Name: ________________________________

Grade 10

Unit 7: MASS MEDIA

New words:
1. Information (n): acts about a situation, person, event, ect.
Do you have any information about/ on train times?
For further information (= if you want to know more), please contact your local library.
I read an interesting bit/ piece of information in the newspaper.
2. Informative (adj): providing a lot of useful information
This is an interesting and highly informative book.
3. Informed (adj): having a lot of knowledge or information about sth
The school promised to keep parents informed about the situation
Elizabeth is remarkably well-informed.
4. Inform (v): to tell someone about particular facts
Walter was not properly informed of the reasons for her arrest.
5. Different (adj): not the same
Emily is very/ completely/ entirely different from her sister.
6. Difference (n): the way in which two or more things which you are comparing are not the same
Is there any significant difference in quality between these two items?
7. Differentiate (v): to show or find the difference between things which are compared
We do not differentiate between our workers on the basis of their background or ethnic origin.
8. Know (v): to have information in your mind
I don’t know anything about this.
The authorities know him to be (= know that he is) a cocaine dealer.
9. Knowledge (n) understanding of or information about a subject which a person gets by experience
or study, and which is either in a person’s mind or known by people generally
Her knowledge of English grammar is very extensive.
The details of the scandal are now common knowledge (= familiar to most people).
10. Knowledgeable (adj): knowing a lot
He’s very knowledgeable about German literature.
11. Knowledgeably (adv)
12. Memory (n): the ability to remember information, experiences and people/ something that you
remember from the past.
After the accident he suffered from loss of memory / memory loss.
She has an excellent memory for names (= She can remember names easily.)
I have vivid memories of that evening.
School is just a dim/ distant memory for me now. (= something I cannot remember very well).
13. Memorable (adj): likely to be remembered or worth remembering
I haven’t seen them since that memorable evening when the boat capsized.
14. Memorably (adv)
15. Memorize (v): to learn something so that you will remember it exactly
When I was at school, we were required to memorize a poem every week.
16. Document (n): a paper or set of papers with written or printed information, especially of an official
type
Official/ confidential/ legal document
They are charged with forged documents.
17. Document (v): to record details of an event, a process, ect.
His interest in cricket has been well-documented (= recorded and written about) by the media.
 Name: ________________________________
Grade 10

18. Documentary (adj): giving facts and information about a subject in the form of a film, television,
or a radio program
Most of her films have a documentary style.
19. Documentary (n): a film, television, or radio program that gives facts and information about a
subject
They showed a documentary on animal communication.
20. Effect (n): the result of a particular influence
The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect upon/ on the environment.
Take effect = to produce or achieve the results you want
In effect = in fact, in practice (thực tế cho thấy)
21. Effective (adj): successful or achieve the results that you want
It’s an extremely effective cure for a headache.
22. Affect (v): to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause them to change
Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.
23. Popular (adj): liked, enjoyed, or supported by many people
That song was popular with people from my father’s generation.
How popular is Madonna among/ with teenagers?
24. Popularity (n): when something is liked, enjoyed, or supported by many people
25. Popularize (v): to make something become popular/ to make something known and understood by
ordinary people.
It was Luciano Pavarotti in the 1980s who really popularized opera.
Television has an important role to play in popularizing new scientific ideas.
26. Encourage (v): to make someone more likely to do something, or to make something more likely
to happen
We are encouraged to learn foreign languages at school.
They’ve always encouraged me in everything I’ve wanted to do. (to talk or to behave in a way
that gives someone confidence to do something)
27. Encouraged (adj): having more confidence or hope about something
28. Encouraging (adj): making you feel more confidence or hope
29. Encouragement (n): when someone talks or behaves in a way that gives you confidence to do
something
I could never have achieved this without the encouragement of my husband and my family.
30. Behave (v): to act in a particular way, or to be good by acting in a way which has society’s
approval.
She always behaves well/ badly when her aunts come to visit.
31. Behavior (n): someone’s behavior is how they behave
He was notorious for his violent and threatening behavior.
32. Behavioral (adj): relating to behavior
She studies behavioral psychology at college.
33. Behaviorism (n): the theory that the study of the human mind should be based on people’s actions
and behavior, and not in what they say that they think or feel.
34. Responsible (adj): to have control and authority over something or someone and the duty of taking
care of it or them
Paul is directly responsible to the boss for the efficient running of the office
35. Responsibility (n): something that it is your job or duty to deal with
It’s her responsibility to ensure the project finishes on time.
Jenny, you have responsibility for clearing up the room after the class.
 Name: ________________________________
Grade 10

The company says it cannot cut its prices any more because it has a responsibility to its
shareholders.
Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (stated that they caused) yesterday’s bomb attack.
(blame for something that has happened)
36. Visual (adj): relating to seeing
Visual aid: something that you are shown, such as a picture, film, or map in order to help you
understand or remember information
37. Oral (adj): spoken, not written
Oral (n): an examination, often a type of language examination, in which you give spoken and
not written answers
38. Aural (adj): relating to hearing

Vocabulary exercise
I. Word form
1. For your _________________
information (inform), the library is on the third floor.
2. It’s easy to tell the _________________
difference (different) between the two children.
3. A baby has no _________________
knowledge (know) of good and evil.
4. That was a _________________
memorable (memory) experience I had when I was in Hanoi.
5. This is one of the best _________________(document)
documentary films showing the lives of working
people.
6. The government has introduced some _________________
effective (effect) measures to reduce
unemployment.
7. His _________________
popularity (popular) among working people remains as strong as ever.
8. Her teachers _________________
encourage (courage) her a lot in her studies.
9. Their _________________
behaviours (behave) towards me shows that they do not like me.
10. He accepted full _________________
responsibility (responsible) for the mistakes he had made.

Present perfect
The present perfect is formed from the present tense of the verb have and the past participle of a
verb.
We use the present perfect:
• for something that started in the past and continues in the present:
They've been married for nearly fifty years.
She has lived in Liverpool all her life.

• when we are talking about our experience up to the present:

I've seen that film before.

I've played the guitar ever since I was a teenager.
He has written three books and he is working on another one.
We often use the adverb ever to talk about experience up to the present:
My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had.
and we use never for the negative form:
Have you ever met George?
Yes, but I've never met his wife.
 Name: ________________________________
Grade 10

• for something that happened in the past but is important in the present:
I can't get in the house. I've lost my keys.
Teresa isn't at home. I think she has gone shopping.

have been and have gone

We use have/has been when someone has gone to a place and returned:
A: Where have you been?
B: I've just been out to the supermarket.
A: Have you ever been to San Francisco?
B: No, but I've been to Los Angeles.
But when someone has not returned, we use have/has gone:
A: Where's Maria? I haven't seen her for weeks.
B: She's gone to Paris for a week. She'll be back tomorrow.

Present perfect with time adverbials

We often use the present perfect with adverbials which refer to the recent past:

recently just only just

Scientists have recently discovered a new breed of monkey.

We have just got back from our holidays.
or adverbials which include the present:

so far until now up to now

ever (in questions)
yet (in questions and negatives)

Have you ever seen a ghost?

Where have you been up to now?
A: Have you finished your homework yet?
B: No, so far I've only done my history.
After a clause with the present perfect we often use a clause with since to show when something
started in the past:
I've worked here since I left school.
I've been watching that programme every week since it started.

Be careful!

We do not use the present perfect with adverbials which refer to a finished past time:
 Name: ________________________________
Grade 10

Be careful!

younger
was
yesterday last week/month/year in 2017

I have seen that film yesterday.

We have just bought a new car last week.
When we were children we have been to California.
When we were children, we went to California, and we still visit it now.
We have gone to/ visited/ been to California since we were children.

but we can use the present perfect with adverbials which refer to a time which is not yet
finished:

today this week/month/year now that I am 18

Have you seen Helen today?

We have bought a new car this week.

Present perfect continuous

The present perfect continuous is formed with have/has been and the -ing form of the verb.
We normally use the present perfect continuous to emphasise that something is still continuing in
the present:
She has been living in Liverpool all her life.
It's been raining for hours.
I'm tired out. I've been working all day.
They have been staying with us since last week.
We do not normally use the present perfect continuous with stative verbs. We use the present
perfect simple instead:
I've always been liking liked John.

Present perfect for future

We normally use the present simple to talk about the future in clauses with before, after, until, etc.:
I'll keep looking until I find my book.
We'll begin when everyone arrives.
but we can also use the present perfect:
I'll keep looking until I have found my book.
We'll begin when everyone has arrived.
 Name: ________________________________
Grade 10

EXERCISE
I. Do we use “for” or “since” with the following time references?
• I haven’t phone home _______________ Christmas.
• We’ve been here _______________ nine o’clock.
• I have worked for international House _______________ more than eight years.
• I haven’t visited my hometown _______________ I left school.
• I haven’t been to the cinema _______________ ages.
• I have studied non-stop _______________9:15.
• I have had a driving license _______________ I was eighteen.
• She hasn’t had a day off _______________ 1999.
• Johan has been in England _______________ more than two weeks now.
• Peter has been my best friend _______________ we were nine.
II. Present perfect vs Simple past
1. The robbers left / had left the bank when the policemen finally arrived / had arrived.
2. When the rain started / had started, the Atkinsons finished / had finished planting trees.
3. By the time Rebecca went / had gone into the store, she got / had got soaked.
4. Darcey saw / had seen this castle before she came / had come again last Sunday.
5. Mr. Palmer didn't speak / hadn't spoken any Chinese before he moved / had moved to Peking.
6. Sonny got / had got fainted by the time the ambulance reached / had reached the hospital.
7. When my mother brought / had brought me an apple, I finished / had finished my homework.
8. Mrs. Wilkinson refused / had refused to drive the car because she had / had had a terrible accident
on the highway about a year ago.
9. I didn't think / hadn't thought of having a new house before I saw / had seen that ad on TV.
10. My uncle didn't try / hadn't tried Italian food before went / had gone to that restaurant.

III. Rewrite the sentence without changing its meaning.

1. The last time I cooked was 3 years ago.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
2. When did you buy that bag?
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
3. I last saw him 2 days ago.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
4. I started writing blog 2 months ago
→_____________________________________________________________________________
5. She began living in Danang when she was a child.
→_____________________________________________________________________________
6. It is 5 years since I last visited my grandparents.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
7. When did you start loving him?
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
 Name: ________________________________
Grade 10

8. The last time I went to bar was 6 years ago.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
9. It’s years since she wrote to me.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
10. I last took a bath 2 days ago.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
1. How long have you been here?
→ When _______________________________________________________________________
2. This is the first time I have seen such a beautiful girl.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
3. I haven’t gone to school for 4 months because of covid-19.
→ The last time _________________________________________________________________
→ I last ________________________________________________________________________
→ It is _________________________________________________________________________
4. I have never visited Halong Bay before.
→ This is ______________________________________________________________________
5. I haven’t cheated in exam for years.
→ It is _________________________________________________________________________
→ The last time _________________________________________________________________
→ I last ________________________________________________________________________
6. I have married for 10 years.
→ I started _____________________________________________________________________
7. How long have she lived in Danang?
→ When _______________________________________________________________________
8. He hasn’t smoked for 2 years.
→ He last ______________________________________________________________________
→ The last time _________________________________________________________________
→ It is _________________________________________________________________________
9. I have learnt French for 3 years.
→ I began ______________________________________________________________________
10. I haven’t met her for 5 days.
→ I last ________________________________________________________________________
→ It is _________________________________________________________________________
 Name: ________________________________
Grade 10

→ The last _____________________________________________________________________

ALTHOUGH/ IN SIPTE OF/ BECAUSE/ BECAUSE OF
I. Although/ because/ in spite of/ because of
1. _____________ the meeting is at 2:00, I won’t be able to see you.
2. _____________ I told the absolute truth, on one would believe me.
3. The goods were never delivered _____________ the promise we had received.
4. My mother is always complaining _____________ the untidiness of my room.
5. I didn’t get the job _____________ I had all the necessary qualifications.
6. It’s unsafe to travel in that country _____________ the ongoing civil war.
7. The villagers refused to leave _____________ the drought.
8. _____________ everything looked different, I had no idea where to go.
9. _____________ his age, Cesar was not hired _____________ he had the necessary qualifications.
10. You can’t enter this secure area _____________ you don’t have an official permit.
II. Rewrite the sentences using in spite of
1. Although she is an accountant, she never seems to have any money.
→ In spite of ___________________________________________________________________
2. Although Henry is a billionaire, he hates spending money.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
3. Mark went on working although he felt unwell.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
4. They slept soundly although the night air was hot.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
5. Although she was successful, she felt dissatisfied.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
6. Although the boat was full of water, it sailed on.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
7. Although the children were poor, they seemed happy.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
8. We couldn’t get tickets for the concert although we queued for more than an hour.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
9. I enjoyed the film although the story was silly.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
10. He didn’t arrive until 9 o’clock although he promised that he wouldn’t be late.
 Name: ________________________________
Grade 10

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
III. Rewrite these sentences with given idea
1. It’s nearly twenty years since my father saw his brother.
→ My father ____________________________________________________________________
2. Although he was seriously ill, he was determined to finish his work.
→ In spit of ____________________________________________________________________
3. When did you last ride a bike?
→ How long ____________________________________________________________________
4. People say that this novel was written by a very young author.
→ This novel ___________________________________________________________________
5. I haven’t been to London since 1998.
→ The last _____________________________________________________________________
6. My wait in the queue has lasted forty minutes so far.
→ I ___________________________________________________________________________
7. I have not seen a more wonderful building anywhere.
→ Nowhere ____________________________________________________________________
8. The trip was so interesting that we couldn’t forget.
→ It __________________________________________________________________________
9. Because of the heavy rain, they couldn’t go on a picnic last week.
→ Because _____________________________________________________________________
10. I’ve never seen such as bad film as that one.
→ That is ______________________________________________________________________
 Name: ________________________________
Grade 10

BECAUSE/ BECAUSE OF
Because/ although/ though + S + V Because of/ In spite of/ despite + V-ing/ N
1. It + be + adj → The + noun
It is dark. → the dark(ness)
2. Pronoun + be + adj → possessive adj + noun
He is lazy. → his laziness
3. noun + be + adj → The + adj + N
The weather was cold. → the cold weather
4. There + be + noun. → noun
There are a lot of people. → a lot of people
5. S + have + noun. → possessive adj + N
He had experience. → his experience
6. S + V + O + adv. → possessive adj + adj + N + N
(1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (4) (3) (2)
He practices gymnastics regularly. → his regular gymnastics practice
Exercise
I. Because → Because of
1. He got a promotion because he worked hard. → ______________________________________
2. They work with all their heart because they are well-paid. → ___________________________
3. My brother was not qualified as a pilot because his eyes were weak. → ____________________
4. The football match was canceled because the weather was bad. → ________________________
5. My father missed the five o’clock train because he got up late. → ________________________
6. The man didn’t enjoy his work because he was underpaid. → ___________________________
7. He makes some progress in learning English because he attends class regularly. → __________
8. They often have quarrels because they never try to understand each other. → _______________
9. She doesn’t have time to learn a career because she us too busy with her housework.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
10. We can’t study because it’s very noisy. → __________________________________________
11. He quitted his job because he didn’t like the boss. → _________________________________
12. Everybody loves her because she has good behavior. → ______________________________
13. Because his wife was there, I said nothing about it. → ________________________________
14. We shouldn’t suspect him because he is very honest. → _______________________________
 Name: ________________________________
Grade 10

II. Because of → Because

1. She denied telling me about herself because of her shyness. → __________________________
2. Because of the World War II, many women took over business for their absent husband.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
3. Because of arriving late, we missed the first part of the play. → _________________________
4. Women can delay having children because of the birth-control methods. → ________________
5. We couldn’t let her know the truth because of its awfulness. → __________________________
6. Because of the invention of computer, computations can be done more precisely and quickly.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
7. Because of the war, our country couldn’t be well developed. → _________________________
8. Because of being good at English, he was chosen as the director’s interpreter. → ____________
9. All the students love the principal because of his wise decision. → _______________________
10. He has to give up smoking because of his bad health and his doctor’s advice. → ___________
LANGUAGE FOCUS
I. PHONETICS
1. A. make B. daily C. paper D. family
2. A. boil B. trolley C. boy D. oil
3. A. bake B. baby C. tap D. take
4. A. toy B. noise C. choice D. lobby
5. A. key B. they C. today D. survey
6. A. voice B. coin C. coincide D. noise
7. A. time B. fit C. fine D. Friday
8. A. famous B. face C. take D. catch
9. A. family B. sky C. type D. clarify
10. A. great B. leak C. eight D. break