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Lab Activity No 1

This document provides a timeline of significant events in the development of forensic chemistry from 44 BC to 1984 AD. It also outlines the objectives, procedures, and questions for a lab activity on forensic chemistry and toxicology. The scope of forensic chemistry includes various areas like physical evidence analysis, biology, firearms examination, odontology, and toxicology. The importance of forensic chemistry in investigations is that it allows criminals to be convicted based on scientific evidence rather than just eyewitness testimony. Several factors must be considered when collecting specimens for examination, including preparing the patient, proper collection and processing techniques, and proper storage and transportation. The "golden rules" of forensic chemistry are to thoroughly examine evidence, take detailed notes, consult experts, use imagination, and

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UNSA MANE
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1K views

Lab Activity No 1

This document provides a timeline of significant events in the development of forensic chemistry from 44 BC to 1984 AD. It also outlines the objectives, procedures, and questions for a lab activity on forensic chemistry and toxicology. The scope of forensic chemistry includes various areas like physical evidence analysis, biology, firearms examination, odontology, and toxicology. The importance of forensic chemistry in investigations is that it allows criminals to be convicted based on scientific evidence rather than just eyewitness testimony. Several factors must be considered when collecting specimens for examination, including preparing the patient, proper collection and processing techniques, and proper storage and transportation. The "golden rules" of forensic chemistry are to thoroughly examine evidence, take detailed notes, consult experts, use imagination, and

Uploaded by

UNSA MANE
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© © All Rights Reserved
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LAB ACTIVITY NO.

INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY

I - OBJECTIVE:
To trace back the humble beginning and development of Forensic Chemistry and
scientific crime laboratory in the Philippines.
II - PROCEDURE:
Create a timeline showing the beginning and development of forensic chemistry history.

PART 1: Search for the significant events on the development of Forensic Chemistry.

DATE/TIME EVENT

44 B.C THE MEDICAL EXAMINER OF JULIUS CAESAR DETERMINE


THAT OUT OF 23 WOUNDS, ONLY ONE WAS FATAL.

250 A.D GREEK DOCTOR ERASISTRATUS DISCOVERS THAT THE


PULSE OF HIS PATIENTS INCREASES WHEN THEY LIED.
(FIRST LIE DETECTOR TEST)

5TH CENTURY GERMAN AND SLAVIC SOCIETIES WERE THE FIRST TO


WRITE STATUTES THAT REQUIRED MEDICAL EXPERTS TO
DETERMINE CAUSE OF DEATH.

YEAR 1247 THE FIRST TEXTBOOK ON FORENSIC MEDICINE, WASHING


AWAY THE WRONG, IS WRITTEN BY SONG TZU AND
PUBLISHED IN CHINA SONG.

15TH AND 16TH CENTURY MEDIEVAL ENGLISH COMMON LAW CALLS FOR FORENSIC
DETERMINATION IN DEALING WITH ESTATES.
16TH CENTURY THE STUDY OF ANATOMY INSPIRES MEDICOLEGAL
TEXTBOOKS.

YEAR 1883 ALPHONE BERTILLON DEVELOPS ANTHROPOMETRY, A


SYSTEM OF TAKING PICTURES AND BODY
MEASUREMENTS TO IDENTIFY CRIMINALS.

YEAR 1887 CORONER’S ACT IN THE USA ENSURES THAT THE


CORONER’S ROLE INCLUDES INVESTIGATING CAUSE ODF
SUDDEN OF VIOLENT DEATHS.

YEAR 1892 SIR FRANCIS GALTON CLASSIFIES FINGERPRINTS INTO


EIGHT CATEGORIES.

YEAR 1910 EDMOND LOCARD DEVELOPS EXCHANGE PRINCIPLE


AND, IN FRANCE, STARTS THE FIRST EVER POLICE CRIME
LAB.

YEAR 1931 FRANZ HOLZER DEVELOPS ABO BLOOD TYPING METHOD


IN AUSTRIA.

YEAR 1937 WALTER SPECHT DEVELOPS LUMINOL, A CHEMICAL THAT


SHINES BLUE WHEN IT COMES IN CONTACT WITH BLOOD.

YEAR 1974 SCIENTISTS IN THE USA DEVELOP METHODS TO INSPECT


GUNSHOT RESIDUE WITH A SCANNING ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE.

YEAR 1984 SIR ALEC JEFFREYS DEVELOPS METHODS FOR DNA


FINGERPRINTING AND PROFILING IN ENGLAND THAT ARE
USED AROUND THE WORLD TODAY.

PART 2: Answer the following questions extensively.


1. What is the scope of Forensic Chemistry?
The scope of forensic chemistry are Physical science that applies principles of
chemistry, physics, and geology to evidence. The other one is Forensic biology that consists of
the study of DNA, bloodstains, hair & fibers, and botanical materials. Firearms, examines
firearms and ammunition, clothing, and other objects for gunshot residue. Forensic odontology
helps in the identification of victims when the body is left in an unrecognizable state. Forensic
Toxicology involves analysis of biological samples to check for the presence of toxins and
drugs. Forensic anthropology, this deals with the examination of compromised human remains
or skeletons to help determine the age, height, gender, and ancestry. Forensic pathology is a
branch of pathology that helps determine the cause of death by examining a corpse. Trace
Evidence such as fibers, soil, hair, gunshot residue, wood, and pollen are some of the many
examples of trace evidence. Impression evidence is the evidence created when two objects
come in contact with enough force to create an “impression”.

2. Discuss briefly the importance of forensic chemistry in scientific criminal investigation.


The importance of forensic chemistry in the scientific criminal investigation is that without
the application of forensic chemistry, criminals can never be convicted unless an eyewitness is
present. The responsibilities of a forensic scientist in a criminal investigation is important as it
involves the careful examination of evidence while ensuring that it is not tampered with.
Forensic chemistry deals with the analysis of those evidence to establish facts admissible in the
court of law.

3. What are the factors considered during the collection of specimens for examination?
There are four steps involved in obtaining good quality for testing of the specimen, one is
the preparation of the patient, collection of the specimen, processing the specimen, and the last
is storing and transporting the specimen.

4. What are the golden rules in Forensic Chemistry?

In the practice of forensic chemistry there are six golden rule;


 Go slowly - Good work cannot be rushed, then we must take all the time needed to
make the case complete.
 Be thorough - Do a thorough and minute examination of everything and do not be
satisfied with a qualitative analysis if a quantitative one is possible.
 Take notes - Keep a full, neat, and clear record of everything seen and done.
 Consult others - We should consult with others who are most likely to know with which
he is not familiar.
 Use imagination - We should keep our ability to produce ideas in the mind without any
immediate input of the senses.
 Avoid complicated theories - The simplest explanation is the most likely to be the right
one.

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