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The Enlightenment of Europe in The Philippines

The document summarizes the Enlightenment period in Europe and how it influenced the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule from the 16th to 19th centuries. It discusses the major events of the Enlightenment that promoted progress, secularization, and individualism in Europe. It then outlines the political, economic, and social systems Spain implemented in the Philippines like the encomienda system and policies of isolation. It also lists several major Filipino revolts against Spanish authority that occurred throughout this period that aimed to resist colonial abuses and fight for religious and political freedoms.

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Jeff Raian Batongbakal
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200 views3 pages

The Enlightenment of Europe in The Philippines

The document summarizes the Enlightenment period in Europe and how it influenced the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule from the 16th to 19th centuries. It discusses the major events of the Enlightenment that promoted progress, secularization, and individualism in Europe. It then outlines the political, economic, and social systems Spain implemented in the Philippines like the encomienda system and policies of isolation. It also lists several major Filipino revolts against Spanish authority that occurred throughout this period that aimed to resist colonial abuses and fight for religious and political freedoms.

Uploaded by

Jeff Raian Batongbakal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Enlightenment of Europe in the Philippines

16 to 17th Century

 Exploration. A period of expansion for Western colonizers for Spain and Portugal that produced
the likes of Christopher Columbus, Vasco de Gama, Bartholomew Diaz and Ferdinand Magellan
in quest of gold, evangelization and power.
 Reformation of the Protestants and the
 Counter-Reformation of the Catholics.
 The Scientific Revolution and the rise of Copernicus, Gallileo and Newton. The Renaissance, the
revival of the arts and humanities rediscovering the knowledge of the Greeks and the Roman. It
was the rise of masters Michelangelo and Leonardo de Vinci.

18 th century = Enlightenment

 The Rights for Women


 Growth of Literacy and Reading. The age for the printing press
 The rise of modern philosophers like John Locke, writers and artists
 Discussions on life, liberty and equality
 Promotes progress, secularization and individualism
 Society became anti divine right, favored the separation of church and state, and the proliferation
of social classes
 The emancipation of black slaves in the United States by President Lincoln.

19th century

 1821. Mexican independence from Spain, resulting to loss of trade in the Pacific.
 1834. Opening of the Philippines to World Trade by Spain. Natives started to engage in trade.
More Chinese migration to the country.
 Influx of European influence. The Enlightenment reached the Indios.
 Education of the Natives like Burgos, del Pilar, etc.
 The rise of the educated middle class the ILUSTRADOS

PHILIPPINES UNDER SPAIN

The Philippines was discovered by Spain under the FERDINAND MAGELLAN expedition on March 17,
1521. He was sent by king Charles I. With Spain and Portugal competing on claims over the Moluccas
and the Philippine Islands, the Spaniards were only able to return to the Philippines in 1543 under the
expedition of Ruy Lopez de Villalobos who named the islands as “Filipinas”. The Villalobos expedition
exacted the location of the Philippines.

The Conquest

In 1565, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi was sent to the Philippines by Phillip II, the new king of Spain, and
also Portugal. Legazpi became the first Governor General of the Philippines. He also established the
Encomienda system. Likewise, he founded the city of Manila under Spain in 1571 after taking it from
Rajah Sulayman.

SYSTEMS AND POLICIES UNDER SPAIN

1. ENCOMIENDA: The first government system adopted by Spain in the islands. This system is
based on land occupation entrusted to private persons who contributed to the conquest of the
islands, the Catholic Church and the royal government.
2. PATRONATO REAL (royal patronage) the unity of Spain and the Catholic Church. This system
puts the Church under the authority of the government as agreed by both the king and the Pope.
This gave the clergy national and local political authority referred to as “frailocracy”.
3. TRIBUTE: tax imposed by Spain to every family annually. It came in the form of produce
or money.
4. FRAILOCRACY: the rule of the friars (Spanish missionaries/ regular priests) which resulted to
grave abuses among civilians. Most abusers were the “cura paroco” (parish priests)
5. ISOLATION POLICY: As a result of Spain’s insecurity with the other Southeast Asian
colonizers like the British in Malaya and the Dutch in Indonesia), the Philippines was secluded
from the rest of Asia and trade was confined to the GALEON TRADE (the Mexico-Philippines
exchange)
6. POLO: The compulsory service to the government rendered by all males, 16 to 60 years old
annually without payment. FALLA refers to the payment exacted by anyone to be exempted from
work
7. Divide and Rule: the principle of disuniting the people (making them go against each other) in
order to govern them more effectively.

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

16th century

 Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt (1574) or the Tagalog revolt against the Legazpi and
Lavezares administrations.
 Pampanga Revolt (1585) of Datus against Encomenderos
 Conspiracy of the Maharlikas in Tondo (1587-1588)
 The Cagayan and Dingras Revolts Against Tribute (1589)
 Magalat Revolt (1596) led by Magalat, a Cagayano rebel

17th century

 Igorot Revolt (1601) against conversion to Christianity


 Bancao Revolt (1621-1622) for religious freedom in Leyte
 Sumuroy Revolt (1649-50) of Warays of Northern Samar
 Maniago Revolt (1660-1661) in Pampanga against friar and government abuses
 Malong Revolt (1660-1661) in Pangasinan w/ Maniago
 Chinese Resistance of 1662 against pirate Koxinga
 Panay Revolt (1663) by Tapar a religious pagan.
 Zambal(es) Revolt (1681-1683) by Chieftains
18th century

 Agrarian Revolt of 1745 of Batangas, Laguna and Cavite


 Dagohoy Rebellion of 88 years (1744-1829) in Bohol.
 Diego & Gabriela Silang Revolt (1762-1763) in Ilocos
 Palaris Revolt (1762-1764) during the British invasion

19th century

 Novales Revolt (1823) in Manila against peninsulares


 Palmero Conspiracy (1828) a failed plot against Spain
 Hermano Pule Religious Revolt (1840-1843) in Tayabas

Causes of the Filipinos’ Defeat

1. Disunity because of lack of national identity. The divide and rule strategy was an obstacle.
2. Loyalty crisis because of ethnic differences
3. Self-interest
4. Lack of preparation and training
5. Absence of sufficient weapons and firepower
6. Geographical isolation and separation
7. Communication gap due to language differences

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