Chapter-14

FACTORISATION
PART-2
Content:
 Division of algebraic expressions
 Division of a monomial by another
monomial
 Division of a polynomial by a
monomial
 Division of polynomial by
polynomial
 Extra questions
Division of a monomial by another monomial
a) Divide algebraic expression 35𝑥 5 𝑦 6 𝑏𝑦 7𝑥 2 𝑦 2
Solution:-
35𝑥 5 𝑦 6 ÷ 7𝑥 2 𝑦 2

5 6
35𝑥 𝑦
=
7𝑥 2 𝑦 2
5×7×𝑥×𝑥×𝑥×𝑥×𝑥×𝑦×𝑦×𝑦×𝑦×𝑦×𝑦
=
7×𝑥×𝑥×𝑦×𝑦

5 6 2 2 3 4
35𝑥 𝑦 ÷ 7𝑥 𝑦 = 5𝑥 𝑦
 2 2
b) Divide expression 16𝑏 𝑦𝑥 𝑏𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦
Solution:-
16𝑏 2 𝑦𝑥 2 ÷ (−2𝑥𝑦)

16𝑏 2 𝑦𝑥 2
=
(−2𝑥𝑦)
2×2×2×2×𝑏×𝑏×𝑦×𝑥×𝑥
=
(−2 × 𝑥 × 𝑦)

2 2 2
16𝑏 𝑦𝑥 ÷ (−2𝑥𝑦) = −8𝑏 𝑥
Division of a polynomial by a monomial
a) 4𝑎3 – 10𝑎2 + 5𝑎 ÷ 2𝑎
solution:-
Now the polynomials (4𝑎3 – 10𝑎2 + 5𝑎) is written
as numerator and the monomial (2𝑎) is written as
denominator.
4𝑎3 – 10𝑎2 + 5𝑎
=
2𝑎
4𝑎3 10𝑎2 5𝑎
= − +
2𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎
5
= 2𝑎2 − 5𝑎 +
2
b)D𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 3𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 15𝑥𝑦 𝑏𝑦 3𝑥𝑦
Solution:-
3𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 15𝑥𝑦 ÷ 3𝑥𝑦

3 2 2
3𝑥 𝑦 + 2𝑥 𝑦 + 15𝑥𝑦
=
3𝑥𝑦

3𝑥 3 𝑦 2 2𝑥 2 𝑦 15𝑥𝑦
= + +
3𝑥𝑦 3𝑥𝑦 3𝑥𝑦
2 2
=𝑥 𝑦+ 𝑥+5
3
Division of polynomial by polynomial
a) Divide 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 + 3
Solution:-
2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 ÷ 𝑥 + 3

2
2𝑥 + 6𝑥
=
𝑥+3
2𝑥(𝑥 + 3)
=
𝑥+3
= 2𝑥
2
2𝑥 + 6𝑥 ÷ 𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑥
 2
b) Divide 𝑧 5𝑧 − 80 𝑏𝑦 5𝑧 𝑧 + 4
Solution:-
𝑧 5𝑧 2 − 80 ÷ 5𝑧 𝑧 + 4
= 5𝑧 𝑧 2 − 16 ÷ 5𝑧 𝑧 + 4
5𝑧 𝑧 2 − 16
=
5𝑧 𝑧 + 4
5𝑧(𝑧 + 4)(𝑧 − 4)
=
5𝑧(𝑧 + 4)
= 𝑧−4

𝑧 5𝑧 2 − 80 ÷ 5𝑧 𝑧 + 4 = (𝑧 − 4)
Exercise-14.3
1) Carry out following divisions.
ii) −36 𝑦 3 ÷ 9𝑦 2
Solution:-
−36𝑦 3 = −2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦
9𝑦 2 = 3 × 3 × 𝑦 × 𝑦

3 2 −2×2×3×3×𝑦×𝑦×𝑦
Therefore, −36 𝑦 ÷ 9𝑦 =
3×3×𝑦×𝑦
= −4𝑦

−36 𝑦 3 ÷ 9𝑦 2 = −4𝑦
iv) 34𝑥 3 𝑦 3 𝑧 3 ÷ 51𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 3
Solution:-
34𝑥 3 𝑦 3 𝑧 3
= 2 × 17 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑧 × 𝑧 × 𝑧
51𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 3 = 3 × 17 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑧 × 𝑧 × 𝑧

Therefore, 34𝑥 3 𝑦 3 𝑧 3 ÷ 51𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 3

2 × 17 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑧 × 𝑧 × 𝑧
=
3 × 17 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑦 × 𝑧 × 𝑧 × 𝑧
2 2
= 𝑥 𝑦
3
v) 12𝑎8 𝑏 8 ÷ −6𝑎6 𝑏 4
Solution:-
8 8
12𝑎 𝑏
=2×2×3×𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×𝑏
×𝑏×𝑏×𝑏×𝑏×𝑏×𝑏×𝑏

6 4
−6𝑎 𝑏
= −2 × 3 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑏 × 𝑏 × 𝑏 × 𝑏

Therefore , 12𝑎8 𝑏 8 ÷ −6𝑎6 𝑏 4

 2×2×3×𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×𝑎×𝑏×𝑏×𝑏×𝑏×𝑏×𝑏×𝑏×𝑏
=
−2 × 3 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑏 × 𝑏 × 𝑏 × 𝑏

2 4
= −2𝑎 𝑏

12𝑎8 𝑏 8 ÷ −6𝑎6 𝑏 4 = −2𝑎2 𝑏 4

2) Divide the given polynomial by the given
monomial.
iii) 8 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 ÷ 4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2
Solution:-
8 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 ÷ 4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2

8𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 8𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2 8𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 3
= 2 2 2+ 2 2 2+ 2 2 2
4𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 4𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 4𝑥 𝑦 𝑧

= 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧
= 2(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
v) 𝑝3 𝑞 6 − 𝑝6 𝑞 3 ÷ 𝑝3 𝑞 3
Solution:-
𝑝3 𝑞 6 − 𝑝6 𝑞 3 ÷ 𝑝3 𝑞 3

𝑝3 𝑞 6 𝑝6 𝑞 3
= 3 3− 3 3
𝑝 𝑞 𝑝 𝑞

3 6 6 3 3 3 3 3
𝑝 𝑞 −𝑝 𝑞 ÷𝑝 𝑞 =𝑞 −𝑝
3) Work out the following divisions.
ii) 10𝑥 − 25 ÷ 2𝑥 − 5
Solution:-
10𝑥 − 25 ÷ 2𝑥 − 5
10𝑥 − 25
=
2𝑥 − 5

5 2𝑥 − 5
=
2𝑥 − 5

10𝑥 − 25 ÷ 2𝑥 − 5 = 5
iv) 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 3𝑧 − 24 ÷ 27𝑥𝑦 𝑧 − 8
Solution:-
9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 3𝑧 − 24 ÷ 27𝑥𝑦 𝑧 − 8

2 2
9𝑥 𝑦 3𝑧 − 24
=
27𝑥𝑦 𝑧 − 8

9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 × 3 × 𝑧 − 8
= = 𝑥𝑦
27𝑥𝑦 𝑧 − 8

9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 3𝑧 − 24 ÷ 27𝑥𝑦 𝑧 − 8 = 𝑥𝑦
v)96𝑎𝑏𝑐 3𝑎 − 12 5𝑏 − 30 ÷ 144 𝑎 − 4 𝑏 − 6
Solution:-
96𝑎𝑏𝑐 3𝑎 − 12 5𝑏 − 30 ÷ 144 𝑎 − 4 𝑏 − 6
96𝑎𝑏𝑐 3𝑎 − 12 5𝑏 − 30
=
144 𝑎 − 4 𝑏 − 6
96𝑎𝑏𝑐 × 3 × 5 × 𝑎 − 4 𝑏 − 6
=
144 𝑎 − 4 𝑏 − 6
1440𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎 − 4 𝑏 − 6
=
144 𝑎 − 4 𝑏 − 6

= 10𝑎𝑏𝑐
4) Divide as directed.
iii) 52𝑝𝑞𝑟 𝑝 + 𝑞 𝑞 + 𝑟 𝑟 + 𝑝 ÷ 104𝑝𝑞 𝑞 + 𝑟 𝑟 + 𝑝
Solution:-
52𝑝𝑞𝑟 𝑝 + 𝑞 𝑞 + 𝑟 𝑟 + 𝑝 ÷ 104𝑝𝑞 𝑞 + 𝑟 𝑟 + 𝑝

52𝑝𝑞𝑟 𝑝 + 𝑞 𝑞 + 𝑟 𝑟 + 𝑝
=
104𝑝𝑞 𝑞 + 𝑟 𝑟 + 𝑝

𝑟 𝑝+𝑞
=
2
iv) 20 𝑦 + 4 𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 3 ÷ 5 𝑦 + 4
Solution:-
2
20 𝑦 + 4 𝑦 + 5𝑦 + 3 ÷ 5 𝑦 + 4

20 𝑦 + 4 𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 3
=
5 𝑦+4

2
= 4 𝑦 + 5𝑦 + 3

20 𝑦 + 4 𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 3 ÷ 5 𝑦 + 4 = 4 𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 3
5) Factorise the expressions and divide them
as directed.

ii) (𝒎𝟐– 𝟏𝟒𝒎– 𝟑𝟐) ÷ (𝒎 + 𝟐)

Solution:-
(𝒎𝟐– 𝟏𝟒𝒎– 𝟑𝟐) ÷ (𝒎 + 𝟐)
Solve for 𝑚2– 14𝑚– 32, we have
𝑚2– 14𝑚– 32
= 𝑚2 + 2𝑚 − 16𝑚– 32
= 𝑚 𝑚 + 2 – 16 𝑚 + 2
= (𝑚– 16)(𝑚 + 2)
𝑚2– 14𝑚– 32 = (𝑚– 16)(𝑚 + 2)

𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑚2– 14𝑚– 32 ÷ 𝑚 + 2

(𝑚– 16)(𝑚 + 2)
= = (𝑚 − 16)
𝑚+2

𝑚2– 14𝑚– 32 ÷ 𝑚 + 2 = (𝑚 − 16)

(𝒊𝒊𝒊) (𝟓𝒑𝟐– 𝟐𝟓𝒑 + 𝟐𝟎) ÷ (𝒑– 𝟏)
Solution:-
(𝟓𝒑𝟐– 𝟐𝟓𝒑 + 𝟐𝟎) ÷ (𝒑– 𝟏)
Step 1: Take 5 common from the expression,
5𝑝2– 25𝑝 + 20, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
5𝑝2– 25𝑝 + 20
= 5(𝑝2– 5𝑝 + 4)
Step 2: Factorize 𝑝2– 5𝑝 + 4
𝑝2– 5𝑝 + 4
= 𝑝2– 𝑝 − 4𝑝 + 4 = 𝑝 𝑝 − 1 − 4(𝑝 − 1)
= (𝑝– 1)(𝑝– 4)
Step 3: Solve original expression

(5𝑝2– 25𝑝 + 20) ÷ (𝑝– 1)

(5𝑝2– 25𝑝 + 20)

=
(𝑝– 1)

5 𝑝−1 𝑝−4
= =5 𝑝−4
(𝑝– 1)

(5𝑝2– 25𝑝 + 20) ÷ (𝑝 − 1) = 5 𝑝 − 4

 (𝒗) 𝟓𝒑𝒒(𝒑𝟐– 𝒒𝟐) ÷ 𝟐𝒑(𝒑 − 𝒒)
Solution:-
𝟓𝒑𝒒 𝒑𝟐– 𝒒𝟐 ÷ 𝟐𝒑 𝒑 − 𝒒
[𝑝2– 𝑞2 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝑝– 𝑞 𝑝 + 𝑞
Using identity 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒂 + 𝒃 ]
5𝑝𝑞(𝑝2– 𝑞2) ÷ 2𝑝(𝑝 + 𝑞)
5𝑝𝑞(𝑝2– 𝑞2)
=
2𝑝(𝑝 + 𝑞)
5𝑝𝑞(𝑝−𝑞)(𝑝+𝑞) 5
= = 𝑞 (𝑝 − 𝑞)
2𝑝(𝑝+𝑞) 2
5
𝟓𝒑𝒒 𝒑𝟐– 𝒒𝟐 ÷ 𝟐𝒑 𝒑 − 𝒒 = 𝑞 (𝑝 − 𝑞)
2
vi) 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚(𝟗𝒙𝟐– 𝟏𝟔𝒚𝟐) ÷ 𝟒𝒙𝒚(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚)
Solution:-
𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚(𝟗𝒙𝟐– 𝟏𝟔𝒚𝟐) ÷ 𝟒𝒙𝒚(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚)
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒 9𝑥2– 16𝑦2 ,
= 3𝑥 2– 4𝑦 2 = 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 3𝑥 − 4𝑦
[Using identity 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒂 + 𝒃 ]

[Now, 12𝑥𝑦 9𝑥2– 16𝑦2 ÷ 4𝑥𝑦 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 =

12𝑥𝑦 9𝑥2– 16𝑦2

=
4𝑥𝑦 3𝑥 + 4𝑦
 12𝑥𝑦 9𝑥2–16𝑦2
=
4𝑥𝑦 3𝑥+4𝑦

12𝑥𝑦 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 3𝑥 − 4𝑦
=
4𝑥𝑦 3𝑥 + 4𝑦

= 3 3𝑥 − 4𝑦

𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝟗𝒙𝟐– 𝟏𝟔𝒚𝟐 ÷ 𝟒𝒙𝒚 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 3 3𝑥 − 4𝑦

(vii) 𝟑𝟗𝒚𝟑(𝟓𝟎𝒚𝟐– 𝟗𝟖) ÷ 𝟐𝟔𝒚𝟐(𝟓𝒚 + 𝟕)
Solution:-
𝟑𝟗𝒚𝟑(𝟓𝟎𝒚𝟐– 𝟗𝟖) ÷ 𝟐𝟔𝒚𝟐(𝟓𝒚 + 𝟕)
𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1: 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 2 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
39𝑦3(50𝑦2– 98) = 39𝑦 3 × 2 25𝑦 2 − 49

𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2: factorise 25𝑦 2 − 49

25𝑦 2 − 49 = 5𝑦 2 − 7 2
[by using identity
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒂 + 𝒃 ]
5𝑦 2 − 7 2 = 5𝑦 − 7 5𝑦 + 7
Step 3: Solve original equation
𝟑𝟗𝒚𝟑(𝟓𝟎𝒚𝟐– 𝟗𝟖) ÷ 𝟐𝟔𝒚𝟐(𝟓𝒚 + 𝟕)

𝟑𝟗𝒚𝟑(𝟓𝟎𝒚𝟐– 𝟗𝟖)
=
𝟐𝟔𝒚𝟐(𝟓𝒚 + 𝟕)

39𝑦 3 × 2 25𝑦 2 − 49
=
𝟐𝟔𝒚𝟐(𝟓𝒚 + 𝟕)

3 2 2
39𝑦 × 2 5𝑦 − 7
=
𝟐𝟔𝒚𝟐(𝟓𝒚 + 𝟕)
 39𝑦 3 × 2 5𝑦 2 − 7 2
=
26𝑦2(5𝑦 + 7)

3
39𝑦 × 2 5𝑦 − 7 5𝑦 + 7
=
26𝑦2(5𝑦 + 7)

= 3𝑦 5𝑦 − 7

𝟑𝟗𝒚𝟑(𝟓𝟎𝒚𝟐– 𝟗𝟖) ÷ 𝟐𝟔𝒚𝟐(𝟓𝒚 + 𝟕) = 3𝑦 5𝑦 − 7

Extra questions
A) Factorise the following expressions.
2 2
1) 108𝑥 − 75𝑦
Solution:-
108𝑥 2 − 75𝑦 2
= 3 36𝑥 2 − 25𝑦 2

2 2
= 3 6𝑥 − 5𝑦
[Using identity 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒂 + 𝒃 ]
= 3 6𝑥 − 5𝑦 6𝑥 + 5𝑦

108𝑥 2 − 75𝑦 2 = 3 6𝑥 − 5𝑦 6𝑥 + 5𝑦
 𝑥2 𝑦2
2) −
98 50
Solution:-
𝑥2 𝑦2
−
98 50
1 𝑥2 𝑦2
= −
2 49 25
1 𝑥 2 𝑦 2
= −
2 7 5
[𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒂 + 𝒃 ]
1 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
= − +
2 7 5 7 5
3) 8𝑥 2 − 26𝑥 + 15
Solution:-
2
8𝑥 − 26𝑥 + 15
(By using middle term splitting method)

= 8𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 15

= 4𝑥 2𝑥 − 5 − 3 2𝑥 − 5
= 2𝑥 − 5 4𝑥 − 3

8𝑥 2 − 26𝑥 + 15 = 2𝑥 − 5 4𝑥 − 3
4) 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 9
Solution:-
2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 9
(by using middle term splitting method)

= 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 9

= 2𝑥 𝑥 − 3 + 3 𝑥 − 3
= 𝑥 − 3 2𝑥 + 3

2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 9 = 𝑥 − 3 2𝑥 + 3
 4 2 2 4 2
5) 9𝑝 − 24𝑝 𝑞 + 16𝑞 − 256𝑟
Solution:-
9𝑝4 − 24𝑝2 𝑞 2 + 16𝑞 4 − 256𝑟 2
= 3𝑝2 2 − 2 × 3𝑝2 × 4𝑞 2 + 4𝑞2 2 − 16𝑟 2
2 2 2
𝑏𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 𝑎 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏

(3𝑝2 − 4𝑞 2 )2 − 16𝑟 2

𝟐 𝟐
[𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝒂 − 𝒃 = 𝒂−𝒃 𝒂+𝒃 ]

= 3𝑝2 − 4𝑞 2 − 16𝑟 3𝑝2 − 4𝑞 2 + 16𝑟

 2 2
6) 25 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 16 𝑥 − 𝑦
Solution:-
25 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 16 𝑥 − 𝑦 2
= 5 𝑥+𝑦 2− 4 𝑥−𝑦 2
𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒂 + 𝒃

= 5 𝑥+𝑦 +4 𝑥−𝑦 5 𝑥+𝑦 −4 𝑥−𝑦

= 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑦
= 9𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 + 9𝑦

2 2
25 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 16 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 9𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 + 9𝑦
7) The product of the two expressions is
2 2
𝑦 − 𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑧. if one of them is
2x + y + z, find the other.
Solution:-
Product of the two expressions is
𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑧
first expressions is (2x + y + z)
Second expression =product of the expression÷
first expression
𝑦 2 −𝑧 2 +2𝑥𝑦−2𝑥𝑧
Second expression =
(2x+y+z)
 𝑦 2 −𝑧 2 +2𝑥𝑦−2𝑥𝑧
Second expression =
2x+y+z
𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 + 2𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑧
=
(2x + y + z)
𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒂 + 𝒃
𝑦 − 𝑧 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 2𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑧
=
(2x + y + z)
𝑦 − 𝑧 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 2𝑥
=
(2x + y + z)
= (𝑦 − 𝑧)
Second expression is (𝑦 − 𝑧).