Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

Assignment on TE 4206

Application of Data Color in Textile Material

Submitted To:

Moni Sankar Mondal

Assistant Professor

Department of Textile Engineering, KUET.

Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

Submitted By:

Naimul Hasan

1621060

Department of Textile Engineering

Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

Date of Submission: 14-August-2021

 Department of Textile Engineering, KUET

Application of Data Color in Textile Material

1.0 Calibration of Data Color Machine

1.1 Introduction

Quality control manager shall assess calibration result every year and based on that
assessment he may shorten or lengthier the interval of calibration. When findings deviate
from written standards the QA designate will document findings on the monthly/
quarterly internal audit Form and notify the General Manager of the deviation. Short term
action will be initiated and recorded on the daily/monthly check list. Long term action
required, will be discussed by management and corrective actions/responsibilities and time
frames will be agreed and documented. When a monitoring and measurement device is found
to be out of calibration, quality control manager shall: ssess all products manufactured using
the defective equipment within the period of last calibration date to date of detection of the
defect. This assessment as well as any further actions as detailed below, shall be
recorded. Verify if the out of calibration discrepancy found on the monitoring and
measurement device equipment is still within requirements for measuring product
specification. This is acceptable if the out of calibration condition is still within the accuracy
required for measuring product. Quality control manager is responsible for assessing risk
posed by the out-of-calibration condition. He may involve director (Marketing & QC) at his
discretion to evaluate any actions necessary including notifying to buyer for recall. If the
products are still within the specification, no further action is required.

Machine Specifications:
Machine Name: Spectrophotometer
Model: 850
Origin: U.S.A

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1.2 Calibration of Data Color Machine

Calibration:

The system to checks the accuracy of the instrument and determines the traceability of the
measurement. In practice, calibration also includes repair of the device if it is out of
calibration. A report is provided by the calibration expert, which shows the error in
measurements with the measuring device before and after the calibration.

Necessities of Calibration:

Calibration defines the accuracy and quality of measurements recorded using a piece of
equipment. Over time there is a tendency for results and accuracy to ‘drift’ particularly
when using technologies or measuring parameters such as temperature and humidity. To
be confident in the results being measured there is an ongoing need to maintain the
calibration of equipment throughout its lifetime for reliable, accurate and repeatable
measurements. The goal of calibration is to minimize any measurement uncertainty by
ensuring the accuracy of test equipment. Calibration quantifies and controls errors or
uncertainties within measurement processes to an acceptable level.

Processes to Calibrate Data Color Machine:

There are four tiles used to calibrate the machine. Face upward black tiles and two
rectangular tiles are used to calibrate all color. But only circular white tile is used to
calibrate only white color. There are four apertures used to attach the fabric. The
calibration for each aperture is done separately. Normally for all colors after 8 hours and
for white color after 7 days calibration is need to be done to preform accurate
measurement.

Fig: Tiles and Apertures.

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1.3 Process Sequence

I. Open [Color Tools]software.
II. Use [USER NAME]and [PASSWORD]to Log in.

After log in, the windows will look like the picture given in below:

III. Setup tiles with an aperture to the machine eye.

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IV. Click on [Calibration]option in the window and window comes like this.

V. Place the Following Marks

a) [Include](For all Color).
b) [Exclude](For only White Color).
c) [Aperture](This was automatically marked).
d) [UV Filter](This can be chosen by buyer but for all color 100% UV Filter Off is
used maximum time & UV D65/10 CIE Whiteness is used for white color).
VI. After marking these, click [Calibrate]option and shows Ready options. Click on
Ready option.

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VII. By clicking this [Ready]option, the display situated in the machine shows that
work for 1st tiles is done.

Then replace the 2nd white rectangular tiles to the machine eye and click ready.This is also
same for the other two tiles. But remind it the 1st three tiles are for all color and the last
white circular tiles is only for calibrating white color.

VIII. Finally Click [Ok]option to complete Calibration.

By this way calibration can be done for white and other colors. Normally for all colors after 8
hours and for white color after 7 days calibration is need to be done to preform accurate
measurement. The calibration for each aperture is done separately

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2.0 Shade Measuring by Data Color

2.1 Introduction
The color shade of dyed fabric or printed fabric color defect plays a major role in deciding
the quality of fabric color. Hence there is a need for inspection of color shade for its quality.
Traditionally inspection for quality of color and defect in color shade is carried out either
manually in majority of industries or by using spectrophotometer scanning technique. In this
paper, the focus is on the inspection of the variations in colour strength and colour shade of
single uniform color using various LAB space models on computer generated image samples
without any manual help for interpretation. Among the LAB space models tested, the CMC
l:c model has proved to be more accurate than CIE76 and CIE94 for measurement of colour
shade variation where coloro matrix is used as a performance parameter. Also colour
intensity, I measurement using HSI model has been found to agree fairly with lab
spectrometer results.

2.2 Process to Measure shade

In measuring a color’s shade, spectrophotometers measure the reflectance of light from a

colorant rather than the light that passes through it. The entire visible spectrum of light is
transmitted onto the colorant, then the instrument measures which color wavelengths are
reflected and which are absorbed, giving empirical data on both the hues and brightness of
the colorant. 

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I. First identify fabrics face side and fold (for single jersey fabric) it in a way that
face side should be placed Infront of machine eye.
II. Set up the standard sample to the machine eye as same as the aperture was setted
before.

III. Then come to software and see carefully upper left corner. There is an option
[Standard]and click it.

IV. Give file name for standard and press [ok].

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V. Then the page comes like this:

All the information is given while calibrating the machine but for ensure check all the
information which indicated by number.

VI. Then click [Measure]to complete to take reading from the standard samples first
position. Machine will make sound while it completes to take reading. We will
take four readying by clicking [Measure]option & rotating and replacing its other
face part. Thus, we get even data from various places of samples.
VII. After taking four reading of standards, click the [Accept]option and windows
comes look like this:

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We can save or not the standard date. Data collecting for standard sample is done.

VIII. After that, we click [Batch instrument avg]option and give a name for batch
sample. Then four times date were collected for batch sample as done as for
standard sample.

IX. After accepting the value for batch sample, windows show following information:

This page shows that these two samples have no shade difference. Because CMC declare
it Pass. It shows the other values of Hue, Value and Chroma of these two samples. By this

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way we can measure shade differences of two different or same samples.

2.3 Conclusion
The observers' shade matching performance was significantly better with the computer
method compared with the conventional one. There was a large variation in the observers'
matching ability. The digital camera can be used as a means of colour measurements in the
dental clinic.

3.0 Recipe Prediction

3.1 Introduction

Precise dyeing recipe prediction is important in the final colour reproduction of textile dyeing
and printing products. Currently, the widely used dyeing recipe prediction methods based on
colour tri-stimulus cannot effectively avoid the metamerism phenomenon. An intelligent
dyeing recipe prediction model for cotton fabric dyeing is proposed in this paper based on
hyperspectral colour measurement and a deep learning algorithm. The hyperspectral colour
measurement can obtain three-dimensional spectral information (X, Y and λ) of fabric
samples, and can acquire accurate colour values even with uneven samples if the regional
correlation algorithm is used. A deep learning algorithm based on an improved recurrent
neural network was then employed to establish the model between spectral reflectance and
the dyeing recipe. In total, 343 evenly dyed and 20 unevenly dyed fabric samples were dyed
using the dyestuffs of Reactive Red CI 238, Reactive Blue CI 204 and Reactive Yellow CI
206, upon which the recipe prediction model was based, established and evaluated. The
experimental results show that the proposed model based on hyperspectral colour
measurement and our algorithm can provide higher prediction accuracy for Reactive Red CI
238, Reactive Blue CI 204 and Reactive Yellow CI 206. The relative prediction errors are
3.40%, 2.70% and 3.10%, respectively, for these three types of dyeing recipe, while the
relative prediction errors are 19.60%, 22.60% and 11.83%, respectively, using the Datacolor
650 recipe prediction model.

3.2 Process to Predict Recipe

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I. First, open [Data Color Match]software. Then go to [Recipe]option.

II. And click on [Match]option.

Then windows come like this:

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III. Select fabric type through [Quality Style]option.

IV. Click [Standard]option to give a name for Standard sample.
V. Then set the standard sample to the machine eye.
VI. To detect standard sample, click on [Measure Detection]option.
VII. For batch sample detection the same thing is done similarly as standard sample.
VIII. Then press [Dye Set] Option to select specific dyes which can produce the
required color.

IX. Then Go to [Setting]option to fill all the information according to buyer

requirement.

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X. Then click [Calculate]option.

XI. Finally, software gives following page which gives different recipes to get the
desired color. This also gives the information of metamerism, prices of color.

By doing this way we can predict recipe for any running batch sample to get the desired
color like standard sample.

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4.0 Measurement of Absorption/ Transmission of Dyes Solution In UV-

Visible Spectrophotometer

4.1 Apparatus That Needs for the Setup

1. Solvent bottle.
2. Waste beaker.
3. Cuvettes.
4. Sample solution flask.

4.2 Process Sequence

I. For the first run, we have to do a blank solution scan meaning that both reference and
sample contains just both solvents. To do this we should rinse these cuvettes with the
solvent being used. We can rinse them again. Use the Kim wipe to clean the
transparent sides of these cuvettes.
II. Hold the cuvettes with other side, open the lid of the sample chamber, insert them into
the machine.

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III. Turn on the machine and wait for it to initialize.

IV. Press [2]to go to Spectro.

V. Set scan range.

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Do as the manual describe.

VI. Press [AUTO ZERO].

When it is done machine beeps a sound

VII. Change the sample cell content to the sample solution, we have to rinse cuvette
withsample solution again. Fill the sample solution 4/5 of the height of cuvette. Use
the Kim wipe to clean the transparent sides of these cuvettes. Place it into the sample
holder, and close the lid.
VIII. Press [START/STOP].

The graph is forming according to scan range.

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IX. Press [F2]for data processing then it shows the maximum absorption wavelength and
the maximum absorbance.
X. To print this data sheet press[F2].

5.0 Measurement of Formaldehyde in Textile Dyed Fabric

5.1 Introduction
Formaldehyde is a type of organic chemical compound. It's present in nature in small
amounts, usually as a gas. When mixed with specific liquids, it creates a sticky aqueous
substance called a resin that's used on textiles for several purposes, usually during the
finishing process.

5.2 Toxicity of Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde has some useful purposes with respect to textiles, but it can also cause
problems. It's a potentially dangerous substance and known as a carcinogenic in large
amounts. Too much of it in textiles can cause respiratory problems and skin irritation.
Breathing it in can cause sneezing, coughing and another eye, nose and throat irritation. If
your skin comes into contact with it, formaldehyde can cause rashes and a condition called
contact dermatitis.

5.3 Formaldehyde test of fabric

Formaldehyde test method is applicable to textile fabrics that involve formaldehyde,
particularly fabrics finished with chemicals containing formaldehyde. If the fabric contains
formaldehyde, then it will be harmful to the skin. So, formaldehyde must be released from the
fabric. It is the buyer’s one of the important tests which must be passed. The process
flowchart of formaldehyde testing for fabric is given below.

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5.4 Formaldehyde Testing for Fabric Procedure

Take Fabric (1 gm).

↓
100 ml distilled water
↓
Water Bath (60 min x 40°C)
↓
Water Filtered with Filter Paper
↓
Take the liquor into Test Tube
↓
Nash Reagent (A. Acid +Acetyl Acetone + Ammonium Acetate)
↓
Water Bath 30 minutes (40C°)
↓
Room Temperature 30 minutes for Cool
↓
Measure Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde is commonly restricted according to the end consumer with the acceptable
limits for children being significantly lower than those for adults. Brands and retailers
commonly impose restrictions, setting limits in the region of 20-200ppm depending on end-
use.

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