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Nanomaterials: Name:Abhishek Anand ROLL NO:21052216 Section:B22

This document summarizes nanomaterials and their applications. It defines nanomaterials as materials that are less than 100nm thick and exist in the quantum regime. Nanomaterials are classified based on their structure into consolidated materials and nanodispersions. They can also be categorized dimensionally as zero-dimensional (nanoparticles), one-dimensional (nanotubes, nanorods), two-dimensional (graphene, nanofilms), or three-dimensional (bulk powders). Nanomaterials exhibit unique properties like improved catalysis, electrical conductivity, and magnetism due to their high surface area. Some applications of nanomaterials discussed are carbon nanotubes, fullerenes like C60 buckyballs, and graphene, which has potential uses in drug

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78 views17 pages

Nanomaterials: Name:Abhishek Anand ROLL NO:21052216 Section:B22

This document summarizes nanomaterials and their applications. It defines nanomaterials as materials that are less than 100nm thick and exist in the quantum regime. Nanomaterials are classified based on their structure into consolidated materials and nanodispersions. They can also be categorized dimensionally as zero-dimensional (nanoparticles), one-dimensional (nanotubes, nanorods), two-dimensional (graphene, nanofilms), or three-dimensional (bulk powders). Nanomaterials exhibit unique properties like improved catalysis, electrical conductivity, and magnetism due to their high surface area. Some applications of nanomaterials discussed are carbon nanotubes, fullerenes like C60 buckyballs, and graphene, which has potential uses in drug

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Abhishek Jha
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NANOMATERIALS

NAME:ABHISHEK ANAND
ROLL NO:21052216
SECTION:B22
INTRODUCTION
ØNanomaterials are any type of material of nanosized thickness,i.e less than
100nm in thickness.
ØThere are various types,many of which exhibit different
properties than bulk materials.
ØOne common factor of nanomaterials is that this thickness range is also
known as the quantum regime, where quantum effects play a major role
in defining the properties. Because of this nanomaterialsfalls into different
dimensional categories.
CLASSIFICATION OF NANOMATERIALS
ØThe classification of nanomaterials mainly depends on the morphology
and their structure, they are classified into two major groups as
Consolidated materials and Nanodispersions. Consolidated nanomaterials
are further classified into several groups.
DIMENSIONALITY
ØZero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials all the dimensions are measured within the
nanoscale (no dimensions are larger than 100 nm). Most commonly, 0D nanomaterials
are nanoparticles.
ØOne-dimensional nanomaterials (1D) one dimension is outside the nanoscale. This class
includes nanotubes, nanorods, and nanowires.
Ø Two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D) two dimensions are outside the nanoscale. This
class exhibits plate-like shapes and includes graphene, nanofilms, nanolayers, and
nanocoatings.
Ø Three-dimensional nanomaterials (3D) are materials that are not confined to the
nanoscale in any dimension. This class can contain bulk powders, dispersions of
nanoparticles, bundles of nanowires, and nanotubes as well as multi-nanolayers
PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS

ØCatalytic- Better catalytic efficiency through


higher surface-to volume ratio.
Ø Electrical- Increased electrical conductivity in
ceramics and magnetic Nano composites,
increased electric resistance in metals.
ØMagnetic- Increased magnetic coactivity up to a
critical grain size, super paramagnetic behavior.
APPLICATION OF NANOMATERIALS
APPLICATION:CNT
APPLICATION:FULLERENE
ØIN 1985 a new carbon material was discovered by H.KROTO and
R.SMALLEY.They named that as “buckministerfullerene”, after the name
of an architect Buckminister .
ØThe suffix ‘ene’ represents the fact that each “C” is covalently bonded
with other three carbon atoms ultimately indicating the presence of
double bonds.
ØC60 is a spherical molecule about 1 nm in diameter,comprising 60
carbon atoms arranged as 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons as the basis of
icosahedral symmetry closed case structure.
Ø These spherical fullerenes are also called buckyballs,and they resemble
more or less of a football-like-architecture.
ØSince that time the family of fluorene has increased to
C70,C76,C84,C240 and C540. No of hexagons=(carbon atoms,n)-20/2
APPLICATION:GRAPHENE
Ø Graphene-based nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO),
have shown great potentials in drug delivery and photodynamic/photothermal therapy due to
their featured structure and physicochemical properties.
Ø In recent years, their antibacterial potentials have also been exploited. The commonly recognized
antibacterial mechanisms include sharp edge-mediated cutting effect, oxidative stress and cell
entrapment. This antibacterial activity is very important for human health. As we know, infection
with the pathogenic bacteria, especially the drug-resistant ones, is a great threat to human lives.
Thus, the development of the antibiotics-independent and drug-free antibacterial agents is of
great importance and significance.
Ø Graphene-based nanomaterials are a kind of such antibacterial agents. An insight into their
properties and antibacterial mechanisms is necessary before they are developed into real
products.
Ø Herein, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the antibacterial application of graphene-
based nanomaterials via summarizing their antibacterial activities against some typical microbial
species and discussing their unique mechanisms.
THANK YOU

PRESENTED TO:DR CHANDANA


MOHANTY

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