TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

STUDENT INDUSRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE

SCHEME (SIWES) PROGRAMME

AT

MINISTRY OF WORKS AND TRANSPORT KADUNA

BY

RIKIN GODWIN

REG NO: KPT/COE/23/5984

SUBMITED TO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF MINERAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES

KADUNA POLYTECHNIC

KADUNA

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA

AUGUST –DECEMBER, 2016

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ABSTRACT

This report is based on the theoretical and practical work acquired during my four months industrial
training at ministry of works and transport Kaduna. This technical report covers comprehensively my
experience findings problems and solution during my stay with the ministry. Within the period of the
industrial training I was able to see the first and second stages in a building project {substtucture and
superstructure} road project construction strength and compaction test.

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DEDICATION

This report is devoted to the Almighty God for giving me the sound health, strength and ability to pass
through this program and also to my parents MR and MRS RIKIN MBACHAB, my siblings, my colleagues
for their time and esteemed support financially and ethically during and after the SIWES program.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My sincere gratitude goes to the honorable commissioner of ministry of work and transport Kaduna, mu
supervisor engineer S.Z YAHAYA and engineer S.B BALA for their immensely contribution to the
successful completion of my training, I would like to articulate my gratitude to engineer SOLOMON gor
his immeasurable advise and understanding. I also appreciate the effort of my entire colleagues who did
the program with me for their patience and understanding. May GOD ALMIGHTY bless us all.

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CHAPTER ONE

DESCRIPTION OF SIWES

The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is a skill training program, which forms part of
the approval minimum academic standards in the various degree/diploma/NCE programs for all tertiary
institutions. The scheme was established by the federal government of Nigeria in 1974 when there was a
growing concern among industrialist on the inability of the graduates in our higher institution to
effectively display their technical know-how when faced with the real practical. The industrialist were of
the opinion that the theoretical education in institutions of higher learning was not responsive enough
to meet the needs of employers labor institution to provide a necessary solution to this problem,
therefore the SIWES program was affected in 1974.

FUNCTIONS OF SIWES

The student industrial work experience scheme is aimed at exposing student to professional work
methods, machine, equipment and ways of safeguarding the work area and workers in the industries
and other organizations. It seeks to bridge the gap between the theory and practical in engineering
technology science and other professional educational programs in the Nigerian tertiary institution

PURPOSE OF THE SYSTEM

1. Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery that
may not be available in their institutions.
2. Provide students an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in real work situations
thereby bridging the gap between oral education and actual practice
3. Makes transition from their institution to the world work easier and thus enhance the student
contents for later jobs placements after graduation.
4. Prepare students for future challenges they would encounter after the completion of their
students.
5. To set up a kind of familiarization medium between the students undertaking training and the
industrialist.
BENEFIT OF SIWES TO CIVIL ENGINEERING

Since the field of civil engineering enquires much of drafting and designing of roads bridges and building
and other construction: just to summarize it means much of field and practical work if needed and done
in civil engineering and during SIWES the student gets to handle device and equipment which might
have been known to he/she only orally before. The student also gets to interact with engineers on site
who are quality and thereby gaining more knowledge and inside to know how things are being done on
site finally the student gets familiar with how the engineering organization works particularly how civil
engineers interacts with the other professionals such as architects surveyors etc. this forms a basic for
he/she to know what to expect after graduation.

SCOPE AND COVERAGE

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These reports convey some of the activity in the ministry of works and transport Kaduna. The program,
os for four months, stating from august 2015 november,2015. It gave a clear picture and overview or the
experience I have in ministry of works and transport Kaduna.

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CHAPTER TWO

BIOGRAPHY OF THE MINISTRY

The ministry was established during the colonial period. It was called (PWD) Public works department at
the time it ea sib charge of the north central zone, it was during the military administration it became
ministry pf work in charge of works, hausing, transport, environment and land and surveys etc. with
successive administration this department became ministries of their own and it is presently known as
ministry of works and transport.

The ministry is headed by the hon. Commissioner and assisted by the permanent secretary who is also
the accounting officer of the ministry.

The ministry has eight department which have been merged into seven in the ministry by the state legal
notice no 3 of 1991.

The mission, vision and core values of the ministry and mandate are as follows:

MISSION

To provide people of Kaduna state with effective transport and decent housing through its professional
and dedicated work force in synergy with the private sector.

VISION

To be a professional organization for infrastructure development decent housing and enhance

communication for socio economic well being of the people of the state in line with the global practices.

CORE VALUES

Team work, professionalism dedication effectiveness and integrity with result oriented work force.

CORE MANDATES OF THE ORGANIZATION

1. To provide infrastructure such as road bridges culvert and traffic lights in the state.
2. To provide affordable houses to low and medium income earners and civil servants in the state.
3. To maintain existing roads houses and offices across the state/
4. To provide inter and intra modern transportation system in the state.
5. To provide constancy servicer in planning architecture and engineering and to ensure
compliance to specification.

The ministry has seven (7) departments namely

Administration department

Finance and accounts department

Mechanical and electrical department

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Building department

Department of highway engineering

Department of transport

Department of planning research and statistics

The functions of the ministry are as follows:

ADMINISTRATION DEPT:

The department has total staff strength of 87

The department advise on the working guidelines within the civil service rulers and regulations and
authorized circulars.

Processes promotion, annual/casual leave security, training and discipline of staff in the ministry.

Coordinate the affairs of all the department and see to the smooth running of the ministry of works and
transport including the parastatals.

MECHANICAL DEPT AND ELECTRICAL DEPT:

The department has a total staff strength of 93

Providing mechanical and electrical engineering services in the state.

FINANCE AND ACCOUNTS DEPT:

The department has the total staff strength of 36

Managing budgetary allocation and budget implementation for the ministry and budgetary control in
the ministry.

Undertaking of accounting procedures.

Undertaking disbursement of funds.

Overseeing control of revenue accounts.

Facilitating improvement of the revenue base of the ministry.

BUILDING DEPT/QS

The department has the total staff strength of 125

Providing affordable houses to low and medium income earners and civil servants in the state.

Maintaining existing government houses and offices across the state.

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Keeping statistical data of projects executed by the ministry.

Undertaking project monitoring and evaluation.

Preparing contract agreement and other contract related documents.

HIGHWAY ENGINEERING:

The department has the total staff strength of 69

Designing construction and maintaining roads.

Supervising construction rehabilitation of roads in the state.

TRANSPORT:

The department has the total staff strength of 39.

Undertaking inspection of vehicles for the issurance of road worthiness certificate ( ML9 AND ML 53) in
partnership with blueberry solutions.

Conducting inspection of accidents vehicles.

Conducting driving test for the issuance of drivers licence.

Providing safety and security on highways.

Providing and intra transport services.

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING RESEARCH AND STATISTICS:

The department is new and has not commenced operation. It is expected to draw its staff from all the
other departments for them to effectively carry out their responsibilities.

Keeping statistical data of projects executed by the ministry.

Keeping statistical data of projects executed by the ministry.

Undertaking project monitoring and evaluation.

Preparing contract agreement and other contract related documents.

STAFF STRAIGHT TOTAL 449

KEYS:

DAS: director, admin and supply

DFA: director, highway engineering

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DHE: director, highway engineering

DOB: director of building

DME: director, mechanical and electrical

DPRS: director, planning research and statistics

DT: director transport.

These number of staff in one way or the other assist in carrying out the functions of the ministry
towards making the organization realizing its goals and objectives.

The top hierarchy of the organizational structure of the ministry is shown in the figure below:

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CHAPTER THREE

SAFTY ON CONSTRUCTION SITE

INTRODUCTION

Safety is the effort by which lives and properties can be save and to prevent accidents or minimize it,
one should also know that safety has no prevent accidents or minimize it, one should also know that
safety has no quitting time, no age limit and no status limit. Therefore all hands must be put on deck to
ensure safety of life and properties in every area one finds himself especially on a construction site.

On a construction site, employers, supervisors and workers must follow the requirements set out in the
occupational health and safety act (OHSA) and the regulations for construction projects.

EXAMPLE OF SITE HAZARDS

1. Falling into trenches or excavations.

2. Tripping over equipment, debris or spoil.
3. Excavated materials or other objects can fall on workers.
4. Exposure to underground services or overhead electrical cables can be dangerous during work.
5. Unstable adjacent structures falling off.
6. Mishandled or poorly placed materials.
7. Hazardous atmosphere ( noxious gases, lack of oxygen, too much heat can causes dehydration.
8. Toxic, irritating or flammable and explosives gases.

OBLIGATIONS UNDER CONSTRUCTION REGULATIONS

1. Humans and equipment must be removed from p.w quarry site or unwanted building before any
necessary blasting is stated.
2. Remove debris and excavated soil from excavated site.
3. Plan for removing water in excavated trench must be made if the area is watery.
4. Identify and located overhead power lines and underground services if any is available near
construction site.
5. Notifications requirement must be stated clearly.
6. Emergency plan must be prepared in readiness for accidents.
7. Were crane and other construction machinery will be used, the must be placed to be stable. And
properly fixed to avoid collapsing, all joints should be properly fixed.
8. How workers will enter and exit construction must be planned perfectly.

REASONABLE PRECAUTIONS UNDER OHSA

Proper training must be given to workers and qualify people should be chosen for site work.

Workers must be properly dress before commencement of construction work.

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Every possibility of environmental hazards to the site must be considered e.g rain, storm, hurricane,
heat etcetera.

During excavation of trenches movement of nearly vehicles and mobile equipment causing soil vibration
should be considered.

Passages must be cleared for heavy trucks and other working machines so obstruction can be avoided.

Safety gloves and goggles must be worn when carrying (iron rods) reinforcement or when working with
cement or other chemicals on site.

SOME GENERAL DUTIES OF WORKPLACE PARTIES ON SAFETY ON SITE

EMPLIYERS: employers have a number of duties and responsibilities under the OHSA and construction
regulations and they are:

1. Provide information, instructions and supervision to workers to protect their health and safety,
including on safety policies and procedures specifies to the workplace and type of work the
workers will perform.
2. Take every precaution reasonable in the circumstances for the protection of workers.
3. Ensure equipment, materials and protective devices require by regulations are provided and
maintained in good condition.
4. Prepare and review at least annually a written occupational health and safety policy for the work
place and develop and maintain a program to implement that policy.

SUPERVISORS: some examples of a supervisor’s duty are:

1. Ensure workers comply with the OHSA and its regulations.

2. Ensure that any equipment, protective devices or clothing require by the employer is used/or
worn by workers.
3. Advise workers of any potential or actual health or safety dangers known by the supervisor.
4. Where prescribed, provide workers with written instruction about measures and procedures to
be taken for workers protection.
5. Take every precaution reasonable in the circumstance for the protection of workers.

WORKERS: some examples of workers duties are:

1. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.

2. Use or operate equipment in a safe manner.
3. Report any defects in equipment to your supervisor or employer.
4. Work in compliance with the OHSA and its regulations.
5. Report any known workplace hazards or OHSA rights including the rights to refuse unsafe work.

NOTIFICATIONS

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A contractor is required to complete a ‘notion of project’ when the project exceeds 50000 us dollars and
if excavated is planned for a trench is more than 300m long and 1.2 deep. Since notification for safety.
Mark and locate utilities employers must ensure: ensure all gas. Electrical and other services are located
or marked in or near the area to be excavated if a services poses a hazard, it must be shut off and
disconnected before excavation activities begin.

Adjacent structures: construction must prevent damages to adjacent structures by engaging a

professional engineer who must specify in writing precautions to be taken.

Soil strength: determine soil type to protect excavated walls from collapsing.

Work space: maintain a clear work space of at-least 450mm between the wall of an excavation and any
formwork, masonry or similar wall.

Protect yourself: never enter a trench deeper than 1.2m unless the walls are sound, made of solid rock,
properly sloped, shored or protected by a trench box. Never work alone in a trench

Competent person: site works must be inspected for hazards and when condition change before work
begins. A competent person must have knowledge, training and experience to organize the work and
identify existing and potential health and safety hazards or unsafe conditions.

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CHAPTER FOUR

HIGHWAY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

The activities described in this chapter is based on the work done on the KAWO highway in Kaduna
which was carried out be mother cat in partnership with the ministry of works and transport Kaduna
where I undergo my training. The work done was the construction of a highway drain along the way to
help keep surface water off the road and make it safe for drivers and other road users and also to
maximize the life of the road surfaces as standing water can, create potholes particularly during winter,
the work on the drainage was being done using precast concrete walls that have the same length and
breadth but different height, the first work we stated with was site clearance which involve removing
any obstacle that might stand in the way of construction.

SETTING OUT

After site clearance was carried out the next thing we did was setting out, which was done as a
necessary operation to position the drain and align it to the ones that have already been fixed. The
setting out was carried out using a theodolite, measuring tape and a leveling staff, the work was done at
a minimum of 100m at a time to ensure accuracy.

EXCAVATION OF TRENCH

After setting out we begin to excavate the trench and this work was not done manually an excavator
was used, excavation was done according to the width that was marked during setting out. The trench
which is basically a type of excavation that is generally deeper than its wide and narrow compared to its
length was dug in such a way that the width was much larger this done like this so that there will be
enough space for placing both the precast drainage walls and also for backfilling. Note that excavation
must be done carefully and soil conditions must be observed continually so that the trench
embankments do not yield and cave in, so therefore during our excavation any place noticed to be
caving in was stopped using timber boards that are held in place by wailing’s which are in turn
supported by struts connected to the other side of the drains. The base of the trench was manually
leveled to give it a uniformed surfaces and to compact the soil base of the trench.

BLINDING OF TRENCH

We started blinding of trench after the excavation and leveling had been done, the blinding was done by
pouring a thin layer of weak concrete of ratio 1:4 over the leveled floor of the trench. This was done so
as to serve a uniformed base on which the concrete drainaige walls will be place and to avoid the direct
contact of the walls and damage it easily in this way the walls are cleaner, drier and serve as a more
durable finish. During work we were told by our supervisor that the blinding was sprayed at a thin layer
of 50mm evenly.

PLACING OF PRECAST DRAINAGE WALLS

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After blinding has dried the precast were delivered on site and installed using machines because ot their
large weight, the precast were of two types one to be placed on the right and the other on the left both
have the same length and breadth 15cm but different height 1.0 and 75cm, the precast were gently
place into the trench so as not to destroy the blinded floor, each were place in their respective places
according to their height near the fixed precast that was already there. After placing it in the trench the
workers now manually shift each wall to be straight line to the wall already existing there, they also use
spirit level to ascertain the straightness of the walls making sure that there is a small distance of 50mm
between each wall which was later fill up with mortar of ratio 1:2:4, this was done so as to connect the
two walls together permanently and to hold them in place. NOTE

1. It is important to cheek on the levelness of the precast walls as well as the spacing between
them before proceeding to join them.
2. When joining two walls together we made sure that mortal was properly applied so as to avoid
having hallowed spaces between walls which will cause weakness.

CASTING OF DRAINAGE BASE

When we finish installing the precast and making sue they were straight, the iron benders were called to
place the u-bars they have been working on into the base of the blinded trench in-between the two
precast walls, after the finish placing the u-bars they held them in place with distribution bars so that
they cannot be easily removed the reinforcement bars used were y16. After the iron benders are done
with their work the mixers began concrete mixing using a concrete mixer and a ratio of 1:2:3, when the
concrete had been properly mix it was cast on the u-bars in the blinded trench and was compacted using
a concrete vibrator, it was place in such a way that it was at the same leveled as the base of the precast
drainage walls.

BACKFILLING

At the end of casting the drainage base all that was left was backfilling the void between the edge of
trench and drainage walls, this requires special skills because it can actually be done fpr various
purposes such as protecting foundation, landscaping or filling of voids that would weaken structures.

According to my supervisor soil gave different properties and different construction techniques so not all
soils are suitable for backfilling. I was also taught about the types of backfilling e.g flowable fill, water
jetting but during own backfilling the soil was fill into the void and a little water was applied to assist
with the compaction and then a roller was carefully use for the compaction so as to avoid damaging the
drainage work.

BENEFIT OF HIGHWAY DRAINAGE TO THE ROAD

Water has a number of unhelpful characteristics which impacts on highway performance.

1. Water lubricates the road therefore reducing the effectiveness of tire grip making ir harder for a
car to stop at its desired point.

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2. In extreme storms, rainwater can simplu wash roads embankments should the culvert become
block or lack capacity.
3. Water cannot be compressed so standing water effectively acts as a jack hammer on the base of
wearing course right through to the sub base when vehicle pass overhead.
4. Collecting water on the highway weakens the road and creates potholes. Water in potholes
continue to weaken the road area around it therefore extending the potholes.
5. Water on road especially rainwater can be thrown up by thee tires and this can reduce visibility
which can lead to delay reacting to certain events on the road.

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CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY

The content of the report is only part of the whole experience during the training. During the
training I was able to learn technically and morally which is basically the aim of the program. The
training has shown me the usefulness of civil engineering work and especially in the sequence of
road and drainage construction. Also I learnt how to put a plan of work done on a paper to the
ground and it’s importance in civil engineering but most especially I have learnt the culture of other
people and the spirit of endurance, patience and obedience among people.

RECOMMENDATION

Looking at it that civil engineering is about offering solutions to problems, I highly recommend or
suggest that the program should continue and be well supervised with proper encouragement to
students so as to serve as a means of motivation. The federal government should partner with
engineering firms to boost the level of training received by the students.

CONCLUSION

Based on my experience received from ministry of works and transport Kaduna as well as the
company that received the contract of road extension and drainage construction at KAWO during
the SIWES program it has really expose me to the construction industry with the hope of actualizing
a dream making a future and improving the ethics of the profession. Therefore I have concluded
that SIWES is basic program in preparing students for the task ahead in the various field of study in
life.

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REFERENCE

Introduction to civil engineering by MAX KENNETH.

Engineering construction ND2 by NBTC Kaduna polytechnic.

WWW.google.com

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