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Q1W7 Nature Types Levels Planning

Planning is a vital process for organizations that involves setting goals and strategies to achieve those goals. There are five key steps to planning: 1) defining goals and objectives, 2) determining the current position, 3) anticipating future conditions, 4) analyzing alternatives and choosing actions, and 5) implementing and evaluating results. Planning occurs at different levels, including strategic planning by top management, tactical planning by middle management, and operational planning by frontline management.

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Daisiree Pascual
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361 views

Q1W7 Nature Types Levels Planning

Planning is a vital process for organizations that involves setting goals and strategies to achieve those goals. There are five key steps to planning: 1) defining goals and objectives, 2) determining the current position, 3) anticipating future conditions, 4) analyzing alternatives and choosing actions, and 5) implementing and evaluating results. Planning occurs at different levels, including strategic planning by top management, tactical planning by middle management, and operational planning by frontline management.

Uploaded by

Daisiree Pascual
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Discuss planning, its steps, and importance to the organization


• Identify the different types and levels of planning; and
• Apply the types of planning to the different levels of management
through a business case
NATURE OF PLANNING
• Planning is a vital component in the operations of a business.
Planning promotes several positive business results. As Benjamin
Franklin said, "if you fail to plan, you plan to fail”.
• It is imperative for us to know and understand the following
importance of planning in the organization:
IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING IN THE ORGANIZATION

1. Planning provides direction to all of the organization’s human resources –


both managers as well as employees.
2. Planning reduces uncertainty; anticipates changes and their impact
3. Planning minimizes wastes, negative practices, ineffectiveness and
inefficiencies
4. Plans may be used for controlling.
PLANNING
• Planning is a process that involves the setting of the organization’s
goals, establishing strategies for accomplishing those goals, and
developing plans of action or means that managers intend to use to
achieve organizational goals.
• Planning starts with setting a company’s mission and vision
together with its goals.
PLANNING
• Mission is the basic purpose of an organization and range of their
operations.
• Vision is a mental image of what the organization will be in the future
as desired by the company management and employees.
• Goal setting is the identification of targets or desired ends that
management wants to reach.
STEPS IN PLANNING

• Planning is a process and, as such, involves steps—from carrying


out its purpose, setting of goals/objectives, and determining what
should be done to accomplish them. Here are the five steps in the
planning process:
Define your goals/objectives by Keynote:

1 identifying desired
outcomes/results in
very specific ways.
Know your target. Identify the things that
your company/business wants to achieve.

Determine where you stand in Keynote:

2
relation to set goals/objectives; Know the current/present position of the
know your strengths and company terms of its goals. Know its
weaknesses. strengths and weaknesses.

Develop premises regarding future Keynote:

3
conditions; anticipate future events, Try to perceive future circumstances that
generate alternative “scenarios” for may affect the company positively or
what may happen; identify for each negatively as these may help or prevent
scenario the company from meeting its goals.

STEPS IN PLANNING
Keynote:
Given the company’s current situation,
Analyze and choose among action strengths and weaknesses, be able to list

4
alternatives; list and carefully down possible ways to be able to achieve
evaluate possible actions and its goals and don’t forget to evaluate
choose the alternative most likely to each. Lastly, choose the best alternative.
accomplish goals/objectives.

Keynote:

5
Implement the plan and evaluate
results; take corrective action and Put the best alternative into action.
revise plans as needed. Execute the plan. Evaluate the outcome
and figure out its positive and negative
results. Make necessary adjustments.

STEPS IN PLANNING
TYPES OF PLANS

• Plans within organizations can be generally described in terms of


comprehensiveness, length of time covered or time frame,
specificity, and frequency of use.
TYPES OF PLANS

STRATEGIC PLANS TACTICAL PLAN


• Plans that establish the organization’s • Middle level management plan which
overall goals and apply to the entire firm; refers to procedures and
they are broad in scope and are the transformation of strategic
responsibility of the CEO, president, and goals/plans with specific goals.
general manager of the company.
TYPES OF PLANS

OPERATIONAL PLAN LONG TERM PLANS


• Plans that apply to a particular unit • Plans that go beyond three years;
area only; the scope is narrow; everyone must understand the
achievement of company goals may organization’s long term plans to
not be achieved if operational plans avoid confusion that may divert the
are not clear organization’s members attention
TYPES OF PLANS

SHORT TERM PLANS SINGLE USE PLANS


• Plans that cover one year or less; • Plans used or stated once only as
such plans must lead toward the these applies to the entire
attainment of long term goals and organization.
are the responsibility of the
unit/department heads.
TYPES OF PLANS

STANDING PLANS DIRECTIONAL PLANS


• Plans that are ongoing; provide • Plans that are flexible or give general
guidance for different activities done guidelines; although flexible and
repeatedly. general, these plans must be related
to the strategic plans.
TYPES OF PLANS

SPECIFIC PLANS
• Plans that are clearly stated and which have no room for
interpretation; language must be very understandable.
PLANNING AT DIFFERENT LEVELS IN THE FIRM

• Planning at the different levels of management include strategic


planning, tactical planning and operational planning.
TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT PLANNING (STRATEGIC PLANNING)

• Top level managers are the ones conducting the strategic planning for the
organization.
• This includes coming up with decisions regarding the organization’s long term
goals and strategies.
• The top level managers are the CEO, company presidents or the company’s
senior executives.
• Strategic planning centers on long term and broad view plan of the company.
MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGEMENT PLANNING (TACTICAL PLANNING)
• Middle level managers are the ones responsible for making the tactical plan.
• Tactical plans are usually actualized in the departmental areas like marketing,
production, finance, personnel and the like.
• Tactical planning happens in real time seeking short term outcomes.
FRONTLINE/LOWER LEVEL MANAGEMENT PLANNING
(OPERATIONAL PLANNING)
• Front line or lower level managers are the managers who are closest to
the core or those who are directly involved in the day to day operations of
the business.
• They are responsible for making the operational plan, as in many cases
they are the ones involved in the customer facing activities of the
organization.
• Operational planning is narrow in scope and focuses on routine activities
of the company. It is short term and may change year after year.

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