BC are the non-parallel sides which are equal. AD = BC.
Draw AM ⊥ CD and BN ⊥ CD.

Consider ΔAMD and ΔBNC

AD = BC ( Given )
 AMD =  BNC ( 90 )
AM = BN ( Perpendicular distance between two parallel lines is same )
By RHS congruence,  AMD   BNC.
Using CPCT,
 ADC =  BCD  (1)
 BAD and  ADC are on the same side of transversal AD.
 BAD +  ADC = 180
 BAD +  BCD = 180   Using (1) 

This equation proves that the opposite angles are supplementary. Hence,
ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
Q9. Two circles intersect at two points B and C. Through B, two line segments
ABD and PBQ are drawn to intersect the circles at A, D, P and Q
respectively. Prove that ∠ACP = ∠QCD

Difficulty level:
Hard

Known/given:
Two circles intersect at two points

To prove:
 ACP =  QCD

Reasoning:
∠ACP and ∠ABP lie on the same segment. Similarly, ∠DCQ and ∠DBQ lie on the same
segment. Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.

Solution:

We know that, angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.

So, we get ∠ACP = ∠ABP and ∠QCD = ∠QBD
Also, ∠QBD = ∠ABP (Vertically opposite angles)
Therefore ∠ACP = ∠QCD

Q10. If circles are drawn taking two sides of a triangle as diameters, prove that
the point of intersection of these circles lie on the third side.

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
Two circles are drawn taking two sides of a triangle as diameters.
To prove:
That point of intersection of the 2 circles lie on the third side.

Reasoning:
Angle in a semicircle is a right angle. By using this fact, we can show that BDC is a line
which will lead to the proof that point of intersection lie on the third side.

Solution:

Since angle in a semicircle is a right angle, we get:

ADB = 90 and ADC = 90
ADB + ADC = 90 + 90
 ADB + ADC = 180
 BDC is a straight line.
D lies on BC

Hence, point of intersection of circles lie on the third side BC.

Q11. ABC and ADC are two right triangles with common hypotenuse AC.
Prove that ∠CAD = ∠CBD

Difficulty level:
Hard

Known/given:
ABC and ADC are two right triangles with common hypotenuse AC.

To prove:
∠CAD = ∠CBD

Reasoning:
Sum of all angles in a triangle is 180o.
If the sum of pair of opposite angles in a quadrilateral is 180o then it is cyclic quadrilateral
Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.
Solution:

Consider ΔABC,
ABC +  BCA + CAB = 180 ( Angle sum property of a triangle )
90 +  BCA + CAB = 180
 BCA + CAB = 90 ........................ (1)
Consider ΔADC,
 CDA +  ACD +  DAC = 180 ( Angle sum property of a triangle )
90 +  ACD +  DAC = 180
 ACD +  DAC = 90 ........................ ( 2 )
Adding Equations (1) and (2), we obtain
 BCA + CAB + ACD +  DAC = 180
( BCA +  ACD) + ( CAB +  DAC) = 180
 BCD +  DAB = 180 ........................ (3 )
However, it is given that
 B +  D = 90 + 90 = 180 .................. ( 4 )
From Equations (3) and (4), it can be observed that the sum of the measures of opposite
angles of quadrilateral ABCD is 180°. Therefore, it is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Consider chord CD.

∠CAD = ∠CBD (Angles in the same segment)

Q12. Prove that cyclic parallelogram is a rectangle.

Difficulty level:
Hard

Known/given:
Cyclic quadrilateral is a parallelogram.

To prove:
The cyclic parallelogram is a rectangle.
Reasoning:
The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º. By using this
fact, we can show each angle of a cyclic parallelogram as 90º which will prove the
statement it is a rectangle.

Solution:

Let ABCD be the cyclic parallelogram.

We know that opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.

 A =  C and  B =  D ........................ (1)

We know that the sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º.
A + C = 180 …………………… ( 2)
Substituting (1) in (2),
A + C = 180
A + A = 180
2A = 180
A = 90

We know that if one of the interior angles of a parallelogram is 90°, all the other angles
will also be equal to 90°.

Since all the angles in the parallelogram is 90°, we can say that parallelogram ABCD is
a rectangle.
 Chapter 10: Circles
Exercise10.6 (Page 186 of Grade 9 NCERT Book)

Q1. Prove that the line of centers of two intersecting circles subtends equal
angles at the two points of intersection.

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
Two intersecting circles.

To prove:
The line of centers of two intersecting circles subtends equal angles at the two points of
intersection.

Reasoning:
Using Side-Side-Side (SSS criteria) and Corresponding parts of congruent triangles
(CPCT) we prove the statement.

Solution:
Draw 2 intersecting circles with centers O and O’ respectively. Join these 2 centers. Let
the points of intersection be A and B.

We need to prove that ∠OAO'= ∠OBO'

Consider ΔOAO’ and ΔOBO’

OA = OB (Radii of circle with center O)
O’A = O’B (Radii of circle with center O’)
OO’= OO’ (Common)
Therefore, by SSS criteria, ΔOAO’ and ΔOBO’ are congruent to each other.
By CPCT, ∠OAO'= ∠OBO'
Hence it is proved that the line of centers of two intersecting circles subtends equal
angles at the two points of intersection.
Q2. Two chords AB and CD of lengths 5 cm and 11 cm respectively of a circle
are parallel to each other and are on opposite sides of its center. If the
distance between AB and CD is 6 cm, find the radius of the circle.

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
Two parallel chords of lengths 5 cm and 11 cm and the distance between parallel
chords is 6 cm.

Unknown:
Radius of the circle.

Reasoning:
The perpendicular drawn from the center of the circle to the chords, bisects it.
Pythagoras theorem states that ( Side1) + ( Side 2 ) = ( Hypotenuse )
2 2 2

Solution:
Draw 2 parallel chords AB and CD of lengths 5 cm and 11 cm. Let the center of the
circle be O. Join one end of each chord to the center. Draw 2 perpendiculars OM and
ON to AB and CD respectively which bisects the chords.

AB = 5 cm
CD = 11 cm
MB = 2.5 cm
ND = 5.5 cm
Let OM = x cm and ON = 6 – x cm

Consider ΔOMB
By Pythagoras theorem,
OM 2 + MB2 = OB2
x 2 + 2.52 = OB2
x 2 + 6.25 = OB2 .................. (1)

Consider ΔOND
By Pythagoras theorem,

ON 2 + ND 2 = OD 2
(6 − x) + 5.52 = OD 2
2

36 + x 2 − 12 x + 30.25 = OD 2
x 2 − 12 x + 66.25 = OD 2 ............... ( 2 )

OB and OD are the radii of the circle. Therefore OB = OD.

Equating (1) and (2) we get,
x 2 + 6.25 = x 2 − 12 x + 66.25
12 x = 60
x=5

Substituting the value of x in (1) or (2) we get the radius of circle = 5.59 cm.

Q3. The lengths of two parallel chords of a circle are 6 cm and 8 cm. If the smaller
chord is at distance 4 cm from the center, what is the distance of the other
chord from the center?

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
Two parallel chords of lengths 6 cm and 8 cm and distance of smaller chord from
center is 4cm.

Unknown:
Radius of the circle and distance of one chord from center.

Reasoning:
The perpendicular drawn from the center of the circle to the chords, bisects it.
Pythagoras theorem states that ( Side1) + ( Side 2 ) = ( Hypotenuse )
2 2 2
Solution:
Draw 2 parallel chords AB and CD of lengths 6 cm and 8 cm. Let the center of the circle
be O. Join one end of each chord to the center. Draw 2 perpendiculars OM and ON to
AB and CD respectively which bisects the chords.

AB = 6 cm
CD = 8 cm
MB = 3 cm
ND = 4 cm

Given OM = 4 cm and let ON = x cm

Consider ΔOMB
By Pythagoras theorem,

OM 2 + MB2 = OB2
42 + 32 = OB2
OB2 = 25
OB = 5 cm

OB and OD are the radii of the circle. Therefore OD = OB = 5 cm.

Consider ΔOND
By Pythagoras theorem,
ON 2 + ND2 = OD 2
x 2 + 4 2 = 52
x 2 = 25 − 16
x2 = 9
x=3
The distance of the chord CD from the center is 3 cm.
Q4. Let the vertex of an angle ABC be located outside a circle and let the sides
of the angle intersect equal chords AD and CE with the circle. Prove that
∠ABC is equal to half the difference of the angles subtended by the chords
AC and DE at the center.

Difficulty level:
Hard

Known/given:
Point B lies outside the circle also AD and CE are equal chords.

To prove:
To prove that ∠ABC is equal to half the difference of the angles subtended by the chords
1
AC and DE at the center means ABC = ( DOE − AOC) .
2
Reasoning:

• The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it
at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
• A quadrilateral ACED is called cyclic if all the four vertices of it lie on a circle.
• The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º.
• Using Side-Side-Side (SSS criteria) and Corresponding parts of congruent
triangles (CPCT) we prove the statement.

Solution:

Consider ΔAOD and ΔCOE,

OA = OC (Radii of the circle)
OD = OE (Radii of the circle)
AD = CE (Given)

AOD  COE (SSS Congruence Rule )

OAD = OCE ( By CPCT ) ... (1)
ODA = OEC ( By CPCT ) ... ( 2 )
Also,
OAD = ODA ( As OA = OD ) ... ( 3)

From Equations (1), (2), and (3), we obtain

OAD = OCE = ODA = OEC

Let OAD = OCE = ODA = OEC = x

In ΔOAC,
OA = OC
∴ ∠OCA = ∠OAC (Let a)
In ΔODE,
OD = OE
∠OED = ∠ODE (Let y)

ADEC is a cyclic quadrilateral.

∴ ∠CAD + ∠DEC = 180° (Opposite angles are supplementary)
x + a + x + y = 180°
2x + a + y = 180°
y = 180º − 2x − a ... (4)

However, ∠DOE = 180º − 2y

And, ∠AOC = 180º − 2a
∠DOE − ∠AOC = 2a − 2y = 2a − 2 (180º − 2x − a)
= 4a + 4x − 360° ... (5)

∠BAC + ∠CAD = 180º (Linear pair)

∴ ∠BAC = 180º − ∠CAD = 180º − (a + x)

Similarly, ∠ACB = 180º − (a + x)

In ΔABC,
∠ABC + ∠BAC + ∠ACB = 180º (Angle sum property of a triangle)
∠ABC = 180º - ∠BAC - ∠ACB
= 180 − (180 − a − x) − (180 − a − x)
= 2a + 2 x − 180
1
=  4a + 4 x − 360
2

Using Equation (5)

1
ABC = ( DOE − AOC )
2

Hence it is proved that ∠ABC is equal to half the difference of the angles subtended by
the chords AC and DE at the centre.
Q5. Prove that the circle drawn with any side of a rhombus as diameter, passes
through the point of intersection of its diagonals.

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
Diameter of the circle is the length of one side of rhombus.

To prove:
The circle passes through the point of intersection of rhombus’ diagonals.

Reasoning:
The diagonals of rhombus intersect at 90o.

Solution:

Let ABCD be a rhombus in which diagonals are intersecting at point O and a circle is
drawn while taking side CD as its diameter. We know that a diameter subtends 90° on
the arc.
∴ ∠COD = 90°

Also, in rhombus, the diagonals intersect each other at 90°.

∠AOB = ∠BOC = ∠COD = ∠DOA = 90°

Clearly, point O has to lie on the circle.

Q6. ABCD is a parallelogram. The circle through A, B and C intersect CD

(produced if necessary) at E. Prove that AE = AD.

Difficulty level:
Medium
Known/given:
ABCD is a parallelogram.

To prove:
AE = AD

Reasoning:
• A quadrilateral ABCD is called cyclic if all the four vertices of it lie on a circle.
• The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º.
• Opposite angles in a parallelogram are equal.

Solution:

We can see that ABCE is a cyclic quadrilateral.

We know that in a cyclic quadrilateral, the sum of the opposite angles is 180°.
AEC + CBA = 180
AEC + AED = 180 (Linear pair)
AED = CBA .................... (1)
We know that in a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal.
ADE = CBA ........................... ( 2 )
From (1) and (2),
AED = ADE

AD = AE (sides opposite to equal Angles of a triangle are equal).

Q7. AC and BD are chords of a circle which bisect each other. Prove that
(i) AC and BD are diameters, (ii) ABCD is a rectangle.

Difficulty level:
Medium
Known/given:
AC and BD are 2 chords of a circle which bisect each other.

To prove:
AC and BD are diameters of the circle and ABCD is a rectangle.

Reasoning:
• A quadrilateral ABCD is called cyclic if all the four vertices of it lie on a circle.
• The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º.
• Opposite angles in a parallelogram are equal.
• Using Side-Angle-Side (SAS criteria) and Corresponding parts of congruent
triangles (CPCT) we prove the statement.

Solution:

Let AC and BD be 2 chords intersecting at O.

In ΔAOB and ΔCOD,

OA = OC (Given)
OB = OD (Given)
∠AOB = ∠COD (Vertically opposite angles)

∴ ΔAOB ≅ ΔCOD (SAS congruence rule)

AB = CD (By CPCT)

Similarly, it can be proved that ΔAOD ≅ ΔCOB

∴ AD = CB (By CPCT)

Since in quadrilateral ABCD, opposite sides are equal in length, ABCD is a

parallelogram.

We know that opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.

∴ ∠A = ∠C
However, ∠A + ∠C = 180° (ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral)
∠A + ∠A = 180°
2∠A = 180°
∴ ∠A = 90°
As ABCD is a parallelogram and one of its interior angles is 90°, therefore, it is a
rectangle.

∠A is the angle subtended by chord BD.

And as ∠A = 90°, therefore, BD should be the diameter of the circle. Similarly, AC is

the diameter of the circle.

Q8. Bisectors of angles A, B and C of a triangle ABC intersect its circumcircle

at D, E and F respectively. Prove that the angles of the triangle DEF are
1 1 1
90 − A , 90 − B ,90 − C.
2 2 2

Difficulty level:
Medium

Known/given:
Bisectors of angles A, B and C of a triangle ABC intersect its circumcircle at D, E and
F respectively.

To prove:
1 1 1
The angles of the triangle DEF are 90 − A , 90 − B ,90 − C.
2 2 2

Reasoning:
Angles in the same segment are equal.

Solution:
It is given that BE is the bisector of ∠B.
B
ABE =
2

However, ∠ADE = ∠ABE (Angles in the same segment for chord AE)
B
ADE =
2

C
Similarly, ADF = ACF = (Angle in the same segment for chord AF)
2

∠D = ∠ADE + ∠ADF
B C
= +
2 2
1
= ( B + C )
2
1
= (180 − A )
2
Similarly, it can be proved for

1
E = (180 − B )
2
1
F = (180 − C )
2

Q9. Two congruent circles intersect each other at points A and B. Through
A any line segment PAQ is drawn so that P, Q lie on the two circles.
Prove that BP = BQ.

Difficulty level:
Hard

Known/given:
Two congruent circles intersect each other at points A and B.

To prove:
BP = BQ.

Reasoning:
Angles in the same segment are equal.
Solution:

AB is the common chord to both circles.

Since the circles are congruent, AB is a common chord and we know that angles in the
same segment are equal, we get:
∠APB= ∠AQB

Consider the ΔBPQ,

∠APB= ∠AQB

This implies that ΔBPQ is an isosceles triangle as base angles are equal.
Therefore, we get BP = BQ.

Q10. In any triangle ABC, if the angle bisector of A and perpendicular bisector
of BC intersect, prove that they intersect on the circumcircle of the
triangle ABC.

Difficulty level:
Hard

Known/given:
Bisectors of angle A and perpendicular bisector of BC intersect.

To prove:
The intersecting points is circumcircle of the triangle ABC.

Reasoning:
• Angles in the same segment are equal.
• The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it
at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
Solution:

Let perpendicular bisector of side BC and angle bisector of ∠A meet at point D.

Let the perpendicular bisector of side BC intersect it at E.

Perpendicular bisector of side BC will pass through circumcenter O of the circle.

∠BOC and ∠BAC are the angles subtended by arc BC at the center and a point A on
the remaining part of the circle respectively. We also know that the angle subtended by
an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining
part of the circle.
∠BOC = 2∠BAC = 2∠A ... (1)

Consider ΔBOE and ΔCOE,

OE = OE (Common)
OB = OC (Radii of same circle)
∠OEB = ∠OEC (Each 90° as OD ⊥ BC)

∴ ΔBOE ≅ ∠COE (RHS congruence rule)

∠BOE = ∠COE (By CPCT) ... (2)

However, ∠BOE + ∠COE = ∠BOC

∴ ∠BOE +∠BOE = 2 ∠A [Using Equations (1) and (2)]
2∠BOE = 2∠A
∠BOE = ∠A
∠BOE = ∠COE = ∠A

The perpendicular bisector of side BC and angle bisector of ∠A meet at point D.

∴ ∠BOD = ∠BOE = ∠A ... (3)

Since AD is the bisector of angle ∠A,

∠BAD = Half of angle A.
∴ 2∠BAD = ∠A ... (4)
From Equations (3) and (4), we obtain
∠BOD = 2∠BAD

This can be possible only when point BD will be a chord of the circle. For this, the point
D lies on the circumcircle.

Therefore, the perpendicular bisector of side BC and the angle bisector of ∠A meet on
the circumcircle of triangle ABC.