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Week 5 - Arguments and Validity CHA

The document contains two truth tables analyzing the validity of arguments: 1. The first truth table analyzes the proposition (p ↔ q) ∨ q. It shows that the proposition is a contingency with True values for all rows. 2. The second truth table analyzes the proposition (p → q) ∧ (~p ∨ q). It also shows True values for all rows, indicating the proposition is a tautology. The document then provides an example of symbolizing an argument and using truth tables to determine validity. It analyzes the argument that if joining extracurricular activities, one must learn time management, and since time management was learned, extracurricular activities must have

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Kenji Tundag
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60 views

Week 5 - Arguments and Validity CHA

The document contains two truth tables analyzing the validity of arguments: 1. The first truth table analyzes the proposition (p ↔ q) ∨ q. It shows that the proposition is a contingency with True values for all rows. 2. The second truth table analyzes the proposition (p → q) ∧ (~p ∨ q). It also shows True values for all rows, indicating the proposition is a tautology. The document then provides an example of symbolizing an argument and using truth tables to determine validity. It analyzes the argument that if joining extracurricular activities, one must learn time management, and since time management was learned, extracurricular activities must have

Uploaded by

Kenji Tundag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arguments and Validity

Construct a truth table for (𝑝 ↔ 𝑞) ∨ 𝑞 values.

𝑝 𝑞 𝑝↔𝑞 (𝑝 ↔ 𝑞) ∨ 𝑞

T T T T
T F F F

F T F T

F F T T

The table/proposition is a contingency.

Construct a truth table for (𝑝 → 𝑞) ∧ (~𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) values.

𝑝 𝑞 ~𝑝 𝑝→𝑞 ~𝑝 ∨ 𝑞 (𝑝 → 𝑞) ∧ (~𝑝 ∨ 𝑞)

T T F T T T
T F F F F F

F T T T T T

F F T T T T

Example 6.3.3 page 190


Step 1: Identify and represent your simple propositions.
s: I study.
p: I have good chances of passing the exam.
a: I can attend the party.
~s: I do not study.
Step 2: Symbolize the argument.
If s, then p. 𝑠→𝑝
If ~s, then a. ~𝑠 → 𝑎
Ergo, p or a ∴𝑝∨𝑎
Exercise 6.3.3
If I will join extracurricular activities then, I will have to learn proper time management. I learned
proper time management. Thus, I joined extracurricular activities.
Step 1: Identify and represent your simple propositions.
𝑝: I will join extracurricular activities.
𝑞: I will have to learn proper time management.

Step 2: Symbolize the argument.


If p, then q. 𝑝→𝑞
q. 𝑞
Ergo, p. ∴𝑝

[(𝑝 → 𝑞) ∙ 𝑞] → 𝑝

𝑝 𝑞 𝑝→𝑞 (𝑝 → 𝑞) ∙ 𝑞 [(𝑝 → 𝑞) ∙ 𝑞] → 𝑝

T T T T T

T F F F T

F T T T F

F F T F T

Upon verification, the argument is proven to be NOT VALID.


MODUS PONENS (MP)

𝑝→𝑞
𝑝
∴𝑞
𝑝: I will join extracurricular activities.
𝑞: I will have to learn proper time management.
If I will join curricular activities, then I will have to learn proper time management. I joined
extracurricular activities. Therefore, I learned proper time management.
With the use of MODUS PONENS, the argument is proven to be valid.

MODUS TOLLENS (MT)

𝑝→𝑞
~𝑞
∴ ~𝑝
𝑝: I will join extracurricular activities.
𝑞: I will have to learn proper time management.
If I will join curricular activities, then I will have to learn proper time management. I did not learn
proper time management. Therefore, I did not join extracurricular activities.
With the use of MODUS TOLLENS, the argument is proven to be valid.

Reading Assignment
Read and understand SWITCH ON on page 192 – 193 of your book.

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